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glucosidase</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: glucosidase"> <meta name="keywords" content="glucosidase"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="glucosidase"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 56</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: glucosidase</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase by Curcumin and Its Analogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Feng%20Hsieh">Jung-Feng Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chu%20Ze%20Chen"> Chu Ze Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Curcumin is the main active compound of turmeric that can inhibit the activities of α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase (XO). α-Glucosidase and XO inhibitors are widely used to treat patients with diabetes mellitus and gout, respectively; therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the inhibitory activities of curcumin and its analogs against α-glucosidase and XO. Our results demonstrated that CM-F had the strongest antioxidant activity with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 9.39 ± 0.16 μM, which was superior to vitamin E (EC50=17.03 ± 0.09 μM). CM-F also exhibited potent inhibitory activity against XO with an IC50 value of 6.14 ± 0.38 μM and enzyme kinetic results revealed competitive inhibition of XO. We also found that CM-1 and CM-2 inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 21.06 ± 0.92 μM and 5.95 ± 0.09 μM, respectively, and kinetic studies indicated that both CM-1 and CM-2 are mixed competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Furthermore, docking simulation identified five hydrogen bonds between XO and CM-F; however, only one and two hydrogen bonds are involved in CM-1 and CM-2 binding to α-glucosidase, respectively. Accordingly, curcumin and its analogs have the potential to be used in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and gout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcumin" title="curcumin">curcumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitor" title=" inhibitor"> inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthine%20oxidase" title=" xanthine oxidase"> xanthine oxidase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80143/inhibition-of-a-glucosidase-and-xanthine-oxidase-by-curcumin-and-its-analogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> In Silico Study of Alpha glucosidase Inhibitors by Flavonoids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukli%20Hacene%20Faiza">Boukli Hacene Faiza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soufi%20Wassila"> Soufi Wassila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghalem%20Said"> Ghalem Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oral antidiabetics drugs such as alpha glucosidase inhibitors present undesirable effects like acarbose. Flavonoids are class of molecules widely distributed in plants, for this reason we are interested in our work to study the inhibition in silico of alpha glucosidase by natural ligands ( flavonoids analogues) using molecular modeling methods using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) software to predict their interaction with this enzyme with score energy, ADME /T tests and druglikeness properties experiments. Two flavonoids Beicalein and Apigenin have high binding affinity with alpha glucosidase with lower IC50 supposed potent inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha%20glucosidase" title="alpha glucosidase">alpha glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoides%20analogues" title=" flavonoides analogues"> flavonoides analogues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20research" title=" drug research"> drug research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20modeling" title=" molecular modeling"> molecular modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156715/in-silico-study-of-alpha-glucosidase-inhibitors-by-flavonoids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Beta-Glucosidase of Streptomyces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Abate">Adam Abate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Rasti"> Elham Rasti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Romero"> Philip Romero </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Beta-glucosidase is the key enzyme component present in cellulase and completes the final step during cellulose hydrolysis by converting the cellobiose to glucose. The regulatory properties of beta-glucosidases are most commonly found for the retaining and inverting enzymes. Hydrolysis of a glycoside typically occurs with general acid and general base assistance from two amino acid side chains, normally glutamic or aspartic acids. In order to obtain more detailed information on the dynamic events origination from the interaction with enzyme active site, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations of beta-glycosidase in protonated state (Glu-H178) and deprotonated state (Glu178). The theoretical models generated from our molecular dynamics simulations complement and advance the structural information currently available, leading to a more detailed understanding of Beta-glycosidase structure and function. This article presents the important role of Asn307 in enzyme activity of beta-glucosidase <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beta-glucosidase" title="Beta-glucosidase">Beta-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GROMACS" title=" GROMACS"> GROMACS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20parameters" title=" structural parameters "> structural parameters </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31578/molecular-dynamics-simulation-of-beta-glucosidase-of-streptomyces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten on Glucose Uptake and Insulin Sensitivity in Pancreatic β Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem">Kang-Hyun Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim"> Hye Kyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) has a global distribution and have been used for medicinal benefits such as artherosclerosis, diabetes, gastritis, and hyperglycemia. However, very little information is currently available for their mechanism. The prikly pear variety Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten (OFS) is widely cultivated in Cheju Island, southwestern region of Korea, and used as a functional food. Present study investigated the effects of OFS on pancreatic β-cell function using pancreatic islet β cells (HIT cell). Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, glucose uptake, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic β cell proliferation were determined. The inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of OFS stem on α-glucosidase enzyme was measured in a cell free system. Glucose uptake was determined using fluorescent glucose analogue, 2-NBDG. Insulin secretion was measured by ELISA assay. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Ethanol extracts of OFS dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity as well as glucose uptake. Insulinotrophic effect of OFS extract was observed at high glucose media in pancreatic β-islet cells. Furthermore, pancreatic β cell regeneration was also observed.These results suggest that OFS mediates the antidiabetic activity mainly via α-glucosidase inhibition, glucose uptake, and improved insulin sensitivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prickly%20pear%20cactus" title="prickly pear cactus">prickly pear cactus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opuntia%20ficus-indica%20var.%20Saboten" title=" Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten"> Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatic%20islet%20HIT%20cells" title=" pancreatic islet HIT cells"> pancreatic islet HIT cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20uptake" title=" glucose uptake"> glucose uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulinotrophic" title=" insulinotrophic"> insulinotrophic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32210/effects-of-opuntia-ficus-indica-var-saboten-on-glucose-uptake-and-insulin-sensitivity-in-pancreatic-v-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Antidiabetic and Admet Pharmacokinetic Properties of Grewia Lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv. Stem Bark Extracts: An in Vitro and in Silico Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akwu%20N.%20A.">Akwu N. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naidoo%20Y."> Naidoo Y.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salau%20V.%20F."> Salau V. F.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olofinsan%20K.%20A."> Olofinsan K. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. (Malvaceae) is a Southern African medicinal plant indigenously used with other plants for birthing problems. The anti-diabetic properties of the hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of Grewia lasiocarpa stem bark were assessed using in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay. The predictive in silico drug-likeness and toxicity properties of the phytocompounds were conducted using the pKCSM, ADMElab, and SwissADME computer-aided online tools. The highest α-glucosidase percentage inhibition was observed in the hexane extract (86.76%, IC50= 0.24 mg/mL), followed by chloroform (63.08%, IC50= 4.87 mg/mL) and methanol (53.22%, IC50= 9.41 mg/mL); while acarbose, the standard anti-diabetic drug was (84.54%, IC50= 1.96 mg/mL). The α-glucosidase assay revealed that the hexane extract exhibited the strongest carbohydrate inhibiting capacity and is a better inhibitor than the standard reference drug-acarbose. The computational studies also affirm the results observed in the in vitroα-glucosidaseassay. Thus, the extracts of G. lasiocarpa may be considered a potential plant-sourced compound for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is the first study on the anti-diabetic properties of Grewia lasiocarpa hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts using in vitro and in silico models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grewia%20lasiocarpa" title="grewia lasiocarpa">grewia lasiocarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase%20inhibition" title=" α-glucosidase inhibition"> α-glucosidase inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-diabetes" title=" anti-diabetes"> anti-diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADMET" title=" ADMET"> ADMET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151917/antidiabetic-and-admet-pharmacokinetic-properties-of-grewia-lasiocarpa-e-mey-ex-harv-stem-bark-extracts-an-in-vitro-and-in-silico-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Mechanism of in Vitro Inhibition of Alpha-Amylase, Alpha-Glucosidase by Ethanolic Extracts of Polyalthia Longifolia, Its in Vitro Cytotoxicity on L6, Vero Cell-Lines and Influence of Glucose Uptake by Rat Hemi-Diaphragm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Gayathri">P. Gayathri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20P.%20Jeyanthi"> G. P. Jeyanthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bark of Polyalthia longifolia is used in ayurvedic system of medicine for the manangement of various ailments including diabetes mellitus. The bark of P. longifolia extracts was extracted using various polar and non-polar solvents and tested for inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase among which the ethanolic extracts were found to be more potent. The ethanolic extracts of the bark were tested for the in vitro inhibition of alpha-amylase using starch as substrate and alpha-glucosidase using p-nitro phenyl alpha-D-gluco pyranoside as substrate to establish its in vitro antidiabetic effect. The mechanism of inhibition was determined by Dixon plot and Cornish-Bowden plot. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was tested on L6 and Vero cell-lines. The extract was partially purified by TLC. The individual effect of the ethanolic extract, TLC fractions and its combinatorial effect with insulin and glibenclamide on glucose uptake by rat hemi-diaphragm were studied.Results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of Polyalthia longifolia bark exhibited competitive inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. The extracts were also found not to be cytotoxic at the highest dose of 1 mg/mL. Glucose uptake study revealed that the extract alone and when combined with insulin, decreased the glucose uptake when compared to insulin control, however the purified TLC fractions exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) glucose uptake by the rat hemi-diaphragm when compared to insulin. The study shows various possible mechanism of in vitro antidiabetic effect of the P. longifolia bark. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha-amylase" title="alpha-amylase">alpha-amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha-glucosidase" title=" alpha-glucosidase"> alpha-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dixon" title=" dixon"> dixon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cornish-bowden" title=" cornish-bowden"> cornish-bowden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L6" title=" L6 "> L6 </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vero%20cell-lines" title=" Vero cell-lines"> Vero cell-lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20uptake" title=" glucose uptake"> glucose uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyalthia%20longifolia%20bark" title=" polyalthia longifolia bark"> polyalthia longifolia bark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanolic%20extract" title=" ethanolic extract"> ethanolic extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TLC%20fractions" title=" TLC fractions"> TLC fractions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34899/mechanism-of-in-vitro-inhibition-of-alpha-amylase-alpha-glucosidase-by-ethanolic-extracts-of-polyalthia-longifolia-its-in-vitro-cytotoxicity-on-l6-vero-cell-lines-and-influence-of-glucose-uptake-by-rat-hemi-diaphragm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Derris scandens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devarakonda%20Ramadevi">Devarakonda Ramadevi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dasari%20Rambabu"> Dasari Rambabu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Suresh%20Babu"> K. Suresh Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Battu%20Ganga%20Rao"> Battu Ganga Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20Sirisha%20Kotikalapudi"> Lakshmi Sirisha Kotikalapudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phytochemical and biological evaluation of the whole plant of Derris scandens is belonging to the family fabaceae. The dried plant of D.scandens was procured from the tirumala. The completely dried powder of the whole plant was taken and ground to a coarse powder which was then subjected to Soxhlet extraction with hexane and chloroform successively for 36 hrs. Chloroform extract was filtered and concentrated by using rotary evaporator an about 100g extract was obtained. The chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatographed over silicagel. From the column chromatography seven compounds were isolated named as osajin, scandinone, scandenone, 4,5,7-tri hydroxy biprenyl isoflavone, derris isoflavone-A, scandenin and isoscandinone. D.scandens resulting in the isolation of seven compounds in the plant was confirmed by spectral data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and FTIR). The isolated compounds were screened for antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, α-glucosidase (inhibitory activity) and anti-bacterial activity. The isolated seven compounds were tested for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. All the seven compounds showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and moderate antioxidant activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derris%20scandens" title="Derris scandens">Derris scandens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical" title=" phytochemical"> phytochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxident" title=" antioxident"> antioxident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antidiabetic" title=" antidiabetic"> antidiabetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59490/phytochemical-and-biological-evaluation-of-derris-scandens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Phytochemicals from Enantia Chlorantha Stem Bark Inhibits the Activity ?-Amylase and ?-Glucosidase: Molecular Docking Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammed%20Tanimowo%20Aiyelabegan">Hammed Tanimowo Aiyelabegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluchukwu%20Franklin%20Aladi"> Oluchukwu Franklin Aladi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutiu%20Adewumi%20Alabi"> Mutiu Adewumi Alabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raliat%20Abimbola%20Aladodo"> Raliat Abimbola Aladodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Oladipupo%20Ajani"> Emmanuel Oladipupo Ajani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulganiyu%20Giwa"> Abdulganiyu Giwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Owolabi"> Esther Owolabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activities of ligands from Enantia chlorantha stem bark on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In silico pharmacokinetic properties and docking scores were employed to analyse the inhibition using SwissADME and Autodock4.2, respectively. Results revealed that drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability radar of all the ligands except jatrorrhizine and acarbose falls within the radar according to the Lipinski rule of 5. The binding energies of the protein-ligand interactions also show that the ligand fits into the active site. The results obtained from this study show that the chemical constituents from Enantia chlorantha stem bark may bring about positive physiological changes in a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus. Further in vitro studies on diabetes cell lines and in vivo studies on the animal may validate these compounds for diabetes treatment. These phytoconstituents could help in the development of novel anti-diabetic molecules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title="diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%3F-amylase" title=" ?-amylase"> ?-amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%3F-glucosidase" title=" ?-glucosidase"> ?-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20silico" title=" in silico"> in silico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enantia%20chlorantha%20stem%20bark" title=" Enantia chlorantha stem bark"> Enantia chlorantha stem bark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145916/phytochemicals-from-enantia-chlorantha-stem-bark-inhibits-the-activity-amylase-and-glucosidase-molecular-docking-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Biological Activity of Bilberry Pomace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordana%20S.%20%C4%86etkovi%C4%87">Gordana S. Ćetković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vesna%20T.%20Tumbas%20%C5%A0aponjac"> Vesna T. Tumbas Šaponjac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonja%20M.%20Djilas"> Sonja M. Djilas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasna%20M.%20%C4%8Canadanovi%C4%87-Brunet"> Jasna M. Čanadanović-Brunet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sladjana%20M.%20Staj%C4%8Di%C4%87"> Sladjana M. Stajčić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20J.%20Vuli%C4%87"> Jelena J. Vulić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bilberry is one of the most important dietary sources of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides and flavan-3-ols. These phytochemicals have different biological activities and therefore may improve our health condition. Also, anthocyanins are interesting to the food industry as colourants. In the present study, bilberry pomace, a by-product of juice processing, was used as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The contents of total phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins in bilberry pomace were determined by HPLC/UV-Vis. The biological activities of bilberry pomace were evaluated by reducing power (RP) and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential (α-GIP), and expressed as RP0.5 value (the effective concentration of bilberry pomace extract assigned at 0.5 value of absorption) and IC50 value (the concentration of bilberry pomace extract necessary to inhibit 50% of α-glucosidase enzyme activity). Total phenolic acids content was 807.12 ± 25.16 mg/100 g pomace, flavonoids 54.36 ± 1.83mg/100 g pomace and anthocyanins 3426.18 ± 112.09 mg/100 g pomace. The RP0.5 value of bilberry pomace was 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/ml, while IC50 value was 1.82 ± 0.11 mg/ml. These results have revealed the potential for valorization of bilberry juice production by-products for further industrial use as a rich source of bioactive compounds and natural colourants (mainly anthocyanins). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilberry%20pomace" title="bilberry pomace">bilberry pomace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolics" title=" phenolics"> phenolics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reducing%20power" title=" reducing power"> reducing power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase%20enzyme%20activity" title=" α-glucosidase enzyme activity"> α-glucosidase enzyme activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21890/biological-activity-of-bilberry-pomace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Hypotensive Effects Affected by Various Molecular Weights of Cold Water Extract from Pleurotus Citrinopileatus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pao-Huei%20Chen">Pao-Huei Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Mei%20Lin"> Shu-Mei Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yih-Ming%20Weng"> Yih-Ming Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zer-Ran%20Yu"> Zer-Ran Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Be-Jen%20Wang"> Be-Jen Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase are the critical enzymes for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into di- or mono-saccharide, which play an important role in modulating postprandial blood sugars. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts inactive angiotensin-I into active angiotensin-II, which subsequently increase blood pressure through triggering vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion. Thus, inhibition of carbohydrate-digestion enzymes and ACE will help the management of blood glucose and blood pressure, respectively. Studies showed Pleurotus citrinopileatus (PC), an edible mushroom and commonly cultured in oriental countries, exerted anticancer, immune improving, antioxidative, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Previous studies also showed various molecular weights (MW) fractioned from extracts may affect biological activities due to varying contents of bioactive components. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypotenstive effects and distribution of active compounds of various MWs of cold water extract from P. citrinopileatus (CWEPC). CWEPC was fractioned into four various MW fractions, PC-I (＜1 kDa), PC-II (1-3.5 kDa), PC-III (3.5-10 kDa), and PC-IV (＞10 kDa), using an ultrafiltration system. The physiological activities, including antioxidant activities, the inhibition capabilities of pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase, and hypertension-linked ACE, and the active components, including polysaccharides, protein, and phenolic contents, of CWEPC and four fractions were determined. The results showed that fractions with lower MW exerted a higher antioxidant activity (p<0.05), which was positively correlated to the levels of total phenols. In contrast, the inhibition effects on the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE of PC-IV fraction were significantly higher than CWEPC and the other three low MW fractions (< 10 kDa), which was more related to protein contents. The inhibition capability of CWEPC and PC-IV on α-amylase activity was 1/13.4 to 1/2.7 relative to that of acarbose (positive control), respectively. However, the inhibitory ability of PC-IV on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.5 mg/mL) was significantly higher than acarbose (IC50 = 1.7 mg/mL). Kinetic data revealed that PC-IV fraction followed a non-competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase activity. In conclusion, the distribution of various bioactive components contribute to the functions of different MW fractions on oxidative stress prevention, and blood pressure and glucose modulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-Amylase" title="α-Amylase">α-Amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angiotensin%20converting%20enzyme" title=" angiotensin converting enzyme"> angiotensin converting enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-Glucosidase" title=" α-Glucosidase"> α-Glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pleurotus%20citrinopileatus" title=" Pleurotus citrinopileatus"> Pleurotus citrinopileatus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25984/antioxidant-hypoglycemic-and-hypotensive-effects-affected-by-various-molecular-weights-of-cold-water-extract-from-pleurotus-citrinopileatus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> The Role of Polyphenolic Compounds in the Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Potentials of Extracts from the Leaves of Acalypha godseffiana from Eastern Nigeria: An in-vitro Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Asekunowo">A. K. Asekunowo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%20O.%20T.%20Asafa"> A O. T. Asafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Okoh"> O. O. Okoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20T.%20Asekun"> O. T. Asekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20B.%20Familoni"> O. B. Familoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Acalypha godseffiana is an important plant used both as an ornamental and herbs; its leaves are employed in management of diseases such as diabetics in Eastern Nigeria. Aim: The correlations of the polyphenolic compounds in the hypoglycemic potential of different extracts of leaves of A. godseffiana and their safety profile on cell lines were investigated. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical compositions and antioxidants potentials were determined using adopted methods. An in vitro approach was employed in determining the hypoglycemic potentials of the extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The Line weaver-Burke plot was used to evaluate the mechanisms of Inhibition mechanisms of the enzymes. Results and Conclusions: Antioxidants results revealed that total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the acetone extract (IC50: 0.34 mg/mL) showed better activity compared to the standards (silymarine 0.52 mg/mL; gallic acid 0.51 mg/mL). In-vitro hypoglycemic activity of the extracts confirmed that acetone extract demonstrated strong and mild inhibitory potential against α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. The observed activity was concentration-dependent with IC50 values of 2.33 and 0.13 mg/mL. The observed hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant potentials of acetone extract A. godseffiana correlate to its high polyphenolic contents which include phenols (133.20 mg gallic acid g-1), flavonoid (350.60 mg quercetin g-1) and tannins (264.67 mg catechin g-1). The mechanisms of action exhibited by acetone extract of A. godseffiana were mixed non-competitive and uncompetitive; which can be attributed to its inhibitory properties on α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. This effect would cause reduction in the rate at which starch hydrolyse, boost palliated glucose levels; hence, making acetone extract of A. godseffiana a potential anti-hypoglycemic alternative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acalypha%20godeseffiana" title="Acalypha godeseffiana">Acalypha godeseffiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetone%20extract" title=" acetone extract"> acetone extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-hypoglycemia" title=" anti-hypoglycemia"> anti-hypoglycemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61511/the-role-of-polyphenolic-compounds-in-the-alpha-amylase-and-alpha-glucosidase-inhibitory-potentials-of-extracts-from-the-leaves-of-acalypha-godseffiana-from-eastern-nigeria-an-in-vitro-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Structure, Bioinformatics Analysis and Substrate Specificity of a 6-Phospho-β-Glucosidase Glycoside Hydrolase 1 Enzyme from Bacillus licheniformis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wayde%20Veldman">Wayde Veldman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozlem%20T.%20Bishop"> Ozlem T. Bishop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Polikarpov"> Igor Polikarpov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In bacteria, mono and disaccharides are phosphorylated during uptake into the cell via the widely used phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase transport system. As an initial step in the phosphorylated disaccharide metabolism pathway, certain glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) enzymes play a crucial role in releasing phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated monosaccharides. However, structural determinants for the specificity of these enzymes still need to be clarified. GH1 enzymes are known to have a wide array of functions. According to the CAZy database, there are twenty-one different enzymatic activities in the GH1 family. Here, the structure and substrate specificity of a GH1 enzyme from Bacillus licheniformis, hereafter known as BlBglH, was investigated. The sequence of the enzyme BlBglH was compared to the sequences of other characterized GH1 enzymes using sequence alignment, sequence identity calculations, phylogenetic analysis, and motif discovery. Through these various analyses, BlBglH was found to have sequence features characteristic of the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase activity enzymes. Additionally, motif and structure comparisons of the three most commonly studied GH1 enzyme-activities revealed a shared loop amongst the different structures that consist of different sequence motifs – this loop is thought to guide specific substrates (depending on activity) towards the active-site. To further affirm BlBglH enzyme activity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Docking was carried out using 6-phospho-β-glucosidase enzyme-activity positive (p-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside-6-phosphate) and negative (p-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside-6-phosphate) control ligands, followed by 400 ns molecular dynamics simulations. The positive-control ligand maintained favourable interactions within the active site until the end of the simulation. The negative-control ligand was observed exiting the enzyme at 287 ns. Binding free energy calculations showed that the positive-control complex had a substantially more favourable binding energy compared to the negative-control complex. Jointly, the findings of this study suggest that the BlBglH enzyme possesses 6-phospho-β-glucosidase enzymatic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6-P-%CE%B2-glucosidase" title="6-P-β-glucosidase">6-P-β-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycoside%20hydrolase%201" title=" glycoside hydrolase 1"> glycoside hydrolase 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequence%20analysis" title=" sequence analysis"> sequence analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20specificity" title=" substrate specificity"> substrate specificity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120700/structure-bioinformatics-analysis-and-substrate-specificity-of-a-6-phospho-v-glucosidase-glycoside-hydrolase-1-enzyme-from-bacillus-licheniformis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Assessing Digestive Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of Anthocyanins and Procyanidins from Apple, Red Grape, Cinnamon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pinar%20Ercan">Pinar Ercan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedef%20N.%20El"> Sedef N. El</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goals of this study were to determine the total anthocyanin and procyanidin contents and their in vitro bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape and cinnamon by a static in vitro digestion method reported by the COST FA1005 Action INFOGEST, as well as in vitro inhibitory effects of these food samples on starch and lipid digestive enzymes. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164.76 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432.54±177.31 mg/100 g) among the selected food samples (p<0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.23±1 %, 8.23±0.64 %, and 8.73±0.70 % in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57±0.71 %, 14.08±0.74 % and 18.75±1.49 %, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544.27±21.94, 445.63±15.67, 1592±17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.41±7.26, 56.12±3.60, 3.54±0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.65±2.05, 581.70±54.14, 49.63±2.72 μg/mL, respectively). Red grape sample showed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, cinnamon showed the highest inhibitory activity against α-amylase and lipase according to IC50 (concentration of inhibitor required to produce a 50% inhibition of the initial rate of reaction) and Catechin equivalent inhibition capacity (CEIC50) values. This study reported that apple, grape and cinnamon samples can inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes in vitro. The consumption of these samples would be used in conjunction with a low-calorie diet for body weight management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthocyanin" title="anthocyanin">anthocyanin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-amylase" title=" α-amylase"> α-amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipase" title=" lipase"> lipase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procyanidin" title=" procyanidin"> procyanidin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81744/assessing-digestive-enzymes-inhibitory-properties-of-anthocyanins-and-procyanidins-from-apple-red-grape-cinnamon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Fatty Acid Composition, Total Sugar Content and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Methanol and Water Extracts of Nine Different Fruit Tree Leaves Collected from Mediterranean Region of Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sengul%20Uysal">Sengul Uysal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Zengin"> Gokhan Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahman%20Aktumsek"> Abdurrahman Aktumsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukru%20Karatas"> Sukru Karatas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we determined the total sugar content, fatty acid compositions and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of methanolic and water extracts of nine different fruit tree leaves. α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity were determined by using Caraway-Somogyi–iodine/potassium iodide (IKI) and 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate, respectively. Total sugar content of the nine different fruit tree leaves varies from 281.02 mg GE/g (glucose equivalents) to 643.96 mg GE/g. Methanolic extract from avocado leaves had the strongest in α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 69.21% and 96.26 %, respectively. Fatty acid composition of nine fruit tree leaves was characterized by GC (gas chromatography) and twenty-four components were identified. Among the tested fruit tree leaves, the main component was linolenic acid (49.09%). The level of essential fatty acids are over 50% in mulberry, grape and loquat leaves. PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were major group of fatty acids present in oils of mulberry, fig, pomegranate, grape, and loquat leaves. Therefore, these oils can be considered as a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, avocado can be regarded as a new source for diabetic therapies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20compositions" title="fatty acid compositions">fatty acid compositions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20sugar%20contents" title=" total sugar contents"> total sugar contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-amylase" title=" α-amylase"> α-amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20tree%20leaves" title=" fruit tree leaves"> fruit tree leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19405/fatty-acid-composition-total-sugar-content-and-anti-diabetic-activity-of-methanol-and-water-extracts-of-nine-different-fruit-tree-leaves-collected-from-mediterranean-region-of-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> In vitro α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) with Different Stage of Maturity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Percin">P. S. Percin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Inanli"> O. Inanli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Karakaya"> S. Karakaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a medicinal vegetable, which is used traditionally to remedy diabetes. Bitter melon contains several classes of primary and secondary metabolites. In traditional Turkish medicine bitter melon is used for wound healing and treatment of peptic ulcers. Nowadays, bitter melon is used for the treatment of diabetes and ulcerative colitis in many countries. The main constituents of bitter melon, which are responsible for the anti-diabetic effects, are triterpene, protein, steroid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds. In this study total phenolics, total carotenoids and β-carotene contents of mature and immature bitter melons were determined. In addition, in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities of mature and immature bitter melons were studied. Total phenolic contents of immature and mature bitter melon were 74 and 123 mg CE/g bitter melon respectively. Although total phenolics of mature bitter melon was higher than that of immature bitter melon, this difference was not found statistically significant (p > 0.05). Carotenoids, a diverse group of more than 600 naturally occurring red, orange and yellow pigments, play important roles in many physiological processes both in plants and humans. The total carotenoid content of mature bitter melon was 4.36 fold higher than the total carotenoid content of immature bitter melon. The compounds that have hypoglycaemic effect of bitter melon are steroidal saponins known as charantin, insulin-like peptides and alkaloids. α-Amylase is one of the main enzymes in human that is responsible for the breakdown of starch to more simple sugars. Therefore, the inhibitors of this enzyme can delay the carbohydrate digestion and reduce the rate of glucose absorption. The immature bitter melon extract showed α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. α-Amylase inhibitory activity was higher than that of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity when IC50 values were compared. In conclusion, the present results provide evidence that aqueous extract of bitter melon may have an inhibitory effect on carbohydrate breakdown enzymes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitter%20melon" title="bitter melon">bitter melon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20antidiabetic%20activity" title=" in vitro antidiabetic activity"> in vitro antidiabetic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20carotenoids" title=" total carotenoids"> total carotenoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenols" title=" total phenols"> total phenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81770/in-vitro-a-amylase-and-a-glucosidase-inhibitory-activities-of-bitter-melon-momordica-charantia-with-different-stage-of-maturity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Natural Extracts From Spontaneous Plant on the Α-Amylase and Α–Glucosidase and Their Antioxidant Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihcen%20Khacheba">Ihcen Khacheba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Djeridane"> Amar Djeridane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkarim%20%20Kamli"> Abdelkarim Kamli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Yousfi"> Mohamed Yousfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant materials constitute an important source of natural bioactive molecules. Thus plants have been used from antiquity as sources of medicament against various diseases. These properties are usually attributed to secondary metabolites that are the subject of a lot of research in this field. This is particularly the case of phenolic compounds plants that are widely renowned in therapeutics as anti-inflammatories, enzyme inhibitors, and antioxidants, particularly flavonoïds. With the aim of acquiring a better knowledge of the secondary metabolism of the vegetable kingdom in the region of Laghouat and of the discovering of new natural therapeutics, 10 extracts from 5 Saharan plant species were submitted to chemical screening.The analysis of the preceding biological targets led to the evaluation of the biological activity of the extracts of the species Genista Corsica. The first step, consists in extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds. The second step has been devoted to stugying the effects of phenolic compounds on the kinetics catalyzed by two enzymes belonging to the class of hydrolase (the α-amylase and α-glucosidase) responsible for the digestion of sugars and finally we evaluate the antiantioxidant potential. The analysis results of phenolic extracts show clearly a low content of phenolic compounds in investigated plants. Average total phenolics ranged from 0.0017 to 11.35 mg equivalent gallic acid/g of the crude extract. Whereas the total flavonoids content lie between 0.0015 and 10.,96 mg/g equivalent of rutin. The results of the kinetic study of enzymatic reactions show that the extracts have inhibitory effects on both enzymes, with IC50 values ranging from 95.03 µg/ml to 1033.53 µg/ml for the α-amylase and 279.99 µg/ml to 1215.43 µg/ml for α-glucosidase whose greatest inhibition was found for the acetone extract of June (IC50 = 95.03 µg/ml). The results the antioxidant activity determined by ABTS, DPPH, and phosphomolybdenum tests clearly showed a good antioxidant capacity comparatively to antioxidants taken as reference the biological potential of these plants and could find their use in medicine to replace synthetic products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20extracts" title="phenolic extracts">phenolic extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition%20effect" title=" inhibition effect"> inhibition effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-amylase" title=" α-amylase"> α-amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13349/evaluation-of-the-inhibitory-activity-of-natural-extracts-from-spontaneous-plant-on-the-a-amylase-and-a-glucosidase-and-their-antioxidant-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Qualitative and Quantitative Screening of Biochemical Compositions for Six Selected Marine Macroalgae from Mediterranean Coast of Egypt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madelyn%20N.%20Moawad">Madelyn N. Moawad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hermine%20R.%20Z.%20Tadros"> Hermine R. Z. Tadros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20G.%20Ghobrial"> Mary G. Ghobrial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20R.%20Bassiouny"> Ahmad R. Bassiouny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20M.%20Kandeel"> Kamal M. Kandeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athar%20Ata"> Athar Ata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seaweeds are potential renewable resources in marine environment. They provide an excellent source of bioactive substances such as dietary fibers and various functional polysaccharides that could potentially be used as ingredients for both human and animal health applications. The observations suggested that these bioactive compounds have strong antioxidant properties, which have beneficial effects on human health. The present research aimed at finding new chemical products from local marine macroalgae for natural medicinal uses and consumption for their nutritional values. Macroalgae samples were collected manually mainly from the Mediterranean Sea at shallow subtidal zone of Abu Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. The chemical compositions of lyophilized materials of six selected macroalgal species; Colpomenia sinuosa, Sargassum linifolium, Padina pavonia, Pterocladiella capillacea, Laurencia pinnatifidia, and Caulerpa racemosa, were investigated for proteins using bovine serum albumin, and carbohydrates were assayed by phenol-sulfuric acid reaction. The macroalgae lipid was extracted with chloroform, methanol and phosphate buffer. Vitamins were extracted using trichloroacetic acid. Chlorophylls and total carotenoids were determined spectrophotometrically and total phenols were extracted with methanol. In addition, lipid-soluble, and water-soluble antioxidant, and anti α-glucosidase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity of hexane extracts was investigated using phosphomolybdenum reagent. The anti-α-glucosidase effect measurement was initiated by mixing α-glucosidase solution with p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside. The results showed that the ash contents varied from 11.2 to 35.4 % on dry weight basis for P. capillacea and Laurencia pinnatifidia, respectively. The protein contents ranged from 5.63 % in brown macroalgae C. sinuosa to 8.73 % in P. pavonia. A relative wide range in carbohydrate contents was observed (20.06–46.75 %) for the test algal species. The highest lipid percentage was found in green alga C. racemosa (5.91%) followed by brown algae P. pavonia (3.57%) and C. sinuosa (2.64%). The phenolic contents varied from 1.32 mg GAE/g for C. sinuosa to 4.00 mg GAE/g in P. pavonia. The lipid-soluble compounds exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (73.18-145.95 µM/g) than that of the water-soluble ones ranging from 24.83 µM/g in C. racemosa to 74.07 µM/g in S. linifolium. The most potent anti-α-glucosidase activity was observed for P. pavonia with IC50 of 17.12 μg/ml followed by S. linifolium (IC50 = 71.75 μg/ml), C. racemosa (IC50 = 84.73 μg/ml), P. capillacea (IC50 = 92.16 μg/ml), C. sinuosa (IC50 = 112.44 μg/ml), and L. pinnatifida (IC50 = 115.11 μg/ml). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title="α-glucosidase">α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyophilized" title=" lyophilized"> lyophilized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroalgae" title=" macroalgae"> macroalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrophotometrically" title=" spectrophotometrically"> spectrophotometrically</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76229/qualitative-and-quantitative-screening-of-biochemical-compositions-for-six-selected-marine-macroalgae-from-mediterranean-coast-of-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Potential of Polyphenols from Tamarix Gallica towards Common Pathological Features of Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Ben%20Hmidene">Asma Ben Hmidene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mizuho%20Hanaki"> Mizuho Hanaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuma%20Murakami"> Kazuma Murakami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhiro%20Irie"> Kazuhiro Irie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroko%20Isoda"> Hiroko Isoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideyuki%20Shigemori"> Hideyuki Shigemori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are characterized as a peripheral metabolic disorder and a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, respectively. It is now widely recognized that T2DM and AD share many pathophysiological features including glucose metabolism, increased oxidative stress and amyloid aggregation. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is the components of the amyloid deposits in the AD brain and while the component of the amyloidogenic peptide deposit in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans is identified as human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). These two proteins are originated from the amyloid precursor protein and have a high sequence similarity. Although the amino acid sequences of amyloidogenic proteins are diverse, they all adopt a similar structure in aggregates called cross-beta-spine. Add at that, extensive studies in the past years have found that like Aβ1-42, IAPP forms early intermediate assemblies as spherical oligomers, implicating that these oligomers possess a common folding pattern or conformation. These similarities can be used in the search for effective pharmacotherapy for DM, since potent therapeutic agents such as antioxidants with a catechol moiety, proved to inhibit Aβ aggregation, may play a key role in the inhibit the aggregation of hIAPP treatment of patients with DM. Tamarix gallica is one of the halophyte species having a powerful antioxidant system. Although it was traditionally used for the treatment of various liver metabolic disorders, there is no report about the use of this plant for the treatment or prevention of T2DM and AD. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate their protective effect towards T2DM and AD by isolation and identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors, with antioxidant potential, that play an important role in the glucose metabolism in diabetic patient, as well as, the polymerization of hIAPP and Aβ aggregation inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship study was conducted for both assays. And as for α-glucosidase inhibitors, their mechanism of action and their synergistic potential when applied with a very low concentration of acarbose were also suggesting that they can be used not only as α-glucosidase inhibitors but also be combined with established α-glucosidase inhibitors to reduce their adverse effect. The antioxidant potential of the purified substances was evaluated by DPPH and SOD assays. Th-T assay using 42-mer amyloid β-protein (Aβ42) for AD and hIAPP which is a 37-residue peptide secreted by the pancreatic β –cells for T2DM and Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) were conducted to evaluate the amyloid aggragation of the actives substances. For α-glucosidase, p-NPG and glucose oxidase assays were performed for determining the inhibition potential and structure-activity relationship study. The Enzyme kinetic protocol was used to study the mechanism of action. From this research, it was concluded that polyphenols playing a role in the glucose metabolism and oxidative stress can also inhibit the amyloid aggregation, and that substances with a catechol and glucuronide moieties inhibiting amyloid-β aggregation, might be used to inhibit the aggregation of hIAPP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase%20inhibitors" title="α-glucosidase inhibitors">α-glucosidase inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyloid%20aggregation%20inhibition" title=" amyloid aggregation inhibition"> amyloid aggregation inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism%20of%20action" title=" mechanism of action"> mechanism of action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20activity%20relationship" title=" structure activity relationship"> structure activity relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20potential" title=" synergistic potential"> synergistic potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tamarix%20gallica" title=" tamarix gallica"> tamarix gallica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56581/potential-of-polyphenols-from-tamarix-gallica-towards-common-pathological-features-of-diabetes-and-alzheimers-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Fruit and Vegetable Peels </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Chiam">E. Chiam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Koh"> E. Koh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Teh"> W. Teh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Prabhakaran"> M. Prabhakaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fruits and vegetables (F&V) are widely eaten for their nutritional value and associated health benefits being an immense source of bioactive compounds. However, F&V peels are often discarded, and it accounts for a higher proportion of food waste. Incorporation of F&V peels as functional ingredients can add more value to food due to the higher amounts of phytochemicals present in them. In this research, methanolic extracts of different F&V peels, namely apple, orange, kiwi, grapefruit, dragon fruit, pomelo, and pumpkin are investigated for their total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) assay and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assay using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Evaluation of the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was carried out during this study to determine the antidiabetic potential of F&V peels. Results of our study showed that grapefruit peels contained the highest total phenolic content of 477.81 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight of the sample, and kiwi peel had the highest antioxidant capacity (90.51 ± 0.10 % inhibition of DPPH radical) among the different F&V peels studied. Fruit peels exhibited high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Comparing fruit peels with vegetable peels, it was found that fruit peels had high total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and anti-diabetic potential compared to vegetable peels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenolics" title="polyphenolics">polyphenolics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20peels" title=" fruit peels"> fruit peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antidiabetic" title=" antidiabetic"> antidiabetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108381/evaluation-of-the-antioxidant-and-antidiabetic-potential-of-fruit-and-vegetable-peels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Cloning and Expression a Gene of β-Glucosidase from Penicillium echinulatum in Pichia pastoris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Gregorim%20Fernandes">Amanda Gregorim Fernandes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorena%20Cardoso%20Cintra"> Lorena Cardoso Cintra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosalia%20Santos%20Amorim%20Jesuino"> Rosalia Santos Amorim Jesuino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabricia%20Paula%20De%20Faria"> Fabricia Paula De Faria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcio%20Jos%C3%A9%20Po%C3%A7as%20Fonseca"> Marcio José Poças Fonseca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioethanol is one of the most promising biofuels and able to replace fossil fuels and reduce its different environmental impacts and can be generated from various agroindustrial waste. The Brazil is in first place in bioethanol production to be the largest producer of sugarcane. The bagasse sugarcane (SCB) has lignocellulose which is composed of three major components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is a homopolymer of glucose units connected by glycosidic linkages. Among all species of Penicillium, Penicillium echinulatum has been the focus of attention because they produce high quantities of cellulase and the mutant strain 9A02S1 produces higher enzyme levels compared to the wild. Among the cellulases, the cellobiohydrolases enzymes are the main components of the cellulolytic system of fungi, and are also responsible for most of the potential hydrolytic in enzyme cocktails for the industrial processing of plant biomass and several cellobiohydrolases Penicillium had higher specific activity against cellulose compared to CBH I from Trichoderma reesei. This fact makes it an interesting pattern for higher yields in the enzymatic hydrolysis, and also they are important enzymes in the hydrolysis of crystalline regions of cellulose. Therefore, finding new and more active enzymes become necessary. Meanwhile, β-glycosidases act on soluble substrates and are highly dependent on cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases action to provide the substrate in the hydrolysis of the biomass, but the cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases are highly dependent β-glucosidases to maintain efficient hydrolysis. Thus, there is a need to understand the structure-function relationships that govern the catalytic activity of cellulolytic enzymes to elucidate its mechanism of action and optimize its potential as industrial biocatalysts. To evaluate the enzyme β-glucosidase of Penicillium echinulatum (PeBGL1) the gene was synthesized from the assembly sequence from a library in induction conditions and then the PeBGL1 gene was cloned in the vector pPICZαA and transformed into P. pastoris GS115. After processing, the producers of PeBGL1 were analyzed for enzyme activity and protein profile where a band of approximately 100 kDa was viewed. It was also carried out the zymogram. In partial characterization it was determined optimum temperature of 50°C and optimum pH of 6,5. In addition, to increase the secreted recombinant PeBGL1 production by Pichia pastoris, three parameters of P. pastoris culture medium were analysed: methanol, nitrogen source concentrations and the inoculum size. A 23 factorial design was effective in achieving the optimum condition. Altogether, these results point to the potential application of this P. echinulatum β-glucosidase in hydrolysis of cellulose for the production of bioethanol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title="bioethanol">bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-glucosidase" title=" beta-glucosidase"> beta-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penicillium%20echinulatum" title=" penicillium echinulatum"> penicillium echinulatum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61890/cloning-and-expression-a-gene-of-v-glucosidase-from-penicillium-echinulatum-in-pichia-pastoris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Phenotypic and Genotypic Diagnosis of Gaucher Disease in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hallal">S. Hallal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Chami"> Z. Chami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hadji-Lehtihet"> A. Hadji-Lehtihet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sokhal-Boudella"> S. Sokhal-Boudella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Berhoune"> A. Berhoune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Yargui"> L. Yargui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gaucher disease is the most common lysosomal storage in our population, it is due to a deficiency of β –glucosidase acid. The enzyme deficiency causes a pathological accumulation of undegraded substrate in lysosomes. This metabolic overload is responsible for a multisystemic disease with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and bone involvement. Neurological involvement is rare. The laboratory diagnosis of Gaucher disease consists of phenotypic diagnosis by determining the enzymatic activity of β - glucosidase by fluorimetric method, a study by genotypic diagnosis in the GBA gene, limiting the search recurrent mutations (N370S, L444P, 84 GG); PCR followed by an enzymatic digestion. Abnormal profiles were verified by sequencing. Monitoring of treated patients is provided by the determination of chitotriosidase. Our experience spaning a period of 6 years (2007-2014) has enabled us to diagnose 78 patients out of a total of 328 requests from the various departments of pediatrics, internal medicine, neurology. Genotypic diagnosis focused on the entire family of 9 children treated at pediatric CHU Mustapha, which help define the clinical form; or 5 of them had type III disease, carrying the L444P mutation in the homozygous state. Three others were composite (N370/L444P) (N370S/other unintended mutation in our study), and only in one family no recurrent mutation has been found. This molecular study permits screening of heterozygous essential for genetic counseling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaucher%20disease" title="Gaucher disease">Gaucher disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutations" title=" mutations"> mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N370S" title=" N370S"> N370S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L444P" title=" L444P"> L444P</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17819/phenotypic-and-genotypic-diagnosis-of-gaucher-disease-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> The Effect of Wool Mulch on Plant Development in the Light of Soil Physical and Soil Biological Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katalin%20Juhos">Katalin Juhos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enik%C5%91%20Papdi"> Enikő Papdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n%20Kov%C3%A1cs"> Flórián Kovács</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasileios%20P.%20Vasileiadis"> Vasileios P. Vasileiadis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Veres"> Andrea Veres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mulching techniques can be a solution for better utilization of precipitation and irrigation water and for mitigating soil degradation and drought damages. Waste fibres as alternative biodegradable mulch materials are increasingly coming to the fore. The effect of wool mulch (WM) on water use efficiency of pepper seedlings were investigated in different soil types (sand, clay loam, peat) in a pot experiment. Two semi-field experiments were also set up to investigate the effect of WM-plant interaction on sweet pepper yield in comparison with agro-textile and straw mulches. Soil parameters (moisture, temperature, DHA, β-glucosidase enzymes, permanganate-oxidizable carbon) were measured during the growing season. The effect of WM on yield and biomass was more significant with less frequent irrigation and the greater the water capacity of soils. The microbiological activity was significantly higher in the presence of plants, because of the water retention of WM, the metabolic products of roots and the more balanced soil temperature caused by plants. On the sandy soil, the straw mulch had a significantly better effect on microbiological parameters and yields than the agro-textile and WM. WM is a sustainable practice for improving soil biological parameters and water use efficiency on soils with a higher water capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-glucosidase" title="β-glucosidase">β-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHA%20enzyme%20activity%3B%20labile%20carbon" title=" DHA enzyme activity; labile carbon"> DHA enzyme activity; labile carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=straw%20mulch%3B%20plastic%20mulch" title=" straw mulch; plastic mulch"> straw mulch; plastic mulch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspira-tion%20coefficient" title=" evapotranspira-tion coefficient"> evapotranspira-tion coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20temperature" title=" soil temperature"> soil temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161122/the-effect-of-wool-mulch-on-plant-development-in-the-light-of-soil-physical-and-soil-biological-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Investigating the Combined Medicinal Effects of Withania Somnifera (Ashwaghandha) and Murraya Koenigii (Curry Pata) in Vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Roshan">Sadia Roshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulsoom%20Sughra"> Kulsoom Sughra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shazia%20Shamas"> Shazia Shamas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamaila%20Irum"> Shamaila Irum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haleema%20Sadia"> Haleema Sadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate synergistic medicinal effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwaghandha) and Murraya koenigii (Curry pata) in vitro. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method against five bacterial and two fungal strains. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated by alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay and alpha-amylase inhibition assay. Synergistic antibacterial activity was observed against all the strains of bacteria, either Gram-positive or Gram-negative and fungi under study conditions. The maximum antibacterial activity was displayed by combined extract against E. coli i.e. 26±0.4mm. Maximum antifungal activity was shown by combined extract against Aspergillus niger, i.e., 17.3±0.5mm. The antioxidant activity of the combined extract was also significant. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and alpha-amylase inhibition assays also showed synergism. Results indicate that Withania somnifera and Murraya koengii have medicinal properties. The combined extract of both plants is more potent than their individual extracts, suggesting that these can work in synergism. The research suggests that different plant extracts could be used in combination to increase their medicinal activities by many folds, thus giving an insight into future use of herbal medication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=withania%20somnifera" title="withania somnifera">withania somnifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=murraya%20koenigii" title=" murraya koenigii"> murraya koenigii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gram-positive%20%20bacetria" title=" gram-positive bacetria"> gram-positive bacetria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gram-negative%20%20bacteria" title=" gram-negative bacteria"> gram-negative bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182551/investigating-the-combined-medicinal-effects-of-withania-somnifera-ashwaghandha-and-murraya-koenigii-curry-pata-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Effect of Spontaneous Ripening and Drying Techniques on the Bioactive Activities Peel of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Fruit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Famuwagun%20A.%20A.">Famuwagun A. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiona%20O.%20O."> Abiona O. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gbadamosi%20S.O."> Gbadamosi S.O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeboye%20O.%20A."> Adeboye O. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebooye%20O.%20C."> Adebooye O. C.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need to provide more information on the perceived bioactive status of the peel of plantain fruit informed the design of this research. Matured Plantain fruits were harvested, and fruits were allowed to ripen spontaneously. Samples of plantain fruit were taken every fortnight, and the peels were removed. The peels were dried using two different drying techniques (Oven drying and sun drying) and milled into powdery forms. Other samples were picked and processed in a similar manner on the first, third, seventh and tenth day until the peels of the fruits were fully ripped, resulting in eight different samples. The anti-oxidative properties of the samples using different assays (DPPH, FRAP, MCA, HRSA, SRSA, ABTS, ORAC), inhibitory activities against enzymes related to diabetes (alpha-amylase and glucosidase) and inhibition against angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) were evaluated. The result showed that peels of plantain fruits on the 7th day of ripening and sundried exhibited greater inhibitions against free radicals, which enhanced its antioxidant activities, resulting in greater inhibitions against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes. Also, oven oven-dried sample of the peel of plantain fruit on the 7th day of ripening had greater phenolic contents than the other samples, which also resulted in higher inhibition against angiotensin converting enzymes when compared with other samples. The results showed that even though the unripe peel of plantain fruit is assumed to contain excellent bioactive activities, consumption of the peel should be allowed to ripen for seven days after maturity and harvesting so as to derive maximum benefit from the peel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20ingredient" title="functional ingredient">functional ingredient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetics" title=" diabetics"> diabetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20foods" title=" functional foods"> functional foods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183949/effect-of-spontaneous-ripening-and-drying-techniques-on-the-bioactive-activities-peel-of-plantain-musa-paradisiaca-fruit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of a Combination Extract of Nigella Sativa & Cinnamomum Cassia in Streptozotocin Induced Type-I Diabetic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ginpreet%20Kaur">Ginpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Yasir%20Usmani"> Mohammad Yasir Usmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Kamil%20Khan"> Mohammed Kamil Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes mellitus is a disease with a high global burden and results in significant morbidity and mortality. In India, the number of people suffering with diabetes is expected to rise from 19 to 57 million in 2025. At present, interest in herbal remedies is growing to reduce the side effects associated with conventional dosage form like oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to investigate the antidiabetic activities of combinatorial extract of N. sativa & C. cassia in Streptozotocin induced type-I Diabetic Rats. Thus, the present study was undertaken to screen postprandial glucose excursion potential through α- glucosidase inhibitory activity (In Vitro) and effect of combinatorial extract of N. sativa & C. cassia in Streptozotocin induced type-I Diabetic Rats (In Vivo). In addition changes in body weight, plasma glucose, lipid profile and kidney profile were also determined. The IC50 values for both extract and Acarbose was calculated by extrapolation method. Combinatorial extract of N. sativa & C. cassia at different dosages (100 and 200 mg/kg orally) and Metformin (50 mg/kg orally) as the standard drug was administered for 28 days and then biochemical estimation, body weights and OGTT (Oral glucose tolerance test) were determined. Histopathological studies were also performed on kidney and pancreatic tissue. In In-Vitro the combinatorial extract shows much more inhibiting effect than the individual extracts. The results reveals that combinatorial extract of N. sativa & C. cassia has shown significant decrease in plasma glucose (p<0.0001), total cholesterol and LDL levels when compared with the STZ group The decreasing level of BUN and creatinine revealed the protection of N. sativa & C. cassia extracts against nephropathy associated with diabetes. Combination of N. sativa & C. cassia significantly improved glucose tolerance to exogenously administered glucose (2 g/kg) after 60, 90 and 120 min interval on OGTT in high dose streptozotocin induced diabetic rats compared with the untreated control group. Histopathological studies shown that treatment with N. sativa & C. cassia extract alone and in combination restored pancreatic tissue integrity and was able to regenerate the STZ damaged pancreatic β cells. Thus, the present study reveals that combination of N. sativa & C. cassia extract has significant α- glucosidase inhibitory activity and thus has great potential as a new source for diabetes treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20levels" title="lipid levels">lipid levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OGTT" title=" OGTT"> OGTT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbs" title=" herbs"> herbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucosidase" title=" glucosidase"> glucosidase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11444/evaluation-of-antidiabetic-activity-of-a-combination-extract-of-nigella-sativa-cinnamomum-cassia-in-streptozotocin-induced-type-i-diabetic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Effect of Inorganic Fertilization on Soil N Dynamics in Agricultural Plots in Central Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karla%20Sanchez-Ortiz">Karla Sanchez-Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunuen%20Tapia-Torres"> Yunuen Tapia-Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Larsen"> John Larsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Garcia-Oliva"> Felipe Garcia-Oliva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to food demand production, the use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer has increased in agricultural soils to replace the N losses. Nevertheless, the intensive use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer in conventional agriculture negatively affects the soil and therefore the environment, so alternatives such as organic agriculture have been proposed for being more environmentally friendly. However, further research in soil is needed to see how agricultural management affects the dynamics of C and N. The objective of this research was to evaluate the C and N dynamics in the soil with three different agricultural management: an agricultural plot with intensive inorganic fertilization, a plot with semi-organic management and an agricultural plot with recent abandonment (2 years). For each plot, the soil C and N dynamics and the enzymatic activity of NAG and β-Glucosidase were characterized. Total C and N concentration of the plant biomass of each site was measured as well. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was higher in abandoned plot, as well as this plot had higher total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), besides microbial N and microbial C. While the enzymatic activity of NAG and β-Glucosidase was greater in the agricultural plot with inorganic fertilization, as well as nitrate (NO₃) was higher in fertilized plot, in comparison with the other two plots. The aboveground biomass (AB) of maize in the plot with inorganic fertilization presented higher TC and TN concentrations than the maize AB growing in the semiorganic plot, but the C:N ratio was highest in the grass AB in the abandoned plot. The C:N ration in the maize grain was greater in the semi-organic agricultural plot. These results show that the plot under intensive agricultural management favors the loss of soil organic matter and N, degrading the dynamics of soil organic compounds, promoting its fertility depletion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title="mineralization">mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20cycle" title=" nitrogen cycle"> nitrogen cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20degradation" title=" soil degradation"> soil degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20nutrients" title=" soil nutrients"> soil nutrients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84789/effect-of-inorganic-fertilization-on-soil-n-dynamics-in-agricultural-plots-in-central-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Effect of Select Surfactants on Activities of Soil Enzymes Involved in Nutrient Cycling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frieda%20Eivazi">Frieda Eivazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikita%20L.%20Mullings"> Nikita L. Mullings</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soils are recipient for surfactants in herbicide formulations. Surfactants entering the soil environment can possibly disrupt different chemical, physical and biological interactions. Therefore, it is critical that we understand the fate, behavior and transport of surfactants upon entering the soil. A comprehensive study was conducted to examine effect of surfactants on nutrient uptake, microbial community, and enzyme activity. The research was conducted in the greenhouse growing corn (Zea mays) as a test plant in a factorial experiment (three surfactants at two different rates with control, and three herbicides) organized as randomized blocked design. Surfactants evaluated were Activator 90, Agri-Dex, and Thrust; herbicides were glyphosate, atrazine, and bentazon. Treatments examined were surfactant only, herbicide only, and surfactant + herbicide combinations. Corn was planted in fertilized soils (silt loam and silty clay) with moisture content maintained at the field capacity for optimum growth. This paper will report results of above mentioned treatments on acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, beta-glucosaminidase, and dehydrogenase activities. In general, there were variations in the enzyme activities with some inhibition and some being enhanced by the treatments. Activator 90 appeared to have the highest inhibitory effect on enzymatic activities. Atrazine application significantly decreased the activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, and dehydrogenase in both soils; however, combination of Atrazine + Agridex increased the acid phosphatase activity while significantly inhibiting the other enzyme activities in soils. It was concluded that long-term field studies are needed to validate changes in nutrient uptake, microbial community and enzyme activities due to surfactant-herbicide combination effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbicides" title="herbicides">herbicides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20cycling" title=" nutrient cycling"> nutrient cycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20enzymes" title=" soil enzymes"> soil enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54932/effect-of-select-surfactants-on-activities-of-soil-enzymes-involved-in-nutrient-cycling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Development of Probiotic Cereal Beverage Using Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuaumelsan%20Shumye%20Gebre">Tuaumelsan Shumye Gebre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimelis%20Admassu%20Emire"> Shimelis Admassu Emire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Okomo%20Aloo"> Simon Okomo Aloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramachandran%20Chelliah"> Ramachandran Chelliah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deog-Hwan%20Oh"> Deog-Hwan Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the fermentation of cereal substrates, based on the Ethiopian traditional beverage borde, using probiotic strains of Pediococcus acidilactici WS07 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae AM18 used singly and in co-culture. The pH and titratable acidity, microbial growth dynamics, fermentable sugars profile, volatile organic compounds, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, pancreatic lipase, and α-glucosidase inhibition were analyzed. The viability of every tested strain remained higher than 7 log CFU/mL, satisfying the requirements suggested for probiotic food items. The formation of organic acids is what caused the pH to decrease from roughly 6.6 to 3.8, yet this had no effect on the viability of the microorganisms. The fermentation process, involving P. acidilactici WS07 and S. cerevisiae AM18, led to the utilization of initial carbohydrates, production of organic acids, and generation of volatile compounds that enhance flavor and aroma. Ethanol and glycerol concentrations increased during fermentation, particularly in co-culture assays, contributing to the sensory qualities and stability of the beverages. The primary organic acids generated during fermentation were lactic and acetic acids. A total of 22 volatile substances, such as acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and other substances, were found. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that fermentation of maize and sorghum with P. acidilactici WS07 and S. cerevisiae AM18 enhances the antioxidant activity and inhibition of pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase, suggesting potential benefits in managing obesity and diabetes. Therefore, co-cultivating S. cerevisiae AM18 and P. acidilactici WS07 in cereal fermentation led to the successful production of probiotic drinks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic%20beverage" title="probiotic beverage">probiotic beverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pediococcus%20acidilactici" title=" Pediococcus acidilactici"> Pediococcus acidilactici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saccharomyces%20cerevisiae" title=" Saccharomyces cerevisiae"> Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20compounds" title=" volatile compounds"> volatile compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188347/development-of-probiotic-cereal-beverage-using-yeast-and-lactic-acid-bacteria-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> The Effect of the Variety and Harvesting Date on Polyphenol Composition of Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) and Anti-diabetic Properties of Haskap Polyphenols</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aruma%20Baduge%20Kithma%20De%20Silva">Aruma Baduge Kithma De Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.), also known as blue honeysuckle, is a newly commercialized berry crop in Canada. Haskap berries are rich in polyphenols, including, anthocyanins, which are known for potential health-promoting properties. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant anthocyanin of haskap berries. The compound C3G has the ability to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has become an increasingly common health issue around the world. The T2D is characterized as a metabolic disorder of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. It has been demonstrated that C3G has anti-diabetic effects through several ways, including inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), reduction of gluconeogenesis, improvement in insulin sensitivity, and inhibition of activities of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of variety and harvests maturity of haskap on C3G, other fruit quality characteristics and anti-diabetic activities of haskap berries using in vitro studies. The polyphenols present in four commercially grown haskap cultivars, Aurora, Rebecca, Larissa, and Evie harvested at five harvesting dates (H1-H5) apart from 2-3 days, were extracted separately. High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyzes of polyphenols revealed that haskap berries contain predominantly anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids. The compound C3G was the most prominent anthocyanin, which is available in approximately 79% of total anthocyanin in four cultivars. The Larissa at H5 contained the highest C3G content. The antioxidant capacity of Evie at H5 was greater than other cultivars. Furthermore, Larissa H5 showed the greatest inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes including alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. In conclusion, the haskap variety and harvesting date influenced the polyphenol composition and biological properties. The variety Larissa, at H5 harvesting date, contained the highest polyphenol content and the ability of inhibition of the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme as well as DPP4 enzyme in order to reduce type 2 diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthocyanin" title="anthocyanin">anthocyanin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haskap" title=" Haskap"> Haskap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title=" type 2 diabetes"> type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenol" title=" polyphenol"> polyphenol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99613/the-effect-of-the-variety-and-harvesting-date-on-polyphenol-composition-of-haskap-lonicera-caerulea-l-and-anti-diabetic-properties-of-haskap-polyphenols" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Stems of Prunus avium: An Unexplored By-product with Great Bioactive Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADs%20R.%20Silva">Luís R. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F%C3%A1bio%20Jesus"> Fábio Jesus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catarina%20Bento"> Catarina Bento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20C.%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Ana C. Gonçalves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last few years, the traditional medicine has gained ground at nutritional and pharmacological level. The natural products and their derivatives have great importance in several drugs used in modern therapeutics. Plant-based systems continue to play an essential role in primary healthcare. Additionally, the utilization of their plant parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products, can add a high value in the natural products market, not just by the nutritional value due to the significant levels of phytochemicals, but also by to the high benefit for the producers and manufacturers business. Stems of Prunus avium L. are a byproduct resulting from the processing of cherry, and have been consumed over the years as infusions and decoctions due to its bioactive properties, being used as sedative, diuretic and draining, to relief of renal stones, edema and hypertension. In this work, we prepared a hydroethanolic and infusion extracts from stems of P. avium collected in Fundão Region (Portugal), and evaluate the phenolic profile by LC/DAD, antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and protection of human erythrocytes against oxidative damage. The LC-DAD analysis allowed to the identification of 19 phenolic compounds, catechin and 3-O-caffolquinic acid were the main ones. In a general way, hydroethanolic extract proved to be more active than infusion. This extract had the best antioxidant activity against DPPH• (IC50=22.37 ± 0.28 µg/mL) and superoxide radical (IC50=13.93 ± 0.30 µg/mL). Furthermore, it was the most active concerning inhibition of hemoglobin oxidation (IC50=13.73 ± 0.67 µg/mL), hemolysis (IC50=1.49 ± 0.18 µg/mL) and lipid peroxidation (IC50=26.20 ± 0.38 µg/mL) on human erythrocytes. On the other hand, infusion revealed to be more efficient towards α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50=3.18 ± 0.23 µg/mL) and against nitric oxide radical (IC50=99.99 ± 1.89 µg/mL). The Sweet cherry sector is very important in Fundão Region (Portugal), and taking profit from the great wastes produced during processing of the cherry to produce added-value products, such as food supplements cannot be ignored. Our results demonstrate that P. avium stems possesses remarkable antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. It is therefore, suggest, that P. avium stems can be used as a natural antioxidant with high potential to prevent or slow the progress of human diseases mediated by oxidative stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stems" title="stems">stems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prunus%20avium" title=" Prunus avium"> Prunus avium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20potential" title=" biological potential"> biological potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70858/stems-of-prunus-avium-an-unexplored-by-product-with-great-bioactive-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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