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Disponible en 29 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لسانيات نظرية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لسانيات نظرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретична лингвистика – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Теоретична лингвистика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাত্ত্বিক ভাষাবিজ্ঞান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাত্ত্বিক ভাষাবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB-l%C3%A2ung_Ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-ngi%C3%B2ng-h%C5%8Fk" title="Lī-lâung Ngṳ̄-ngiòng-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lī-lâung Ngṳ̄-ngiòng-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretick%C3%A1_lingvistika" title="Teoretická lingvistika – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teoretická lingvistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretische_Linguistik" title="Theoretische Linguistik – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Theoretische Linguistik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Θεωρητική γλωσσολογία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θεωρητική γλωσσολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_linguistics" title="Theoretical linguistics – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Theoretical linguistics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_te%C3%B3rica" title="Lingüística teórica – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lingüística teórica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان‌شناسی نظری – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌شناسی نظری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_te%C3%B3rica" title="Lingüística teórica – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingüística teórica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengoaylleeaght_heiltynagh" title="Çhengoaylleeaght heiltynagh – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengoaylleeaght heiltynagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տեսական լեզվաբանություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեսական լեզվաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistika_teoretis" title="Linguistika teoretis – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Linguistika teoretis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoriala_linguistiko" title="Teoriala linguistiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Teoriala linguistiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="理論言語学 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="理論言語学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99" title="이론언어학 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이론언어학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तात्त्विक भाषाशास्त्र – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तात्त्विक भाषाशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistik_teori" title="Linguistik teori – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Linguistik teori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretische_taalkunde" title="Theoretische taalkunde – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Theoretische taalkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoretisk_lingvistikk" title="Teoretisk lingvistikk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teoretisk lingvistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingvistic%C4%83_teoretic%C4%83" title="Lingvistică teoretică – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lingvistică teoretică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретическая лингвистика – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теоретическая лингвистика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_linguistics" title="Theoretical linguistics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/68px-Phonetik.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/90px-Phonetik.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="39" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>La <b>linguistique théorique</b> est la branche de la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a> qui s'occupe de modéliser la connaissance linguistique. Cette approche implique la recherche et l'explication des <a href="/wiki/Universaux_linguistiques" title="Universaux linguistiques">universaux linguistiques</a>, qui sont des propriétés que toutes les langues ont en commun. Les champs d'étude généralement considérés comme le noyau de la linguistique théorique sont la <a href="/wiki/Syntaxe" title="Syntaxe">syntaxe</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Phonologie" title="Phonologie">phonologie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Morphologie_(linguistique)" title="Morphologie (linguistique)">morphologie</a> et la <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9mantique" title="Sémantique">sémantique</a>. La phonologie est souvent confondue avec la <a href="/wiki/Phon%C3%A9tique" title="Phonétique">phonétique</a>, qui comme la <a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistique" title="Psycholinguistique">psycholinguistique</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Sociolinguistique" title="Sociolinguistique">sociolinguistique</a>, sont rarement considérées comme faisant partie de la linguistique théorique. La linguistique analogique, développée par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Monneret_(linguiste)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Monneret (linguiste) (page inexistante)">Philippe Monneret</a>, peut être considérée comme une branche de la linguistique théorique. </p><p>La linguistique théorique est la branche de la linguistique qui s'intéresse à la nature du langage lui-même et cherche à répondre à des questions fondamentales quant à ce qu'est la langue; Comment ça marche; Comment fonctionne la grammaire universelle (UG) en tant qu'organe mental spécifique au domaine; Quelles sont ses propriétés uniques; Comment le langage se rapporte à d'autres processus cognitifs, etc. Les linguistes théoriques s'intéressent surtout à la construction de modèles de connaissances linguistiques et, finalement, à l'élaboration d'une théorie linguistique. Bien que la phonétique guide souvent la phonologie, elle est souvent exclue du champ de la linguistique théorique, de même que de la sociolinguistique. La linguistique théorique implique aussi la recherche d'une explication des universaux linguistiques, c'est-à-dire des propriétés que tout ou plusieurs langues ont en commun. </p><p>La linguistique théorique poursuit la construction de théories et de schémas théoriques universels, potentiellement valables pour toutes les langues du monde, et ne prétend pas expliquer des faits particuliers d'une langue spécifique à travers des règles ad hoc. De plus, la linguistique théorique essaie de juger les mérites d'une théorie particulière sur des aspects de généralité, de simplicité et de capacité à relier des phénomènes plutôt que de rechercher des critères de simplicité, d'applicabilité ou d'intelligibilité. C'est pourquoi, dans la linguistique théorique, l'utilisation des abstractions théoriques et des schémas complexes n'est pas évitée si elles ont des vertus explicatives. Au contraire, l'approche grammaticale traditionnelle consistait toujours à construire des règles et des guides pratiques qui peuvent aider à l'étude d'une langue spécifique, sans abuser des abstractions qui ne sont pas nécessaires pour étudier une langue particulière. </p> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Linguistique" title="Portail de la linguistique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/24px-Logo_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/36px-Logo_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/48px-Logo_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Linguistique" title="Portail:Linguistique">Portail de la linguistique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linguistique_théorique&oldid=186098249">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linguistique_théorique&oldid=186098249</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Linguistique_th%C3%A9orique" title="Catégorie:Linguistique théorique">Linguistique théorique</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%A9bauche_linguistique" title="Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche linguistique">Wikipédia:ébauche linguistique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Linguistique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Linguistique/Articles liés">Portail:Linguistique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Langues/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Langues/Articles liés">Portail:Langues/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences_humaines_et_sociales/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences humaines et sociales/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences humaines et sociales/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 6 septembre 2021 à 02:18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. 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