CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Massacommunicatie - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"ac0c6e5f-58a9-4dad-bb05-bda823f9c197","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Massacommunicatie","wgTitle":"Massacommunicatie","wgCurRevisionId":68050758,"wgRevisionId":68050758,"wgArticleId":64471,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Mediastudies","Begrip in het Nederlands","Massamedia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Massacommunicatie","wgRelevantArticleId":64471,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true ,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q853710","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Massacommunicatie - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacommunicatie"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacommunicatie"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Massacommunicatie rootpage-Massacommunicatie skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/25_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Massacommunicatie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Massacommunicatie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Massacommunicatie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Massacommunicatie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Massamedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massamedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Massamedia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Massamedia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Massamedia-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Massamedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gedrukte_massamedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gedrukte_massamedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gedrukte massamedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gedrukte_massamedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Belasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persvrijheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persvrijheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Persvrijheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persvrijheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gesproken_massamedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gesproken_massamedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Gesproken massamedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gesproken_massamedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektronische_massamedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronische_massamedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Elektronische massamedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronische_massamedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden_van_massamedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden_van_massamedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Voorbeelden van massamedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden_van_massamedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massacommunicatiemodel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massacommunicatiemodel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Massacommunicatiemodel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massacommunicatiemodel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Massacommunicatie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 41 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="اتصال جماهيري – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتصال جماهيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Масова комуникация – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Масова комуникация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="গণযোগাযোগ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গণযোগাযোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicaci%C3%B3_de_masses" title="Comunicació de masses – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comunicació de masses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masov%C3%A1_komunikace" title="Masová komunikace – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Masová komunikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massenkommunikation" title="Massenkommunikation – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massenkommunikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_communication" title="Mass communication – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mass communication" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massikommunikatsioon" title="Massikommunikatsioon – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Massikommunikatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="ارتباط جمعی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارتباط جمعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_de_masse" title="Communication de masse – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Communication de masse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_masas" title="Comunicación de masas – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Comunicación de masas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="जनसंचार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जनसंचार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6megkommunik%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Tömegkommunikáció – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tömegkommunikáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Զանգվածային հաղորդակցություններ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զանգվածային հաղորդակցություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_massa" title="Komunikasi massa – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komunikasi massa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amas-komunikado" title="Amas-komunikado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amas-komunikado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="マスコミュニケーション – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マスコミュニケーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91_%EC%A0%84%EB%8B%AC" title="대중 전달 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대중 전달" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Массалык коммуникация – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Массалык коммуникация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacommunicatie" title="Massacommunicatie – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Massacommunicatie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla%C5%A1sazi%C5%86a" title="Plašsaziņa – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plašsaziņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_massa" title="Komunikasi massa – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Komunikasi massa" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Олон түмний харилцаа – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Олон түмний харилцаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="मास कम्युनिकेशन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मास कम्युनिकेशन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_massa" title="Komunikasi massa – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komunikasi massa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="आम सञ्चार – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आम सञ्चार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massekommunikasjon" title="Massekommunikasjon – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Massekommunikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%84%D9%87_%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%90_%D8%A7%DA%93%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%90" title="ډله ییزې اړیکې – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډله ییزې اړیکې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_massa" title="Comunicação de massa – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunicação de massa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Массовые коммуникации – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Массовые коммуникации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="ابلاغ عامه – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابلاغ عامه" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masov%C3%A1_komunik%C3%A1cia" title="Masová komunikácia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Masová komunikácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikimi_masiv" title="Komunikimi masiv – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Komunikimi masiv" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Масовне комуникације – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Масовне комуникације" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masskommunikation" title="Masskommunikation – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Masskommunikation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மக்கள் தகவல் தொடர்பியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கள் தகவல் தொடர்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Иртиботи оммавӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иртиботи оммавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="การสื่อสารมวลชน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสื่อสารมวลชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangmadlang_komunikasyon" title="Pangmadlang komunikasyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangmadlang komunikasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Масова комунікація – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Масова комунікація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="大众传播 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大众传播" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q853710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Massacommunicatie" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Massacommunicatie&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Massacommunicatie"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Massacommunicatie"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Massacommunicatie" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Massacommunicatie" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&oldid=68050758" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Massacommunicatie&id=68050758&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMassacommunicatie"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMassacommunicatie"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Massacommunicatie"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Massacommunicatie&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_media" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q853710" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Massacommunicatie</b> of <b>openbare communicatie</b> is <a href="/wiki/Communicatie" title="Communicatie">communicatie</a> waarbij grote groepen mensen worden bereikt. Dit impliceert dat de zender of communicator gebruikmaakt van kanalen die een massale duplicatie mogelijk maken. Massacommunicatie ontstaat als iemand bepaalde <a href="/wiki/Informatie" title="Informatie">informatie</a> belangrijk vindt voor de hele <a href="/wiki/Algemeen_belang" title="Algemeen belang">gemeenschap</a>, en er in de gemeenschap voor het onderwerp voldoende belangstelling aanwezig is.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De doorbraak van de <a href="/wiki/Boekdrukkunst" title="Boekdrukkunst">boekdrukkunst</a> maakte massacommunicatie voor het eerst mogelijk. </p><p>De communicatiemiddelen die worden toegepast in massacommunicatie noemt men <b>massamedia</b>. Massacommunicatie is het onderzoeksobject van het sociaal-wetenschappelijke vakgebied van de <a href="/wiki/Communicatiewetenschap" title="Communicatiewetenschap">communicatiewetenschap</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massamedia">Massamedia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Massamedia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Massamedia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Massamedia zijn <a href="/wiki/Communicatiemiddel" title="Communicatiemiddel">communicatiemiddelen</a> die het voor een zender mogelijk maken een <a href="/wiki/Bericht" title="Bericht">boodschap</a> uit te zenden naar een omvangrijk publiek (de <a href="/wiki/Massa_(sociale_wetenschappen)" title="Massa (sociale wetenschappen)">massa</a>). Hedendaagse voorbeelden zijn <a href="/wiki/Televisie" title="Televisie">televisie</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Radiostation" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiostation">radiostations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a> en <a href="/wiki/Roddelblad" title="Roddelblad">roddelbladen</a>. </p><p>Een mediapersoonlijkheid is iemand die veel in massamedia voorkomt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gedrukte_massamedia">Gedrukte massamedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gedrukte massamedia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gedrukte massamedia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De uitvinding van de <a href="/wiki/Boekdrukkunst" title="Boekdrukkunst">boekdrukkunst</a> in de <a href="/wiki/15e_eeuw" title="15e eeuw">vijftiende eeuw</a> maakte massale verspreiding van informatie mogelijk. Deze modernisering van de maatschappij liet zijn sporen in politiek, economie en samenleving na. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belasting">Belasting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Belasting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Belasting"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aan het begin van de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">negentiende eeuw</a> richtten uitgevers van <a href="/wiki/Krant" title="Krant">kranten</a> zich op de elite die kon lezen en zich kranten kon veroorloven. Door een hoge belasting in de vorm van de <a href="/wiki/Dagbladzegel" title="Dagbladzegel">dagbladzegel</a> waren kranten zeer kostbaar. Steeds meer kranten probeerden onder de belasting uit te komen door kranten te drukken die kleiner waren dan waarvoor het zegel gold, de zogenaamde "duo-decimo"- of "lilliputter"-kranten (<a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Bevervoorde" title="Adriaan van Bevervoorde">Adriaan van Bevervoorde</a>) en de <a href="/wiki/Spectatoriaal_geschrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectatoriaal geschrift">spectatoriale geschriften</a> van onder andere <a href="/wiki/Justus_van_Effen" title="Justus van Effen">Justus van Effen</a>. In 1869 werd het zegelrecht, onder druk van een publieke bewustwording, afgeschaft waardoor kranten zich op de massa konden richten.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In die jaren verschenen dan ook verschillende kranten gericht op de massa, zoals "De Standaard" van <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Kuyper" title="Abraham Kuyper">Abraham Kuyper</a> en <a href="/wiki/Recht_voor_Allen" title="Recht voor Allen">Recht voor Allen</a> van <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Domela_Nieuwenhuis" title="Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis">Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Persvrijheid">Persvrijheid</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Persvrijheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Persvrijheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gedurende de 19e eeuw uitte de <a href="/wiki/Pers_(media)" title="Pers (media)">pers</a> ook steeds grotere ontevredenheid met de bestaande beperkingen aan de <a href="/wiki/Persvrijheid" title="Persvrijheid">persvrijheid</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Grondwet" title="Nederlandse Grondwet">grondwet</a> van 1814 was dusdanig vaag, dat de toenmalige koning <a href="/wiki/Willem_I_der_Nederlanden" title="Willem I der Nederlanden">Willem I</a> mogelijkheden had tot persbreidel en <a href="/wiki/Censuur_(informatie)" title="Censuur (informatie)">censuur</a> waar hij dat nodig achtte. In 1840 trad Willem I af. Zijn troonopvolger <a href="/wiki/Willem_II_der_Nederlanden" title="Willem II der Nederlanden">Willem II</a> werd in 1848 liberaal om te voorkomen dat hij afgezet zou worden. Onder druk van een soort massale bewustwording in Nederland werd een wetswijziging doorgevoerd over <a href="/wiki/Persvrijheid" title="Persvrijheid">persvrijheid</a>. Deze wetswijziging dient nog steeds als basis voor artikel 7 van de huidige Nederlandse Grondwet: "Niemand heeft voorafgaand verlof nodig om door de drukpers gedachten of gevoelens te openbaren, behoudens ieders verantwoordelijkheid voor de wet." Door deze wijziging kreeg de pers een toenemende mate van vrijheid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gesproken_massamedia">Gesproken massamedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gesproken massamedia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gesproken massamedia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de 20ste eeuw kwamen massamedia beschikbaar om boodschappen over te brengen via geluidsdragers en bewegend beeld. Eerst via <a href="/wiki/Film_(cinematografie)" title="Film (cinematografie)">Film</a> en <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, later ook via <a href="/wiki/Televisie" title="Televisie">televisie</a>. Deze media zijn zeer geschikt voor het verspreiden van <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_(communicatie)" title="Propaganda (communicatie)">propaganda</a>, bijvoorbeeld om een bepaalde <a href="/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie">ideologie</a> in het bewustzijn van de massa te prenten. </p><p>Ook via het lied kunnen boodschappen aan de massa worden overgebracht. In de 1960 en 70er jaren werd het <a href="/wiki/Protestlied" title="Protestlied">protestlied</a> populair. De moderne <a href="/wiki/Rap_(muziekstijl)" title="Rap (muziekstijl)">rap</a> kan ook een poging zijn om een boodschap te communiceren naar een bepaalde massa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronische_massamedia">Elektronische massamedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Elektronische massamedia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Elektronische massamedia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanaf eind 20ste eeuw kwam het <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> in opmars, waarbij de <a href="/wiki/Sociale_media" title="Sociale media">sociale media</a> een dominante rol gingen spelen. Met de komst van internet werden de massamedia <a href="/wiki/Interactie" title="Interactie">interactief</a>, waarbij de ontvanger van de informatie hierover direct kan communiceren met de bron. Wanneer ook deze interactie door de bron wordt doorgegeven, wordt de massa tegelijkertijd ook zelf deel van bron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voorbeelden_van_massamedia">Voorbeelden van massamedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden van massamedia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden van massamedia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De <a href="/wiki/Heraut" title="Heraut">heraut</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Stadsomroeper" title="Stadsomroeper">dorpsomroeper</a></li> <li>Visuele communicatie door een openbaar toegankelijk monument (bijvoorbeeld in de Oudheid <a href="/wiki/Zuil_van_Trajanus" title="Zuil van Trajanus">Zuil van Trajanus</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmerpalet</a>; moderne beelden met een boodschap, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/De_Verwoeste_Stad" class="mw-redirect" title="De Verwoeste Stad">De Verwoeste Stad</a> van <a href="/wiki/Ossip_Zadkine" title="Ossip Zadkine">Zadkine</a>, reclames in de openbare ruimte)</li> <li>Schriftelijke communicatie door een openbaar toegankelijke tekst (bijvoorbeeld een opschrift op een monument zoals <a href="/wiki/Res_Gestae_divi_Augusti" class="mw-redirect" title="Res Gestae divi Augusti">Res Gestae divi Augusti</a> in de Oudheid, een oorlogsmonument, reclames in de openbare ruimte)</li> <li>Overgeschreven <a href="/wiki/Handschrift_(document)" title="Handschrift (document)">manuscripten</a> in China, en in het Westen in de Oudheid en Middeleeuwen</li> <li>Oorlogspropaganda via alle beschikbare media</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamflet" title="Pamflet">Pamflet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manifest" title="Manifest">manifest</a> en <a href="/wiki/Brochure" title="Brochure">brochure</a></li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Boekdrukkunst" title="Boekdrukkunst">boekdrukkunst</a></li> <li>De schrijvende pers, de <a href="/wiki/Dagblad" title="Dagblad">kranten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tijdschrift" title="Tijdschrift">tijdschriften</a> (vaak met ook foto's)</li> <li>Het gesproken nieuws, de <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a></li> <li>Het gefilmde nieuws, het <a href="/wiki/Filmjournaal" title="Filmjournaal">bioscoopjournaal</a></li> <li>Het gefilmde nieuws in de huiskamer: de <a href="/wiki/Televisie" title="Televisie">televisie</a></li> <li>Geluidsdragers; <a href="/wiki/Grammofoonplaat" title="Grammofoonplaat">grammofoonplaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a>'s, <a href="/wiki/Audiocassette" title="Audiocassette">audiocassette</a>'s</li> <li>Het fenomeen <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, de eerste wereldwijde nieuwsvoorziening</li> <li>Commerciële radio en televisie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cd-rom" title="Cd-rom">cd-rom</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-boek" title="E-boek">e-boek</a></li> <li>Het <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a></li> <li>Nieuws dat overal en altijd beschikbaar is: <a href="/wiki/Mobiel_internet" title="Mobiel internet">mobiel internet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massacommunicatiemodel">Massacommunicatiemodel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Massacommunicatiemodel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Massacommunicatiemodel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Massa-communicatie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Massa-communicatie.png/300px-Massa-communicatie.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Massa-communicatie.png/450px-Massa-communicatie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Massa-communicatie.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Massacommunicatiemodel</figcaption></figure> <p>Ook bij massacommunicatie is het klassieke zender-ontvanger model (zie illustratie) van toepassing. Immers, er is altijd sprake van iemand die een boodschap wil overbrengen op een of meer ontvangers. Daarbij zal de zender rekening moeten houden met eventuele ruis die optreedt tijdens de overdracht van de boodschap en ligt de verantwoordelijkheid voor de (gewenste) reactie vooral bij de ontvangers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gerbner, G. (1967). Mass media and human communication theory. F.E.X. Dance (Ed), Human communication theorie: Original essays, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.</li> <li>Hanssen, L. Dijkstra, A.M. Roeterdink, W. Stappers, J.G. (2003). Wetenschapsvoorlichting: Profetie of Professie, Een confrontatie tussen communicatietheorie en voorlichtingspraktijk, Stichting Weten, Amsterdam.</li> <li>Mendelsohn, H (1973). Some reasons why information campaigns can succeed. Public opinion Quarterly.</li> <li>Wijk, K. van (2003). Media-explosie: Trends en issues in massacommunicatie. Den Haag: Academic Service.</li> <li>Wouters en Ponjee (2009). Heterdaadkracht in perspectief. Onderzoek naar de Utrechtse heterdaadkracht. Utrecht, Politie Utrecht.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internetcensuur" title="Internetcensuur">Internetcensuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">Mainstream media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistiek" title="Journalistiek">Journalistiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_(communicatie)" title="Propaganda (communicatie)">Propaganda (communicatie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massapsychologie" title="Massapsychologie">Massapsychologie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Evers, W.J.M. (1997) Formele openbare communicatie versus informele openbare communicatie. In: W.J.M. Evers, Reader Informatieparticipatie, Nijmegen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/H.W._Lintsen" class="mw-redirect" title="H.W. Lintsen">H.W. Lintsen</a> (1993) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lint011gesc02_01/lint011gesc02_01_0010.php#485"><i>Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890. Deel II</i>. Walburg Pers, Zutphen</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/massacommunicatie" class="extiw" title="wikt:massacommunicatie">WikiWoordenboek</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div>Zoek <i><b><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/massacommunicatie" class="extiw" title="wikt:massacommunicatie">massacommunicatie</a></b></i> op in het <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">WikiWoordenboek</a>.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&oldid=68050758">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&oldid=68050758</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mediastudies" title="Categorie:Mediastudies">Mediastudies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Begrip_in_het_Nederlands" title="Categorie:Begrip in het Nederlands">Begrip in het Nederlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Massamedia" title="Categorie:Massamedia">Massamedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 31 aug 2024 om 21:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacommunicatie&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-8v9nc","wgBackendResponseTime":125,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.046","walltime":"0.062","ppvisitednodes":{"value":256,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1941,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":244,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1061,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 25.547 1 -total"," 64.69% 16.527 1 Sjabloon:Appendix"," 55.99% 14.303 1 Sjabloon:References"," 34.83% 8.899 1 Sjabloon:Wikt"," 15.98% 4.082 1 Sjabloon:InterProject"," 9.04% 2.310 3 Sjabloon:PAGENAMEBASE"," 6.95% 1.776 1 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.003","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":623509,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6ddcd447b9-fk49k","timestamp":"20241125222422","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Massacommunicatie","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massacommunicatie","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q853710","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q853710","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-04T10:41:19Z","dateModified":"2024-08-31T20:44:02Z","headline":"communicatie waarbij grote groepen mensen worden bereikt"}</script> </body> </html>