CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Young adult literature - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4cf67dd0-8d6f-4d44-8a16-60aa489d2cbd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Young_adult_literature","wgTitle":"Young adult literature","wgCurRevisionId":1257457545,"wgRevisionId":1257457545,"wgArticleId":893310,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Pages with login required references or sources","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from May 2024","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from May 2023","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use dmy dates from December 2022","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023", "Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022","Articles with excerpts","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2023","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from March 2021","Commons category link is locally defined","Young adult fiction","Young adult literature","Fiction by genre"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Young_adult_literature","wgRelevantArticleId":893310,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Young_adult_fiction","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Young_adult_literature","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1233720","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Young adult literature - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_adult_literature"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_adult_literature"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Young_adult_literature rootpage-Young_adult_literature skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Young+adult+literature" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Young+adult+literature" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Young+adult+literature" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Young+adult+literature" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Definitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Genre </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Genre subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Problem_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problem_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Problem novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problem_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boundaries_between_children's,_young_adult,_and_adult_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boundaries_between_children's,_young_adult,_and_adult_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Boundaries between children's, young adult, and adult fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boundaries_between_children's,_young_adult,_and_adult_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_adult_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_adult_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 New adult fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_adult_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses_in_the_classroom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses_in_the_classroom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Uses in the classroom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses_in_the_classroom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Political content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lack_of_diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lack_of_diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Lack of diversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lack_of_diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_merit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_merit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Literary merit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_merit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Cited references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Young adult literature</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" > 35 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="أدب الشباب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدب الشباب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliteratura_xuvenil" title="Lliteratura xuvenil – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lliteratura xuvenil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeniyetm%C9%99_%C9%99d%C9%99biyyat%C4%B1" title="Yeniyetmə ədəbiyyatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeniyetmə ədəbiyyatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="পরিণত কিশোর সাহিত্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরিণত কিশোর সাহিত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennegezh_krennarded" title="Lennegezh krennarded – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lennegezh krennarded" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_juvenil" title="Literatura juvenil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Literatura juvenil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_pro_ml%C3%A1de%C5%BE" title="Literatura pro mládež – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Literatura pro mládež" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Λογοτεχνία για νέους ενήλικες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λογοτεχνία για νέους ενήλικες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_juvenil" title="Literatura juvenil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Literatura juvenil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porjunula_literaturo" title="Porjunula literaturo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Porjunula literaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazte_literatura" title="Gazte literatura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gazte literatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ادبیات داستانی نوجوانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادبیات داستانی نوجوانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature_Young_Adult" title="Littérature Young Adult – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Littérature Young Adult" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_xuvenil" title="Literatura xuvenil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Literatura xuvenil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Դեռահասային գրականություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեռահասային գրականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevnost_za_mlade" title="Književnost za mlade – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Književnost za mlade" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiksi_remaja" title="Fiksi remaja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fiksi remaja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_adult" title="Young adult – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Young adult" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litterae_iuvenes" title="Litterae iuvenes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Litterae iuvenes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiksyen_remaja" title="Fiksyen remaja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fiksyen remaja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeugdliteratuur" title="Jeugdliteratuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jeugdliteratuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%96%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="ジュブナイル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュブナイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungdomslitteratur" title="Ungdomslitteratur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ungdomslitteratur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_adult" title="Young adult – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Young adult" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Подростковая литература – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подростковая литература" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young-adult_fiction" title="Young-adult fiction – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Young-adult fiction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mladinska_literatura" title="Mladinska literatura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mladinska literatura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevnost_za_mlade" title="Književnost za mlade – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Književnost za mlade" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuortenkirjallisuus" title="Nuortenkirjallisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nuortenkirjallisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungdomslitteratur" title="Ungdomslitteratur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ungdomslitteratur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="วรรณกรรมเยาวชน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วรรณกรรมเยาวชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%A7_yeti%C5%9Fkin_kurgu" title="Genç yetişkin kurgu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Genç yetişkin kurgu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Підліткова література – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Підліткова література" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="青年小說 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="青年小說" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="青年文学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="青年文学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1233720#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Young_adult_literature" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Young_adult_literature" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Young_adult_literature">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Young_adult_literature">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Young_adult_literature" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Young_adult_literature" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&oldid=1257457545" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Young_adult_literature&id=1257457545&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYoung_adult_literature">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYoung_adult_literature">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Young_adult_literature&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Young_adult_literature" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1233720" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_fiction&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Young adult fiction">Young adult fiction</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Literature written for adolescents and young adults</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Juvenile fiction" redirects here. For children's fiction, see <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a>.</div> Young adult literature (YA) is typically written for readers aged 12 to 18<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> and includes most of the themes found in adult fiction, such as friendship, substance abuse, alcoholism, and sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-Wells-3">[3]</a> Stories that focus on the challenges of youth may be further categorized as <a href="/wiki/Social_novel" title="Social novel">social</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming-of-age novel">coming-of-age novels</a>. The earliest known use of term young adult occurred in 1942.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The designation of young adult literature was originally developed by librarians to help teenagers make the transition between children's literature and adult literature,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> following the recognition, around <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, of teenagers as a distinct group of young people. While the genre is targeted at adolescents, a 2012 study found that 55% of young adult literature purchases were made by adults.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions">edit</a>]</div> Author and academic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cart" title="Michael Cart">Michael Cart</a> states that the term young adult literature "first found common usage in the late 1960's, in reference to realistic fiction that was set in the real (as opposed to imagined), contemporary world and addressed problems, issues, and life circumstances of interest to young readers aged approximately 12–18". However, "The term 'young adult literature' is inherently amorphous, for its constituent terms “young adult” and “literature” are dynamic, changing as culture and society — which provide their context — change",<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and "even those who study and teach it have not reached a consensus on a definition".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Victor Malo-Juvera, Crag Hill, in "The Young Adult Canon : A Literary Solar System" note that in 2019 there was no consensus on a definition of young adult literature and list a number of definitions, including:<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <ul><li>Books that readers aged 12 to 20 chose independently</li> <li>Literature written for young people aged 11 to 18 and books marked as "young adult" by a publisher</li> <li>Literature including a teenager who is the main character and, as the center of the plot, engages in problems related to and relatable to the lives of teenagers</li> <li>Novels told by "a teen protagonist speaking from an adolescent point of view, with all the limitations of understanding that implies"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Librarians first defined this new category of fiction, in particular librarians from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>. The NYPL's first annual Books for Young People list was sent in 1929 to schools and libraries across the country. Then "In 1944 [...] NYPL librarian Margaret Scoggin changed the name of her library journal column from 'Books for Older Boys and Girls' to 'Books for Young Adults', and the genre was christened with a name that has lasted to this day". Initially the YA genre "tended to feature the same" boy and girl love story. But in the 1960s the novels developed to more fully examining the lives of adolescents. Particularly noteworthy was <a href="/wiki/S._E._Hinton" title="S. E. Hinton">S. E. Hinton</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Outsiders_(novel)" title="The Outsiders (novel)">The Outsiders</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Young_Adult_Fiction_2018-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-20th_century">Pre-20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Guardian_of_Education_vol_I.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_Guardian_of_Education_vol_I.JPG/220px-The_Guardian_of_Education_vol_I.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_Guardian_of_Education_vol_I.JPG/330px-The_Guardian_of_Education_vol_I.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_Guardian_of_Education_vol_I.JPG/440px-The_Guardian_of_Education_vol_I.JPG 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Title page from Sarah Trimmer's The Guardian of Education, vol. I, 1802</figcaption></figure> French historian <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Ari%C3%A8s" title="Philippe Ariès">Philippe Ariès</a> argues, in his 1962 book <a href="/wiki/Centuries_of_Childhood" title="Centuries of Childhood">Centuries of Childhood</a>, that the modern concept of childhood only emerged in recent times. He argues that children were in the past not considered as greatly different from adults and were not given significantly different treatment.<a href="#cite_note-shav-11">[11]</a> Furthermore, "Teenagers weren't a designated demographic in most respects until around World War II, due in part to advances in psychology and sociological changes, like the abolishment of child labor". With this development came the marketing of "clothes, music, films, radio programs, and ... the novel" for young adults.<a href="#cite_note-Young_Adult_Fiction_2018-10">[10]</a> All the same <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Trimmer" title="Sarah Trimmer">Sarah Trimmer</a> in 1802 recognized young adults as a distinct age group describing "young adulthood" as lasting from ages 14 to 21.<a href="#cite_note-Owen-12">[12]</a> In her children's literature periodical, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_of_Education" title="The Guardian of Education">The Guardian of Education</a>, Trimmer introduced the terms "Books for Children" (for those under fourteen) and "Books for Young Persons" (for those between fourteen and twenty-one), establishing terms of reference for young adult literature that still remain in use.<a href="#cite_note-Owen-12">[12]</a> "At the beginning of the eighteenth century", according to M. O. Grenby: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">very few ... enjoyable books for children ... existed. Children read, certainly, but the books that they probably enjoyed reading (or hearing) most, were not designed especially for them. <a href="/wiki/Fables" class="mw-redirect" title="Fables">Fables</a> were available, and fairy stories, lengthy <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romances" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric romances">chivalric romances</a>, and short, affordable pamphlet tales and <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballads</a> called <a href="/wiki/Chapbooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapbooks">chapbooks</a>, but these were published for children and adults alike. Take <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Crouch" title="Nathaniel Crouch">Nathaniel Crouch</a>'s Winter-Evenings Entertainments (1687). It contains <a href="/wiki/Riddle" title="Riddle">riddles</a>, pictures, and 'pleasant and delightful relations of many rare and notable accidents and occurrences' which has suggested to some that it should be thought of as an early children's book. However, its title-page insists that it is "excellently accommodated to the fancies of old or young".<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></blockquote> A number of works by eighteenth and nineteenth-century authors, though not written specifically for young readers, have appealed to them.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Novels by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hodgson_Burnett" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Hodgson Burnett">Francis Hodgson Burnett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edith_Nesbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Nesbit">Edith Nesbit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theconversation.com-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>, published in 1865 and one of the best-known works of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_literature" title="Victorian literature">Victorian literature</a>, has had widespread influence on popular culture and literature, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> genre.<a href="#cite_note-Time-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-published-17">[17]</a> It is credited as helping end an era of <a href="/wiki/Didacticism" title="Didacticism">didacticism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a>, inaugurating an era in which writing for children aimed to "delight or entertain".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The tale has had a lasting popularity with adults as well as with children.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> A shortened version for young children, <a href="/wiki/The_Nursery_%22Alice%22" title="The Nursery "Alice"">The Nursery "Alice"</a> was published in 1890. It was inspired when, on 4 July 1862, Lewis Carroll and Reverend <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Duckworth" title="Robinson Duckworth">Robinson Duckworth</a> rowed in a boat with the three young daughters of scholar <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Henry Liddell</a>:<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Lorina (aged 13); <a href="/wiki/Alice_Liddell" title="Alice Liddell">Alice</a> (aged 10); and Edith Mary (aged 8).<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> During the trip Carroll told the girls a story that he described in his diary as "Alice's Adventures Under Ground" and which his journal says he "undertook to write out for Alice".<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> She finally got the manuscript more than two years later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996126-25">[25]</a> A number of novels by Robert Louis Stevenson were first published in <a href="/wiki/Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">serial</a> form, in a weekly <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literary</a> <a href="/wiki/Literary_magazine" title="Literary magazine">magazine</a> <a href="/wiki/Young_Folks_(magazine)" title="Young Folks (magazine)">Young Folks</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Intro-26">[26]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island" title="Treasure Island">Treasure Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_(novel)" title="Kidnapped (novel)">Kidnapped</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Arrow:_A_Tale_of_the_Two_Roses" title="The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Two Roses">The Black Arrow</a>. This magazine was for boys and girls of an older age than many of its contemporaries.<a href="#cite_note-Brake-27">[27]</a> Mark Twain's <a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer">Tom Sawyer</a> is described by publisher Simon & Schuster as "The classic tale of a young boy's adventures on the Mississippi in the nineteenth century".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The same description can be applied to its sequel, <a href="/wiki/Huckleberry_Finn" title="Huckleberry Finn">Huckleberry Finn</a>. Huck is 12 or 13. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> According to journalist Erin Blakemore, "Though young adult literature had existed since at least <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder" title="Laura Ingalls Wilder">Laura Ingalls Wilder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Little_House_on_the_Prairie" title="Little House on the Prairie">Little House series</a>, which was published in the 1930s, teachers and librarians were slow to accept books for adolescents as a genre".<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1942, <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Summer" title="Seventeenth Summer">Seventeenth Summer</a> – called by some the first young adult novel – by 17 years old Maureen Daly, was published. Its themes were especially relevant to teenagers, underaged drinking, driving, dating, and angst.<a href="#cite_note-Young_Adult_Fiction_2018-10">[10]</a> Another early example is the <a href="/wiki/Heinlein_juveniles" title="Heinlein juveniles">Heinlein juveniles</a>, which were <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> novels written by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> for <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner's</a> young-adult line, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Ship_Galileo" title="Rocket Ship Galileo">Rocket Ship Galileo</a> in 1947. Scribner's published eleven more between 1947 and 1958, but the thirteenth, <a href="/wiki/Starship_Troopers" title="Starship Troopers">Starship Troopers</a>, was instead published by <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">Putnam</a>. The intended market was teenaged boys. A fourteenth novel, <a href="/wiki/Podkayne_of_Mars" title="Podkayne of Mars">Podkayne of Mars</a> (1963), featured a teenaged girl as the protagonist. In the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a> (1951) attracted the attention of the adolescent readers although it was written for adults. The themes of adolescent angst and alienation in the novel have become synonymous with young adult literature.<a href="#cite_note-Owen-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a> (1937) and <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Rings">Lord of the Rings</a> (1954-5) by <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> are highly successful fantasy novels,<a href="#cite_note-thestar-30">[30]</a> which are read to young children and read by both children and adults<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> They are found in the teen or young adult section of American public and school libraries.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> However, Lord of the Rings is generally not on the curriculum of high schools.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> This is because the paperback version can run to almost 1200 pages and the vocabulary is difficult.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/A_Wrinkle_in_Time" title="A Wrinkle in Time">A Wrinkle in Time</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L%27Engle" title="Madeleine L'Engle">Madeleine L'Engle</a> in 1960, received over twenty-six rejections<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> before publication in 1962, because it was, in L'Engle's words, "too different," and "because it deals overtly with the <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_evil" title="Problem of evil">problem of evil</a>, and it was really difficult for children, and was it a children's or an adults' book, anyhow?"<a href="#cite_note-LUnji-2007-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-LEngle-1972-Circle-37">[37]</a> In 1957 the <a href="/wiki/Young_Adult_Library_Services_Association" title="Young Adult Library Services Association">Young Adult Library Services Association</a> – initially called the Young Adult Services Division following a reorganization of the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> – had been created. YALSA evaluates and selects materials for young adults, with the most active YASLA committee being the book selection committee.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Michael Cart argues that the 1960s was the decade when literature for adolescents "could be said to have come into its own".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> A significant early example of young adult fiction was S. E. Hinton's The Outsiders (1967). The novel features a truer, darker side of adolescent life that was not often represented in works of fiction of the time.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Written during high school and written when Hinton was only 16,<a href="#cite_note-penguin-45">[45]</a> The Outsiders also lacked the nostalgic tone common in books about adolescents written by adults.<a href="#cite_note-Peck-46">[46]</a> The Outsiders remains one of the best-selling young adult novels of all time.<a href="#cite_note-Peck-46">[46]</a> In the late 1960s and early 1970s, five other very popular books were published: <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a> (1969), an autobiography of the early years of American poet <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>; The Friends (1973) by <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Guy" title="Rosa Guy">Rosa Guy</a>; the semi-autobiographical <a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Jar" title="The Bell Jar">The Bell Jar</a> (US 1963, under a pseudonym; UK 1967) by poet <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Plath" title="Sylvia Plath">Sylvia Plath</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bless_the_Beasts_and_Children_(novel)" title="Bless the Beasts and Children (novel)">Bless the Beasts and Children</a> (1970) by <a href="/wiki/Glendon_Swarthout" title="Glendon Swarthout">Glendon Swarthout</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Deathwatch_(novel)" title="Deathwatch (novel)">Deathwatch</a> (1972) by <a href="/wiki/Robb_White" title="Robb White">Robb White</a>, which was awarded 1973 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe_Award_for_Best_Juvenile_winners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Juvenile winners">Edgar Award</a> for Best Juvenile Mystery by the <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Writers_of_America" title="Mystery Writers of America">Mystery Writers of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The works of Angelou and Plath were published as adult works but The Bell Jar deals with a nineteen year old's "teenage angst,"<a href="#cite_note-Dunkle-48">[48]</a> and Angelou's autobiography is one of the ten books most frequently banned from high school and junior high school libraries and classrooms.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Authors <a href="/wiki/Philip_Pullman" title="Philip Pullman">Philip Pullman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> have both argued for the importance of British fantasy writer <a href="/wiki/Alan_Garner" title="Alan Garner">Alan Garner</a>. According to Pullman Garner "is indisputably the great originator, the most important British writer of fantasy since <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien</a>, and in many respects better than Tolkien".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Similarly Ursula le Guin in a review praising Garner's novel <a href="/wiki/Red_Shift_(novel)" title="Red Shift (novel)">Red Shift</a>, argues that "Some of the most interesting English novels of recent years have been published as children's books".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Although Garner's early work is often labelled "children's literature", Garner himself rejects such a description.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Critic Neil Philip, commenting on Garner's early novels, notes that "It may be that Garner's is a case" where the division between children's and adults' literature is "meaningless".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Judy_Blume" title="Judy Blume">Judy Blume</a> author of <a href="/wiki/Are_You_There_God%3F_It%27s_Me,_Margaret." title="Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret.">Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret.</a> (1970), has significantly contributed to children's and young adult literature.<a href="#cite_note-holmes-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> She was one of the first young adult authors to write novels focused on such controversial topics as <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">masturbation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teen_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Teen sex">teen sex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hclib-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-edwards-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_le_Guin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ursula le Guin">Ursula le Guin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Wizard_of_Earthsea" title="A Wizard of Earthsea">A Wizard of Earthsea</a>, published in 1968, had a significant influence on YA fantasy fiction. It won or contributed to several notable awards for le Guin, including the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Globe%E2%80%93Horn_Book_Award" title="Boston Globe–Horn Book Award">Boston Globe–Horn Book Award</a> in 1969,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> and was one of the last winners of the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll_Shelf_Award" title="Lewis Carroll Shelf Award">Lewis Carroll Shelf Award</a>. With regard to the <a href="/wiki/Earthsea" title="Earthsea">Earthsea</a> series Barbara Bucknal stated that "Le Guin was not writing for young children when she wrote these fantasies, nor yet for adults. She was writing for 'older kids'. But in fact she can be read, like Tolkien, by ten-year-olds and by adults. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a> said that ... A Wizard of Earthsea ... since it dealt with themes such as "life and mortality and who are we as human beings", it could be read and enjoyed by anybody older than twelve.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Reviewers have commented that the basic premise of A Wizard of Earthsea, that of a talented boy going to a wizard's school and making an enemy with whom he has a close connection, is also the premise of Harry Potter.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> As publishers began to focus on the emerging adolescent market, more booksellers and libraries began creating young adult sections distinct from <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a> and novels written for adults.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 1970s to the mid-1980s have been described as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age">golden age</a> of young-adult fiction, when challenging novels began speaking directly to the interests of the identified adolescent market.<a href="#cite_note-Owen-12">[12]</a> In the 1980s, young adult literature began pushing the envelope in terms of the subject matter that was considered appropriate for their audience: Books dealing with topics such as <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>, parental death, and <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a> which had previously been deemed taboo, saw significant critical and commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-sheet-63">[63]</a> A flip-side of this trend was a strong revived interest in the romance novel, including <a href="/wiki/Young_adult_romance_literature" title="Young adult romance literature">young adult romance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parrish-64">[64]</a> With an increase in number of adolescents, the genre "matured, blossomed, and came into its own, with the better written, more serious, and more varied young adult books (than those) published during the last two decades".<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The first novel in <a href="/wiki/J.K._Rowling" class="mw-redirect" title="J.K. Rowling">J.K. Rowling</a>'s seven-book <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</a>, was published in 1997. Originally marketed in the UK under the broad category of children's literature, the books received attention and praise for their increasingly mature and sophisticated nature, eventually garnering a significant audience of adult readers.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> This phenomenon led many to see Harry Potter and J.K. Rowling as responsible for a resurgence of young adult literature.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> It also established a pre-eminent role for speculative fiction in the field, a trend further solidified by <a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games" title="The Hunger Games">The Hunger Games</a> trilogy by Suzanne Collins. The end of the decade saw a number of awards appear such as the <a href="/wiki/Printz_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Printz Award">Michael L. Printz Award</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Awards" title="Alex Awards">Alex Awards</a>, designed to recognize excellence in writing for young adult audiences. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Pullman" title="Philip Pullman">Philip Pullman</a>'s fantasy trilogy <a href="/wiki/His_Dark_Materials" title="His Dark Materials">His Dark Materials</a>, published between 1995 and 2000, added another controversial topic to the field by attacking established religion, especially <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lights_(Pullman_novel)" title="Northern Lights (Pullman novel)">Northern Lights</a>, the first volume in the trilogy, won the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Medal_(literary_award)" title="Carnegie Medal (literary award)">Carnegie Medal</a> as the year's outstanding English-language children's book.<a href="#cite_note-medal1995-70">[70]</a> Pullman has written other YA fiction, including the Sally Lockhart series (1985–94), as well as books for younger children. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> The category of young adult fiction continues to expand into other media and genres: <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic novels">graphic novels</a>/<a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Light novels">light novels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mystery fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romance_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance novels">romance novels</a>, and even subcategories such as <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">techno-thrillers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Christian fiction">contemporary Christian fiction</a>. A survey of attendees at a 2018 conference of educators found that the most frequently taught YA texts in America from 2013 to 2018, ordered from most to least taught, were <a href="/wiki/Speak_(Anderson_novel)" title="Speak (Anderson novel)">Speak</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Absolutely_True_Diary_of_a_Part-Time_Indian" title="The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian">The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Giver" title="The Giver">The Giver</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Outsiders_(novel)" title="The Outsiders (novel)">The Outsiders</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_House_on_Mango_Street" title="The House on Mango Street">The House on Mango Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Born_Chinese_(graphic_novel)" title="American Born Chinese (graphic novel)">American Born Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monster_(Myers_novel)" title="Monster (Myers novel)">Monster</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Book_Thief" title="The Book Thief">The Book Thief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persepolis_(comic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Persepolis (comic)">Persepolis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Perks_of_Being_a_Wallflower" title="The Perks of Being a Wallflower">The Perks of Being a Wallflower</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Themes">edit</a>]</div> Many young adult novels feature coming-of-age stories. These feature adolescents beginning to transform into adults, working through personal problems, and learning to take responsibility for their actions.<a href="#cite_note-:10-72">[72]</a> YA serves many literary purposes. It provides a pleasurable reading experience for young people, emphasizing real-life experiences and problems in easier-to-grasp ways, and depicts societal functions.<a href="#cite_note-:10-72">[72]</a> An analysis of YA novels between 1980 and 2000 found seventeen expansive literary themes. The most common of these were friendship, getting into trouble, romantic and sexual interest, and family life.<a href="#cite_note-Wells-3">[3]</a> Other common thematic elements revolve around the coming-of-age nature of the texts. This includes narratives about self-identity, life and death, and individuality.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genre">Genre</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genre">edit</a>]</div> Some of the most common YA genres are contemporary fiction, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical fiction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romance_novel" title="Romance novel">romance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_genre" title="Hybrid genre">Hybrid genres</a> are also common in YA.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problem_novels">Problem novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Problem novels">edit</a>]</div> The social problem novel or <a href="/wiki/Social_novel" title="Social novel">problem novel</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Sub-genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-genre">sub-genre</a> of literature focusing and commenting on overarching social problems.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> This type of <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a> is usually seen as originating in the 19th century, though there were precursors in the 18th century, like <a href="/wiki/Amelia_(novel)" title="Amelia (novel)">Amelia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a> (1751), and <a href="/wiki/Things_as_They_Are;_or,_The_Adventures_of_Caleb_Williams" title="Things as They Are; or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams">Caleb Williams</a> (1794) by <a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">William Godwin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> They are typically a type of <a href="/wiki/Realistic_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Realistic fiction">realistic fiction</a> that characteristically depict, in the YA version of this genre, issues such as <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a>, and pregnancy.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Published in 1967, <a href="/wiki/S._E._Hinton" title="S. E. Hinton">S.E. Hinton's</a> The Outsiders is a well-known example of the YA problem novel.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Following its publication, problem novels became popular during the 1970s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Librarian <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Egoff" title="Sheila Egoff">Sheila Egoff</a> described three reasons why problem novels resonate with adolescents:<a href="#cite_note-:24-83">[83]</a> <ul><li>They depict real situations that the readers are experiencing so they have "therapeutic value".</li> <li>They are interesting, new and foreign to those not experiencing these issues.</li> <li>They feature mature story lines which appeal to a child's desire to grow up.</li></ul> A classic example of a problem novel, and one that defined the sub-genre, is <a href="/wiki/Go_Ask_Alice" title="Go Ask Alice">Go Ask Alice</a> anonymously published by <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Sparks" title="Beatrice Sparks">Beatrice Sparks</a> in 1971. Go Ask Alice is written as the diary of a young girl, who, to cope with her many problems, experiments with drugs. More recent examples include <a href="/wiki/Speak_(Anderson_novel)" title="Speak (Anderson novel)">Speak</a> by <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Halse_Anderson" title="Laurie Halse Anderson">Laurie Halse Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crank_(novel)" title="Crank (novel)">Crank</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hopkins" title="Ellen Hopkins">Ellen Hopkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Perks_of_Being_a_Wallflower" title="The Perks of Being a Wallflower">The Perks of Being a Wallflower</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Chbosky" title="Stephen Chbosky">Stephen Chbosky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundaries_between_children's,_young_adult,_and_adult_fiction">Boundaries between children's, young adult, and adult fiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Boundaries between children's, young adult, and adult fiction">edit</a>]</div> The boundary between books for children and adult literature is flexible and loosely defined and in particular "the young have always been efficient [plunderers] of stories from all sources, and have carried off such literary booty as pleased them".<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> This boundary has been policed by adults and has "alternated between the rigid and the permeable depending on the political and cultural climate".<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> At the lower end of the age spectrum, fiction targeted to readers aged 8–12 is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Middle_grade_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle grade fiction">middle grade fiction</a>. Some novels originally marketed to adults are of interest and value to adolescents, and vice versa, as in the case of books such as the Harry Potter series of novels.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Some examples of middle grade novels and novel series include the <a href="/wiki/Percy_Jackson_%26_the_Olympians" title="Percy Jackson & the Olympians">Percy Jackson & the Olympians</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Rick_Riordan" title="Rick Riordan">Rick Riordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Underland_Chronicles" title="The Underland Chronicles">The Underland Chronicles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Collins" title="Suzanne Collins">Suzanne Collins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Wimpy_Kid" title="Diary of a Wimpy Kid">Diary of a Wimpy Kid</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kinney" title="Jeff Kinney">Jeff Kinney</a>. Examples of young adult novels and novel series include the Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling, The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins, the <a href="/wiki/Alex_Rider" title="Alex Rider">Alex Rider</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Horowitz" title="Anthony Horowitz">Anthony Horowitz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mortal_Instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortal Instruments">Mortal Instruments</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Clare" title="Cassandra Clare">Cassandra Clare</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Middle grade novels are usually shorter, and are significantly less mature and complex in theme and content than YA. YA novels are for ages 12–18, and tackle more mature and adult themes and content than middle grade novels. The latter usually feature protagonists between the ages of 10 and 13, whereas young adult novels usually feature protagonists from 14 to 18.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_adult_fiction">New adult fiction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New adult fiction">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/New_adult_fiction" title="New adult fiction">New adult fiction</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_adult_fiction&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New-Adult-Romane-in-einer-Buchhandlung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New-Adult-Romane-in-einer-Buchhandlung.jpg/220px-New-Adult-Romane-in-einer-Buchhandlung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New-Adult-Romane-in-einer-Buchhandlung.jpg/330px-New-Adult-Romane-in-einer-Buchhandlung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/New-Adult-Romane-in-einer-Buchhandlung.jpg/440px-New-Adult-Romane-in-einer-Buchhandlung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Department with New adult books in a German bookstore (2023)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/New_adult_fiction" title="New adult fiction">New adult</a> (NA) fiction is a developing genre of fiction with protagonists in the 18–29 age bracket.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a> first coined the term in 2009, when they held a special call for "fiction similar to <a href="/wiki/Young_adult_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Young adult fiction">young adult fiction</a> (YA) that can be published and marketed as adult—a sort of an 'older YA' or 'new adult'".<a href="#cite_note-New_adult_fiction_GC1-90">[90]</a> New adult fiction tends to focus on issues such as leaving home, developing sexuality, and negotiating education and career choices.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The genre has gained popularity rapidly over the last few years, particularly through books by self-published bestselling authors such as <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_L._Armentrout" title="Jennifer L. Armentrout">Jennifer L. Armentrout</a>, Cora Carmack, <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Hoover" title="Colleen Hoover">Colleen Hoover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Todd" title="Anna Todd">Anna Todd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jamie_McGuire_(author)" title="Jamie McGuire (author)">Jamie McGuire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The genre originally faced criticism, as some viewed it as a marketing scheme,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> while others claimed the readership was not there to publish the material.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In contrast, others claimed the term was necessary; a publicist for <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> described it as "a convenient label because it allows parents and bookstores and interested readers to know what is inside".<a href="#cite_note-New_adult_fiction_nytimes.com-96">[96]</a> Examples of books in the new adult genre include <a href="/wiki/Sarah_J._Maas" title="Sarah J. Maas">Sarah J. Maas</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Court_of_Thorns_and_Roses" title="A Court of Thorns and Roses">A Court of Thorns and Roses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Glass" title="Throne of Glass">Throne of Glass</a>, Jennifer L. Armentrout's Wait for You and Blood and Ash series, Jamie McGuire's <a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Disaster_(novel)" title="Beautiful Disaster (novel)">Beautiful Disaster</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Colleen Hoover's Slammed,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Cora Carmack's Losing It,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kendall_Ryan_(novelist)" title="Kendall Ryan (novelist)">Kendall Ryan</a>'s The Impact of You<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casey_McQuiston" title="Casey McQuiston">Casey McQuiston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Red,_White_%26_Royal_Blue" title="Red, White & Royal Blue">Red, White & Royal Blue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses_in_the_classroom">Uses in the classroom</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Uses in the classroom">edit</a>]</div> YA has been integrated into classrooms to increase student interest in reading. Studies have shown that YA can be beneficial in classroom settings.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> YA fiction is written for adolescents and some believe it to be more relevant to students' social and emotional needs instead of <a href="/wiki/Classic_book" title="Classic book">classic literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-103">[103]</a> Use of YA in classrooms is linked to:<a href="#cite_note-:12-104">[104]</a> <ul><li>higher levels of engagement and motivation among students</li> <li>increased levels of self-confidence, personal development and self-identification</li> <li>increased desire to read similar books</li></ul> Students who read YA are more likely to appreciate literature and have stronger reading skills than others.<a href="#cite_note-:11-103">[103]</a> YA also allows teachers to talk about "<a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a>" or difficult topics with their students. For example, a 2014 study shows that using <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Halse_Anderson" title="Laurie Halse Anderson">Laurie Halse Anderson</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Speak_(Anderson_novel)" title="Speak (Anderson novel)">Speak</a> aided in discussions on consent and complicity. Those who read about tough situations like <a href="/wiki/Date_rape" title="Date rape">date rape</a> are more emotionally prepared to handle the situation if it arises.<a href="#cite_note-:12-104">[104]</a> It is important to use diverse literature in the classroom, especially in discussing taboo topics, to avoid excluding minority students.<a href="#cite_note-:12-104">[104]</a> Literature written for young adults can also be used as a stepping stone to <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">canonical works</a> that are traditionally read in classrooms, and required by many school <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curriculums</a>. In Building a Culture of Readers: YA Literature and the Canon by Kara Lycke, Lycke suggests pairing young adult literature and canon works to prepare young adults to understand the classic literature they will encounter.<a href="#cite_note-:13-105">[105]</a> YA can provide familiar and less alienating examples of similar concepts than those in classic literature.<a href="#cite_note-:11-103">[103]</a> Suggested pairings include Rick Riordan's Percy Jackson series with the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Stephenie_Meyer" title="Stephenie Meyer">Stephenie Meyer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Twilight_(novel_series)" title="Twilight (novel series)">Twilight</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a>. When discussing identity, Lycke suggests pairing <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Absolutely_True_Diary_of_a_Part-Time_Indian" title="The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian">The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_content">Political content</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Political content">edit</a>]</div> The trend to include same-sex relationships and transgender characters in young adult fiction has caused considerable controversy. Conservative activists and religious groups have also criticized young adult fiction for violence, explicit sexual content, obscene language, and suicide.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative</a> young adult fiction is sometimes targeted by critics for religious reasons, including <a href="/wiki/Religious_debates_over_the_Harry_Potter_series" title="Religious debates over the Harry Potter series">religious debates over the Harry Potter series</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and Philip Pullman's trilogy His Dark Materials.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Criticism has also been leveled at young adult fiction authors for alleged insensitivity to marginalized communities or <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">cultural appropriation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lack_of_diversity">Lack of diversity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lack of diversity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Diversity_in_young_adult_fiction" title="Diversity in young adult fiction">Diversity in young adult fiction</a></div> English language young adult fiction and <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a> in general have historically shown a lack of books with a main character who is a <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">person of color</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabled</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In the UK 90% of the best-selling YA titles from 2006 to 2016 featured white, able-bodied, cis-gendered, and heterosexual main characters.<a href="#cite_note-Ramdarshan_Bold,_M-113">[113]</a> The numbers of children's book authors have shown a similar lack of diversity.<a href="#cite_note-ccbc_table-114">[114]</a> Between 2006 and 2016, eight percent of all young adult authors published in the UK were people of color.<a href="#cite_note-Ramdarshan_Bold,_M-113">[113]</a> Some[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] consider diversity beneficial since it encourages children of diverse backgrounds to read and it teaches children of all backgrounds an accurate view of the world around them.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] In the mid-2010s, more attention was drawn to diversity from various quarters.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In the several years following, diversity numbers seem to have increased: One survey showed that in 2017, a quarter of children's books were about minority protagonists, almost a 10% increase from 2016.<a href="#cite_note-ccbc_table-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_merit">Literary merit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Literary merit">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Zipes" title="Jack Zipes">Jack Zipes</a>, a professor of German and literature, has criticized the standardized nature of young adult fiction in Western society. He writes that to become a phenomenon, a work has to "conform to the standards [...] set by the mass media and promoted by the culture industry in general." Zipes complains of similarities between Harry Potter and other well known heroes.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Crowe_(author)" title="Chris Crowe (author)">Chris Crowe</a> argues that criticism of young adult fiction arises from the fear that the genre will replace classic works. He also suggests that because there is much poorly written young adult fiction, and the genre's recent development, it has difficulty in establishing its value in relation to the classics of literature.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_young_adult_fiction_awards" title="List of young adult fiction awards">List of young adult fiction awards</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/20px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/30px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg/41px-Tom_Sawyer_1876_frontispiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1536" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Children_and_Young_Adult_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Children and Young Adult Literature">Children and Young Adult Literature portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">Genre fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_classic_books" title="List of children's classic books">List of children's classic books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature_periodicals" title="Children's literature periodicals">Children's literature periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_teen_fiction" title="Gay teen fiction">Gay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_teen_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian teen fiction">lesbian teen fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_novel" title="Light novel">Light novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_young_adult_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of young adult authors">List of young adult authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">Literary genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse_novel" title="Verse novel">Verse novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Adult_Library_Services_Association" title="Young Adult Library Services Association">Young Adult Library Services Association</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebalance.com/the-young-adult-book-market-2799954">"Young Adult Book Market Facts and Figures"</a>. The Balance. Retrieved 26 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Balance&rft.atitle=Young+Adult+Book+Market+Facts+and+Figures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebalance.com%2Fthe-young-adult-book-market-2799954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall2014" class="citation book cs1">Randall, Rachel, ed. (2014). 2015 Novel and Short Story Writer's Market. Cincinnati: <a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_Digest_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Writer's Digest Books">Writer's Digest Books</a>. pp. 498–500. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59963-841-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59963-841-6"><bdi>978-1-59963-841-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2015+Novel+and+Short+Story+Writer%27s+Market&rft.place=Cincinnati&rft.pages=498-500&rft.pub=Writer%27s+Digest+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-59963-841-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wells-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wells_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2003" class="citation web cs1">Wells, April (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ils.unc.edu/MSpapers/2861.pdf">"Themes Found in Young Adult Literature: A comparative study between 1980 and 2000"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Themes+Found+in+Young+Adult+Literature%3A+A+comparative+study+between+1980+and+2000&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=April&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fils.unc.edu%2FMSpapers%2F2861.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/young%20adult#word-history">"Young adult - Word History"</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Young+adult+-+Word+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fyoung%2520adult%23word-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning1962" class="citation journal cs1">Dunning, Stephen (1962). "Criticism and the "Young Adult Novel"". The High School Journal. 45 (5): 208–213. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40366769">40366769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+High+School+Journal&rft.atitle=Criticism+and+the+%22Young+Adult+Novel%22&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=208-213&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40366769%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-industry-news/article/53937-new-study-55-of-ya-books-bought-by-adults.html">"New Study: 55% of YA Books Bought by Adults"</a>. PublishersWeekly.com. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PublishersWeekly.com&rft.atitle=New+Study%3A+55%25+of+YA+Books+Bought+by+Adults&rft.date=2012-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Fchildrens%2Fchildrens-industry-news%2Farticle%2F53937-new-study-55-of-ya-books-bought-by-adults.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCart2008" class="citation web cs1">Cart, Michael (8 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ala.org/yalsa/guidelines/whitepapers/yalit">"The Value of Young Adult Literature"</a>. Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA). Retrieved 15 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Young+Adult+Library+Services+Association+%28YALSA%29&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Young+Adult+Literature&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft.aulast=Cart&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fyalsa%2Fguidelines%2Fwhitepapers%2Fyalit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Victor Malo-Juvera, Crag Hill, "The Young Adult Canon : A Literary Solar System", in Critical Explorations of Young Adult Literature London: Routledge, 2019, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> In Critical Explorations of Young Adult Literature. London: Routledge, 2019, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_Adult_Fiction_2018-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_Adult_Fiction_2018_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_Adult_Fiction_2018_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_Adult_Fiction_2018_10-2">c</a> "The Evolution of YA: Young Adult Fiction, Explained." The Evolution of YA: Young Adult Fiction, Explained [Featuring Lindsay Ellis], 25 June 2018. Gale In Context: Middle School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/JWHCDX883772507/MSIC?u=sain66118&sid=bookmark-MSIC&xid=b66a28c2. Accessed 18 May 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-shav-11"><a href="#cite_ref-shav_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShavit2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zohar_Shavit" title="Zohar Shavit">Shavit, Zohar</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NerYSgnlnaIC&pg=PP10">Poetics of Children's Literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Press" title="University of Georgia Press">University of Georgia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3481-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3481-3"><bdi>978-0-8203-3481-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetics+of+Children%27s+Literature&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-3481-3&rft.aulast=Shavit&rft.aufirst=Zohar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNerYSgnlnaIC%26pg%3DPP10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Owen-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Owen_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen_12-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2003" class="citation journal cs1">Owen, Mary (March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200305405;res=IELAPA">"Developing a love of reading: why young adult literature is important"</a>. Orana. 39 (1): 11–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0045-6705">0045-6705</a>. Retrieved 23 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orana&rft.atitle=Developing+a+love+of+reading%3A+why+young+adult+literature+is+important&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-17&rft.date=2003-03&rft.issn=0045-6705&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.informit.com.au%2FdocumentSummary%3Bdn%3D200305405%3Bres%3DIELAPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/the-origins-of-childrens-literature">"The origins of children's literature". British Library, 2014</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarland1998" class="citation book cs1">Garland, Sherry (1998). Writing for Young Adults. Cincinnati, OH: Writer's Digest Books. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89879-857-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89879-857-4"><bdi>0-89879-857-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+for+Young+Adults&rft.place=Cincinnati%2C+OH&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Writer%27s+Digest+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-89879-857-4&rft.aulast=Garland&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theconversation.com-15"><a href="#cite_ref-theconversation.com_15-0">^</a> Susan Broomhall, Joanne McEwan, Stephanie Tarbin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/once-upon-a-time-a-brief-history-of-childrens-literature-75205">"Once upon a time: a brief history of children's literature"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation (website)</a>, 28 May 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Time_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2020" class="citation news cs1">Berman, Judy (15 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection/100-best-fantasy-books/5897157/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/">"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514131729/https://time.com/collection/100-best-fantasy-books/5897157/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Alice%27s+Adventures+in+Wonderland+by+Lewis+Carroll&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Fcollection%2F100-best-fantasy-books%2F5897157%2Falices-adventures-in-wonderland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-published-17"><a href="#cite_ref-published_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrum2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_McCrum" title="Robert McCrum">McCrum, Robert</a> (20 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/20/100-best-novels-alice-wonderland">"The 100 best novels: No 18 – Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (1865)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310143738/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/20/100-best-novels-alice-wonderland">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+100+best+novels%3A+No+18+%E2%80%93+Alice%27s+Adventures+in+Wonderland+by+Lewis+Carroll+%281865%29&rft.date=2014-01-20&rft.aulast=McCrum&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fjan%2F20%2F100-best-novels-alice-wonderland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusina2009" class="citation book cs1">Susina, Jan (8 September 2009). The Place of Lewis Carroll in Children's Literature. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203869314">10.4324/9780203869314</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-25440-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-25440-7"><bdi>978-1-135-25440-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Place+of+Lewis+Carroll+in+Children%27s+Literature&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203869314&rft.isbn=978-1-135-25440-7&rft.aulast=Susina&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLecercle1994" class="citation book cs1">Lecercle, Jean-Jacques (1994). Philosophy of nonsense: the intuitions of Victorian nonsense literature. Routledge. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-07652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-07652-4"><bdi>978-0-415-07652-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+nonsense%3A+the+intuitions+of+Victorian+nonsense+literature&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-415-07652-4&rft.aulast=Lecercle&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1990" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Richard (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lewiscarroll00rich">Lewis Carroll</a>. Twayne Publishers. pp. x, 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-6988-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8057-6988-9"><bdi>0-8057-6988-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20091436">20091436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lewis+Carroll&rft.pages=x%2C+14&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20091436&rft.isbn=0-8057-6988-9&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flewiscarroll00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesGladstone1998" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Jo Elwyn; Gladstone, J. Francis (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alicecompaniongu0000jone">The Alice Companion: A Guide to Lewis Carroll's Alice Books</a>. Macmillan. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-67349-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-67349-2"><bdi>0-333-67349-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60150544">60150544</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alice+Companion%3A+A+Guide+to+Lewis+Carroll%27s+Alice+Books&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60150544&rft.isbn=0-333-67349-2&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jo+Elwyn&rft.au=Gladstone%2C+J.+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falicecompaniongu0000jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Gardner, Martin</a> (1993) [1960]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annotatedaliceal0000carr_t0o6">The Annotated Alice</a>. Bramhall House. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-02962-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-02962-6"><bdi>0-517-02962-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33157612">33157612</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Alice&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Bramhall+House&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33157612&rft.isbn=0-517-02962-6&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannotatedaliceal0000carr_t0o6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1997" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Sally (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originalalicefro0000brow">The Original Alice: From Manuscript to Wonderland</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. pp. 17–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7123-4533-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7123-4533-7"><bdi>0-7123-4533-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38277057">38277057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Alice%3A+From+Manuscript+to+Wonderland&rft.place=London&rft.pages=17-19&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38277057&rft.isbn=0-7123-4533-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginalalicefro0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morton_N._Cohen" title="Morton N. Cohen">Cohen, Morton N.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lewiscarroll00mort">Lewis Carroll: A Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. pp. 125–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-74562-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-74562-9"><bdi>0-679-74562-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36163687">36163687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lewis+Carroll%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36163687&rft.isbn=0-679-74562-9&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Morton+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flewiscarroll00mort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996126-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996126_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-Intro-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Intro_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Louis_StevensonSutherland2007" class="citation book cs1">Robert Louis Stevenson; Sutherland, John (27 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EP-Mb7du4NsC&pg=PT38">"The Composition and Publication of the Black Arrow"</a>. The Black Arrow. Penguin Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190524-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190524-2"><bdi>978-0-14-190524-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Composition+and+Publication+of+the+Black+Arrow&rft.btitle=The+Black+Arrow&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft.isbn=978-0-14-190524-2&rft.au=Robert+Louis+Stevenson&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEP-Mb7du4NsC%26pg%3DPT38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brake-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Brake_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurel_BrakeMarysa_Demoor2009" class="citation book cs1">Laurel Brake; Marysa Demoor (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qVrUTUelE6YC&pg=PA474">Dictionary of Nineteenth-century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland</a>. Academia Press. p. 474. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-382-1340-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-382-1340-8"><bdi>978-90-382-1340-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Nineteenth-century+Journalism+in+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.pages=474&rft.pub=Academia+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-382-1340-8&rft.au=Laurel+Brake&rft.au=Marysa+Demoor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqVrUTUelE6YC%26pg%3DPA474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simonandschuster.ca/books/The-Adventures-of-Tom-Sawyer/Mark-Twain/Vocabulary-Building-Classics/9781684129973">Simon & Schuster</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlakemore2015" class="citation web cs1">Blakemore, Erin (10 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.jstor.org/history-of-young-adult-fiction/">"A Brief History of Young Adult Fiction"</a>. JSTOR Daily. Retrieved 25 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JSTOR+Daily&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Young+Adult+Fiction&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft.aulast=Blakemore&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.jstor.org%2Fhistory-of-young-adult-fiction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thestar-30"><a href="#cite_ref-thestar_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2007" class="citation web cs1">Wagner, Vit (16 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309035210/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/203389">"Tolkien proves he's still the king"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/203389">the original</a> on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Tolkien+proves+he%27s+still+the+king&rft.date=2007-04-16&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Vit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Farticle%2F203389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tolkiensociety.org/app/uploads/2016/11/Tolkien-as-a-Writer-for-Young-Adults.pdf">Jessica Yates, "Tolkien as a Writer for Young Adults". Excerpted from St. James Guide to Young Adult Writers, ed. Dave Collins (Gale Research, 1999). Reprinted by kind permission of The Gale Group. Tolkien Society</a>; Ursula le Guin, The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction, New York: Perigee, 1980, p. 173. Le Guin describes reading Lord of the Rings, in three days, reading it to her nine year old, and that her teenagers were now reading it on their own. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypl.na2.iiivega.com/search?query=hobbit&searchType=everything&pageSize=10">New York Public Library</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpl.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S75C4690101">Boston Public Library</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2022" class="citation thesis cs1">Casey, Madison (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/handle/10339/100746">Engaging Secondary Students Through Secondary Worlds: An Approach to Teaching Tolkien at the High School Level</a> (Thesis). Wake Forest University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Engaging+Secondary+Students+Through+Secondary+Worlds%3A+An+Approach+to+Teaching+Tolkien+at+the+High+School+Level&rft.inst=Wake+Forest+University&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Madison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwakespace.lib.wfu.edu%2Fhandle%2F10339%2F100746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Uncommon_words">"Within J.R.R. Tolkien's works, there are many uncommon, archaic, obsolete and dialectal words (especially from the dialects of the United Kingdom), and words used in unusual senses, which might cause confusion to readers and may make a passage of text appear unwieldy." "Uncommon words", Tolkien Gateway</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEschner" class="citation web cs1">Eschner, Kat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/beloved-baffling-wrinkle-time-was-rejected-26-publishers-180961227/">"The Beloved, Baffling 'A Wrinkle in Time' Was Rejected By 26 Publishers"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 25 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Beloved%2C+Baffling+%27A+Wrinkle+in+Time%27+Was+Rejected+By+26+Publishers&rft.aulast=Eschner&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fbeloved-baffling-wrinkle-time-was-rejected-26-publishers-180961227%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LUnji-2007-36"><a href="#cite_ref-LUnji-2007_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL'Unji2007" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L%27Engle" title="Madeleine L'Engle">L'Unji, Madeleine</a> (2007). Go Fish: Questions for the Author. A Wrinkle in Time (Report). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Square_Fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Fish">Square Fish</a>. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-36754-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-36754-1"><bdi>978-0-312-36754-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Go+Fish%3A+Questions+for+the+Author&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Square+Fish&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-312-36754-1&rft.aulast=L%27Unji&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LEngle-1972-Circle-37"><a href="#cite_ref-LEngle-1972-Circle_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL'Engle1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L%27Engle" title="Madeleine L'Engle">L'Engle, Madeleine</a> (January 1972). A Circle of Quiet. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_%26_Giroux" class="mw-redirect" title="Farrar, Straus & Giroux">Farrar, Straus & Giroux</a>. pp. 5–6, 21, 66, 217–218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-374-12374-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-374-12374-8"><bdi>0-374-12374-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Circle+of+Quiet&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=5-6%2C+21%2C+66%2C+217-218&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+%26+Giroux&rft.date=1972-01&rft.isbn=0-374-12374-8&rft.aulast=L%27Engle&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/yalsa/aboutyalsa/history/briefhistory">"Brief History of the Young Adult Services Division"</a>. 29 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+History+of+the+Young+Adult+Services+Division&rft.date=2006-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fyalsa%2Faboutyalsa%2Fhistory%2Fbriefhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/yalsa/aboutyalsa/yalsahandbook/yasdnarrative">"YASD A Narrative History from 1976 to 1992"</a>. 29 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YASD+A+Narrative+History+from+1976+to+1992&rft.date=2006-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fyalsa%2Faboutyalsa%2Fyalsahandbook%2Fyasdnarrative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/yalsa/aboutyalsa/yalsahandbook/yalsahistory">"YALSA: History From 1992 to 2000"</a>. 29 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YALSA%3A+History+From+1992+to+2000&rft.date=2006-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fyalsa%2Faboutyalsa%2Fyalsahandbook%2Fyalsahistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/yalsa/products%26publications">"YALSA Products and Publications"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YALSA+Products+and+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fyalsa%2Fproducts%2526publications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Cart, p. 43, </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Jon Michaud, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/hinton-outsiders-young-adult-literature">"S. E. Hinton and the Y.A. Debate"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, 14 October 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Constance Grady,"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/6/26/15841216/outsiders-harry-potter-ya-young-adult-se-hinton-jk-rowling">The Outsiders reinvented young adult fiction. Harry Potter made it inescapable.</a>," <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox (website)</a>, 26 January 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-penguin-45"><a href="#cite_ref-penguin_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/536555/the-outsiders-by-se-hinton">"The Outsiders"</a>. Penguin Random House. Retrieved 18 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Outsiders&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fbooks%2F536555%2Fthe-outsiders-by-se-hinton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peck-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peck_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peck_46-1">b</a> Dale Peck, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/books/review/Peck-t.html?pagewanted=1&_r=3">'The Outsiders': 40 Years Later</a>, New York Times, 23 September 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Cart, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunkle-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Dunkle_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunkle2011" class="citation book cs1">Dunkle, Iris Jamahl (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pvld.org/sites/default/files/BELL%20JAR%20-%20Understanding%20Culture%20References%20%281%29.pdf">"Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar: Understanding Cultural and Historical Context in an Iconic Text"</a> (PDF). In McCann, Janet (ed.). Critical Insights: The Bell Jar. Pasadena, California: <a href="/wiki/Salem_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Press">Salem Press</a>. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58765-836-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58765-836-5"><bdi>978-1-58765-836-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sylvia+Plath%27s+The+Bell+Jar%3A+Understanding+Cultural+and+Historical+Context+in+an+Iconic+Text&rft.btitle=Critical+Insights%3A+The+Bell+Jar&rft.place=Pasadena%2C+California&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-58765-836-5&rft.aulast=Dunkle&rft.aufirst=Iris+Jamahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpvld.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FBELL%2520JAR%2520-%2520Understanding%2520Culture%2520References%2520%25281%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Lupton, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullmanGaimanCooperNix2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pullman, Philip; Gaiman, Neil; Cooper, Susan; Nix, Garth; Almond, David; Faber, Michael (2010). "Praise for Garner". The Weirdstone of Brisingamen (50th Anniversary ed.). London: HarperCollins Children's Books. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Praise+for+Garner&rft.btitle=The+Weirdstone+of+Brisingamen&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=50th+Anniversary&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Children%27s+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Pullman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Gaiman%2C+Neil&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Susan&rft.au=Nix%2C+Garth&rft.au=Almond%2C+David&rft.au=Faber%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Foundation, 6, U.,K., 1974, p.109. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonGarner1989" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Raymond H.; Garner, Alan (12 April 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/intrvws/garner.htm">"Interview with Alan Garner"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108181114/http://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/text/interview-with-alan-garner">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Alan+Garner&rft.date=1989-04-12&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Raymond+H.&rft.au=Garner%2C+Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.rochester.edu%2Fcamelot%2Fintrvws%2Fgarner.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip1981" class="citation book cs1">Philip, Neil (1981). A Fine Anger: A Critical Introduction to the Work of Alan Garner. London: Collins. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-195043-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-195043-6"><bdi>978-0-00-195043-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Fine+Anger%3A+A+Critical+Introduction+to+the+Work+of+Alan+Garner&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-00-195043-6&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Children%27s_Literature" title="The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature">The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature</a>. 1984. p. 199.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Children%27s+Literature&rft.pages=199&rft.date=1984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-holmes-55"><a href="#cite_ref-holmes_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Holmes, Anna (22 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/judy-blumes-magnificent-girls">"Judy Blume's Magnificent Girls"</a>. The New Yorker. Retrieved 5 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Judy+Blume%27s+Magnificent+Girls&rft.date=2012-03-22&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fjudy-blumes-magnificent-girls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/">"Time 100"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. 13 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Time+100&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Fcollection%2F100-most-influential-people-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hclib-57"><a href="#cite_ref-hclib_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504232033/http://www.supporthclib.org/event/pen-pals-with-judy-blume-in-conversation-with-nancy-pearl/">"Pen Pals with Judy Blume in conversation with Nancy Pearl"</a>. Friends of the Hennepin County Library. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supporthclib.org/event/pen-pals-with-judy-blume-in-conversation-with-nancy-pearl/">the original</a> on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pen+Pals+with+Judy+Blume+in+conversation+with+Nancy+Pearl&rft.pub=Friends+of+the+Hennepin+County+Library&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supporthclib.org%2Fevent%2Fpen-pals-with-judy-blume-in-conversation-with-nancy-pearl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-edwards-58"><a href="#cite_ref-edwards_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/yalsa/booklistsawards/bookawards/margaretaedwards/maeprevious/1996awardwinner">"1996 Margaret A. Edwards Award Winner"</a>. Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA). American Library Association. 1996. Retrieved 5 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1996+Margaret+A.+Edwards+Award+Winner&rft.pub=Young+Adult+Library+Services+Association+%28YALSA%29.+American+Library+Association&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fyalsa%2Fbooklistsawards%2Fbookawards%2Fmargaretaedwards%2Fmaeprevious%2F1996awardwinner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsmonde1981" class="citation journal cs1">Esmonde, Margaret P. (1981). "The Good Witch of the West". Children's Literature. 9. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 185–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fchl.0.0112">10.1353/chl.0.0112</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144926089">144926089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Good+Witch+of+the+West&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=185-190&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fchl.0.0112&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144926089%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Esmonde&rft.aufirst=Margaret+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111019092012/http://archive.hbook.com/bghb/past/past.asp">"Boston Globe–Horn Book Awards – Winners and Honor Books 1967 to 2011"</a>. The Horn Book. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.hbook.com/bghb/past/past.asp">the original</a> on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Horn+Book&rft.atitle=Boston+Globe%E2%80%93Horn+Book+Awards+%E2%80%93+Winners+and+Honor+Books+1967+to+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.hbook.com%2Fbghb%2Fpast%2Fpast.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2014" class="citation news cs1">Russell, Anna (16 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/wsj-book-club-margaret-atwood-chooses-a-wizard-of-earthsea-1413493430">"Margaret Atwood Chooses 'A Wizard of Earthsea'"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Margaret+Atwood+Chooses+%27A+Wizard+of+Earthsea%27&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fwsj-book-club-margaret-atwood-chooses-a-wizard-of-earthsea-1413493430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPower2016" class="citation news cs1">Power, Ed (31 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/harry-potter-and-the-boy-wizard-tradition-1.2738955">"Harry Potter and the boy wizard tradition"</a>. Irish Times. Retrieved 13 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Harry+Potter+and+the+boy+wizard+tradition&rft.date=2016-07-31&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fharry-potter-and-the-boy-wizard-tradition-1.2738955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheet-63"><a href="#cite_ref-sheet_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillis2015" class="citation book cs1">Gillis, Bryan (2015). Sexual content in young adult novels: Reading Between the Sheets. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 101–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442246874" title="Special:BookSources/9781442246874"><bdi>9781442246874</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/965782772">965782772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+content+in+young+adult+novels%3A+Reading+Between+the+Sheets&rft.pages=101-124&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F965782772&rft.isbn=9781442246874&rft.aulast=Gillis&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-parrish-64"><a href="#cite_ref-parrish_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish1983" class="citation journal cs1">Parrish, Berta (April 1983). "Put a Little Romantic Fiction into Your Reading Program". Journal of Reading. 26 (7): 610–615. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40029267">40029267</a>. <q>The 1980s witnessed a new publication trend—series of contemporary teen romance novels, especially planned, written, and marketed just for adolescent girls.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Reading&rft.atitle=Put+a+Little+Romantic+Fiction+into+Your+Reading+Program&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=610-615&rft.date=1983-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40029267%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=Berta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Tomlinson and Lynch-Brown, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen" class="citation web cs1">Rosen, Judith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-industry-news/article/63358-middle-grade-and-ya-where-to-draw-the-line.html">"Middle Grade and YA: Where to Draw the Line?"</a>. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Middle+Grade+and+YA%3A+Where+to+Draw+the+Line%3F&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Fchildrens%2Fchildrens-industry-news%2Farticle%2F63358-middle-grade-and-ya-where-to-draw-the-line.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrady2017" class="citation news cs1">Grady, Constance (26 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/6/26/15841216/outsiders-harry-potter-ya-young-adult-se-hinton-jk-rowling">"The Outsiders reinvented young adult fiction. Harry Potter made it inescapable"</a>. Vox. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+Outsiders+reinvented+young+adult+fiction.+Harry+Potter+made+it+inescapable&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft.aulast=Grady&rft.aufirst=Constance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fculture%2F2017%2F6%2F26%2F15841216%2Foutsiders-harry-potter-ya-young-adult-se-hinton-jk-rowling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercado" class="citation web cs1">Mercado, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mspublishing.blogs.pace.edu/2017/06/28/harry-potter-20-years-later-how-harry-potter-saved-young-adult-fiction/">"Harry Potter 20 Years Later: How Harry Potter Saved Young Adult Fiction"</a>. Pace University. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Potter+20+Years+Later%3A+How+Harry+Potter+Saved+Young+Adult+Fiction&rft.pub=Pace+University&rft.aulast=Mercado&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmspublishing.blogs.pace.edu%2F2017%2F06%2F28%2Fharry-potter-20-years-later-how-harry-potter-saved-young-adult-fiction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonohue2007" class="citation web cs1">Donohue, Bill (29 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicleague.org/golden-compass-protest-ignites/">"'Golden Compass' Protest Ignites"</a>. Catholic League. Retrieved 14 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+League&rft.atitle=%27Golden+Compass%27+Protest+Ignites&rft.date=2007-11-29&rft.aulast=Donohue&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicleague.org%2Fgolden-compass-protest-ignites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-medal1995-70"><a href="#cite_ref-medal1995_70-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/livingarchive/title.php?id=63">(Carnegie Winner 1995)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113538/http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/livingarchive/title.php?id=63">Archived</a> 24 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Living Archive: Celebrating the Carnegie and Greenaway Winners. <a href="/wiki/CILIP" class="mw-redirect" title="CILIP">CILIP</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Victor Malo-Juvera, Crag Hill, "The Young Adult Canon : A Literary Solar System", in Critical Explorations of Young Adult Literature. London: Routledge, 2019, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706180808/https://www.education.com/reference/article/qualities-young-adult-literature/">"Qualities of Young Adult Literature | Education.com"</a>. www.education.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.education.com/reference/article/qualities-young-adult-literature/">the original</a> on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.education.com&rft.atitle=Qualities+of+Young+Adult+Literature+%7C+Education.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.com%2Freference%2Farticle%2Fqualities-young-adult-literature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisku" class="citation web cs1">Risku, Johanna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trepo.tuni.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/101928/GRADU-1504520036.pdf?sequence=1">""We Are All Adolescents Now" The Problematics of Categorizing Young Adult Fiction as a Genre"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22We+Are+All+Adolescents+Now%22+The+Problematics+of+Categorizing+Young+Adult+Fiction+as+a+Genre&rft.aulast=Risku&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrepo.tuni.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F101928%2FGRADU-1504520036.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.whsmith.co.uk/explore-the-themes-and-genres-of-young-adult-books/">"Explore the Themes and Genres of Young Adult Books"</a>. blog.whsmith.co.uk. 25 February 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.whsmith.co.uk&rft.atitle=Explore+the+Themes+and+Genres+of+Young+Adult+Books&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.whsmith.co.uk%2Fexplore-the-themes-and-genres-of-young-adult-books%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slj.com/2015/11/collection-development/focus-on-collection-development/ya-genre-blending-focus-on/">"YA Genre-Blending | Focus On | School Library Journal"</a>. www.slj.com. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.slj.com&rft.atitle=YA+Genre-Blending+%7C+Focus+On+%7C+School+Library+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slj.com%2F2015%2F11%2Fcollection-development%2Ffocus-on-collection-development%2Fya-genre-blending-focus-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/social-problem-novel">"Social problem novel | literature"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+problem+novel+%7C+literature&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fsocial-problem-novel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Mona Scheuermann, Social Protest in the Eighteenth-Century English Novel. (Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State State University Press, 1985). </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheuermann1985" class="citation book cs1">Scheuermann, Mona (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialprotestine00sche">Social Protest in the Eighteenth-Century English Novel</a>. Columbus, Ohio.: Ohio State State University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialprotestine00sche/page/231">231–241</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8142-0403-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8142-0403-1"><bdi>0-8142-0403-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Protest+in+the+Eighteenth-Century+English+Novel&rft.place=Columbus%2C+Ohio.&rft.pages=231-241&rft.pub=Ohio+State+State+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-8142-0403-1&rft.aulast=Scheuermann&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialprotestine00sche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallo1989" class="citation journal cs1">Gallo, Donald (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/H1420091656/GLS?sid=GLS&xid=3f289278.">"Problem Novels"</a>. Children's Literature Review. 142 – via Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Literature+Review&rft.atitle=Problem+Novels&rft.volume=142&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Gallo&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.galegroup.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FH1420091656%2FGLS%3Fsid%3DGLS%26xid%3D3f289278.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCart2016" class="citation journal cs1">Cart, Michael (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1099&context=slisconnecting">"Young Adult Literature: The State of a Restless Art"</a>. Youth Services. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Youth+Services&rft.atitle=Young+Adult+Literature%3A+The+State+of+a+Restless+Art&rft.volume=5&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Cart&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faquila.usm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D1099%26context%3Dslisconnecting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2005" class="citation journal cs1">Nichols, Kristen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=17165&context=rtd">"Teen pregnancy in young adult literature"</a>. Iowa State University Digital Repository.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iowa+State+University+Digital+Repository&rft.atitle=Teen+pregnancy+in+young+adult+literature&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.dr.iastate.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D17165%26context%3Drtd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2003" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Peter (2003). International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 383–392. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134879946" title="Special:BookSources/9781134879946"><bdi>9781134879946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Companion+Encyclopedia+of+Children%27s+Literature&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=383-392&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781134879946&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:24-83"><a href="#cite_ref-:24_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturmMichel2008" class="citation journal cs1">Sturm, Brian; Michel, Karin (Winter 2008). "The Structure of Power in Young Adult Problem Novels". Young Adult Library Services. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/217702509">217702509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Young+Adult+Library+Services&rft.atitle=The+Structure+of+Power+in+Young+Adult+Problem+Novels&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=7&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sturm&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Michel%2C+Karin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/shelf/show/problem-novels">"Popular Problem Novels Books"</a>. www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.goodreads.com&rft.atitle=Popular+Problem+Novels+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fshelf%2Fshow%2Fproblem-novels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Meek_Spencer" title="Margaret Meek Spencer">Margaret Meek</a>, "Boundary Books" London Review of Books. Vol. 2 No. 3 · 21 February 1980. Meek was co-editor of The Cool Web and a lecturer at the Institute of Education in London, England. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/childrens_literature_association_quarterly/v033/33.2.flynn.html">Richard Flynn, "Boundary Issues", Children's Literature Association Quarterly, Volume 33, Number 2, Summer 2008</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBackes,_Laura_Backes" class="citation news cs1">Backes, Laura Backes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020106161246/http://www.write4kids.com/feature6.html">"The Difference Between Middle School and Young Adult"</a>. Children's Book Insider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.write4kids.com/feature6.html">the original</a> on 6 January 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Book+Insider&rft.atitle=The+Difference+Between+Middle+School+and+Young+Adult&rft.au=Backes%2C+Laura+Backes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.write4kids.com%2Ffeature6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColumn2014" class="citation web cs1">Column, Guest (7 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.writersdigest.com/online-editor/the-key-differences-between-middle-grade-vs-young-adult">"The Key Differences Between Middle Grade vs Young Adult"</a>. Writer's Digest. Retrieved 16 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Writer%27s+Digest&rft.atitle=The+Key+Differences+Between+Middle+Grade+vs+Young+Adult&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.aulast=Column&rft.aufirst=Guest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.writersdigest.com%2Fonline-editor%2Fthe-key-differences-between-middle-grade-vs-young-adult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Beckett, Sandra L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossoverfiction0000beck/mode/2up">Crossover Fiction: Global and Historical Perspectives</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossoverfiction0000beck/page/110/mode/2up">111</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossoverfiction0000beck/page/118/mode/2up">119–126</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-New_adult_fiction_GC1-90"><a href="#cite_ref-New_adult_fiction_GC1_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJae-Jones" class="citation web cs1">Jae-Jones, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161209211749/http://sjaejones.com/blog/2009/st-martins-new-adult-contest/">"St. Martin's New Adult Contest"</a>. sjaejones.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sjaejones.com/blog/2009/st-martins-new-adult-contest/">the original</a> on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sjaejones.com&rft.atitle=St.+Martin%27s+New+Adult+Contest&rft.aulast=Jae-Jones&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsjaejones.com%2Fblog%2F2009%2Fst-martins-new-adult-contest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell2012" class="citation news cs1">Chappell, Briony (10 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/sep/10/new-adult-fiction">"Would you read novels aimed at 'new adults'?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130930133300/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/sep/10/new-adult-fiction">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Would+you+read+novels+aimed+at+%27new+adults%27%3F&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Briony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2012%2Fsep%2F10%2Fnew-adult-fiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonahue2013" class="citation news cs1">Donahue, Deirdre (15 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2013/04/15/new-adult-genre-is-the-hottest-category-in-book-publishing/2022707/">"New Adult fiction is the hot new category in books"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531183822/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2013/04/15/new-adult-genre-is-the-hottest-category-in-book-publishing/2022707/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=New+Adult+fiction+is+the+hot+new+category+in+books&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.aulast=Donahue&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fbooks%2F2013%2F04%2F15%2Fnew-adult-genre-is-the-hottest-category-in-book-publishing%2F2022707%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowison" class="citation web cs1">Howison, Del. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629155759/http://www.fearnet.com/news/interview/karl-alexander-interview-part-3">"Karl Alexander Interview Part 3"</a>. fearnet.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fearnet.com/news/interview/karl-alexander-interview-part-3">the original</a> on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fearnet.com&rft.atitle=Karl+Alexander+Interview+Part+3&rft.aulast=Howison&rft.aufirst=Del&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fearnet.com%2Fnews%2Finterview%2Fkarl-alexander-interview-part-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627200811/http://jezebel.com/5960942/new-adult-fiction-is-now-an-official-literary-genre-because-marketers-want-you-to-buy-things">"'New Adult' Fiction Is Now an Official Literary Genre Because Marketers Want Us to Buy Things"</a>. jezebel.com. 15 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jezebel.com/5960942/new-adult-fiction-is-now-an-official-literary-genre-because-marketers-want-you-to-buy-things">the original</a> on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jezebel.com&rft.atitle=%27New+Adult%27+Fiction+Is+Now+an+Official+Literary+Genre+Because+Marketers+Want+Us+to+Buy+Things&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjezebel.com%2F5960942%2Fnew-adult-fiction-is-now-an-official-literary-genre-because-marketers-want-you-to-buy-things&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeahlRosen2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Deahl, Rachel; Rosen, Judith (14 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publishing-and-marketing/article/55164-new-adult-needless-marketing-speak-or-valued-subgenre.html">"New Adult: Needless Marketing-Speak Or Valued Subgenre?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701115802/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publishing-and-marketing/article/55164-new-adult-needless-marketing-speak-or-valued-subgenre.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=New+Adult%3A+Needless+Marketing-Speak+Or+Valued+Subgenre%3F&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Rosen%2C+Judith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Findustry-news%2Fpublishing-and-marketing%2Farticle%2F55164-new-adult-needless-marketing-speak-or-valued-subgenre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_adult_fiction_nytimes.com-96"><a href="#cite_ref-New_adult_fiction_nytimes.com_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2012" class="citation news cs1">Kaufman, Leslie (21 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/22/books/young-adult-authors-add-steaminess-to-their-tales.html">"Beyond Wizards and Vampires, to Sex"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231031026/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/22/books/young-adult-authors-add-steaminess-to-their-tales.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Beyond+Wizards+and+Vampires%2C+to+Sex&rft.date=2012-12-21&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F12%2F22%2Fbooks%2Fyoung-adult-authors-add-steaminess-to-their-tales.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lansingstatejournal.com/article/20130420/THINGSTODO07/304200030/-New-Adult-books-growing-up">"'New Adult' books growing up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lansing_State_Journal" title="Lansing State Journal">Lansing State Journal</a>. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lansing+State+Journal&rft.atitle=%27New+Adult%27+books+growing+up&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lansingstatejournal.com%2Farticle%2F20130420%2FTHINGSTODO07%2F304200030%2F-New-Adult-books-growing-up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/emerging-adult-book-genre-puts-smut-fiction-bestseller/story?id=18550587">"Emerging 'New Adult' Book Genre Puts Smut Fiction on Bestseller Lists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017220904/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/emerging-adult-book-genre-puts-smut-fiction-bestseller/story?id=1855058">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Emerging+%27New+Adult%27+Book+Genre+Puts+Smut+Fiction+on+Bestseller+Lists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FEntertainment%2Femerging-adult-book-genre-puts-smut-fiction-bestseller%2Fstory%3Fid%3D18550587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2013" class="citation news cs1">Berman, Dr. Laura (17 February 2013) [15 January 2013]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528112705/http://www.suntimes.com/lifestyles/17501716-423/are-your-teens-ready-for-new-adult-fiction.html">"Are your teens ready for New Adult fiction?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suntimes.com/lifestyles/17501716-423/are-your-teens-ready-for-new-adult-fiction.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Are+your+teens+ready+for+New+Adult+fiction%3F&rft.date=2013-02-17&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suntimes.com%2Flifestyles%2F17501716-423%2Fare-your-teens-ready-for-new-adult-fiction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2013" class="citation news cs1">Lamb, Joyce (9 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814215235/http://happyeverafter.usatoday.com/2013/06/09/kendall-ryan-the-impact-of-you-new-adult/">"Sexy-romance author Kendall Ryan gives New Adult a try"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://happyeverafter.usatoday.com/2013/06/09/kendall-ryan-the-impact-of-you-new-adult/">the original</a> on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Sexy-romance+author+Kendall+Ryan+gives+New+Adult+a+try&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhappyeverafter.usatoday.com%2F2013%2F06%2F09%2Fkendall-ryan-the-impact-of-you-new-adult%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaley2019" class="citation web cs1">Haley (13 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fangirlfury.com/2019/05/13/new-adult-favorite-red-white-and-royal-blue-review/">"New Adult Favorite: Red, White and Royal Blue Review"</a>. fangirlfury.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216124439/https://fangirlfury.com/2019/05/13/new-adult-favorite-red-white-and-royal-blue-review/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fangirlfury.com&rft.atitle=New+Adult+Favorite%3A+Red%2C+White+and+Royal+Blue+Review&rft.date=2019-05-13&rft.au=Haley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffangirlfury.com%2F2019%2F05%2F13%2Fnew-adult-favorite-red-white-and-royal-blue-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHays2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hays, Alice (8 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15763%2Fissn.2376-5275.2016.2.1.53-86">"Using Young Adult (YA) Literature in a Classroom: How Does YA Literature Impact Writing Literacies"</a>. Study and Scrutiny: Research on Young Adult Literature. 2 (1): 53–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15763%2Fissn.2376-5275.2016.2.1.53-86">10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2016.2.1.53-86</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2376-5275">2376-5275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Study+and+Scrutiny%3A+Research+on+Young+Adult+Literature&rft.atitle=Using+Young+Adult+%28YA%29+Literature+in+a+Classroom%3A+How+Does+YA+Literature+Impact+Writing+Literacies&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53-86&rft.date=2016-07-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15763%2Fissn.2376-5275.2016.2.1.53-86&rft.issn=2376-5275&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15763%252Fissn.2376-5275.2016.2.1.53-86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_103-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstensonWadham2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ostenson, Jonathan; Wadham, Rachel (Fall 2012). "Young Adult Literature and the Common Core: A Surprisingly Good Fit". American Secondary Education. 41. Bowling Green: 4–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Secondary+Education&rft.atitle=Young+Adult+Literature+and+the+Common+Core%3A+A+Surprisingly+Good+Fit&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=4-13&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Ostenson&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Wadham%2C+Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_104-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherffGroenke2009" class="citation journal cs1">Scherff, Lisa; Groenke, Susan (April 2009). "Young Adult Literature in Today's Classroom". English Leadership Quarterly. 31: 1–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Leadership+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Young+Adult+Literature+in+Today%27s+Classroom&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=2009-04&rft.aulast=Scherff&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Groenke%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_105-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLycke2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lycke, Kara (Summer 2014). "Building a Culture of Readers: YA Literature and the Canon". SIGNAL Journal: 24–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SIGNAL+Journal&rft.atitle=Building+a+Culture+of+Readers%3A+YA+Literature+and+the+Canon&rft.ssn=summer&rft.pages=24-29&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Lycke&rft.aufirst=Kara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaffney2014" class="citation journal cs1">Gaffney, Loretta M. (2014). "No Longer Safe: West Bend, Young Adult Literature, and Conservative Library Activism". <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. 62: 730–739.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.atitle=No+Longer+Safe%3A+West+Bend%2C+Young+Adult+Literature%2C+and+Conservative+Library+Activism&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=730-739&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Loretta+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockrell2006" class="citation journal cs1">Cockrell, Amanda (February 2006). "Harry Potter and the witch hunters: a social context for the attacks on Harry Potter". The Journal of American Culture. 29 (6): 24–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1542-734X.2006.00272.x">10.1111/j.1542-734X.2006.00272.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Culture&rft.atitle=Harry+Potter+and+the+witch+hunters%3A+a+social+context+for+the+attacks+on+Harry+Potter&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=24-30&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1542-734X.2006.00272.x&rft.aulast=Cockrell&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071230201312/http://www.ala.org/ala/alonline/currentnews/newsarchive/2000/january2000/harrypottertops.cfm">"Harry Potter Tops ALA's Most-Challenged Books List"</a>. American Library Association. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/ala/alonline/currentnews/newsarchive/2000/january2000/harrypottertops.cfm">the original</a> on 30 December 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Library+Association&rft.atitle=Harry+Potter+Tops+ALA%27s+Most-Challenged+Books+List&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fala%2Falonline%2Fcurrentnews%2Fnewsarchive%2F2000%2Fjanuary2000%2Fharrypottertops.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverstreet2006" class="citation news cs1">Overstreet, Jeffrey (20 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070318111620/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/reviews/hisdarkmaterials.html">"Reviews:His Dark Materials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/reviews/hisdarkmaterials.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christianity+Today&rft.atitle=Reviews%3AHis+Dark+Materials&rft.date=2006-02-20&rft.aulast=Overstreet&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fmovies%2Freviews%2Fhisdarkmaterials.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2006" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070806071023/http://www.librarianscf.org.uk/bookshelf/opinion/houghton.html">"Opinion"</a>. Librarians' Christian Fellowship. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.librarianscf.org.uk/bookshelf/opinion/houghton.html">the original</a> on 6 August 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Librarians%27+Christian+Fellowship&rft.atitle=Opinion&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.librarianscf.org.uk%2Fbookshelf%2Fopinion%2Fhoughton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedictus2019" class="citation web cs1">Benedictus, Leo (15 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jun/15/torn-apart-the-vicious-war-over-young-adult-books">"Torn apart: the vicious war over young adult books"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 22 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Torn+apart%3A+the+vicious+war+over+young+adult+books&rft.date=2019-06-15&rft.aulast=Benedictus&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2019%2Fjun%2F15%2Ftorn-apart-the-vicious-war-over-young-adult-books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2018" class="citation web cs1">Flood, Alison (27 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/27/dire-statistics-show-ya-fiction-becoming-less-diverse-warns-report">"'Dire statistics' show YA fiction is becoming less diverse, warns report"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Dire+statistics%27+show+YA+fiction+is+becoming+less+diverse%2C+warns+report&rft.date=2018-07-27&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2018%2Fjul%2F27%2Fdire-statistics-show-ya-fiction-becoming-less-diverse-warns-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramdarshan_Bold,_M-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramdarshan_Bold,_M_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramdarshan_Bold,_M_113-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamdarshan_Bold2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ramdarshan Bold, Melanie (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12109-018-9600-5">"The Eight Percent Problem: Authors of Colour in the British Young Adult Market (2006–2016)"</a>. Publishing Research Quarterly. 34 (3): 385–406. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12109-018-9600-5">10.1007/s12109-018-9600-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publishing+Research+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Eight+Percent+Problem%3A+Authors+of+Colour+in+the+British+Young+Adult+Market+%282006%E2%80%932016%29&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=385-406&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12109-018-9600-5&rft.aulast=Ramdarshan+Bold&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs12109-018-9600-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccbc_table-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ccbc_table_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ccbc_table_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823013426/https://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/books/pcstats.asp">"Children's Books by and About People of Color"</a>. ccbc.education.wisc.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/books/pcstats.asp">the original</a> on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ccbc.education.wisc.edu&rft.atitle=Children%27s+Books+by+and+About+People+of+Color&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccbc.education.wisc.edu%2Fbooks%2Fpcstats.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinezKossJohnson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Martinez, Miriam; Koss, Melanie D.; Johnson, Nancy J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44001401">"Meeting Characters in Caldecotts: What Does This Mean for Today's Readers?"</a>. The Reading Teacher. 70 (1): 19–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ftrtr.1464">10.1002/trtr.1464</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-0561">0034-0561</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44001401">44001401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Reading+Teacher&rft.atitle=Meeting+Characters+in+Caldecotts%3A+What+Does+This+Mean+for+Today%27s+Readers%3F&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-28&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=0034-0561&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44001401%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Ftrtr.1464&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft.au=Koss%2C+Melanie+D.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Nancy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44001401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles2018" class="citation news cs1">Charles, Ron (3 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/we-need-diverse-books-they-said-and-now-a-groups-dream-is-coming-to-fruition/2017/01/03/af7f9368-d152-11e6-a783-cd3fa950f2fd_story.html">"'We need diverse books,' they said. And now a group's dream is coming to fruition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 4 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27We+need+diverse+books%2C%27+they+said.+And+now+a+group%27s+dream+is+coming+to+fruition.&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fwe-need-diverse-books-they-said-and-now-a-groups-dream-is-coming-to-fruition%2F2017%2F01%2F03%2Faf7f9368-d152-11e6-a783-cd3fa950f2fd_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Zipes, J. (2002). Sticks and Stones: The Troublesome Success of Children's Literature from Slovenly Peter to Harry Potter. p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowe2001" class="citation journal cs1">Crowe, Chris (January 2001). "Young Adult Literature: The Problem with YA Literature". <a href="/wiki/The_English_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The English Journal">The English Journal</a>. 90 (3): 146–150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F821338">10.2307/821338</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/821338">821338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Journal&rft.atitle=Young+Adult+Literature%3A+The+Problem+with+YA+Literature&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=146-150&rft.date=2001-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F821338&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F821338%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Crowe&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+adult+literature" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cited_references">Cited references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cited references">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Cart, Michael (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromromancetorea00cart/mode/2up">From Romance to Realism: 50 Years of Growth and Change in Young Adult Literature</a>. New York: HarperCollins</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Young_adult_fiction" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Young adult fiction">Young adult fiction</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Young adult literature <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=young+adult+fiction">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=young+adult+fiction&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpl.bibliocommons.com/list/share/100083751/708407197">"Banned Books for Teen Readers", Boston Public Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/childrens_sf">Children's science fiction. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ala.org/yalsa/aboutyalsa">Young Adults Library Services Association</a> (YALSA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://booklists.yalsa.net">YALSA Bookfinder</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1233720#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028911-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85149268">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph572593&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1210889&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531985205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&oldid=1257457545">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&oldid=1257457545</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Young_adult_fiction" title="Category:Young adult fiction">Young adult fiction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Young_adult_literature" title="Category:Young adult literature">Young adult literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_by_genre" title="Category:Fiction by genre">Fiction by genre</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_login_required_references_or_sources" title="Category:Pages with login required references or sources">Pages with login required references or sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2024">Articles with dead external links from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_May_2023" title="Category:Use American English from May 2023">Use American English from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2022">Use dmy dates from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2023">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from March 2021">Articles with failed verification from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 00:09 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_adult_literature&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-szlwd","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.274","walltime":"1.501","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7253,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":199348,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8516,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":354299,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1363.413 1 -total"," 57.07% 778.058 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.32% 168.038 18 Template:Cite_news"," 12.17% 165.930 17 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.42% 155.721 33 Template:Cite_web"," 7.99% 108.986 19 Template:Cite_book"," 7.04% 95.946 1 Template:Excerpt"," 5.94% 80.929 1 Template:Authority_control"," 5.80% 79.049 2 Template:Side_box"," 5.47% 74.631 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.861","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9324594,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBackes,_Laura_Backes\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenedictus2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlakemore2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCart2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCart2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasey2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharles2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockrell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColumn2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowe2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonohue2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunkle2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunning1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEschner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsmonde1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlood2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaffney2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallo1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarland1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillis2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrady2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHays2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonesGladstone1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFL\u0026#039;Engle1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFL\u0026#039;Unji2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaurel_BrakeMarysa_Demoor2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLecercle1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLycke2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinezKossJohnson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCrum2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMercado\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstensonWadham2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOverstreet2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOwen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParrish1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilip1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPower2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPullmanGaimanCooperNix2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamdarshan_Bold2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandall2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRisku\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_Louis_StevensonSutherland2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScherffGroenke2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScheuermann1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShavit2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSturmMichel2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSusina2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompsonGarner1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWells2003\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 29,\n [\"Cmn\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Who\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-zzkzm","timestamp":"20241125135350","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Young adult literature","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Young_adult_literature","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1233720","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1233720","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-11T20:38:31Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T00:09:08Z","headline":"literature written for adolescents and young adults"}</script> </body> </html>