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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Grèce_antique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grèce_antique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Grèce antique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grèce_antique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rome_antique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Tropaion</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 8 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaion" title="Tropaion – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tropaion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τρόπαιο – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρόπαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaion" title="Tropaion – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tropaion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropai%C3%B3n" title="Tropaión – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tropaión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="טרופאיון – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרופאיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaion" title="Tropaion – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tropaion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropajon" title="Tropajon – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tropajon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaion" title="Tropaion – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tropaion" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1753584#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tropaion"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Tropaion" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Tropaion" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&oldid=198733540" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Tropaion&id=198733540&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTropaion%26section%3D2%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTropaion%26section%3D2%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tropaion"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tropaion&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1753584" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_(cropped)_lower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg/220px-Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg/330px-Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg/440px-Gemma_Augustea_KHM_2010_%28cropped%29_lower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>Un <i>tropaion</i> en cours de construction, détail de la <i><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Augustea" title="Gemma Augustea">Gemma Augustea</a></i>, vers 20-30 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></figcaption></figure> <p>Un <i><b>tropaion</b></i> (du <a href="/wiki/Grec" title="Grec">grec</a> τρόπαιον), en <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i><b>tropæum</b></i>, est dans l’<a href="/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9_gr%C3%A9co-romaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquité gréco-romaine">Antiquité gréco-romaine</a> un <a href="/wiki/Troph%C3%A9e" title="Trophée">trophée</a> au sens littéral, c’est-à-dire un monument destiné à commémorer une victoire militaire. À l’origine, il s’agissait d’un arbre élagué et taillé en forme de croix auquel on suspendait les armes des vaincus. Le <i>tropaion</i> ou <i>tropæum</i> était laissé sur l’emplacement du champ de bataille. </p><p>Au cours des siècles, le <i>tropaoin</i> est devenu un monument de brique ou de pierre. Certains <i>tropaia</i> ont été érigés non plus sur place mais dans des lieux symboliques tels que <a href="/wiki/Delphes" title="Delphes">Delphes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympie" title="Olympie">Olympie</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> afin de souligner la notion de <a href="/wiki/Triomphe_romain" title="Triomphe romain">triomphe</a>. Dans tous les cas, les <i>tropaia</i> étaient dédiés au dieu ou à la divinité qui avait permis la victoire. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grèce_antique"><span id="Gr.C3.A8ce_antique"></span>Grèce antique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Grèce antique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Grèce antique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le mot <i>tropaion</i> dérive du verbe grec <i>tropein</i>, qui signifie « tourner ». De la même racine viennent le substantif <i>tropê</i>, « tour, changement de direction, fuite, déroute<sup id="cite_ref-TLFI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLFI-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> », et l’adjectif <i>tropaios</i>, « qui fait tourner, qui met en fuite<sup id="cite_ref-TLFI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLFI-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> » : le <i>tropaion</i> marque l’endroit où l’ennemi a dû renoncer et rebrousser chemin. </p><p>L’arbre en croix des premiers <i>tropaia</i>, à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89poque_archa%C3%AFque" title="Époque archaïque">époque archaïque</a>, est revêtu d’une cuirasse et d’un casque pris à l’ennemi, et plusieurs armes des vaincus sont déposées devant lui : glaives, javelots, boucliers… </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rome_antique">Rome antique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Rome antique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Rome antique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Triest_Kathedrale_-_Campanile_3_Fries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Triest_Kathedrale_-_Campanile_3_Fries.jpg/220px-Triest_Kathedrale_-_Campanile_3_Fries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Triest_Kathedrale_-_Campanile_3_Fries.jpg/330px-Triest_Kathedrale_-_Campanile_3_Fries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Triest_Kathedrale_-_Campanile_3_Fries.jpg/440px-Triest_Kathedrale_-_Campanile_3_Fries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><i>Tropæum</i> du <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> siècle en réemploi sur la tour de la <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Trieste" title="Cathédrale de Trieste">cathédrale de Trieste</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dans la <a href="/wiki/Rome_antique" title="Rome antique">Rome antique </a>, le <i>tropæum</i> peut s’élever sur une frontière symbolique, tels le <a href="/wiki/Troph%C3%A9e_des_Alpes" title="Trophée des Alpes">trophée des Alpes</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Troph%C3%A9e_de_Pomp%C3%A9e" title="Trophée de Pompée">celui de Pompée</a> dans les <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Pyrénées">Pyrénées</a>, sur le champ de bataille comme le <a href="/wiki/Tropaeum_Traiani" title="Tropaeum Traiani">Tropæum Traiani</a> en <a href="/wiki/Roumanie" title="Roumanie">Roumanie</a>, ou encore à Rome. </p><p>Il est également représenté sur des pièces de monnaie ou sur des monuments qui célèbrent la grandeur de l’empereur, comme la <a href="/wiki/Colonne_Trajane" title="Colonne Trajane">colonne Trajane</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie">Galerie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Galerie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Galerie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Brutus_by_casca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un tropaeum sur une monnaie romaine, 42 av. J.-C."><img alt="Un tropaeum sur une monnaie romaine, 42 av. J.-C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brutus_by_casca.jpg/120px-Brutus_by_casca.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brutus_by_casca.jpg/180px-Brutus_by_casca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Brutus_by_casca.jpg/240px-Brutus_by_casca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un <i>tropaeum</i> sur une monnaie romaine, 42 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un tropaeum sur une monnaie romaine, 46-45 av. J.-C."><img alt="Un tropaeum sur une monnaie romaine, 46-45 av. J.-C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg/120px-Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg/180px-Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg/240px-Caesar_venustrophy3b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un <i>tropaeum</i> sur une monnaie romaine, 46-45 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tropaeum_Traiani_from_the_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstitution (1977) du Tropaeum Traiani, 109 apr. J.-C."><img alt="Reconstitution (1977) du Tropaeum Traiani, 109 apr. J.-C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tropaeum_Traiani_from_the_North.jpg/120px-Tropaeum_Traiani_from_the_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tropaeum_Traiani_from_the_North.jpg/180px-Tropaeum_Traiani_from_the_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tropaeum_Traiani_from_the_North.jpg/240px-Tropaeum_Traiani_from_the_North.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstitution (1977) du <a href="/wiki/Tropaeum_Traiani" title="Tropaeum Traiani">Tropaeum Traiani</a>, 109 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Un tropaeum des guerres de Trajan, colonne Trajane, 113 apr. J.-C."><img alt="Un tropaeum des guerres de Trajan, colonne Trajane, 113 apr. J.-C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG/68px-Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG/102px-Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG/136px-Booty_from_the_Dacian_wars.JPG 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un <i>tropaeum</i> des guerres de <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonne_Trajane" title="Colonne Trajane">colonne Trajane</a>, 113 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Un tropaeum romain représenté sur un dupondius du règne de Marc Aurèle, 161-180 apr. J.-C."><img alt="Un tropaeum romain représenté sur un dupondius du règne de Marc Aurèle, 161-180 apr. J.-C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png/120px-MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png/180px-MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png/240px-MarcusAureliusDupondiusReverse.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un <i>tropaeum</i> romain représenté sur un <a href="/wiki/Dupondius" title="Dupondius">dupondius</a> du règne de <a href="/wiki/Marc_Aur%C3%A8le" title="Marc Aurèle">Marc Aurèle</a>, 161-180 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TLFI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TLFI_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-TLFI_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/Trophée/0">« Trophée »</a> sur le site du <i><a href="/wiki/TLFI" class="mw-redirect" title="TLFI">TLFI</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_trophies?uselang=fr">Tropaion</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nik%C3%A9" title="Niké">Niké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoire_(all%C3%A9gorie)" title="Victoire (allégorie)">Victoire (allégorie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triomphe_romain" title="Triomphe romain">Triomphe romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_triomphe" title="Arc de triomphe">Arc de triomphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troph%C3%A9e_de_guerre" title="Trophée de guerre">Trophée de guerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9pouilles_opimes" title="Dépouilles opimes">Dépouilles opimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppidum_de_Corent" title="Oppidum de Corent">Oppidum de Corent</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FAB1B1;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Colonnes_comm%C3%A9moratives_et_troph%C3%A9es_romains" title="Modèle:Palette Colonnes commémoratives et trophées romains"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Colonnes_comm%C3%A9moratives_et_troph%C3%A9es_romains&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Colonnes commémoratives et trophées romains</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_colonnes_triomphales_romaines" title="Liste des colonnes triomphales romaines">Colonnes commémoratives</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background-color:white;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px">Alexandrie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:white; text-align:left"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_de_Pomp%C3%A9e" title="Colonne de Pompée">Colonne de Pompée</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px">Constantinople</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:white; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_d%27Arcadius" title="Colonne d'Arcadius">Colonne d'Arcadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_de_Constantin" title="Colonne de Constantin">Colonne de Constantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_des_Goths" title="Colonne des Goths">Colonne des Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_de_Justinien" title="Colonne de Justinien">Colonne de Justinien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_de_Marcien" title="Colonne de Marcien">Colonne de Marcien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonne_de_L%C3%A9on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonne de Léon (page inexistante)">Colonne de Léon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_of_Leo" class="extiw" title="en:Column of Leo"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Column of Leo »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_de_Th%C3%A9odose#Colonne_de_Théodose" title="Forum de Théodose">Colonne de Théodose</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px">Rome</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:white; text-align:left"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_rostrale_d%27Aemilius_Paullus" title="Colonne rostrale d'Aemilius Paullus">Colonne rostrale d'Aemilius Paullus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_d%27Antonin_le_Pieux" title="Colonne d'Antonin le Pieux">Colonne d'Antonin le Pieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_rostrale_d%27Auguste" title="Colonne rostrale d'Auguste">Colonnes rostrales d'Auguste et Agrippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnes_rostrales_de_Duilius" title="Colonnes rostrales de Duilius">Colonnes rostrales de Duilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_de_Maenius" title="Colonne de Maenius">Colonne de Maenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_de_Marc-Aur%C3%A8le" title="Colonne de Marc-Aurèle">Colonne de Marc-Aurèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_de_Phocas" title="Colonne de Phocas">Colonne de Phocas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_Trajane" title="Colonne Trajane">Colonne Trajane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reliefs_de_la_colonne_Trajane" title="Reliefs de la colonne Trajane">Reliefs de la colonne Trajane</a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Colonnatraiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Colonnatraiana.jpg/139px-Colonnatraiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Colonnatraiana.jpg/209px-Colonnatraiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Colonnatraiana.jpg/278px-Colonnatraiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trophées romains</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background-color:white;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px">Espagne</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:white; text-align:left"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tour_d%27Urkulu" title="Tour d'Urkulu">Tour d'Urkulu</a> (Orbaizeta, Navarre)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px">France</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:white; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troph%C3%A9e_des_Alpes" title="Trophée des Alpes">Trophée des Alpes</a> (La Turbie, Alpes-Maritimes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_romain_provenant_de_Biot" title="Monument romain provenant de Biot">Trophée de La Brague</a> (Biot, Alpes-Maritimes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troph%C3%A9e_de_Pomp%C3%A9e" title="Trophée de Pompée">Trophée de Pompée</a> (Le Perthus (Pyrénées-Orientales) / La Jonquera (Catalogne))</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffdddd;width:100px">Roumanie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:white; text-align:left"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeum_Traiani" title="Tropaeum Traiani">Tropaeum Traiani</a> (Județ de Constanța)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background-color:#ffdddd" colspan="3"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_romaine" title="Architecture romaine">Architecture romaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_rostrale" title="Colonne rostrale">Colonne rostrale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Portail de la Grèce antique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Discobolus_icon.png/16px-Discobolus_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Discobolus_icon.png/24px-Discobolus_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Discobolus_icon.png/32px-Discobolus_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="147" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Portail:Grèce antique">Portail de la Grèce antique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique" title="Portail de la Rome antique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/29px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/43px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/58px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique" title="Portail:Rome antique">Portail de la Rome antique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Architecture_et_urbanisme" title="Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ciudad.svg/24px-Ciudad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ciudad.svg/36px-Ciudad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ciudad.svg/48px-Ciudad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Architecture_et_urbanisme" title="Portail:Architecture et urbanisme">Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_militaire" title="Portail de l’histoire militaire"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/43px-Military_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/65px-Military_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/86px-Military_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="113" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_militaire" title="Portail:Histoire militaire">Portail de l’histoire militaire</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&oldid=198733540">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropaion&oldid=198733540</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Histoire_militaire_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Catégorie:Histoire militaire de la Grèce antique">Histoire militaire de la Grèce antique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Expression_grecque" title="Catégorie:Expression grecque">Expression grecque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Troph%C3%A9e_romain" title="Catégorie:Trophée romain">Trophée romain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Histoire_militaire_de_la_Rome_antique" title="Catégorie:Histoire militaire de la Rome antique">Histoire militaire de la Rome antique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Histoire_militaire_du_Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Catégorie:Histoire militaire du Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">Histoire militaire du Ier millénaire av. J.-C.</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais">Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Gr%C3%A8ce_antique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Grèce antique/Articles liés">Portail:Grèce antique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Monde_antique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Monde antique/Articles liés">Portail:Monde antique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Europe/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Europe/Articles liés">Portail:Europe/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Rome_antique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Rome antique/Articles liés">Portail:Rome antique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Italie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Italie/Articles liés">Portail:Italie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Architecture_et_urbanisme/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Architecture et urbanisme/Articles liés">Portail:Architecture et urbanisme/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire_militaire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire militaire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire militaire/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 16 novembre 2022 à 20:19.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. 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