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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Parallel Line Internet Protocol</b> (<b>PLIP</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a> <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (computing)">protocol</a> for direct computer-to-computer communications using the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_port" title="Parallel port">parallel port</a>, normally used for connections to a printer.<sup id="cite_ref-WellsJang2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WellsJang2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hantelmann2012_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hantelmann2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PLIP provides <a href="/wiki/Link_layer" title="Link layer">link layer</a> services for the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a>, which is used for forming small <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area networks</a> and large computer networks, such as the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. This enables computers without standard dedicated networking hardware, such as <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>, but with older parallel port devices, to communicate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Line_Internet_Protocol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Protocol Suite">Internet Protocol Suite</a> is the standards-based networking model and software specification for forming small and large computer networks, from local area networks to global communication systems like the Internet. It is usually implemented by software and hardware features that use <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> network interface cards, cabling, and networking switches or hubs. </p><p>Early <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> did not have Ethernet hardware in their design, and bus adapters were initially expensive. A solution was to use, at the time, a standard <a href="/wiki/Parallel_port" title="Parallel port">parallel port</a>, typically used for connection to a printer or similar output device. The ports on two computers are connected with a so-called null-printer cable, sometimes called a <a href="/wiki/LapLink_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="LapLink cable">LapLink cable</a>. </p><p>The LapLink cable connects five output pins of a parallel port to five input pins on the opposing port for each direction. Due to the lack of internal timing in the parallel ports, synchronization is implemented via software handshaking: four pins are used for data transfer and one is used for synchronization. The <a href="/wiki/Truth_value" title="Truth value">logical values</a> at these pins are read and written directly by the software via an input or output instruction. </p><p>This method does not connect the bidirectional data lines of the two devices to prevent both lines from being active at the same time. The status lines ERROR, SLCT, PAPOUT, ACK, and BUSY on one device are connected to data pins d0 through d4, respectively, on the other. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a> is transmitted by dividing it into two <a href="/wiki/Nibble" title="Nibble">nibbles</a> of four bits each. Each nibble is transmitted by setting the four data lines according to the four nibble bits and then toggling the acknowledge line. This toggle indicates to the receiving host that the nibble is ready to be read. Once the receiving host has read the nibble, it toggles its synchronization line to tell the transmitter that the nibble has been read and that a new one may be sent. Both hosts use a toggle on their acknowledge lines to indicate that the read or write operation has been performed. As a result, each host has to wait for a toggle from the other host before proceeding with a new operation. </p><p>As an example, the transfer of nibble <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">0010</span> proceeds as follows: </p> <pre> t->r lines r->s lines operation 00010 0xxxx transmitter sets data lines to 0010 10010 0xxxx transmitter toggle ACK line receiver detects toggle and reads 0010 10010 1xxxx receiver toggle ACK line transmitter detects toggle </pre> <p>This procedure is repeated for the next nibble when the transmitter detects the toggle. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> packets are sent over the line after being encapsulated into PLIP packets before being transmitted over the line. The encapsulated packet has the following structure: </p> <ul><li>packet length: 2 bytes, <a href="/wiki/Little_endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Little endian">little endian</a></li> <li>ethernet header (mostly used for backward compatibility)</li> <li>the IP packet</li> <li>checksum: 1 byte, sum modulo 256 bytes in the packet</li></ul> <p>The length and checksum are calculated over the second and third fields only so that the actual total length of the packet is three more than the length reported in the first two bytes of the packet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_methods">Similar methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Line_Internet_Protocol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Similar methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An analogous feature for serial communications ports is the <a href="/wiki/Serial_Line_Internet_Protocol" title="Serial Line Internet Protocol">Serial Line Internet Protocol</a> (SLIP), using null-modem cables but allows the transfer of four bits at a time rather than one. It generally works at higher <a href="/wiki/Bitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitrate">bitrates</a>. The method is based on the "Crynwr" standard devised by <a href="/wiki/Russ_Nelson" title="Russ Nelson">Russ Nelson</a>. </p><p>Ethernet may also be used as a direct computer-to-computer communications method using an <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_crossover_cable" title="Ethernet crossover cable">Ethernet crossover cable</a>. </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Point-to-point link">point-to-point</a> connections, such as <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> host-to-host bridges or cables, are also used to transfer files between two computers where a network is not necessary or available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Line_Internet_Protocol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>PPP <a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">Point-to-Point Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_cable_connection" title="Direct cable connection">Direct cable connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_Line_Internet_Protocol" title="Serial Line Internet Protocol">Serial Line Internet Protocol</a> (SLIP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Line_Internet_Protocol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WellsJang2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WellsJang2000_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_WellsMichael_Jang2000" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Wells; Michael Jang (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQE-iUCjUKAC&pg=PA63"><i>Guide to Linux Installation and Administration</i></a>. Cengage Learning EMEA. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-619-00097-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-619-00097-X"><bdi>0-619-00097-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Linux+Installation+and+Administration&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning+EMEA&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-619-00097-X&rft.au=Nicholas+Wells&rft.au=Michael+Jang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQE-iUCjUKAC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParallel+Line+Internet+Protocol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hantelmann2012-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hantelmann2012_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_Hantelmann2012" class="citation book cs1">Fred Hantelmann (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q9ypCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3"><i>LINUX Start-up Guide: A self-contained introduction</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-60749-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-60749-3"><bdi>978-3-642-60749-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LINUX+Start-up+Guide%3A+A+self-contained+introduction&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-3-642-60749-3&rft.au=Fred+Hantelmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq9ypCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParallel+Line+Internet+Protocol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Line_Internet_Protocol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121204000631/http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/network-plip.html">PLIP explanation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebsddiary.org/plip.php">PLIP install how-to</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/PLIP-Install-HOWTO.html">PLIP-Install-HOWTO</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linux.it/~rubini/docs/plip/plip.html">A description of the PLIP protocol</a> by Alessandro Rubini</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Line_Internet_Protocol&oldid=1249687434">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Line_Internet_Protocol&oldid=1249687434</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_protocols" title="Category:Internet protocols">Internet protocols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Link_protocols" title="Category:Link protocols">Link protocols</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 October 2024, at 08:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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