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id="toc-Yangtze_Memory_Technologies_Corp_(YMTC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ChangXin_Memory_Technologies_(CXMT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ChangXin_Memory_Technologies_(CXMT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>ChangXin Memory Technologies (CXMT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ChangXin_Memory_Technologies_(CXMT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hangzhou_Silan_Microelectronics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hangzhou_Silan_Microelectronics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Hangzhou Silan Microelectronics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hangzhou_Silan_Microelectronics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Other companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pure-play_foundries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pure-play_foundries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pure-play foundries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pure-play_foundries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation_(SMIC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation_(SMIC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation_(SMIC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hua_Hong_Semiconductor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hua_Hong_Semiconductor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Hua Hong Semiconductor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hua_Hong_Semiconductor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_companies_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_companies_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Other companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_companies_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabless_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabless_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Fabless companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabless_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-HiSilicon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HiSilicon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>HiSilicon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HiSilicon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hygon_Information_Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hygon_Information_Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Hygon Information Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hygon_Information_Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loongson_Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loongson_Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Loongson Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loongson_Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNISOC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNISOC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>UNISOC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNISOC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Will_Semiconductor_(OmniVision_Group)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Will_Semiconductor_(OmniVision_Group)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>Will Semiconductor (OmniVision Group)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Will_Semiconductor_(OmniVision_Group)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zhaoxin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zhaoxin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.6</span> <span>Zhaoxin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zhaoxin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_companies_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_companies_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.7</span> <span>Other companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_companies_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outsourced_Semiconductor_Assembly_and_Test_(OSAT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outsourced_Semiconductor_Assembly_and_Test_(OSAT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outsourced_Semiconductor_Assembly_and_Test_(OSAT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-JCET" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JCET"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>JCET</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JCET-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_companies_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_companies_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Other companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_companies_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semiconductor_equipment_manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semiconductor_equipment_manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Semiconductor equipment manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semiconductor_equipment_manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advanced_Micro-Fabrication_Equipment_(AMEC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_Micro-Fabrication_Equipment_(AMEC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment (AMEC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_Micro-Fabrication_Equipment_(AMEC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NAURA_Technology_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NAURA_Technology_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>NAURA Technology Group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NAURA_Technology_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shanghai_Micro_Electronics_Equipment_(SMEE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shanghai_Micro_Electronics_Equipment_(SMEE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.3</span> <span>Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment (SMEE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shanghai_Micro_Electronics_Equipment_(SMEE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_Electronics_Technology_Group_Corporation_(CETC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_Electronics_Technology_Group_Corporation_(CETC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.4</span> <span>China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_Electronics_Technology_Group_Corporation_(CETC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_companies_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_companies_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.5</span> <span>Other companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_companies_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Other developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Huawei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Huawei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Huawei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Huawei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the major semiconductor manufacturing company in the Republic of China (Taiwan), see <a href="/wiki/TSMC" title="TSMC">TSMC</a>.</div> <p>The <b>Chinese semiconductor industry</b>, including <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> design and manufacturing, forms a major part of mainland China's <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> industry. </p><p>China's semiconductor industry consists of a wide variety of companies, from <a href="/wiki/Integrated_device_manufacturer" title="Integrated device manufacturer">integrated device manufacturers</a> to <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_fabrication_plant" title="Semiconductor fabrication plant">pure-play foundries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor companies</a> and OSAT companies. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_device_manufacturer" title="Integrated device manufacturer">Integrated device manufacturers</a> (IDMs) design and manufacture integrated circuits. <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_fabrication_plant" title="Semiconductor fabrication plant">Pure-play foundries</a> only manufacture devices for other companies, without designing them, while <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor companies</a> only design devices. Examples of Chinese IDMs are <a href="/wiki/YMTC" class="mw-redirect" title="YMTC">YMTC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Changxin_Memory_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Changxin Memory Technologies">CXMT</a>, examples of Chinese pure-play foundries are <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation" title="Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation">SMIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hua_Hong_Semiconductor" title="Hua Hong Semiconductor">Hua Hong Semiconductor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wingtech" title="Wingtech">Wingtech</a>, examples of Chinese fabless companies are <a href="/wiki/Zhaoxin" title="Zhaoxin">Zhaoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/HiSilicon" title="HiSilicon">HiSilicon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loongson" title="Loongson">Loongson</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNISOC" title="UNISOC">UNISOC</a>, and examples of Chinese OSAT companies are <a href="/wiki/JCET_(company)" title="JCET (company)">JCET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huatian_Technology" title="Huatian Technology">Huatian Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tongfu_Microelectronics" title="Tongfu Microelectronics">Tongfu Microelectronics</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China is currently the world's largest semiconductor market in terms of consumption. In 2020, China represented 53.7% of worldwide chip sales, or $239.45 billion out of $446.1 billion. However, a large percentage are imported from multinational suppliers. In 2020, imports took up over 83% ($199.7 billion) of total chip sales. In response, the country launched a number of initiatives to reduce its reliance on foreign companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:Zhang_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Zhang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 274">: 274 </span></sup> To reduce reliance on foreign semiconductor companies, CICF pools resources from state investors including the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(China)" title="Ministry of Finance (China)">Ministry of Finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Tobacco" title="China Tobacco">China Tobacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Zhang_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Zhang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 274">: 274 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the country announced a <a href="/wiki/Made_in_China_2025" title="Made in China 2025">Made in China 2025</a> goal of 70% domestic production.<sup id="cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semiengineering1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-semianalysis1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semianalysis1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China leads the world in terms of number of new <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_fabrication_plant" title="Semiconductor fabrication plant">fabs</a> under construction, with 8 out of 19 worldwide in 2021. A total of 17 fabs were expected to start construction between 2021 and 2023. Total installed capacity of Chinese-owned chipmakers was also set to increase from 2.96 million wafers per month (wpm) in 2020 to 3.57 million wpm in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semiengineering1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet-style_system_of_industry">Soviet-style system of industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soviet-style system of industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The semiconductor industry in China began between a period in 1956, along with the country's first transistor produced in a state lab. In 1965, China created their first integrated circuit. From 1956 to 1990, the industry followed a Soviet-style system of industrial organization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey20193_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey20193-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China's <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> prioritized semiconductor technology in its "Outline for Science and Technology Development, 1956–1967," leading to the establishment of semiconductor-related degree programs in five major universities. The Huajing Group's Wuxi Factory No. 742, operational from 1960, played a crucial role in training industry experts and supporting subsequent industrial strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201910_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201910-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-1960s through the late 1960s, China began a <a class="mw-selflink selflink">semiconductor</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-:Mullaney_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Mullaney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 101">: 101 </span></sup> </p><p>During the 1970s, China's semiconductor industry operated with research conducted in state labs and manufacturing in separate state-owned factories, hindering technology transfer. Most of the approximately 40 factories focused on producing basic diodes and transistors rather than integrated circuits (ICs). The <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> from 1965 to 1975 further disrupted industry progress. However by 1972, China was producing <a href="/wiki/Third_generation_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Third generation computer">third-generation computers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Mullaney_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Mullaney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 101">: 101 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>'s economic reforms starting in 1978 initiated significant changes. By the early 1980s, under the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_five-year_plan" title="Sixth five-year plan">sixth Five-Year Plan</a> (1981-1985), the State Council formed a "Computer and Large Scale IC Lead Group" to modernize the industry. Despite importing 24 secondhand semiconductor lines by 1985, only the Wuxi Factory No. 742 met production targets. Efforts then narrowed to focus on five key firms, but cumulative setbacks left the industry lagging behind global leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201910_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201910-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_20th_century">End of the 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: End of the 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s, China adopted a strategy of concentrating resources on a few large firms to foster partnerships with foreign companies, aiming to accelerate technological advancement.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initiatives included joint ventures with <a href="/wiki/Nortel" title="Nortel">Nortel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ITT_Inc." title="ITT Inc.">ITT</a> starting in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The <a href="/wiki/8th_Five-Year_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Five-Year Plan">eighth Five-Year Plan</a> (1991-1995) focused on developing Huajing (operator of Wuxi Factory No. 742) into a leading integrated device manufacturer (IDM),<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supported by significant funding and a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Lucent_Technologies" title="Lucent Technologies">Lucent Technologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, delays in implementation resulted in outdated manufacturing technologies and slower market entry. The ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) introduced Project 909, aiming for a domestic firm, <a href="/wiki/Hua_Hong_Semiconductor" title="Hua Hong Semiconductor">Huahong</a>, to produce internationally competitive chips using Chinese intellectual property and engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Huahong successfully partnered with NEC to enter production promptly, reliance on Japanese expertise limited knowledge transfer. Economic downturns in the global DRAM market by 2002 led to significant financial losses for Huahong, prompting changes in its partnership and operational strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/China_Integrated_Circuit_Industry_Investment_Fund" title="China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund">China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund</a> was established in an effort to reduce dependence on foreign <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:Zhang2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Zhang2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 274">: 274 </span></sup> In addition to the China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund, many other <a href="/wiki/China_Government_Guidance_Fund" title="China Government Guidance Fund">China government guidance funds</a> also frequently invest in companies in the semiconductor industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:622_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:622-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 164–167">: 164–167 </span></sup> </p><p>Due to the rapid pace of Chinese semiconductor industry advances, on 7 October 2022, the U.S. government announced a major set of export restrictions toward China, with a focus on artificial Intelligence and semiconductor technologies, with the aim of disrupting the development of China's semiconductor industry.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2023, these export controls were made multilateral with an agreement between the governments of the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between October 2022 and May 2023, China's government responded with a diverse set of measures, including filing a suit in the World Trade Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 December 2023, China prohibited the use of CPUs made by US companies Intel and AMD for Chinese government PCs and servers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country instead approved 18 processors made by Chinese companies <a href="/wiki/Loongson" title="Loongson">Loongson</a> and <a href="/wiki/FeiTeng" title="FeiTeng">Phytium</a>. State-owned companies were also instructed to transition towards Chinese hardware by 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ban was part of China's strategy to rely more on its domestically designed options in response to US sanctions and export controls. </p><p>On 15th September 2024, China announced significant advancements in its domestic semiconductor industry, promoting two new deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography machines. One of the machines operates at a wavelength of 193nm with a resolution below 65nm and an overlay accuracy below 8nm. The second machine has a wavelength of 248nm, with 110nm resolution and 25nm overlay accuracy. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_companies">Foreign companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_semiconductor_fabrication_plants" title="List of semiconductor fabrication plants">List of semiconductor fabrication plants</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Foundry">Samsung</a>, who is currently the world's largest producer of NAND flash memory, has two plants in <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a> which accounts for 42.5% percent of its total production capacity, and 15.3% of worldwide NAND production capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the company's largest overseas investment in chip production with an initial cost of $7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_companies">Domestic companies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Domestic companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integrated_Device_Manufacturers_(IDMs)"><span id="Integrated_Device_Manufacturers_.28IDMs.29"></span>Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yangtze_Memory_Technologies_Corp_(YMTC)"><span id="Yangtze_Memory_Technologies_Corp_.28YMTC.29"></span>Yangtze Memory Technologies Corp (YMTC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Yangtze Memory Technologies Corp (YMTC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Memory_Technologies" title="Yangtze Memory Technologies">Yangtze Memory Technologies</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Memory_Technologies" title="Yangtze Memory Technologies">Yangtze Memory Technologies</a> Corp (YMTC) is a Chinese semiconductor <a href="/wiki/Integrated_device_manufacturer" title="Integrated device manufacturer">integrated device manufacturer</a> specializing in <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> (NAND) chips. Founded in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China in 2016, the company received backing from <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_Unigroup" title="Tsinghua Unigroup">Tsinghua Unigroup</a>. Prior to YMTC, China had no company capable of producing flash memory. Its consumer products are marketed under the brand Zhitai. </p><p>In 2020, YMTC was using a 20 nm process to make 64-layer 3D NAND flash.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, the company unveiled its first 128 layers vertical NAND chip, then the most advanced layer count in mass production, based on XTacking architecture, which then entered production.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, YMTC was producing around 80,000 wafers per month, with plans to expand its first plant to reach 100,000 wpm capacity by 2022;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this would have given the company around 6-8% of global market share.<sup id="cite_ref-semianalysis1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semianalysis1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ChangXin_Memory_Technologies_(CXMT)"><span id="ChangXin_Memory_Technologies_.28CXMT.29"></span>ChangXin Memory Technologies (CXMT)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: ChangXin Memory Technologies (CXMT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Changxin_Memory_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Changxin Memory Technologies">Changxin Memory Technologies</a></div> <p>ChangXin Memory Technologies (CXMT) is a Chinese semiconductor <a href="/wiki/Integrated_device_manufacturer" title="Integrated device manufacturer">integrated device manufacturer</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> specializing in the production of <a href="/wiki/DRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="DRAM">DRAM</a> memory. As of 2020, ChangXin can manufacture LPDDR4 and DDR4 RAM on a 19 nm process with a capacity of 40,000 wafers per month.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company plans to increase output to 120,000 wpm and launch 17 nm (LP)DDR5 by end of 2022, with a target total capacity of 300,000 wpm in the mid-long term.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hangzhou_Silan_Microelectronics">Hangzhou Silan Microelectronics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hangzhou Silan Microelectronics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Silan_Microelectronics" title="Hangzhou Silan Microelectronics">Hangzhou Silan Microelectronics</a></div> <p>Hangzhou Silan Microelectronics is a Chinese semiconductor company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>. The company focuses on the design of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (IC) chip and the manufacturing of semiconductor microelectronics-related products. It is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Integrated_device_manufacturer" title="Integrated device manufacturer">integrated device manufacturers</a> (IDM) in China.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_companies">Other companies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silergy" title="Silergy">Silergy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pure-play_foundries">Pure-play foundries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pure-play foundries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation_(SMIC)"><span id="Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation_.28SMIC.29"></span>Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation" title="Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation">Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation" title="Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation">Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation</a> (SMIC) is a partially state-owned publicly listed Chinese <a href="/wiki/Pure-play_semiconductor_foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure-play semiconductor foundry">pure-play</a> <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductor foundry">semiconductor foundry</a> company.<sup id="cite_ref-SMIC_Financial_Times_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIC_Financial_Times-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMIC_Forbes_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIC_Forbes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest contract chip maker in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">mainland China</a> and 5th largest globally, with a market share of 5.3% in the second quarter of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semiengineering1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMIC_Connecticut_Post_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIC_Connecticut_Post-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMIC_Reuters_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIC_Reuters-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SMIC is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup id="cite_ref-SMIC_Nikkei_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIC_Nikkei-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and incorporated in the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SMIC_Nasdaq_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIC_Nasdaq-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has <a href="/wiki/Wafer_fabrication" title="Wafer fabrication">wafer fabrication</a> sites throughout mainland China, offices in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and a representative office in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SMIC_Contact_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMIC_Contact-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (IC) manufacturing services on <a href="/wiki/350_nanometer" class="mw-redirect" title="350 nanometer">350 nm</a> to <a href="/wiki/14_nanometer" class="mw-redirect" title="14 nanometer">14 nm</a> process technologies. State-owned civilian and military telecommunications equipment provider <a href="/wiki/Datang_Telecom_Group" title="Datang Telecom Group">Datang Telecom Group</a> as well as the China National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund are major shareholders of SMIC.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hua_Hong_Semiconductor">Hua Hong Semiconductor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hua Hong Semiconductor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hua_Hong_Semiconductor" title="Hua Hong Semiconductor">Hua Hong Semiconductor</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hua_Hong_Semiconductor" title="Hua Hong Semiconductor">Hua Hong Semiconductor</a> Limited is a publicly listed Chinese <a href="/wiki/Pure-play_semiconductor_foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure-play semiconductor foundry">pure-play</a> <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductor foundry">semiconductor foundry</a> company based in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, established in 1996 as part of China's national efforts to boost its IC industry. Currently, Hua Hong's most advanced node is achieved by its subsidiary Shanghai Huali (HLMC), which in 2022 could manufacture a 28/22nm process; in 2022 advanced 14nm technology was being developed by the company.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hua Hong Semiconductor is currently mainland China's second largest chip-maker behind rival <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing_International_Corporation" title="Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation">SMIC</a> and the 6th largest globally, with a market share of 2.6% in the second quarter of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semiengineering1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_companies_2">Other companies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexchip" title="Nexchip">Nexchip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nova_Technology" title="United Nova Technology">United Nova Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingtech" title="Wingtech">Wingtech</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabless_companies">Fabless companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fabless companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HiSilicon">HiSilicon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: HiSilicon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/HiSilicon" title="HiSilicon">HiSilicon</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/HiSilicon" title="HiSilicon">HiSilicon</a> is a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor company</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, Guangdong and wholly owned by <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>. HiSilicon purchases licenses for CPU designs from <a href="/wiki/ARM_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM Holdings">ARM Holdings</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A9_MPCore" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore">ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-M3" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM Cortex-M3">ARM Cortex-M3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A7_MPCore" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore">ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A15_MPCore" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore">ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A53" title="ARM Cortex-A53">ARM Cortex-A53</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A57" title="ARM Cortex-A57">ARM Cortex-A57</a> and also for their <a href="/wiki/Mali_(GPU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mali (GPU)">Mali</a> graphics cores.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HiSilicon has also purchased licenses from <a href="/wiki/Vivante_Corporation" title="Vivante Corporation">Vivante Corporation</a> for their GC4000 graphics core.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>HiSilicon is reputed to be the largest domestic designer of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated circuits">integrated circuits</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the U.S. instituted rules that require American firms providing certain equipment to HiSilicon or non-American firms who use American technologies that supply HiSilicon to have licenses<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Huawei announced it will stop producing its Kirin chipset from 15 September 2020, onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HiSilicon was overtaken by Chinese rival <a href="/wiki/UNISOC" title="UNISOC">UNISOC</a> in terms of mobile processor market share as a consequence.<sup id="cite_ref-nikkei1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkei1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, at the end of 2023 the <a href="/wiki/HiSilicon#Kirin_9000S" title="HiSilicon">Kirin 9000S processor</a>, which was first used in the <a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_60" title="Huawei Mate 60">Huawei Mate 60</a>, showed that HiSilicon was restarting its production of Kirin chipsets after a three-year hiatus, this time with entirely domestically produced chips.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hygon_Information_Technology">Hygon Information Technology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Hygon Information Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hygon_Information_Technology" title="Hygon Information Technology">Hygon Information Technology</a></div> <p>Hygon Information Technology is a partially <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Publicly_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Publicly listed">publicly listed</a> Chinese <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor company</a> headquartered in Beijing. The company mainly handles <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing units</a> (CPUs) based on <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> technology as well as domestic <a href="/wiki/Deep_Learning_Processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep Learning Processor">Deep Learning Processors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Loongson_Technology">Loongson Technology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Loongson Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Loongson_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Loongson Technology">Loongson Technology</a></div> <p>Loongson Technology is a Chinese fabless company that develops a family of general-purpose, MIPS architecture-compatible microprocessors, mainly used in personal computers and supercomputers. The processors were favoured by the Chinese government in its “Made in China 2025” push, which was also directed against <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_China#Sanctions_on_Chinese_semiconductor_industry" title="United States sanctions against China">US semiconductor sanctions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UNISOC">UNISOC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: UNISOC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UNISOC" title="UNISOC">UNISOC</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/UNISOC" title="UNISOC">UNISOC</a> is a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor company</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> which produces chipsets for <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a>. UNISOC develops its business in two major fields: consumer electronics, which includes smart phones, feature phones, smart audio systems, smart wear and other areas; Industrial electronics, on the other hand, covers such fields as LAN IoT, WAN IoT, or smart display. </p><p>In 2021, it was the fourth largest mobile processor manufacturer in the world, after Mediatek, Qualcomm and Apple, with 9% of global market share.<sup id="cite_ref-nikkei1_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkei1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Will_Semiconductor_(OmniVision_Group)"><span id="Will_Semiconductor_.28OmniVision_Group.29"></span>Will Semiconductor (OmniVision Group)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Will Semiconductor (OmniVision Group)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Will_Semiconductor" title="Will Semiconductor">Will Semiconductor</a></div> <p>Will Semiconductor is a <a href="/wiki/Publicly_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Publicly listed">publicly listed</a> Chinese <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor company</a> headquartered in Shanghai. In May 2019, it acquired <a href="/wiki/OmniVision_Technologies" title="OmniVision Technologies">OmniVision Technologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zhaoxin">Zhaoxin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Zhaoxin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zhaoxin" title="Zhaoxin">Zhaoxin</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zhaoxin" title="Zhaoxin">Zhaoxin</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor company</a>, created in 2013 as a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/VIA_Technologies" title="VIA Technologies">VIA Technologies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Municipal Government">Shanghai Municipal Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2018-01-03-hexus_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018-01-03-hexus-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company manufactures <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>-compatible desktop and laptop <a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPUs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2018-01-02-hexus_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018-01-02-hexus-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%86#Definitions" class="extiw" title="wikt:兆">Zhào</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8A%AF#Pronunciation_1" class="extiw" title="wikt:芯">xīn</a></i> means <i>million core</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The processors are created mainly for the Chinese market: the venture is an attempt to reduce the Chinese dependence on foreign technology.<sup id="cite_ref-2016-WSJ_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016-WSJ-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chinamoneynetwork_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinamoneynetwork-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_companies_3">Other companies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actions_Semiconductor" title="Actions Semiconductor">Actions Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group (Yitian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allwinner_Technology" title="Allwinner Technology">Allwinner Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambricon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambricon">Cambricon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GigaDevice" title="GigaDevice">GigaDevice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Robotics" title="Horizon Robotics">Horizon Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenic_Semiconductor" title="Ingenic Semiconductor">Ingenic Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunway_(processor)" title="Sunway (processor)">Jiangnan Computing Lab (Sunway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxscend_Microelectronics" title="Maxscend Microelectronics">Maxscend Microelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montage_Technology" title="Montage Technology">Montage Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_Threads" title="Moore Threads">Moore Threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeiTeng" title="FeiTeng">Phytium Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNC_Process_Systems" title="PNC Process Systems">PNC Process Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockchip" title="Rockchip">Rockchip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanan_Optoelectronics" title="Sanan Optoelectronics">Sanan Optoelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCH#Companies" class="mw-disambig" title="WCH">WinChipHead</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outsourced_Semiconductor_Assembly_and_Test_(OSAT)"><span id="Outsourced_Semiconductor_Assembly_and_Test_.28OSAT.29"></span>Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="JCET">JCET</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: JCET"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/JCET_(company)" title="JCET (company)">JCET (company)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/JCET_(company)" title="JCET (company)">JCET</a> Group Co., Ltd. is a public company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a> on China's eastern coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg_2014_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_2014-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carew_Venkat_2014_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carew_Venkat_2014-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) company in mainland China and the third-largest globally.<sup id="cite_ref-book_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JCET was formed in 1972, when <a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a> converted a local factory to produce transistors. JCET went public on the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a> in 2003 and continued to grow over time. JCET provides a range of semiconductor packaging, assembly, manufacturing, and testing products and services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_companies_4">Other companies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Other companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Huatian Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongfu_Microelectronics" title="Tongfu Microelectronics">Tongfu Microelectronics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semiconductor_equipment_manufacturers">Semiconductor equipment manufacturers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Semiconductor equipment manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Advanced_Micro-Fabrication_Equipment_(AMEC)"><span id="Advanced_Micro-Fabrication_Equipment_.28AMEC.29"></span>Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment (AMEC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment (AMEC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro-Fabrication_Equipment" title="Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment">Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro-Fabrication_Equipment" title="Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment">Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment</a> is a partially <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Publicly_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Publicly listed">publicly listed</a> Chinese company that manufactures <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> chip production equipment. It is one of the largest semiconductor equipment manufacturer in China.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NAURA_Technology_Group">NAURA Technology Group</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: NAURA Technology Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NAURA_Technology_Group" title="NAURA Technology Group">NAURA Technology Group</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/NAURA_Technology_Group" title="NAURA Technology Group">NAURA Technology Group</a> is a partially <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Publicly_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Publicly listed">publicly listed</a> Chinese company that manufactures <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> chip production equipment. It is currently the largest semiconductor equipment manufacturer in China. <sup id="cite_ref-:02_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shanghai_Micro_Electronics_Equipment_(SMEE)"><span id="Shanghai_Micro_Electronics_Equipment_.28SMEE.29"></span>Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment (SMEE)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment (SMEE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Micro_Electronics_Equipment" title="Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment">Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Micro_Electronics_Equipment" title="Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment">Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment</a> (SMEE) is a semiconductor manufacturing equipment manufacturer based in Shanghai, supplying <a href="/wiki/Photolithography" title="Photolithography">lithography</a> (DUV immersion) equipment and other equipment used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Currently, its most advanced product is the SSA600, with a resolution of 90 nm. SMEE is developing the SSA800, with a resolution of 28 nm, which will be followed up by the SSA900, with a resolution of 22 nm.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2022, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a> added SMEE to the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Industry_and_Security" title="Bureau of Industry and Security">Bureau of Industry and Security</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Entity_List" title="Entity List">Entity List</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China_Electronics_Technology_Group_Corporation_(CETC)"><span id="China_Electronics_Technology_Group_Corporation_.28CETC.29"></span>China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/China_Electronics_Technology_Group_Corporation" title="China Electronics Technology Group Corporation">China Electronics Technology Group Corporation</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/China_Electronics_Technology_Group_Corporation" title="China Electronics Technology Group Corporation">China Electronics Technology Group Corporation</a> (CETC) is China's third largest electronics and IT company behind only Huawei and Lenovo. Its fields include communications equipment, computers, electronic equipment, IT infrastructure, networks, software development, research services, investment and asset management for civilian and military applications.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company also manufactures semiconductors and semiconductor equipment used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, largely for military applications.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_companies_5">Other companies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Other companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Research" title="ACM Research">ACM Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Huafeng_Test_%26_Control_Technology" title="Beijing Huafeng Test & Control Technology">Beijing Huafeng Test & Control Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Resources_Microelectronics" title="China Resources Microelectronics">China Resources Microelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang_Jingyuan_Electron" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongfang Jingyuan Electron">Dongfang Jingyuan Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Changchuan_Technology" title="Hangzhou Changchuan Technology">Hangzhou Changchuan Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwatsing_Technology" title="Hwatsing Technology">Hwatsing Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KINGSEMI" title="KINGSEMI">KINGSEMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotech" title="Piotech">Piotech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Wanye_Enterprises" title="Shanghai Wanye Enterprises">Shanghai Wanye Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyverse_Technology" title="Skyverse Technology">Skyverse Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jingce_Electronic_Group" title="Wuhan Jingce Electronic Group">Wuhan Jingce Electronic Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Jingsheng_Mechanical_%26_Electrical" title="Zhejiang Jingsheng Mechanical & Electrical">Zhejiang Jingsheng Mechanical & Electrical</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_developments">Other developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Other developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Huawei">Huawei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Huawei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Huawei is reportedly planning to build its own <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_fabrication_plant" title="Semiconductor fabrication plant">fabs</a>, in cooperation with SMIC, in an attempt to promote <a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">vertical integration</a> and reduce impacts of <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_China" title="United States sanctions against China">US sanctions</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Entity_List#Huawei" title="Entity List">the one it was subjected to</a> during the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Huawei released its Mate60 Pro smartphone, which had a 7nm chip application processor <a href="/wiki/HiSilicon#Kirin_9000S" title="HiSilicon">HiSilicon Kirin 9000S</a> manufactured by SMIC using SMIC's N+2 process node.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">Semiconductor industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductor industry in India">Semiconductor industry in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Semiconductor industry in South Korea">Semiconductor industry in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Semiconductor industry in Taiwan">Semiconductor industry in Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Industry of China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In China 兆 can mean either short-scale million (1e6) or trillion (1e12). However, for IT-related topics 兆 always means mega/million in Mainland China.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:Zhang-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Zhang_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Zhang_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhang2024" class="citation book cs1">Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). <i>High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197682258.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197682258" title="Special:BookSources/9780197682258"><bdi>9780197682258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Wire%3A+How+China+Regulates+Big+Tech+and+Governs+Its+Economy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197682258.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780197682258&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Angela+Huyue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-semiengineering1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semiengineering1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaper2022" class="citation web cs1">Paper, Technical (2022-05-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semiengineering.com/china-accelerates-foundry-power-semi-efforts/">"China Accelerates Foundry, Power Semi Efforts"</a>. Semiengineering.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Accelerates+Foundry%2C+Power+Semi+Efforts&rft.pub=Semiengineering.com&rft.date=2022-05-09&rft.aulast=Paper&rft.aufirst=Technical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsemiengineering.com%2Fchina-accelerates-foundry-power-semi-efforts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-semianalysis1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-semianalysis1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semianalysis1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220507092752/https://semianalysis.com/the-impending-chinese-nand-apocalypse-ymtc-128-layer-nand-is-the-first-semiconductor-where-china-is-technologically-competitive/">"The Impending Chinese NAND Apocalypse – YMTC 128 Layer NAND Is The First Semiconductor Where China Is Technologically Competitive – SemiAnalysis"</a>. Semianalysis.com. 2021-10-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semianalysis.com/the-impending-chinese-nand-apocalypse-ymtc-128-layer-nand-is-the-first-semiconductor-where-china-is-technologically-competitive/">the original</a> on 2022-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Impending+Chinese+NAND+Apocalypse+%E2%80%93+YMTC+128+Layer+NAND+Is+The+First+Semiconductor+Where+China+Is+Technologically+Competitive+%E2%80%93+SemiAnalysis&rft.pub=Semianalysis.com&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsemianalysis.com%2Fthe-impending-chinese-nand-apocalypse-ymtc-128-layer-nand-is-the-first-semiconductor-where-china-is-technologically-competitive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey20193-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey20193_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerWey2019">VerWey 2019</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201910-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201910_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201910_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerWey2019">VerWey 2019</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Mullaney-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Mullaney_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Mullaney_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullaney2024" class="citation book cs1">Mullaney, Thomas S. (2024). <i>The Chinese Computer: a Global History of the Information Age</i>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/The_MIT_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The MIT Press">The MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262047517" title="Special:BookSources/9780262047517"><bdi>9780262047517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Computer%3A+a+Global+History+of+the+Information+Age&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780262047517&rft.aulast=Mullaney&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMays2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Mays, Susan Kay (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7916/D8HQ464Q"><i>Rapid Advance: High Technology in China in the Global Electronic Age</i></a> (Thesis). Columbia University. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7916%2Fd8hq464q">10.7916/d8hq464q</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Rapid+Advance%3A+High+Technology+in+China+in+the+Global+Electronic+Age&rft.inst=Columbia+University&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7916%2Fd8hq464q&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=Susan+Kay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7916%2FD8HQ464Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerWey201911_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerWey2019">VerWey 2019</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2016" class="citation web cs1">Fuller, Douglas (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/12648/chapter/162598303">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'IC Fabrication', Paper Tigers, Hidden Dragons: Firms and the Political Economy of China's Technological Development"</a>. <i>academic.oup.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198777205.003.0006">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198777205.003.0006</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academic.oup.com&rft.atitle=%27IC+Fabrication%27%2C+Paper+Tigers%2C+Hidden+Dragons%3A+Firms+and+the+Political+Economy+of+China%27s+Technological+Development&rft.date=2016-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198777205.003.0006&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbook%2F12648%2Fchapter%2F162598303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Zhang2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Zhang2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2024" class="citation book cs1">Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). <i>High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197682258.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197682258" title="Special:BookSources/9780197682258"><bdi>9780197682258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Wire%3A+How+China+Regulates+Big+Tech+and+Governs+Its+Economy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197682258.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780197682258&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Angela+Huyue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:622-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:622_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLan2024" class="citation book cs1">Lan, Xiaohuan (2024). <i>How China Works: An Introduction to China's State-led Economic Development</i>. Translated by Topp, Gary. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-97-0080-6">10.1007/978-981-97-0080-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-97-0079-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-97-0079-0"><bdi>978-981-97-0079-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+China+Works%3A+An+Introduction+to+China%27s+State-led+Economic+Development&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-97-0080-6&rft.isbn=978-981-97-0079-0&rft.aulast=Lan&rft.aufirst=Xiaohuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2022" class="citation web cs1">Allen, Gregory (11 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/choking-chinas-access-future-ai">"Choking off China's Access to the Future of AI"</a>. <i>Center for Strategic and International Studies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">CSIS</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft.atitle=Choking+off+China%27s+Access+to+the+Future+of+AI&rft.date=2022-10-11&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fanalysis%2Fchoking-chinas-access-future-ai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2023" class="citation web cs1">Allen, Gregory (March 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/clues-us-dutch-japanese-semiconductor-export-controls-deal-are-hiding-plain-sight">"Clues to the U.S.-Dutch-Japanese Semiconductor Export Controls Deal Are Hiding in Plain Sight"</a>. <i>Center for Strategic and International Studies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft.atitle=Clues+to+the+U.S.-Dutch-Japanese+Semiconductor+Export+Controls+Deal+Are+Hiding+in+Plain+Sight&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fanalysis%2Fclues-us-dutch-japanese-semiconductor-export-controls-deal-are-hiding-plain-sight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2023" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, Gregory (May 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-new-strategy-waging-microchip-tech-war">"China's New Strategy for Waging the Microchip Tech War"</a>. <i>Center for Strategic and International Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Either+Huawei+Doesn%27t+Need+U.S.+Tech+Or+It+Does.+Which+Is+It%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkenrapoza%2F2019%2F05%2F24%2Feither-huawei-doesnt-need-u-s-tech-or-it-does-which-is-it%2F%2347e1ff18e78d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span> (published 05-24-2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMIC_Connecticut_Post-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMIC_Connecticut_Post_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctpost.com/technology/businessinsider/article/China-s-biggest-chipmaker-has-applied-for-13896220.php">"China's biggest chipmaker has applied for 'voluntary delisting' from the New York Stock Exchange amid the trade war and Trump's crackdown on Chinese tech (SMI)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Post" title="Connecticut Post">Connecticut Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526231640/https://www.ctpost.com/technology/businessinsider/article/China-s-biggest-chipmaker-has-applied-for-13896220.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Connecticut+Post&rft.atitle=China%27s+biggest+chipmaker+has+applied+for+%27voluntary+delisting%27+from+the+New+York+Stock+Exchange+amid+the+trade+war+and+Trump%27s+crackdown+on+Chinese+tech+%28SMI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctpost.com%2Ftechnology%2Fbusinessinsider%2Farticle%2FChina-s-biggest-chipmaker-has-applied-for-13896220.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span> (published 05-25-2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMIC_Reuters-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMIC_Reuters_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeddor2019" class="citation news cs1">Beddor, Christopher (19 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-semiconductors-breakingviews/breakingviews-money-cant-buy-chinas-chip-industry-much-love-idUSKCN1Q805V">"Breakingviews - Money can't buy China's chip industry much love"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526233320/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-semiconductors-breakingviews/breakingviews-money-cant-buy-chinas-chip-industry-much-love-idUSKCN1Q805V">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Breakingviews+-+Money+can%27t+buy+China%27s+chip+industry+much+love&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft.aulast=Beddor&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-semiconductors-breakingviews%2Fbreakingviews-money-cant-buy-chinas-chip-industry-much-love-idUSKCN1Q805V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span> (published 02-18-2019)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMIC_Nikkei-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMIC_Nikkei_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Companies/Semiconductor-Manufacturing-International-Corp">"SMIC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nikkei_Asian_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikkei Asian Review">Nikkei Asian Review</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526233322/https://asia.nikkei.com/Companies/Semiconductor-Manufacturing-International-Corp">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asian+Review&rft.atitle=SMIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FCompanies%2FSemiconductor-Manufacturing-International-Corp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMIC_Nasdaq-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMIC_Nasdaq_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/markets/ipos/company/semiconductor-manufacturing-international-corp-600796-37732">"SMIC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526233322/https://www.nasdaq.com/markets/ipos/company/semiconductor-manufacturing-international-corp-600796-37732">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nasdaq&rft.atitle=SMIC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Fmarkets%2Fipos%2Fcompany%2Fsemiconductor-manufacturing-international-corp-600796-37732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMIC_Contact-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMIC_Contact_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104212308/http://www.smics.com/eng/contact_us.php">"SMIC - Contact Us"</a>. <i>SMIC website</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smics.com/eng/contact_us.php">the original</a> on 4 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SMIC+website&rft.atitle=SMIC+-+Contact+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smics.com%2Feng%2Fcontact_us.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://northeurope.blob.euroland.com/press-releases-attachments/1219270/HKEX-EPS_20200423_9246885-0.PDF">"Annual Report 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechNode&rft.atitle=SMIC+gets+%242+billion+from+China%27s+state-backed+funds&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft.aulast=Sheng&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnode.com%2F2020%2F05%2F18%2Fchinas-state-backed-funds-inject-2-billion-into-local-chip-maker-smic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrumpf2020" class="citation news cs1">Strumpf, Dan (2020-09-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sets-export-controls-on-chinas-top-chip-maker-11601118353">"U.S. Sets Export Controls on China's Top Chip Maker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112220457/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sets-export-controls-on-chinas-top-chip-maker-11601118353">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SHANGHAI+HUALI+MICROELECTRONICS+CORPORATION+-+International+Semiconductor+Executive+Summits&rft.pub=Isesglobal.com&rft.au=Shanghai+Huali+Microelectronics+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisesglobal.com%2Fmembers%2Fshanghai-huali-microelectronics-corporation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/hisilicon-licenses-arm-technology-for-use-in-networking-infrastructure-and-mobile-computing-applications.php">HiSilicon Licenses ARM Technology for use in Innovative 3G/4G Base Station, Networking Infrastructure and Mobile Computing Applications</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127182027/http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/hisilicon-licenses-arm-technology-for-use-in-networking-infrastructure-and-mobile-computing-applications.php">Archived</a> 27 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2 August 2011 on ARM.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115132900/http://www.arm.com/community/partners/display_company/rw/company/hisilicon-technologies-co-ltd/">"HiSilicon Technologies Co., Ltd. 海思半导体有限公司"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Defense+Department+produces+list+of+Chinese+military-linked+companies&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Allen-Ebrahimian&rft.aufirst=Bethany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fdefense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cetczb.com/product/30/">"Manufacturing Equipments_Products_CETC ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT GROUP CO., LTD._Electronic electrician"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manufacturing+Equipments_Products_CETC+ELECTRONICS+EQUIPMENT+GROUP+CO.%2C+LTD._Electronic+electrician&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.cetczb.com%2Fproduct%2F30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techtaiwan.com/20220104/huawei-foundry-speculation/">Huawei foundry speculation</a>techtaiwan.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129033058/https://techtaiwan.com/20220104/huawei-foundry-speculation/">Archived</a> 2022-01-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2023" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, Gregory (October 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/chip-race-china-gives-huawei-steering-wheel-huaweis-new-smartphone-and-future">"In Chip Race, China Gives Huawei the Steering Wheel: Huawei's New Smartphone and the Future of Semiconductor Export Control"</a>. <i>Center for Strategic and International Studies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft.atitle=In+Chip+Race%2C+China+Gives+Huawei+the+Steering+Wheel%3A+Huawei%27s+New+Smartphone+and+the+Future+of+Semiconductor+Export+Control&rft.date=2023-10-06&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fanalysis%2Fchip-race-china-gives-huawei-steering-wheel-huaweis-new-smartphone-and-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiconductor_industry_in_China&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerWey2019" class="citation journal cs1">VerWey, John (July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usitc.gov/staff_publications/jice/chinese_semiconductor_industrial_policy_past_and">"Chinese Semiconductor Industrial Policy: Past and Present"</a>. <i>Journal Of International Commerce And Economics (JICE)</i>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._International_Trade_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. International Trade Commission">U.S. International Trade Commission</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+Of+International+Commerce+And+Economics+%28JICE%29&rft.atitle=Chinese+Semiconductor+Industrial+Policy%3A+Past+and+Present.&rft.date=2019-07&rft.aulast=VerWey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usitc.gov%2Fstaff_publications%2Fjice%2Fchinese_semiconductor_industrial_policy_past_and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiconductor+industry+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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