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Alemu</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Bamlaku Alemu"> <meta name="keywords" content="Bamlaku Alemu"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Bamlaku Alemu" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Bamlaku Alemu"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 31</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Bamlaku Alemu</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> An Assessment on Socio-Economic Impacts of Smallholder Eucalyptus Tree Plantation in the Case of Northwest Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mersha%20Tewodros%20Getnet">Mersha Tewodros Getnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengistu%20Ketema"> Mengistu Ketema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bamlaku%20Alemu"> Bamlaku Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girma%20Demilew"> Girma Demilew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The availability of forest products determines the possibilities for forest-based livelihood options. Plantation forest is a widespread economic activity in highland areas of the Amhara regional state, owing primarily to degradation and limited access to natural forests. As a result, tree plantation has become one of the rural livelihood options in the area. Therefore, given the increasing importance of smallholder plantations in highland areas of Amhara Regional States, the aim of this research was to evaluate the extent of smallholder plantations and their socio-economic impact. To address the abovementioned research, a sequential embedded mixed research design was employed. This qualitative and quantitative information was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from 385 sample households, which were chosen using a three-stage, multi-stage sampling method based on the Cochran sample size formula. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Smallholder eucalyptus plantations in the study area were discovered to be common, and they are now part of the livelihood portfolio for meeting both household wood consumption and generating cash income. According to the PSM model's ATT results, income from selling farm forest products certainly contributes more to total household income, farm expenditure per cultivated land, and education spending than non-planter households. As a result, the government must strengthen plantation practices by prioritizing specific intervention areas while implementing measures to counteract the plantation's inequality-increasing effect through a variety of means, including progressive taxation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smallholder%20plantation" title="smallholder plantation">smallholder plantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eucalyptus" title=" Eucalyptus"> Eucalyptus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20treatment%20effect%20and%20income" title=" average treatment effect and income"> average treatment effect and income</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159139/an-assessment-on-socio-economic-impacts-of-smallholder-eucalyptus-tree-plantation-in-the-case-of-northwest-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Solving the Overheating on the Top Floor of Energy Efficient Houses: The Envelope Improvement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sormeh%20Sharifi">Sormeh Sharifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Saman"> Wasim Saman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemu%20Alemu"> Alemu Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Whaley"> David Whaley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although various energy rating schemes and compulsory building codes are using around the world, there are increasing reports on overheating in energy efficient dwellings. Given that the cooling demand of buildings is rising globally because of the climate change, it is more likely that the overheating issue will be observed more. This paper studied the summer indoor temperature in eight air-conditioned multi-level houses in Adelaide which have complied with the Australian Nationwide Houses Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) minimum energy performance of 7.5 stars. Through monitored temperature, this study explores that overheating is experienced on 75.5% of top floors during cooling periods while the air-conditioners were running. This paper found that the energy efficiency regulations have significantly improved thermal comfort in low floors, but not on top floors, and the energy-efficient house is not necessarily adapted with the air temperature fluctuations particularly on top floors. Based on the results, this study suggests that the envelope of top floors for multi-level houses in South Australian context need new criteria to make the top floor more heat resistance in order to: preventing the overheating, reducing the summer pick electricity demand and providing thermal comfort. Some methods are used to improve the envelope of the eight case studies. The results demonstrate that improving roofs was the most effective part of the top floors envelope in terms of reducing the overheating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20code" title="building code">building code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-efficient%20building" title=" energy-efficient building"> energy-efficient building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20rating" title=" energy rating"> energy rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overheating" title=" overheating"> overheating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88843/solving-the-overheating-on-the-top-floor-of-energy-efficient-houses-the-envelope-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Climate Change and Variability-Induced Resource Based Conflicts: The Case of the Issa, Ittu and Afar (Agro) Pastoralists of Eastern Ethiopia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bamlaku%20Tadesse%20Mengistu">Bamlaku Tadesse Mengistu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article explores the link between climate change/variability and its adaptation/coping strategies with resource-based ethnic conflicts among the Afar, Issa-Somali, and Ittu-Oromo ethnic groups. The qualitative data were collected from community leaders, ordinary members of the communities, and administrative and political bodies at various levels through one-on-one interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. The quantitative data were also collected through a household survey from the randomly selected 128 households drawn from the three districts of Mieso-Mullu, Mieso, and Amibara districts. The study shows that there is a causal relationship between resource scarcity impacted by climate change/variability and ethnic conflicts. The study reveals that the increasing nature of resource scarcity and environmental problems, and also the changing nature of ethnic diversity will aggravate the resource-based inter-ethnic conflicts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eastern%20Ethiopia" title="Eastern Ethiopia">Eastern Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20conflict" title=" ethnic conflict"> ethnic conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afar" title=" Afar"> Afar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa" title=" Issa"> Issa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ittu" title=" Ittu"> Ittu</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109664/climate-change-and-variability-induced-resource-based-conflicts-the-case-of-the-issa-ittu-and-afar-agro-pastoralists-of-eastern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Understand and Redefine Lean Product Development </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemu%20Moges%20Belay">Alemu Moges Belay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torgeir%20Welo"> Torgeir Welo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Ola%20Strandhagen"> Jan Ola Strandhagen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lean has long been linked with manufacturing, but its application claimed also by other functions such as product development and services. However, there is a challenge on understanding and defining lean in each function context. This paper aims to investigate the literature that focus mainly on PD process improvement, obtain better understanding and redefine LPD in systematic way. In addition to that, the paper attempts to summarize various proposed transformation strategies, definitions, identifying features of manufacturing and product development that would help to redefining lean in product development context. Finally we redefine LPD in organized way that encompasses different steps such as stage gate, communication and information, events, learning, innovation, knowledge and value creation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean" title="lean">lean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20manufacturing" title=" lean manufacturing"> lean manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20product%20development" title=" lean product development"> lean product development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12258/understand-and-redefine-lean-product-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Joint Space Hybrid Force/Position Control of 6-DoF Robot Manipulator Using Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habtemariam%20Alemu">Habtemariam Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been known that the performance of position and force control is highly affected by both robot dynamic and environment stiffness uncertainties. In this paper, joint space hybrid force and position control strategy with self-selecting matrix using artificial neural network compensator is proposed. The objective of the work is to improve controller robustness by applying a neural network technique in order to compensate the effect of uncertainties in the robot model. Simulation results for a 6 degree of freedom (6-DoF) manipulator and different types of environments showed the effectiveness of the suggested approach. 6-DoF Puma 560 family robot manipulator is chosen as industrial robot and its efficient dynamic model is designed using Matlab/SimMechanics library. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20manipulator" title="robot manipulator">robot manipulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%2Fposition%20control" title=" force/position control"> force/position control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab%2FSimulink" title=" Matlab/Simulink"> Matlab/Simulink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6723/joint-space-hybrid-forceposition-control-of-6-dof-robot-manipulator-using-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Leadership, Resource Based Conflicts and Its Resolution Practices among the Pastoral Groups in Eastern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bamlaku%20Tadesse%20Mengistu">Bamlaku Tadesse Mengistu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resource-based inter-ethnic conflicts are common in eastern Ethiopia among the Afar, Ittu-Oromo, and Issa-Somali pastoral groups. The qualitative data required for the study were collected from community leaders, ordinary members of the communities, and administrative and political bodies at various levels through one-on-one interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. The quantitative data were also collected through a household survey from the 128 households drawn from the three districts of Meiso-Mullu, Meiso, and Amibara. This research tried to assess the triggering factors of inter-ethnic violent conflicts and tensions observed and other motivating factors that encourage the rival groups to instigate the recent conflicts. The research revealed some of the triggering factors that instigate violent conflicts among the rival groups such as the bad actions of conflict entrepreneurs/rent seekers, the incidence of plunder (banditry), the encroachment of farmers’ to pastoral lands/vice versa, the destruction of farmers’ crops by pastoralists’ livestock, and among others. The roles of conflict entrepreneurs such as low and medium level administrators/leaders, illicit arms traffickers, local level elites, and among others are very much significant in fueling up inter-ethnic conflicts and tensions. Leaders of various levels wrongly agitate the politicization of ethnicity and ethnic identity as well as regional boundaries as they are political boundaries rather than administrative boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eastern%20ethiopia" title="eastern ethiopia">eastern ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20competition" title=" resource competition"> resource competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20conflict" title=" ethnic conflict"> ethnic conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFAR" title=" AFAR"> AFAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISSA%20and%20ITTU." title=" ISSA and ITTU."> ISSA and ITTU.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109662/leadership-resource-based-conflicts-and-its-resolution-practices-among-the-pastoral-groups-in-eastern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Supply and Marketing of Floriculture in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assefa%20Mitike%20Janko">Assefa Mitike Janko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gosa%20Alemu"> Gosa Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The review of supply and marketing of floriculture in Ethiopia was conducted to analyses the production potential and to know the marketing share of the country. The data was collected from secondary and primary. Ethiopia has been operating in the floriculture industry for over 20 years. As is the case in many developing countries, the major export items of Ethiopia are dominated by few agricultural products that earn very small amounts in the international market. Moreover, most of the exports are destined to only few countries. Given the highly capital intensive nature of production and processing, rose farming is not a smallholder activity. It is also important to note the extremely tightly controlled time dimension of the logistics process, given the product attributes desired and the fragility and perishability of the roses. Another characteristic of the Ethiopian floriculture sector is the lack of domestically produced inputs that flower producers can access. The export volume and value of cut-flowers accounts for a small proportion of the total exports of Ethiopia. In recent years the sector is showing improvements in terms of the quality and quantity of exports to the international market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roses" title="roses">roses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20chain" title=" value chain"> value chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floriculture" title=" floriculture"> floriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply" title=" supply"> supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23293/supply-and-marketing-of-floriculture-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Experts' Perception of Secondary Education Quality Management Challenges in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aklilu%20Alemu">Aklilu Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tak%20Cheung%20Chan"> Tak Cheung Chan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Following the intensification of secondary education in the developing world, the attention of Ethiopia has currently shifted to its quality education and its management. This study is aimed to explore experts’ perceptions of quality management challenges in secondary education in Ethiopia. The researchers employed a case study design recruiting participating supervisors from the Ministry of Education, region, zone, wereda, and cluster by using a purposeful sampling technique. Twenty-six interviewees took part in this study. The researchers employed NVivo 8 versions together with a thematic analysis process to analyze the data. This study revealed that major problems that affected quality management practices in Ethiopia were: lack of qualified experts at all levels; lack of accountability in every echelon; the changing nature of teacher education; the ineffectiveness of teacher-licensing programs; and lack of educational budget and the problem of utilizing this limited budget. The study concluded that the experts at different levels were not genuinely fulfilling their roles and responsibilities. Therefore, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, together with the concerned parties, needs to reconsider budget allocation for secondary education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20quality" title="education quality">education quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20challenge" title=" quality challenge"> quality challenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management" title=" quality management"> quality management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20education" title=" secondary education"> secondary education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144531/experts-perception-of-secondary-education-quality-management-challenges-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> 4(3H)-Quinazolinone Derivatives' Synthesis and Evaluation as Antimalarial and Anti-Leishmanial Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemu%20Tadesse%20Feroche">Alemu Tadesse Feroche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, some 2, 3 distributed quinazoline -4 (3H) - one derivative were synthesized using a three-step synthetic route. They were obtained in a good yield (59.5-85%) by applying different chemical reactions like cyclization and condensation reactions. The chemical structure of the final compounds was also verified by spectroscopic methods (IR, ¹HNMR) and elemental microanalysis. The in vivo antimalarial activity of these compounds on P. berghei infected mice was found to be moderate to high at an oral dose of 0.04846 mmol/kg /day. This is equal to 25 mg/kg of chloroquine phosphate, which causes 100% inhibition of the parasite. It is worth mentioning that most active compounds (E) -3 Phenyl -2- [2- (pyridine -4- yl) vinyl] -4 (3H) -quinazolinone IVa (64.02%, (E)-2-[2-(4 - Hydroxy-3 - methoxystyryl) - vinyl) -3 - phenyl -4 (3H ) - quinazolinone IVc (77.25%) and (E)-2 –[2 –(Pyridin -4-yl) –vinyl] -3 phenenylamine -4(3H) quinazolinone IVe (73.54%) showed a dose-dependent increase in present suppression in antimalarial activities. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antileishmanial activity against L. aethiopica isolate (CL/039/09). All tested compounds (IVa (0.03766 ug/ml), IVb (0.00538 ug/ml, IVc (0.00412 ug/ml, IVd (0.00110 ug/ml), IVe (0.03017 ug/ml) and IVf (0.03894 ug/ml)) showed excellent potency that is much better than amphotericin B (IC50 = 0,04359 ug/ml). The results of acute toxicity indicated that all test compounds (IVa –IVf) proved to be nontoxic and well tolerated by the experimental animals up to 300 mg/kg in oral and 140 mg/kg in parental studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4%283H%29-quinazolinone" title="4(3H)-quinazolinone">4(3H)-quinazolinone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20antimalarial%20activity" title=" in vivo antimalarial activity"> in vivo antimalarial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20antileishmanial%20activity" title=" in vitro antileishmanial activity"> in vitro antileishmanial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153719/43h-quinazolinone-derivatives-synthesis-and-evaluation-as-antimalarial-and-anti-leishmanial-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> The Effect of Customs Commission Customer Satisfaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Menelik%20Tilahun%20Alemu">Menelik Tilahun Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Customs administrations are now increasingly regarded as the key border agencies responsible for all transactions related to issues arising from the border crossings of goods and people. Raising revenue has traditionally been high on the agenda of governments, represented by the Ministry of Finance (MOF), because of the critical importance of import duties as a source of budget revenue for many developing countries. Most of these functions are undertaken in close cooperation with other national agencies. Due to the need to make structural reforms that consider the nature of business activities in the world and the needs of consumers, the institution was previously divided into the Ministry of Revenue and the Customs Commission. Accordingly, the Ministry of Revenue is primarily responsible for administering and collecting local taxes, while the Customs Commission is responsible for administering customs matters; It supports exports and collects revenue from it. The National Import and Export Trade Service System is working to make the world more transparent and standardized and adapt to the current situation by formulating various guidelines, rules and procedures to provide a clear, simple, predictable and accessible service to customers. As a result, the commission will be able to streamline the business process by enabling Paperless customer service to support the service delivery technology and eliminate the customer iteration without having to incur unnecessary costs and inconveniences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business" title="business">business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumers" title=" consumers"> consumers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adapt" title=" adapt"> adapt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent" title=" transparent"> transparent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183711/the-effect-of-customs-commission-customer-satisfaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> The Determinants of Trade Flow and Potential between Ethiopia and Group of Twenty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terefe%20Alemu">Terefe Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is intended to examine Ethiopia’s trade flow determinants and trade potential with G20 countries whether it was overtraded or there is/are trade potential by using trade gravity model. The sources of panel data used were IMF, WDI, United Nations population division, The Heritage Foundation, Washington's No. 1 think tank online website database, online distance calculator, and others for the duration of 2010 to 2019 for 10 consecutive years. The empirical data analyzing tool used was Random effect model (REM), which is effective in estimation of time-invariant data. The empirical data analyzed using STATA software result indicates that Ethiopia has a trade potential with seven countries of G20, whereas Ethiopia overtrade with 12 countries and EU region. The Ethiopia’s and G20 countries/region bilateral trade flow statistically significant/ p<0.05/determinants were the population of G20 countries, growth domestic products of G20 countries, growth domestic products of Ethiopia, geographical distance between Ethiopia and G20 countries. The top five G20 countries exported to Ethiopia were china, United State of America, European Union, India, and South Africa, whereas the top five G20 countries imported from Ethiopia were EU, China, United State of America, Saudi Arabia, and Germany, respectively. Finally, the policy implication were Ethiopia has to Keep the consistence of trade flow with overtraded countries and improve with under traded countries through trade policy revision, and secondly, focusing on the trade determinants to improve trade flow is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20gravity%20model" title="trade gravity model">trade gravity model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20determinants" title=" trade determinants"> trade determinants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G20" title=" G20"> G20</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20trade" title=" international trade"> international trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20potential" title=" trade potential"> trade potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145147/the-determinants-of-trade-flow-and-potential-between-ethiopia-and-group-of-twenty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Comparative Analysis of Single Versus Multi-IRS Assisted Multi-User Wireless Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Tadese%20Kibret">Ayalew Tadese Kibret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belayneh%20Sisay%20Alemu"> Belayneh Sisay Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amare%20Kassaw%20Yimer"> Amare Kassaw Yimer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered to be a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. IRSs are electromagnetic (EM) surfaces that are fabricated and have integrated electronics, electronically controlled processes, and particularly wireless communication features. IRSs operate without the need for complex signal processing and the encoding and decoding steps that improve the signal quality at the receiver. Improving vital performance parameters such as energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) have frequently been the primary goals of research in order to meet the increasing requirements for advanced services in the future 6G communications. In this research, we conduct a comparative analysis on single and multi-IRS wireless communication networks using energy and spectrum efficiency. The energy efficiency versus user distance, energy efficiency versus signal to noise ratio, and spectral efficiency versus user distance are the basis for our result with 1, 2, 4, and 6 IRSs. According to the results of our simulation, in terms of energy and spectral efficiency, six IRS perform better than four, two, and single IRS. Overall, our results suggest that multi-IRS-assisted wireless communication systems outperform single IRS systems in terms of communication performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sixth-generation%20%286G%29" title="sixth-generation (6G)">sixth-generation (6G)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20networks" title=" wireless networks"> wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20reflecting%20surfaces" title=" intelligent reflecting surfaces"> intelligent reflecting surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794/comparative-analysis-of-single-versus-multi-irs-assisted-multi-user-wireless-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Politics and the Moderating Role of Political Skill in Public Service Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debalkie%20Demissie%20Addisu">Debalkie Demissie Addisu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejigu%20Alemu%20Abebe"> Ejigu Alemu Abebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsegay%20Tensay%20Assefa"> Tsegay Tensay Assefa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through perceptions of organizational politics moderated by political skill. This study reports the responses of 321 respondents from six federal public service organizations in Ethiopia. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was employed to select the sampled federal public service organizations. To test hypotheses, the study employed structural equation modeling using AMOS version-26 software. The result revealed that all direct effects have a significant effect. Specifically, servant leadership has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Likewise, servant leadership has a negative effect on perceptions of organizational politics. Also, a perception of organizational politics has a negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Moreover, perceptions of organizational politics competitively mediated the effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. As well, political skill moderated the effect of perceptions of organizational politics on organizational citizenship behavior but not the indirect effect. To the best of our knowledge, no one else employs perceptions of organizational politics as a mediating effect between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, we are not aware of anyone else employing political skill as a moderating role in the indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through perceptions of organizational politics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servant%20leadership" title="servant leadership">servant leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20citizenship%20behavior" title=" organizational citizenship behavior"> organizational citizenship behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptions%20of%20organizational%20politics" title=" perceptions of organizational politics"> perceptions of organizational politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20skill" title=" political skill"> political skill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20organization" title=" public service organization"> public service organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184595/servant-leadership-and-organizational-citizenship-behavior-the-mediating-role-of-perceived-organizational-politics-and-the-moderating-role-of-political-skill-in-public-service-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Survey and Identification of Coinfecting Botryosphaeriales Causing Stem Canker Diseases of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wendu%20Admasu">Wendu Admasu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assefa%20Sintayehu"> Assefa Sintayehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemu%20Gezahgne"> Alemu Gezahgne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zewdu%20Terefework"> Zewdu Terefework</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eucalyptus is the most widely planted forest tree species in the world. In Ethiopia, pathogenic fungi pose an increasing threat to Eucalyptus species. Due to limited research, there is insufficient information on the associated diseases and pathogens. This study investigated Eucalyptus diseases, the extent of their damage, and the causal fungal pathogens. A Eucalyptus disease survey was conducted in the Eucalyptus forestry areas of Ethiopia during the growth years 2019/20 and 2020/21. Disease assessment and sampling were carried out in eighteen plantations at nine locations. E. camaldulensis was the most dominant species planted in the surveyed areas. The field study shows a high incidence and severity of canker diseases. Diseased stem and branch samples were collected, cultured on malt extract agar media and studied. The results of morphological and ITS sequence analysis confirmed that the fungal species Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Aplosporella hesperidica caused the observed canker symptoms. This is the first report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Aplosporella hesperidica causing diseases in Eucalyptus plants in Ethiopia. Changes in global climate and environmental factors, such as altitude, are believed to have a strong impact on the susceptibility of Eucalyptus plants to diseases. Strict quarantine practices and continuous monitoring of pathogenic and endophytic fungal species associated with Eucalyptus trees are issued to be prioritized to effectively control and manage the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neofusicoccum" title="Neofusicoccum">Neofusicoccum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lasiodiplodia" title=" Lasiodiplodia"> Lasiodiplodia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aplosporella" title=" Aplosporella"> Aplosporella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenicity" title=" pathogenicity"> pathogenicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title=" phylogeny"> phylogeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=severity" title=" severity"> severity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179366/survey-and-identification-of-coinfecting-botryosphaeriales-causing-stem-canker-diseases-of-eucalyptus-camaldulensis-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Automatic Detection and Filtering of Negative Emotion-Bearing Contents from Social Media in Amharic Using Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derejaw%20Lake%20Melie">Derejaw Lake Melie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemu%20Kumlachew%20Tegegne"> Alemu Kumlachew Tegegne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing prevalence of social media in Ethiopia has exacerbated societal challenges by fostering the proliferation of negative emotional posts and comments. Illicit use of social media has further exacerbated divisions among the population. Addressing these issues through manual identification and aggregation of emotions from millions of users for swift decision-making poses significant challenges, particularly given the rapid growth of Amharic language usage on social platforms. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop an intelligent system capable of automatically detecting and categorizing negative emotional content into social, religious, and political categories while also filtering out toxic online content. This paper aims to leverage sentiment analysis techniques to achieve automatic detection and filtering of negative emotional content from Amharic social media texts, employing a comparative study of deep learning algorithms. The study utilized a dataset comprising 29,962 comments collected from social media platforms using comment exporter software. Data pre-processing techniques were applied to enhance data quality, followed by the implementation of deep learning methods for training, testing, and evaluation. The results showed that CNN, GRU, LSTM, and Bi-LSTM classification models achieved accuracies of 83%, 50%, 84%, and 86%, respectively. Among these models, Bi-LSTM demonstrated the highest accuracy of 86% in the experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20emotion" title="negative emotion">negative emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20detection" title=" emotion detection"> emotion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20filtering%20sentiment%20analysis" title=" social media filtering sentiment analysis"> social media filtering sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning." title=" deep learning."> deep learning.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191945/automatic-detection-and-filtering-of-negative-emotion-bearing-contents-from-social-media-in-amharic-using-sentiment-analysis-and-deep-learning-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Design and Modeling of Light Duty Trencher</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yegetaneh%20T.%20Dejenu">Yegetaneh T. Dejenu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delesa%20Kejela"> Delesa Kejela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulak%20%20Alemu"> Abdulak Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the earliest time of humankind, the trenches were used for water to flow along and for soldiers to hide in during enemy attacks. Now a day due to civilization, the needs of the human being become endless, and the living condition becomes sophisticated. The unbalance between the needs and resource obligates them to find the way to manage this condition. The attempt to use the scares resource in very efficient and effective way makes the trench an endeavor practice in the world in all countries. A trencher is a construction equipment used to dig trenches, especially for laying pipes or cables, installing drainage, irrigation, installing fencing, and in preparation for trench warfare. It is a machine used to make a ditch by cutting the soil ground and effectively used in agricultural irrigation. The most common types of trencher are wheel trencher, chain trencher, micro trencher, portable trencher. In Ethiopia people have been trenching the ditch for many purposes and the tools they are using are Pickaxe, Shovel and some are using Micro Excavators. The adverse effect of using traditional equipment is, time and energy consuming, less productive, difficult and more man power is required. Hence it is necessary to design and produce low price, and simple machine to narrow this gap. Our objective is to design and model a light duty trencher that is used for trenching the ground or soil for making ditch and used for agricultural, ground cabling, ground piping, and drainage system. The designed machine trenches, maximum of 1-meter depth, 30 cm width, and the required length. The working mechanism is fully hydraulic, and the engine with 12.7 hp will provide suitable power for the pump that delivers 23 l/min at 1500 rpm to drive hydraulic motors and actuators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title="hydraulics">hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trenching" title=" trenching"> trenching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ditch" title=" ditch"> ditch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61094/design-and-modeling-of-light-duty-trencher" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Commercialization of Smallholder Rice Producers and Its Determinants in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abebaw%20Assaye">Abebaw Assaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seiichi%20Sakurai"> Seiichi Sakurai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marutama%20Atsush"> Marutama Atsush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Alemu"> Dawit Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice is considered as a strategic agricultural commodity targeting national food security and import substitution in Ethiopia and diverse measures are put in place a number of initiatives to ensure the growth and development of rice sector in the country. This study assessed factors that influence smallholder farmers' level of rice commercialization in Ethiopia. The required data were generated from 594 randomly sampled rice producers using multi-stage sampling techniques from four major rice-producing regional states. Both descriptive and econometric methods were used to analyze the data. We adopted the ordered probit model to analyze factors determining output commercialization in the rice market. The ordered probit model result showed that the sex of the household head, educational status of the household head, credit use, proportion of irrigated land cultivated, membership in social groups, and land dedicated to rice production were found to influence significantly and positively the probability of being commercial-oriented. Conversely, the age of the household, total cultivated land, and distance to the main market were found to influence negatively. These findings suggest that promoting productivity-increasing technologies, development of irrigation facilities, strengthening of social institutions, and facilitating access to credit are crucial for enhancing the commercialization of rice in the study area. Since agricultural lands are limited, intensified farming through promoting improved rice technologies and mechanized farming could be an option to enhance marketable surplus and increase level of rice market particicpation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title="rice">rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization" title=" commercialization"> commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobit" title=" Tobit"> Tobit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20probit" title=" ordered probit"> ordered probit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168160/commercialization-of-smallholder-rice-producers-and-its-determinants-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Hematological Profiles of Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients before and after Treatment of Anti-Leishmanial Drugs at University of Gondar Leishmania Research and Treatment Center Northwest, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitsumbrhan%20Tajebe">Fitsumbrhan Tajebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadil%20Murad"> Fadil Murad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitikie%20%20Tigabie"> Mitikie Tigabie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mareye%20Abebaw"> Mareye Abebaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadele%20Alemu"> Tadele Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefanit%20Abate"> Sefanit Abate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezika%20Mohammedw"> Rezika Mohammedw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arega%20Yeshanew"> Arega Yeshanew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elias%20Shiferaw"> Elias Shiferaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Visceral leshimaniasis is a parasitic disease characterized by a systemic infection of phagocytic cells. Hematological parameters of these patients may be affected by the progress of the disease or treatment. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis patients before and after treatment. Method: An institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted among visceral leishmaniasis patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center from 2013 to 2018. Hematological profiles before initiation and after completion of treatment were extracted from registration book. Descriptive statics was presented using frequency and percentage. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed rank test were used for comparing mean difference for normally and non- normally distributed data, respectively. Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis was used to describe the correlation of hematological parameters with different variables. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Except absolute nerutrophil count, post treatment hematological parameters show a significant increment compared to pretreatment one. The prevalence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia was 85.5%, 83.4% and 75.8% prior to treatment and it was 58.3%, 38.2% and 19.2% after treatment, respectively. Moreover, parasite load of the disease showed statistically significant negative correlation with hematological profiles mainly with white blood cell and red blood cell. Conclusion: Majority of hematological profiles of patients with active VL have been restored after treatment, which might be associated with treatment effect on parasite proliferation and concentration of parasite in visceral organ, which directly affect hematological profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visceral%20leshimaniasis" title="visceral leshimaniasis">visceral leshimaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematological%20profile" title=" hematological profile"> hematological profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-leshimanial%20drug" title=" anti-leshimanial drug"> anti-leshimanial drug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gondar" title=" Gondar"> Gondar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122906/hematological-profiles-of-visceral-leishmaniasis-patients-before-and-after-treatment-of-anti-leishmanial-drugs-at-university-of-gondar-leishmania-research-and-treatment-center-northwest-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Barley Yield and Water Productivity through Field Experiment and Modeling at Koga Irrigation Scheme, Amhara Region, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bekalu%20Melis%20Alehegn">Bekalu Melis Alehegn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagnenet%20Sultan%20Alemu"> Dagnenet Sultan Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The insufficiency of water is the most severe restraint for the expansion of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. An important strategy for increasing water productivity and improving water productivity deficit irrigation at different growth stages is important to advance the yield and Water Productivity of barley in water scarce areas. A field experiment was conducted at the Koga irrigation scheme in Ethiopia to examine barley yield response to different irrigation regimes and validate the aqua crop model. The experimental setup comprised six randomized treatments (T) with three replications for one irrigation season because of financial limitations. The irrigation regimes were selected 100%, 75%, and 50% application levels in different growth stages of gross irrigation requirements using trial and error in order to select the optimal water application level. The treatments were: no stress at all (T1), 25% stressed during all crop stages (T2), 50% stressed at all stages (T3), 50% stressed at the development stage (T4), 50% stressed at mid-stage (T5) and 50% stress at initial and late season (T6). The agronomic parameters, including canopy cover, biomass, and grain yield, were collected to compare the ground-based crop yield and the aqua crop model. The results showed that the initial and late stages and stress 25% through the whole season were the right time for practice deficit irrigation without significant yield reduction. The highest (2.62kg/m³) and the lowest (2.03 kg/m³) water productivity were found under T3 and T4, respectively. The stress of 50% at the mid-growth stage and stress 50% of the full irrigation water requirement at all growth stages significantly (α=5%) affected the canopy expansion, biomass and yield production. The aqua Crop model performed well in simulating the yield of barley for most of the treatments (R2 = 0.84 and RMSE = 0.7 t ha–¹). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqua%20crop" title="aqua crop">aqua crop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barley" title=" barley"> barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deficit%20irrigation" title=" deficit irrigation"> deficit irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20regimes" title=" irrigation regimes"> irrigation regimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20productivity" title=" water productivity"> water productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189154/effect-of-deficit-irrigation-on-barley-yield-and-water-productivity-through-field-experiment-and-modeling-at-koga-irrigation-scheme-amhara-region-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Effect of Dietarty Diversity on Maternal Dietary Diversity of Anemia of the Mother during Pregnancy and Prenatal Outcomes: Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Central Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taddese%20Alemu%20Zerfu">Taddese Alemu Zerfu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melaku%20Umeta%20Deressa"> Melaku Umeta Deressa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaleab%20Baye"> Kaleab Baye </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Maternal and child under-nutrition is the underlying cause of 3•5 million annual deaths, globally. Anemia during pregnancy is among the leading nutritional disorders with serious short and long term consequences to both the mother and fetus. Objective: Examine the effect of dietary diversity on maternal anemia, nutritional status and key pregnancy outcomes of pregnancy. Methods: A prospective cohort study design, involving a total of 432 eligible pregnant women, in their second antenatal care visit was conducted between August 2014 to March, 2015. The individual dietary diversity status of mothers was used as the exposure variable to select, enroll and follow the mothers. All mothers were enrolled during second antenatal care visit and followed until delivery. Epi-data, SPSS and STATA software are used to enter and analyze the data. Chi-square test, independent 't'-test, and GLM are used to calculate risk, association and differences between key variables at P < 0.05. Results: Study participants did not differ in many of the basic characteristics (p < 0.05). The incidence of maternal anemia increased significantly from 28.6% to 32.1% between baseline and term. Pregnant mothers with inadequate dietary diversity groups had more (56% at baseline and 68% at term) risk of anemia than the comparison (adequate) groups, (RR, 1.56 and 1.68; 95% CI, 1.24 - 1.83 and 1.39 - 2.04). The overall incidence of still birth, low birth weight and pre-term birth was 4.5%, 9.1% and 13.6%, respectively. The variation of these outcomes was significant across study groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion and recommendations: Dietary diversity status of pregnant mothers has significant effect on the incidence of anemia and key pregnancy outcomes in resource limited settings, like rural Ethiopia. Therefore, apart from the ongoing routine IFA supplementation, special emphasis should be given to dietary diversity of mothers to improve related outcomes of pregnancy and maternal health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anemia" title="anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20weight" title=" birth weight"> birth weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20diversity" title=" dietary diversity"> dietary diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy%20outcome" title=" pregnancy outcome"> pregnancy outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40691/effect-of-dietarty-diversity-on-maternal-dietary-diversity-of-anemia-of-the-mother-during-pregnancy-and-prenatal-outcomes-prospective-cohort-study-in-rural-central-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Non-Conformance Clearance through an Intensified Mentorship towards ISO 15189 Accreditation: The Case of Jimma and Hawassa Hospital Microbiology Laboratories, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Assefa">Dawit Assefa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kassaye%20Tekie"> Kassaye Tekie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebrie%20Alebachew"> Gebrie Alebachew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Degefu%20Beyene"> Degefu Beyene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikila%20Alemu"> Bikila Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naji%20Mohammed"> Naji Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asnakech%20Agegnehu"> Asnakech Agegnehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seble%20Tsehay"> Seble Tsehay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geremew%20Tasew"> Geremew Tasew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Implementation of a Laboratory Quality Management System (LQMS) is critical to ensure accurate, reliable, and efficient laboratory testing of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, limited LQMS implementation and progress toward accreditation in the AMR surveillance laboratory testing setting exist in Ethiopia. By addressing non-conformances (NCs) and working towards accreditation, microbiology laboratories can improve the quality of their services, increase staff competence, and contribute to mitigate the spread of AMR. Methods: Using standard ISO 15189 horizontal and vertical assessment checklists, certified assessors identified NCs at Hawassa and Jimma Hospital microbiology laboratories. The Ethiopian Public Health Institute AMR mentors and IDDS staff prioritized closing the NCs through the implementation of an intensified mentorship program that included ISO 15189 orientation training, resource allocation, and action plan development. Results: For the two facilities to clear their NCs, an intensified mentorship approach was adopted by providing ISO 15189 orientation training, provision of buffer reagents, controls, standards, and axillary equipment, and facilitating equipment maintenance and calibration. Method verification and competency assessment were also conducted along with the implementation of standard operating procedures and recommended corrective actions. This approach enhanced the laboratory's readiness for accreditation. After addressing their NCs, the two laboratories applied to Ethiopian Accreditation Services for ISO 15189 accreditation. Conclusions: Clearing NCs through the implementation of intensified mentorship was crucial in preparing the two laboratories for accreditation and improving quality laboratory test results. This approach can guide other microbiology laboratories’ accreditation attainment efforts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conformance%20clearance" title="non-conformance clearance">non-conformance clearance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensified%20mentorship" title=" intensified mentorship"> intensified mentorship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accreditation" title=" accreditation"> accreditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2015189" title=" ISO 15189"> ISO 15189</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179374/non-conformance-clearance-through-an-intensified-mentorship-towards-iso-15189-accreditation-the-case-of-jimma-and-hawassa-hospital-microbiology-laboratories-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children Aged 6-59 Months at Hidabu Abote District, North Shewa, Oromia Regional State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kebede%20Mengistu">Kebede Mengistu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kassahun%20Alemu"> Kassahun Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikes%20Destaw"> Bikes Destaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. It is the most important risk factor for the burden of diseases. It causes about 300, 000 deaths per year and responsible for more than half of all deaths in children. In Ethiopia, child malnutrition rate is one of the most serious public health problem and the highest in the world. High malnutrition rates in the country pose a significant obstacle to achieving better child health outcomes. Objective: To assess prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months at Hidabu Abote district, North shewa, Oromia. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 820 children aged 6-59 months from September 8-23, 2012 at Hidabu Abote district. Multistage sampling method was used to select households. Children were selected from each kebeles by simple random sampling. Anthropometric measurements and structured questioners were used. Data was processed using EPi-info soft ware and exported to SPSS for analysis. Then after, sex, age, months, height, and weight transferred with HHs number to ENA for SMART 2007software to convert nutritional data into Z-scores of the indices; H/A, W/H and W/A. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors of malnutrition. Results: The analysis this study revealed that, 47.6%, 30.9% and 16.7% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. The main associated factors of stunting were found to be child age, family monthly income, children were received butter as pre-lacteal feeding and family planning. Underweight was associated with number of children HHs and children were received butter as per-lacteal feeding but un treatment of water in HHs only associated with wasting. Conclusion and recommendation: From the findings of this study, it is concluded that malnutrition is still an important problem among children aged 6-59 months. Therefore, especial attention should be given on intervention of malnutrition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidabu%20Abote%20district" title=" Hidabu Abote district"> Hidabu Abote district</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malnutrition" title=" malnutrition"> malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29008/prevalence-of-malnutrition-and-associated-factors-among-children-aged-6-59-months-at-hidabu-abote-district-north-shewa-oromia-regional-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> A Conceptual Framework for Knowledge Integration in Agricultural Knowledge Management System Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejen%20Alemu">Dejen Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murray%20E.%20Jennex"> Murray E. Jennex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temtim%20Assefa"> Temtim Assefa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture is the mainstay of the Ethiopian economy; however, the sector is dominated by smallholder farmers resulting in land fragmentation and suffering from low productivity. Due to these issues, much effort has been put into the transformation of the sector to bring about more sustainable rural economic development. Technological advancements have been applied for the betterment of farmers resulting in the design of tools that are potentially capable of supporting the agricultural sector; however, their use and relevance are still alien to the local rural communities. The notion of the creating, capturing and sharing of knowledge has also been repetitively raised by many international donor agencies to transform the sector, yet the most current approaches to knowledge dissemination focus on knowledge that originates from the western view of scientific rationality while overlooking the role of indigenous knowledge (IK). Therefore, in agricultural knowledge management system (KMS) development, the integration of IKS with scientific knowledge is a critical success factor. The present study aims to contribute in the discourse on how to best integrate scientific and IK in agricultural KMS development. The conceptual framework of the research is anchored in concepts drawn from the theory of situated learning in communities of practice (CoPs): knowledge brokering. Using the KMS development practices of Ethiopian agricultural transformation agency as a case area, this research employed an interpretive analysis using primary and secondary qualitative data acquired through in-depth semi-structured interviews and participatory observations. As a result, concepts are identified for understanding the integration of the two major knowledge systems (i.e., indigenous and scientific knowledge) and participation of relevant stakeholders in particular the local farmers in agricultural KMS development through the roles of extension agent as a knowledge broker including crossing boundaries, in-between position, translation and interpretation, negotiation, and networking. The research shall have a theoretical contribution in addressing the incorporation of a variety of knowledge systems in agriculture and practically to provide insight for policy makers in agriculture regarding the importance of IK integration in agricultural KMS development and support marginalized small-scale farmers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities%20of%20practice" title="communities of practice">communities of practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20knowledge" title=" indigenous knowledge"> indigenous knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management%20system%20development" title=" knowledge management system development"> knowledge management system development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20brokering" title=" knowledge brokering"> knowledge brokering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67900/a-conceptual-framework-for-knowledge-integration-in-agricultural-knowledge-management-system-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions in Preventing Postpartum Depression among Teenage Mothers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lebeza%20Alemu%20Tenaw">Lebeza Alemu Tenaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Wan%20Ngai"> Fei Wan Ngai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Postpartum depression is the most common mental health disorder that occurs after childbirth, and it is more prevalent among teenage mothers compared to adults. Although there is emerging evidence suggesting psychosocial interventions can decrease postpartum depression, there are no consistent findings regarding the effectiveness of these interventions, especially for teenage mothers. The current review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in preventing postpartum depression among teenage mothers. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) manual was implemented to select articles from online databases. The articles were searched using the Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) model. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias assessment tool. The statistical analyses were performed using Stata 17, and the effect size was estimated using the standard mean difference score of depression between the intervention and control groups. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed through the I2 statistic and Q statistic, while the publication bias was evaluated using the asymmetry of the funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: In this systematic review, a total of nine articles were included. While psychosocial interventions demonstrated in reducing the risk of postpartum depression compared to usual maternal care, it is important to note that the mean difference score of depression was significant in only three of the included studies. The overall meta-analysis finding revealed that psychosocial interventions were effective in preventing postpartum depression, with a pooled effect size of -0.5 (95% CI: -0.95, -0.06) during the final time postpartum depression assessment. The heterogeneity level was found to be substantial, with an I2 value of 82.3%. However, no publication bias was observed. Conclusion: The review findings suggest that psychosocial interventions initiated during the late antenatal and early postnatal periods effectively prevent postpartum depression. The interventions were found to be more beneficial during the first three months of the postpartum period. However, this review also highlighted that there is a scarcity of interventional studies conducted in low-income countries, indicating the need for further studies in diverse communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teenage%20pregnancy" title="teenage pregnancy">teenage pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postpartum%20depression" title=" postpartum depression"> postpartum depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182344/effectiveness-of-psychosocial-interventions-in-preventing-postpartum-depression-among-teenage-mothers-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Determinants among Pregnant Women in East Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bantie%20Getnet%20Yirsaw">Bantie Getnet Yirsaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muluken%20Chanie%20Agimas"> Muluken Chanie Agimas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebrie%20Getu%20Alemu"> Gebrie Getu Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tigabu%20Kidie%20Tesfie"> Tigabu Kidie Tesfie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebiyu%20Mekonnen%20Derseh"> Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habtamu%20Wagnew%20Abuhay"> Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meron%20Asmamaw%20Alemayehu"> Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getaneh%20Awoke%20Yismaw"> Getaneh Awoke Yismaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major public health problems globally and needs an urgent response. It is one of the most responsible causes of mortality among the five hepatitis viruses, and it affects almost every class of individuals. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence and its determinants among pregnant women in East Africa. Methods: We searched studies using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and grey literature that were published between January 01/2020 to January 30/2024. The studies were assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment scale. The random-effect (DerSimonian) model was used to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HBV among pregnant women. Heterogeneity was assessed by I² statistic, sub-group analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test, and the analysis was done using STATA version 17. Result: A total of 45 studies with 35639 pregnant women were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of HBV among pregnant women in East Africa was 6.0% (95% CI: 6.0%−7.0%, I² = 89.7%). The highest prevalence of 8% ((95% CI: 6%, 10%), I² = 91.08%) was seen in 2021, and the lowest prevalence of 5% ((95% CI: 4%, 6%) I² = 52.52%) was observed in 2022. A pooled meta-analysis showed that history of surgical procedure (OR = 2.14 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.61)), having multiple sexual partners (OR = 3.87 (95% CI: 2.52, 5.95), history of body tattooing (OR = 2.55 (95% CI: 1.62, 4.01)), history of tooth extraction (OR = 2.09 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.39)), abortion history(OR = 2.20(95% CI: 1.38, 3.50)), history of sharing sharp material (OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.31)), blood transfusion (OR = 2.41 (95% CI: 1.62, 3.57)), family history of HBV (OR = 4.87 (95% CI: 2.95, 8.05)) and history needle injury (OR = 2.62 (95% CI: 1.20, 5.72)) were significant risk factors associated with HBV infection among pregnant women. Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in East Africa was at an intermediate level and different across countries, ranging from 1.5% to 22.2%. The result of this pooled prevalence was an indication of the need for screening, prevention, and control of HBV infection among pregnant women in the region. Therefore, early identification of risk factors, awareness creation of the mode of transmission of HBV, and implementation of preventive measures are essential in reducing the burden of HBV infection among pregnant women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B%20virus" title="hepatitis B virus">hepatitis B virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determinants" title=" determinants"> determinants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnant%20women" title=" pregnant women"> pregnant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East%20Africa" title=" East Africa"> East Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187484/prevalence-of-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-and-its-determinants-among-pregnant-women-in-east-africa-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Agricultural Knowledge Management System Design, Use, and Consequence for Knowledge Sharing and Integration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejen%20Alemu">Dejen Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murray%20E.%20Jennex"> Murray E. Jennex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temtim%20Assefa"> Temtim Assefa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is investigated to understand the design, the use, and the consequence of Knowledge Management System (KMS) for knowledge systems sharing and integration. A KMS for knowledge systems sharing and integration is designed to meet the challenges raised by knowledge management researchers and practitioners: the technical, the human, and social factors. Agricultural KMS involves various members coming from different Communities of Practice (CoPs) who possess their own knowledge of multiple practices which need to be combined in the system development. However, the current development of the technology ignored the indigenous knowledge of the local communities, which is the key success factor for agriculture. This research employed the multi-methodological approach to KMS research in action research perspective which consists of four strategies: theory building, experimentation, observation, and system development. Using the KMS development practice of Ethiopian agricultural transformation agency as a case study, this research employed an interpretive analysis using primary qualitative data acquired through in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The Orlikowski's structuration model of technology has been used to understand the design, the use, and the consequence of the KMS. As a result, the research identified three basic components for the architecture of the shared KMS, namely, the people, the resources, and the implementation subsystems. The KMS were developed using web 2.0 tools to promote knowledge sharing and integration among diverse groups of users in a distributed environment. The use of a shared KMS allows users to access diverse knowledge from a number of users in different groups of participants, enhances the exchange of different forms of knowledge and experience, and creates high interaction and collaboration among participants. The consequences of a shared KMS on the social system includes, the elimination of hierarchical structure, enhance participation, collaboration, and negotiation among users from different CoPs having common interest, knowledge and skill development, integration of diverse knowledge resources, and the requirement of policy and guideline. The research contributes methodologically for the application of system development action research for understanding a conceptual framework for KMS development and use. The research have also theoretical contribution in extending structuration model of technology for the incorporation of variety of knowledge and practical implications to provide management understanding in developing strategies for the potential of web 2.0 tools for sharing and integration of indigenous knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities%20of%20practice" title="communities of practice">communities of practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20knowledge" title=" indigenous knowledge"> indigenous knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structuration%20model%20of%20technology" title=" structuration model of technology"> structuration model of technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Web%202.0%20tools" title=" Web 2.0 tools"> Web 2.0 tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69312/agricultural-knowledge-management-system-design-use-and-consequence-for-knowledge-sharing-and-integration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Interlinkages and Impacts of the Indian Ocean on the Nile River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeleke%20Ayalew%20Alemu">Zeleke Ayalew Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indian Ocean and the Nile River play significant roles in shaping the hydrological and ecological systems of the regions they traverse. This study explores the interlinkages and impacts of the Indian Ocean on the Nile River, highlighting key factors such as water flow, nutrient distribution, climate patterns, and biodiversity. The Indian Ocean serves as a major source of moisture for the Nile River, contributing to its annual flood cycle and sustaining the river's ecosystem. The Indian Ocean's monsoon winds influence the amount of rainfall received in East Africa, which directly impacts the Nile's water levels. These monsoonal patterns create a vital connection between the Indian Ocean and the Nile, affecting agricultural productivity, freshwater availability, and overall river health. The Indian Ocean also influences the nutrient levels in the Nile River. Coastal upwelling driven by oceanic currents brings nutrient-rich waters from the depths of the ocean to the surface. These nutrients are transported by ocean currents towards the Red Sea and subsequently enter the Nile. This influx of nutrients supports the growth of plankton, which forms the basis of the river's food web and sustains various aquatic species. Additionally, the Indian Ocean's climate patterns, such as El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole events, exert influence on the Nile River basin. El Niño, for example, can result in drought conditions, reduced precipitation, and altered river flows, impacting agricultural activities and water resource management along the Nile. The Indian Ocean Dipole events can influence the rainfall distribution in East Africa, further impacting the Nile's water levels and ecosystem dynamics. The Indian Ocean's biodiversity is interconnected with the Nile River's ecological system. Many species that inhabit the Indian Ocean, such as migratory birds and marine mammals, migrate along the Nile River basin, utilizing its resources for feeding and breeding purposes. The health of the Indian Ocean's ecosystem thus indirectly affects the biodiversity and ecological balance of the Nile River. Indian Ocean plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of the Nile River. Its influence on water flow, nutrient distribution, climate patterns, and biodiversity highlights the complex interdependencies between these two important water bodies. Understanding the interconnectedness and impacts of the Indian Ocean on the Nile is essential for effective water resource management and conservation efforts in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title="water">water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172825/interlinkages-and-impacts-of-the-indian-ocean-on-the-nile-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Machine Learning Model to Predict TB Bacteria-Resistant Drugs from TB Isolates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20Tsegaye%20Aga">Rosa Tsegaye Aga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Jiang"> Xuan Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Vazquez%20Faci"> Pavel Vazquez Faci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siqing%20Liu"> Siqing Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Rayner"> Simon Rayner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endalkachew%20Alemu"> Endalkachew Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markos%0D%0AAbebe"> Markos Abebe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of disease globally. In most cases, TB is treatable and curable, but only with the proper treatment. There is a time when drug-resistant TB occurs when bacteria become resistant to the drugs that are used to treat TB. Current strategies to identify drug-resistant TB bacteria are laboratory-based, and it takes a longer time to identify the drug-resistant bacteria and treat the patient accordingly. But machine learning (ML) and data science approaches can offer new approaches to the problem. In this study, we propose to develop an ML-based model to predict the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of TB isolates in minutes and give the right treatment to the patient immediately. The study has been using the whole genome sequence (WGS) of TB isolates as training data that have been extracted from the NCBI repository and contain different countries’ samples to build the ML models. The reason that different countries’ samples have been included is to generalize the large group of TB isolates from different regions in the world. This supports the model to train different behaviors of the TB bacteria and makes the model robust. The model training has been considering three pieces of information that have been extracted from the WGS data to train the model. These are all variants that have been found within the candidate genes (F1), predetermined resistance-associated variants (F2), and only resistance-associated gene information for the particular drug. Two major datasets have been constructed using these three information. F1 and F2 information have been considered as two independent datasets, and the third information is used as a class to label the two datasets. Five machine learning algorithms have been considered to train the model. These are Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random forest (RF), Logistic regression (LR), Gradient Boosting, and Ada boost algorithms. The models have been trained on the datasets F1, F2, and F1F2 that is the F1 and the F2 dataset merged. Additionally, an ensemble approach has been used to train the model. The ensemble approach has been considered to run F1 and F2 datasets on gradient boosting algorithm and use the output as one dataset that is called F1F2 ensemble dataset and train a model using this dataset on the five algorithms. As the experiment shows, the ensemble approach model that has been trained on the Gradient Boosting algorithm outperformed the rest of the models. In conclusion, this study suggests the ensemble approach, that is, the RF + Gradient boosting model, to predict the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of TB isolates by outperforming the rest of the models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTB" title=" MTB"> MTB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WGS" title=" WGS"> WGS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20resistant%20TB" title=" drug resistant TB"> drug resistant TB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181519/machine-learning-model-to-predict-tb-bacteria-resistant-drugs-from-tb-isolates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Tax Administration Constraints: The Case of Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeleke%20Ayalew%20Alemu">Zeleke Ayalew Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate tax administration constraints in Addis Ababa with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises by identifying issues and constraints in tax administration and assessment. The study identifies problems associated with taxpayers and tax-collecting authorities in the city. The research used qualitative and quantitative research designs and employed questionnaires, focus group discussion and key informant interviews for primary data collection and also used secondary data from different sources. The study identified many constraints that taxpayers are facing. Among others, tax administration offices’ inefficiency, reluctance to respond to taxpayers’ questions, limited tax assessment and administration knowledge and skills, and corruption and unethical practices are the major ones. Besides, the tax laws and regulations are complex and not enforced equally and fully on all taxpayers, causing a prevalence of business entities not paying taxes. This apparently results in an uneven playing field. Consequently, the tax system at present is neither fair nor transparent and increases compliance costs. In case of dispute, the appeal process is excessively long and the tax authority’s decision is irreversible. The Value Added Tax (VAT) administration and compliance system is not well designed, and VAT has created economic distortion among VAT-registered and non-registered taxpayers. Cash registration machine administration and the reporting system are big headaches for taxpayers. With regard to taxpayers, there is a lack of awareness of tax laws and documentation. Based on the above and other findings, the study forwarded recommendations, such as, ensuring fairness and transparency in tax collection and administration, enhancing the efficiency of tax authorities by use of modern technologies and upgrading human resources, conducting extensive awareness creation programs, and enforcing tax laws in a fair and equitable manner. The objective of this study is to assess problems, weaknesses and limitations of small and medium-sized enterprise taxpayers, tax authority administrations, and laws as sources of inefficiency and dissatisfaction to forward recommendations that bring about efficient, fair and transparent tax administration. The entire study has been conducted in a participatory and process-oriented manner by involving all partners and stakeholders at all levels. Accordingly, the researcher used participatory assessment methods in generating both secondary and primary data as well as both qualitative and quantitative data on the field. The research team held FGDs with 21 people from Addis Ababa City Administration tax offices and selected medium and small taxpayers. The study team also interviewed 10 KIIs selected from the various segments of stakeholders. The lead, along with research assistants, handled the KIIs using a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxation" title="taxation">taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20system" title=" tax system"> tax system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20administration" title=" tax administration"> tax administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium%20enterprises" title=" small and medium enterprises"> small and medium enterprises</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173042/tax-administration-constraints-the-case-of-small-and-medium-size-enterprises-in-addis-ababa-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Knowledge and Attitude Towards Strabismus Among Adult Residents in Woreta Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henok%20Biruk%20Alemayehu">Henok Biruk Alemayehu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalkidan%20Berhane%20Tsegaye"> Kalkidan Berhane Tsegaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fozia%20Seid%20Ali"> Fozia Seid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nebiyat%20Feleke%20Adimassu"> Nebiyat Feleke Adimassu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getasew%20Alemu%20Mersha"> Getasew Alemu Mersha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Strabismus is a visual disorder where the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions. Untreated strabismus can lead to amblyopia, loss of binocular vision, and social stigma due to its appearance. Since it is assumed that knowledge is pertinent for early screening and prevention of strabismus, the main objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes toward strabismus in Woreta town, Northwest Ethiopia. Providing data in this area is important for planning health policies. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was done in Woreta town from April–May 2020. The sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula by taking a 50% proportion of good knowledge, 95% confidence level, 5% margin of errors, and 10% non- response rate. Accordingly, the final computed sample size was 424. All four kebeles were included in the study. There were 42,595 people in total, with 39,684 adults and 9229 house holds. A sample fraction ’’k’’ was obtained by dividing the number of the household by the calculated sample size of 424. Systematic random sampling with proportional allocation was used to select the participating households with a sampling fraction (K) of 21 i.e. each household was approached in every 21 households included in the study. One individual was selected ran- domly from each household with more than one adult, using the lottery method to obtain a final sample size. The data was collected through a face-to-face interview with a pretested and semi-structured questionnaire which was translated from English to Amharic and back to English to maintain its consistency. Data were entered using epi-data version 3.1, then processed and analyzed via SPSS version- 20. Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed to summarize the data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: A total of 401 individuals aged over 18 years participated, with a response rate of 94.5%. Of those who responded, 56.6% were males. Of all the participants, 36.9% were illiterate. The proportion of people with poor knowledge of strabismus was 45.1%. It was shown that 53.9% of the respondents had a favorable attitude. Older age, higher educational level, having a history of eye examination, and a having a family history of strabismus were significantly associated with good knowledge of strabismus. A higher educational level, older age, and hearing about strabismus were significantly associated with a favorable attitude toward strabismus. Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of good knowledge and favorable attitude towards strabismus were lower than previously reported in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. There is a need to provide health education and promotion campaigns on strabismus to the community: what strabismus is, its’ possible treatments and the need to bring children to the eye care center for early diagnosis and treatment. it advocate for prospective research endeavors to employ qualitative study design.Additionally, it suggest the exploration of studies that investigate causal-effect relationship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strabismus" title="strabismus">strabismus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woreta" title=" Woreta"> Woreta</a> </p> <a 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