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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_d%C3%A9mocratique_et_socialiste_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisma_kaj_Demokratia_Unui%C4%9Do_de_la_Rezistado_(Francio)" title="Socialisma kaj Demokratia Unuiĝo de la Rezistado (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Socialisma kaj Demokratia Unuiĝo de la Rezistado (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_d%C3%A9mocratique_et_socialiste_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_Democratica_e_Socialista_della_Resistenza" title="Unione Democratica e Socialista della Resistenza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unione Democratica e Socialista della Resistenza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="האיחוד הדמוקרטי והסוציאליסטי של הרזיסטאנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האיחוד הדמוקרטי והסוציאליסטי של הרזיסטאנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_d%C3%A9mocratique_et_socialiste_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #EF5327; border-bottom:2px solid #EF5327; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance</div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1945<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1945</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1964<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1964</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Republican_Institutions" title="Convention of Republican Institutions">CIR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a><br /><b>Factions:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Vinen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vinen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cole_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_Republican_Lefts" title="Rally of Republican Lefts">Rally of Republican Lefts</a> (1946-1955)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Front_(French_Fourth_Republic)" title="Republican Front (French Fourth Republic)">Republican Front</a> (1956-1958)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #EF5327;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance</i>, <b>UDSR</b>) was a French political party founded after the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">liberation of France</a> from <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">German occupation</a>, mainly active during the <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> (1947–58). It was a loosely organised "cadre party" without mass membership. Its ideology was vague, including a broad diversity of different political convictions,<sup id="cite_ref-Cole_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was variously described as <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a>. It was decidedly <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> and linked with the <i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i> ("Peace and Liberty") movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Vinen_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vinen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UDSR was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> in 1947. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foundation">Foundation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_and_Socialist_Union_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was founded in 1945 by the non-communist majority of the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_de_lib%C3%A9ration_nationale" class="extiw" title="fr:Mouvement de libération nationale">Movement of National Liberation</a>, a major network of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a>. The project was to create a French <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour party</a> uniting non-communist members of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a>. However, this plan was derailed by the rebirth of the <a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">French Section of the Workers' International</a> (SFIO), the emergence of the new Christian-Democratic party <a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a> (MRP) and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Gaullist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaullist">Gaullist</a> <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a> (RPF). The UDSR then associated itself with the <a href="/wiki/French_Radical_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="French Radical Party">Radical Party</a>, which had been in government during most of the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Republican_Lefts" class="mw-redirect" title="Rally of the Republican Lefts">Rally of Republican Lefts</a> (<i>Rassemblement des gauches républicaines</i> or RGR), which presented itself as an alternative to the <i><a href="/wiki/Tripartisme" title="Tripartisme">tripartisme</a></i> alliance between the SFIO, the MRP and the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> (PCF). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fourth_Republic">Fourth Republic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_and_Socialist_Union_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fourth Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/May_1947_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1947 crisis">May 1947 crisis</a>, during which <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Thorez" title="Maurice Thorez">Maurice Thorez</a> (Communist vice-premier) and four other PCF ministers left <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Paul Ramadier</a>'s government, the UDSR took part in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(France)" title="Third Force (France)">Third Force</a> coalition which united centre-left and centre-right parties in opposition to the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a> on the one hand, and the <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">RPF</a> on the other. It remained, throughout the Fourth Republic, a minor centrist political party, though it participated in various governments. Its president <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a> was named <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_France" title="List of prime ministers of France">President of the Council of Ministers</a> from 1951 to 1952, before being succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Antoine Pinay</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Independents_and_Peasants" title="National Centre of Independents and Peasants">CNIP</a>. Pleven's leadership was eventually challenged by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>, who advocated a realignment to the Left, and took the lead in 1953. </p><p>In 1956 the UDSR participated in the centre-left <a href="/wiki/Republican_Front_(French_Fourth_Republic)" title="Republican Front (French Fourth Republic)">Republican Front</a> coalition, headed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s-France" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Mendès-France">Pierre Mendès-France</a>, which won the legislative election. However, two years later, the UDSR imploded; indeed, Pleven and the party’s conservative wing approved <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>'s comeback during the <a href="/wiki/May_1958_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1958 crisis">May 1958 crisis</a>, in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> and threats of a coup d'état, and the institutions of the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a>, unlike Mitterrand, who called the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">new Constitution</a> a "permanent coup d'état." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_and_Socialist_Union_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UDSR survived until 1964, when it merged into Mitterrand's <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Republican_Institutions" title="Convention of Republican Institutions">Convention of Republican Institutions</a> (CIR), which itself merged at the 1971 <a href="/wiki/Epinay_Congress" title="Epinay Congress">Epinay Congress</a> into the new <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (PS), which until 2017 was the main centre-left party in France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_and_Socialist_Union_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">French Fourth Republic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_and_Socialist_Union_of_the_Resistance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Vinen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vinen_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vinen_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVinen1995" class="citation book cs1">Vinen, Richard (1995). <i>Bourgeois Politics in France, 1945-1951</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 184–187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bourgeois+Politics+in+France%2C+1945-1951&rft.pages=184-187&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Vinen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+and+Socialist+Union+of+the+Resistance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cole-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1994" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Alistair (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/francoismitterra0000cole"><i>François Mitterrand: A Study in Political Leadership</i></a></span>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/francoismitterra0000cole/page/13">13</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Mitterrand%3A+A+Study+in+Political+Leadership&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrancoismitterra0000cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+and+Socialist+Union+of+the+Resistance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWakeman2011" class="citation book cs1">Wakeman, Rosemary (2011). <i>The Fourth Republic</i>. Cornell University Press. p. 74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fourth+Republic&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Wakeman&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+and+Socialist+Union+of+the+Resistance" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Socialist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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Socialist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Socialist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Socialist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Socialist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)"><span style="color:white;">French Socialist Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_French_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="First Secretary of the French Socialist Party"><span style="color:white;">First Secretaries</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Savary" title="Alain Savary">Alain Savary</a> (1969–1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> (1971–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> (1981–1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mauroy" title="Pierre Mauroy">Pierre Mauroy</a> (1988–1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Michel Rocard</a> (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Emmanuelli" title="Henri Emmanuelli">Henri Emmanuelli</a> (1994–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> (1995–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (1997–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Aubry" title="Martine Aubry">Martine Aubry</a> (2008–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harlem_D%C3%A9sir" title="Harlem Désir">Harlem Désir</a> (2012–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Cambad%C3%A9lis" title="Jean-Christophe Cambadélis">Jean-Christophe Cambadélis</a> (2014–2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachid_Temal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachid Temal (page does not exist)">Rachid Temal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachid_Temal" class="extiw" title="fr:Rachid Temal">fr</a>]</span> (<i>ad interim</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Faure" title="Olivier Faure">Olivier Faure</a> (2018–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France"><span style="color:white;">Prime Ministers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mauroy" title="Pierre Mauroy">Pierre Mauroy</a> (1981–1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a> (1984–1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Michel Rocard</a> (1988–1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Édith Cresson</a> (1991–1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Pierre Bérégovoy</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> (1997–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a> (2012–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a> (2014–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Bernard Cazeneuve</a> (2016–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/1974_French_presidential_election" title="1974 French presidential election">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1981_French_presidential_election" title="1981 French presidential election">1981</a>, <a href="/wiki/1988_French_presidential_election" title="1988 French presidential election">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1995_French_presidential_election" title="1995 French presidential election">1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a> (<a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Hamon" title="Benoît Hamon">Benoît Hamon</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a> (<a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%">Presidential primaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary" title="1995 French Socialist Party presidential primary">1995</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary" title="2006 French Socialist Party presidential primary">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary" title="2011 French Socialist Party presidential primary">2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary" title="2017 French Socialist Party presidential primary">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 French Socialist Party presidential primary (page does not exist)">2021</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primaire_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_socialiste_fran%C3%A7aise_de_2021" class="extiw" title="fr:Primaire présidentielle socialiste française de 2021">fr</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primarias_presidenciales_del_Partido_Socialista_de_Francia_de_2021" class="extiw" title="es:Primarias presidenciales del Partido Socialista de Francia de 2021">es</a>]</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">French Section of the Workers' International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Democratic_and_Socialist_Left" title="Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left">Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Republican_Institutions" title="Convention of Republican Institutions">Convention of Republican Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Clubs_for_the_Renewal_of_the_Left" title="Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left">Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Socialist_Groups_and_Clubs" title="Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs">Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Populaire_(French_newspaper)" title="Le Populaire (French newspaper)">Le Populaire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%">National congresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfortville_Congress" title="Alfortville Congress">Alfortville Congress</a> (May 1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Issy-les-Moulineaux_Congress" title="Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress">Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress</a> (July 1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Epinay_Congress" title="Epinay Congress">Epinay Congress</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Congress" title="Grenoble Congress">Grenoble Congress</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pau_Congress" title="Pau Congress">Pau Congress</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nantes_Congress" title="Nantes Congress">Nantes Congress</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metz_Congress" title="Metz Congress">Metz Congress</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil_Congress" title="Créteil Congress">Créteil Congress</a> (January 1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valence_Congress" title="Valence Congress">Valence Congress</a> (October 1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse_Congress" title="Bourg-en-Bresse Congress">Bourg-en-Bresse Congress</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Congress,_1985" title="Toulouse Congress, 1985">Toulouse Congress</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lille_Congress" title="Lille Congress">Lille Congress</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rennes_Congress" title="Rennes Congress">Rennes Congress</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arche_Congress" title="Grande Arche Congress">Grande Arche Congress</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Congress" title="Bordeaux Congress">Bordeaux Congress</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bourget_Congress" title="Bourget Congress">Bourget Congress</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9vin_Congress" title="Liévin Congress">Liévin Congress</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brest_Congress" title="Brest Congress">Brest Congress</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Grenoble_Congress" title="Second Grenoble Congress">Second Grenoble Congress</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dijon_Congress" title="Dijon Congress">Dijon Congress</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans_Congress" title="Le Mans Congress">Le Mans Congress</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reims_Congress" title="Reims Congress">Reims Congress</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Congress,_2012" title="Toulouse Congress, 2012">Second Toulouse Congress</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poitiers_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poitiers Congress (page does not exist)">Poitiers Congress</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Poitier" class="extiw" title="fr:Congrès de Poitier">fr</a>]</span> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aubervilliers_Congress" title="Aubervilliers Congress">Aubervilliers Congress</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villeurbanne_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villeurbanne Congress (page does not exist)">Villeurbanne Congress</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Villeurbanne" class="extiw" title="fr:Congrès de Villeurbanne">fr</a>]</span> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marseille_Congress_(2023)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marseille Congress (2023) (page does not exist)">Marseille Congress</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Marseille_(2023)" class="extiw" title="fr:Congrès de Marseille (2023)">fr</a>]</span> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%">Parliamentary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_group,_associated_(National_Assembly)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist group, associated (National Assembly)">Socialist group, associated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a>: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_and_Republican_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist and Republican group">Socialist and Republican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E3265B; color:white;;width:1%">Former factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aubryists" class="mw-redirect" title="Aubryists">Aubryists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desires_for_the_Future" title="Desires for the Future">Desires for the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Left_(France)" title="Socialist Left (France)">Socialist Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Centrist_and_Christian_democratic_parties_in_France_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Centrism">Centrist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian democratic">Christian democratic</a> parties in France <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Party_(France)" title="Popular Democratic Party (France)">Popular Democratic Party</a> (1924–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a> (1944–67)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance</a> (1945–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Centre_(France)" title="Democratic Centre (France)">Democratic Centre</a> (1966–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre,_Democracy_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre, Democracy and Progress">Centre, Democracy and Progress</a> (1969–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(France)" title="Social Democratic Party (France)">Social Democratic Party</a> (1973–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Social_Democrats" title="Centre of Social Democrats">Centre of Social Democrats</a> (1976–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">Union for French Democracy</a> (1978–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a> (2007–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Alliance_for_Democracy_in_Europe" title="Civic Alliance for Democracy in Europe">Civic Alliance for Democracy in Europe</a> (2007–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="New Centre">New Centre</a> (2007–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Alliance" title="Centrist Alliance">Centrist Alliance</a> (2009–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">Union of Democrats and Independents</a> (2012–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_European_Force" title="Democratic European Force">Democratic European Force</a> (2012–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a> (2016–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Progress" title="Territories of Progress">Territories of Progress</a> (2020–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">List of political parties in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164587#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164587#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164587#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122928780">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140667525">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/104137884X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007067036">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02778679X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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