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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American businessman and politician (1927–2016)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Gil Carmichael</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gil_Carmichael.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Gil Carmichael" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gil_Carmichael.png/220px-Gil_Carmichael.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Gil_Carmichael.png 1.5x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="416" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Carmichael in 1974</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-06-27</span>)</span>June 27, 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi" title="Columbia, Mississippi">Columbia, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 31, 2016<span style="display:none">(2016-01-31)</span> (aged 88)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gilbert Ellzey Carmichael</b> (June 27, 1927 – January 31, 2016) was an American businessman and politician. Born in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi" title="Columbia, Mississippi">Columbia, Mississippi</a>, he attended <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M University</a> and served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, earning a Silver <a href="/wiki/Lifesaving_Medal" title="Lifesaving Medal">Lifesaving Medal</a> for helping rescue crewmen from a sinking tanker. In June 1950 Carmichael was hired by the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones & Company">Dow Jones & Company</a> to sell its newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. After eight years, he joined a friend in distributing cars in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>. He later became a partner in a car dealership in <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian, Mississippi</a>, before taking over the business. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, he became involved in politics in the 1960s, making two unsuccessful bids for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi State Legislature">Mississippi State Legislature</a>. Carmichael also ran for a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> seat in 1972 and in 1975 ran for the office of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Mississippi" title="Governor of Mississippi">Governor of Mississippi</a>, the first serious Republican contender for the post in decades. He lost a narrow race and made another unsuccessful bid in 1979. He also launched an unsuccessful independent campaign in 1983 to be elected <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Mississippi" title="Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi">Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi</a>. From the 1970s to the 1990s he served on various national transportation advisory boards. He died in 2016. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_business_career">Early life and business career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and business career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gilbert Ellzey Carmichael was born on June 27, 1927, in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi" title="Columbia, Mississippi">Columbia, Mississippi</a>, United States to Calvin Ellzey Carmichael and Clyde Myrna Smith Carmichael.<sup id="cite_ref-CLobit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father died when he was young, forcing his mother to provide for the family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson201190_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson201190-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_High_School_(Mississippi)" title="Columbia High School (Mississippi)">Columbia High School</a> in 1944, served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military">United States Military</a> from 1945 to 1946. He thereafter attended <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M University</a>, where he graduated in 1950 with a business degree and a minor in petroleum engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-CLobit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married and had a son.<sup id="cite_ref-bonney_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carmichael was commissioned as an officer in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CLobit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While serving at the rank of <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a> in 1952, he participated in the rescue of crewmen from the sinking tanker <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Fort_Mercer" title="SS Fort Mercer">SS Fort Mercer</a></i> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>, when the ship broke apart in a storm. He commanded a boat which retrieved two men off of the ship's bow, and for his efforts was awarded a Silver <a href="/wiki/Lifesaving_Medal" title="Lifesaving Medal">Lifesaving Medal</a> for "heroic action".<sup id="cite_ref-obit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1950, Carmichael was hired by the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones & Company">Dow Jones & Company</a> to sell its newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. Assigned to a distribution area comprising southern Mississippi, southern Louisiana, and the city of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, he would go door-to-door in office buildings and pitch the paper and teach potential customers how it should be read. After eight years, he joined a friend in distributing <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> cars in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>. He later became a partner in a car dealership in <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian, Mississippi</a>, before buying out the entire business.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonPutnam201362_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonPutnam201362-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He established a <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> dealership in 1961<sup id="cite_ref-bonney_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later expanded to sell <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes</a> vehicles. He also acquired dealerships in <a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa, Alabama">Tuscaloosa, Alabama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonPutnam201362_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonPutnam201362-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sold his dealerships in Meridian upon his appointment to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Railroad_Administration" title="Federal Railroad Administration">Federal Railroad Administration</a>, but retained their buildings and later used them as he became involved in his son's commercial real estate company, Missouth Properties.<sup id="cite_ref-bonney_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonPutnam201363_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonPutnam201363-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1972_U.S._Senate_election">1972 U.S. Senate election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1972 U.S. Senate election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1972 United States Senate election in Mississippi">1972 United States Senate election in Mississippi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_O_Eastland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/James_O_Eastland.jpg/180px-James_O_Eastland.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/James_O_Eastland.jpg/270px-James_O_Eastland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/James_O_Eastland.jpg/360px-James_O_Eastland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7357" data-file-height="9510" /></a><figcaption>Incumbent Democratic Senator <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">James Eastland</a>, Carmichael's opponent when he ran for senate in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 United States Senate election">1972</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Carmichael was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became involved in politics in the 1960s, making two unsuccessful bids for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi State Legislature">Mississippi State Legislature</a><sup id="cite_ref-bonney_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and chairing <a href="/wiki/Rubel_Phillips" title="Rubel Phillips">Rubel Phillips</a>'s 1963 gubernatorial campaign organization in <a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Mississippi" title="Lauderdale County, Mississippi">Lauderdale County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHathorn1985249_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHathorn1985249-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971 he considered running for the office of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Mississippi" title="Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi">Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi</a>, but was convinced not to by Republican leaders who were fearful that his bid would associate the Republican Party with the gubernatorial campaign of black independent <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evers" title="Charles Evers">Charles Evers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson201183–84_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson201183–84-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972 black civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/James_Meredith" title="James Meredith">James Meredith</a> declared himself a candidate for the Republican nomination to contest the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> seat held by Democrat <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">James Eastland</a>. A group of Mississippi Republicans felt that Meredith was not a strong enough contender and did not want the party to become associated with another black candidate, and recruited Carmichael to run instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson201184_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson201184-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won the Republican primary election, but faced opposition in his bid from national Republicans. President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, though a Republican, wanted to maintain good relations with Eastland so as to ease his political interests in the federal government. A Nixon campaign official visited Carmichael and told him that if he withdrew from the race, Nixon would appoint him as an ambassador. Carmichael refused.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Vice President <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> traveled to Mississippi to host a rally, he was instructed to specifically not invite Carmichael. This action backfired, as the press learned of the maneuvering and covered Carmichael as an <a href="/wiki/Underdog" title="Underdog">underdog</a>. Carmichael ultimately lost <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1972 United States Senate election in Mississippi">the general election</a> to Eastland, taking only 39 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951–52_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200951–52-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gubernatorial_campaigns">Gubernatorial campaigns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gubernatorial campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1975, Carmichael declared his candidacy for the office of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Mississippi" title="Governor of Mississippi">Governor of Mississippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first serious Republican candidate for gubernatorial office in decades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1983190_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1983190-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/1975_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1975 Mississippi gubernatorial election">the general election</a> he faced Democrat <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Finch" title="Cliff Finch">Cliff Finch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A black politician, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_J._Kirksey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry J. Kirksey (page does not exist)">Henry J. Kirksey</a>, also ran as an independent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1983190_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1983190-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finch largely ignored his opponents and espoused vague rhetoric. Carmichael offered specific proposals and stances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019124–125_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019124–125-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supported the creation of a new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mississippi" title="Constitution of Mississippi">state constitution</a>, the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>, the supply of federal financial aid to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, gun registration,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953–54_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953–54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reduced penalties for marijuana possession, and mandatory school attendance for children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019125_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019125-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that the Republican Party should be biracial, arguing that it was "the party of emancipation, the party of homeownership, the party of individual responsibility [...] the natural party for black people to be involved in."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson201185,_91_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson201185,_91-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus he attempted to appeal to black voters, placing black politician <a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Clark_Jr." title="Robert G. Clark Jr.">Robert G. Clark Jr.</a> on his campaign strategy committee and visiting the all-black community of <a href="/wiki/Mound_Bayou,_Mississippi" title="Mound Bayou, Mississippi">Mound Bayou</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019125_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019125-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these entreaties had minimal impact.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019125–126_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson2019125–126-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carmichael ultimately lost but drew 47 percent of the vote, a high figure for a statewide Republican candidate at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBass1995215–216_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBass1995215–216-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His largest support came from urban and suburban areas. Many Republicans felt he had staked out positions viewed as too liberal by Mississippians and would have won the election otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953–54_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953–54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as a delegate at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976 Republican National Convention</a> and backed <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>'s candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson2011126_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson2011126-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convention revealed significant conservative-moderate divisions in the party as well as disagreement over race, and Carmichael declared that he wanted to ensure that the party would not become "<a href="/wiki/Lily-white_movement" title="Lily-white movement">lily white</a> and hard right".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson2011128_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson2011128-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carmichael decided to run for governor again <a href="/wiki/1979_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1979 Mississippi gubernatorial election">in 1979</a>. Finch's administration had been plagued by corruption scandals, and he hoped to exude a moderate and professional image which Mississippians would find attractive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200988_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200988-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More conservative Mississippi Republicans who blamed Carmichael for losing the 1975 race thought he should not run again and recruited another candidate for the Republican primary, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Bramlett" title="Leon Bramlett">Leon Bramlett</a>. Bramlett styled himself as the "conservative alternative" to Carmichael. Carmichael ultimately had better name recognition and prevailed in the primary, taking 17,216 votes to his opponent's 15,236.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200988–89_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200988–89-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long-time politician <a href="/wiki/William_F._Winter" title="William F. Winter">William F. Winter</a> won the Democratic primary to Carmichael's dismay; the two men exuded similar images, but Winter had more experience in government. Harmed by his divisive primary, Carmichael trailed Winter in polls and lost the general election, carrying a majority of the votes in only three counties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200991_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200991-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moderate wing of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Republican_Party" title="Mississippi Republican Party">Mississippi Republican Party</a> declined after his loss, as well as the party's attempts to secure black support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanielson2011134,_176_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanielson2011134,_176-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, Carmichael ran for the office of lieutenant governor as an independent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullockRozell2010104_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullockRozell2010104-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Making an appeal to rewrite the state constitution the centerpiece of his campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he took only 35.7 percent of the vote,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullockRozell2010104_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullockRozell2010104-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> losing to <a href="/wiki/Brad_Dye" title="Brad Dye">Brad Dye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 he delivered a series of speeches calling for the state of Mississippi to redraft its constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also advocated changing the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_state_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi state flag">Mississippi state flag</a> later in his life.<sup id="cite_ref-bonney_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973 Carmichael was appointed to the National Highway Safety Advisory Committee as a consolation for the Nixon administration's lack of support for him in the 1972 Senate race.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashTaggart200953-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became its chairman before being made the federal commissioner for the National Transportation Policy Study Commission in 1976. He left the job in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-brown_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carmichael worked in the Federal Railroad Administration from 1989 to 1993<sup id="cite_ref-obit_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and strongly supported <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">intermodal freight transport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He created the Transportation Institute at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Denver" title="University of Denver">University of Denver</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> Reform Council. He was made chairman the following year and left the council in mid-2002.<sup id="cite_ref-foran_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foran-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The body produced recommendations to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> on ways to improve the financial viability of Amtrak.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1993 to 2002 he wrote a column for <i>Progressive Railroading</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-foran_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foran-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carmichael died of a heart attack at Anderson Regional Medical Center in Meridian, Mississippi on January 31, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A funeral was held for him at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Meridian on February 5.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CLobit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CLobit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLobit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLobit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2022</span> – via CyberCemetery.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+History+of+the+Amtrak+Reform+Council&rft.pub=Amtrak+Reform+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovinfo.library.unt.edu%2Farc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clarkecountytrib.com/obituaries/gilbert-ellzey-gil-carmichael#sthash.Jv21Sqr5.dpbs">"Gilbert Ellzey (Gil) Carmichael"</a>. <i>The Clarke County Tribune</i>. February 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Clarke+County+Tribune&rft.atitle=Gilbert+Ellzey+%28Gil%29+Carmichael&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarkecountytrib.com%2Fobituaries%2Fgilbert-ellzey-gil-carmichael%23sthash.Jv21Sqr5.dpbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Carmichael&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBass1995" class="citation book cs1">Bass, Jack (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W09OtCyHMI4C"><i>The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945</i></a> (reprint ed.). University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820317281" title="Special:BookSources/9780820317281"><bdi>9780820317281</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+Southern+Politics%3A+Social+Change+and+Political+Consequence+Since+1945&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780820317281&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW09OtCyHMI4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullockRozell2010" class="citation book cs1">Bullock, Charles S.; Rozell, Mark J., eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zvqBfXjhqQUC"><i>The New Politics of the Old South: An Introduction to Southern Politics</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742570214" title="Special:BookSources/9780742570214"><bdi>9780742570214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Politics+of+the+Old+South%3A+An+Introduction+to+Southern+Politics&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780742570214&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzvqBfXjhqQUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielson2011" class="citation book cs1">Danielson, Chris (2011). <i>After Freedom Summer : How Race Realigned Mississippi Politics, 1965–1986</i>. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813037387" title="Special:BookSources/9780813037387"><bdi>9780813037387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Freedom+Summer+%3A+How+Race+Realigned+Mississippi+Politics%2C+1965%E2%80%931986&rft.place=Gainesville&rft.pub=University+of+Florida+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780813037387&rft.aulast=Danielson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielson2019" class="citation journal cs1">Danielson, Chris (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mississippihistory.org/sites/default/files/spring_summer_2019_final.pdf">"Cliff Finch (1976-1980) and the Limits of Racial Integration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Journal of Mississippi History</i>. <b>LXXXI</b> (1–2): 121–132. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2771">0022-2771</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Mississippi+History&rft.atitle=Cliff+Finch+%281976-1980%29+and+the+Limits+of+Racial+Integration&rft.volume=LXXXI&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=121-132&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=0022-2771&rft.aulast=Danielson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mississippihistory.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fspring_summer_2019_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonPutnam2013" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, June Davis; Putnam, Richelle (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Tf8AAAAQBAJ"><i>Legendary Locals of Meridian</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467100793" title="Special:BookSources/9781467100793"><bdi>9781467100793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legendary+Locals+of+Meridian&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781467100793&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=June+Davis&rft.au=Putnam%2C+Richelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Tf8AAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1983" class="citation journal cs1">Foster, E. C. (1983). "A Time of Challenge: Afro-Mississippi Political Developments Since 1965". <i>The Journal of Negro History</i>. <b>68</b> (2): 185–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2717721">10.2307/2717721</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717721">2717721</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149567064">149567064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Negro+History&rft.atitle=A+Time+of+Challenge%3A+Afro-Mississippi+Political+Developments+Since+1965&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-200&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149567064%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2717721%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2717721&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=E.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHathorn1985" class="citation journal cs1">Hathorn, Billy Burton (November 1985). "Challenging the Status Quo: Rubel Lex Phillips and the Mississippi Republican Party (1963–1967)". <i>The Journal of Mississippi History</i>. <b>XLVII</b> (4): 240–265.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Mississippi+History&rft.atitle=Challenging+the+Status+Quo%3A+Rubel+Lex+Phillips+and+the+Mississippi+Republican+Party+%281963%E2%80%931967%29&rft.volume=XLVII&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=240-265&rft.date=1985-11&rft.aulast=Hathorn&rft.aufirst=Billy+Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNashTaggart2009" class="citation book cs1">Nash, Jere; Taggart, Andy (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avs12QS3EZ4C"><i>Mississippi Politics: The Struggle for Power, 1976-2008</i></a> (second ed.). University Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604733570" title="Special:BookSources/9781604733570"><bdi>9781604733570</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mississippi+Politics%3A+The+Struggle+for+Power%2C+1976-2008&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781604733570&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=Jere&rft.au=Taggart%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Davs12QS3EZ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGil+Carmichael" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_Walker" title="Prentiss Walker">Prentiss Walker</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Mississippi">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1972 United States Senate election in Mississippi">1972</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Thad Cochran</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Rubel_Phillips" title="Rubel Phillips">Rubel Phillips</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Mississippi">Governor of Mississippi</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1975_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1975 Mississippi gubernatorial election">1975</a>, <a href="/wiki/1979_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1979 Mississippi gubernatorial election">1979</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Bramlett" title="Leon Bramlett">Leon Bramlett</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/224262/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqk3KHWxxY6DmyTRT6BT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carmichael, Gilbert E."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88613295">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35125491">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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