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href="#Return_to_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Return to Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breach_of_the_consensual_order_and_war_with_Cologne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breach_of_the_consensual_order_and_war_with_Cologne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Breach of the consensual order and war with Cologne </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breach_of_the_consensual_order_and_war_with_Cologne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_to_Matilda_of_England_(1110)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_to_Matilda_of_England_(1110)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Marriage to Matilda of England (1110) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_to_Matilda_of_England_(1110)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Italian_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Italian_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Second Italian expedition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Italian_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concordat_of_Worms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concordat_of_Worms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Concordat of Worms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concordat_of_Worms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failed_campaign_in_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_campaign_in_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 Failed campaign in France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_campaign_in_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Death and succession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judgement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judgement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Judgement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judgement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" > 50 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_(%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3)" title="هنري الخامس (إمبراطور روماني مقدس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنري الخامس (إمبراطور روماني مقدس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_5-s%C3%A8" title="Heinrich 5-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Heinrich 5-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_V_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96)" title="Генрых V (імператар Свяшчэннай Рымскай імперыі) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генрых V (імператар Свяшчэннай Рымскай імперыі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_V_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хайнрих V (Свещена Римска империя) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хайнрих V (Свещена Римска империя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_V,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Henrik V, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Henrik V, car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enric_V_del_Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Enric V del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enric V del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jind%C5%99ich_V._S%C3%A1lsk%C3%BD" title="Jindřich V. Sálský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jindřich V. Sálský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_5._(Tysk-romerske_rige)" title="Henrik 5. (Tysk-romerske rige) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henrik 5. (Tysk-romerske rige)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_V._(HRR)" title="Heinrich V. (HRR) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heinrich V. (HRR)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_V_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Heinrich V (Saksa-Rooma keiser) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heinrich V (Saksa-Rooma keiser)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ερρίκος Ε΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ερρίκος Ε΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_V_del_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Germ%C3%A1nico" title="Enrique V del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enrique V del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriko_la_5-a_(Sankta_Romia_Imperio)" title="Henriko la 5-a (Sankta Romia Imperio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henriko la 5-a (Sankta Romia Imperio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrike_V.a_Germaniakoa" title="Henrike V.a Germaniakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henrike V.a Germaniakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85" title="هاینریش پنجم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاینریش پنجم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_V_(empereur_du_Saint-Empire)" title="Henri V (empereur du Saint-Empire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henri V (empereur du Saint-Empire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_V,_emperador_do_Sacro_Imperio_Romano_Xerm%C3%A1nico" title="Henrique V, emperador do Sacro Imperio Romano Xermánico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henrique V, emperador do Sacro Imperio Romano Xermánico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_5%EC%84%B8" title="하인리히 5세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하인리히 5세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_V.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" title="Henrik V., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Henrik V., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_V,_Kaisar_Romawi_Suci" title="Heinrich V, Kaisar Romawi Suci – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Heinrich V, Kaisar Romawi Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_V_di_Franconia" title="Enrico V di Franconia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enrico V di Franconia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="היינריך החמישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היינריך החמישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_V_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="ჰაინრიხ V (სრი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაინრიხ V (სრი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_V_(imperator)" title="Henricus V (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus V (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrihs_V_Salietis" title="Heinrihs V Salietis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Heinrihs V Salietis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Henrikas_V" title="Imperatorius Henrikas V – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Henrikas V" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._Henrik_n%C3%A9met-r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="V. Henrik német-római császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="V. Henrik német-római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_V_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="ჰაინრიხ V (საღორონთო რომიშ იმპერატორი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰაინრიხ V (საღორონთო რომიშ იმპერატორი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3" title="هنري الخامس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنري الخامس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizer_Hendrik_V" title="Keizer Hendrik V – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizer Hendrik V" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%925%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="ハインリヒ5世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハインリヒ5世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_V_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Henrik V av Det tysk-romerske rike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henrik V av Det tysk-romerske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_V_Salicki" title="Henryk V Salicki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henryk V Salicki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_V_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico" title="Henrique V do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Henrique V do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henric_al_V-lea_al_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Imperiu_Roman" title="Henric al V-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Henric al V-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_V_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Генрих V (император Священной Римской империи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генрих V (император Священной Римской империи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V,_Haly_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Haly Roman Emperor – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Henry V, Haly Roman Emperor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrich_V._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Henrich V. (Svätá rímska ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Henrich V. (Svätá rímska ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_V._Nem%C5%A1ki" title="Henrik V. Nemški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Henrik V. Nemški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_V,_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хајнрих V, цар Светог римског царства – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хајнрих V, цар Светог римског царства" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_V,_svetorimski_car" title="Heinrich V, svetorimski car – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Heinrich V, svetorimski car" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_V_(Saksa)" title="Henrik V (Saksa) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henrik V (Saksa)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_V_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Henrik V (tysk-romersk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henrik V (tysk-romersk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรพรรดิไฮน์ริชที่ 5 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิไฮน์ริชที่ 5 แห่งจักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._Heinrich_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="V. Heinrich (Kutsal Roma imparatoru) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="V. Heinrich (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_V_(%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Генріх V (імператор Священної Римської імперії) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генріх V (імператор Священної Римської імперії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81" title="ہنری پنجم، مقدس رومی شہنشاہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہنری پنجم، مقدس رومی شہنشاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_V_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_La_M%C3%A3" title="Heinrich V của Thánh chế La Mã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Heinrich V của Thánh chế La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_V_(HRR)" title="Hendrik V (HRR) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hendrik V 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Henry V</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_V._Evangeliar_aus_St._Emmeram.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Heinrich_V._Evangeliar_aus_St._Emmeram.JPG/220px-Heinrich_V._Evangeliar_aus_St._Emmeram.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Heinrich_V._Evangeliar_aus_St._Emmeram.JPG/330px-Heinrich_V._Evangeliar_aus_St._Emmeram.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Heinrich_V._Evangeliar_aus_St._Emmeram.JPG/440px-Heinrich_V._Evangeliar_aus_St._Emmeram.JPG 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="944" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Henry V depicted in a contemporary <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">13 April 1111 – 23 May 1125</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13 April 1111</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> (Formally <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1099 – 23 May 1125</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1098 – 23 May 1125</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 11 August 1081/11 August 1086 <a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxony</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 May 1125 (aged 38 or 43) <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral" title="Speyer Cathedral">Speyer Cathedral</a> (body) <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Martin,_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht">Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht</a> (heart and bowels)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Matilda of England">Matilda of England</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1110)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salian_dynasty" title="Salian dynasty">Salian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Savoy" title="Bertha of Savoy">Bertha of Savoy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Henry V (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Heinrich V.; probably 11 August 1081 or 1086<a href="#cite_note-Kleinhenz2004-1">[1]</a> – 23 May 1125) was <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> (from 1099 to 1125) and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> (from 1111 to 1125), as the fourth and last ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Salian" class="mw-redirect" title="Salian">Salian</a> dynasty. He was made co-ruler by his father, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a>, in 1098. In Emperor Henry IV's conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Holy Roman Empire">imperial princes</a> and the struggle against the reform papacy during the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a>, young Henry V allied himself with the opponents of his father. He forced Henry IV to abdicate on 31 December 1105 and ruled for five years in compliance with the imperial princes. He tried, unsuccessfully, to withdraw the <a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">regalia</a> from the bishops. Then in order to at least preserve the previous right to invest, he captured <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> and forced him to perform his imperial <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> in 1111. Once crowned emperor, Henry departed from joint rule with the princes and resorted to earlier Salian <a href="/wiki/Autocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocratic">autocratic</a> rule. After he had failed to increase control over the church, the princes in Saxony and on the Middle and Lower Rhine, in 1121 the imperial princes forced Henry V to consent with the papacy. He surrendered to the demands of the second generation of <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian reform">Gregorian reformers</a>, and in 1122 he and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_II" title="Pope Callixtus II">Pope Callixtus II</a> ended the Investiture Controversy in the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_Worms" title="Concordat of Worms">Concordat of Worms</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_crisis">Imperial crisis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Imperial crisis">edit</a>]</div> Henry V was probably born on 11 August in 1081 or 1086.<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> However, only the date of his <a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">accolade</a> (Schwertleite) at Easter 1101 can be confirmed. This ceremony usually took place at the age of 15.<a href="#cite_note-Kleinhenz2004-1">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Three children of Henry IV and his wife <a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Savoy" title="Bertha of Savoy">Bertha of Savoy</a> (died in 1087), Henry and his two older siblings, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Waiblingen" title="Agnes of Waiblingen">Agnes</a>, survived childhood; two other siblings had died early. Henry seems to have spent the first years of his life primarily in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>. His mentor was <a href="/wiki/Conrad_(bishop_of_Utrecht)" title="Conrad (bishop of Utrecht)">Conrad</a> Bishop of Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-Weinfurter2006-3">[2]</a> At the time of Henry's birth, his father, emperor Henry IV, had already been engaged in many years of drawn out conflicts with the pope, the imperial bishops, and secular princes for the preservation of his rule. Henry IV had never paid much attention to the advice, or the rights and privileges of the landed nobility.<a href="#cite_note-unhe-4">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxony</a>, as the centre of resistance, was joined by the southern duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthia</a>. These southern duchies again sought the support of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Pope Gregory VII</a>, the chief advocate of church reform ideas. Gregory's central demand was that the emperor must refrain from investing abbots and bishops, a practice that had been essential for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Church_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Church System">Imperial Church System</a> since Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I">Otto I</a>. Gregory VII <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicated</a> Henry IV in 1077. By <a href="/wiki/Road_to_Canossa" title="Road to Canossa">repenting at Canossa</a>, Henry managed to get absolved. In 1080 and 1094, however, Henry IV was excommunicated again. In 1102, the church ban was again declared over him and his party, including his son, Henry V. The conflict divided the empire from the church.<a href="#cite_note-Weinfurter2006-3">[2]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Henry IV therefore sought to strengthen his influence in the south. His daughter, Agnes, was engaged to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick I, Duke of Swabia">Friedrich</a>, who in 1079 obtained the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Duchy of Swabia</a>. The emperor also sought to secure his royal succession. Henry IV chose his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad</a>, to be his heir and arranged to have Conrad crowned king in Aachen in 1087. After Conrad defected to the Church Reform Party in Italy in 1093, his royalty and inheritance were revoked at a court in Mainz and transferred to his younger brother, Henry V, in May 1098. The latter had to take an oath never to rule over the father. On 6 January 1099, Henry V was crowned king in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, where he was required to repeat the oath. His brother, Conrad, died in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> on 27 July 1101. The continued existence of the Salian dynasty now depended on Henry V, the only living son of the emperor. The co-regency of son and father proceeded without obvious problems for six years. Contrary to previous ruling sons, Henry V was not involved in government affairs. His father's policies proceeded to be extremely cautious after the death of his older son, Conrad.<a href="#cite_note-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-rege-6">[5]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assumption_of_power">Assumption of power</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Assumption of power">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gef%C3%A4ngnis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gef%C3%A4ngnis.jpg/220px-Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gef%C3%A4ngnis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gef%C3%A4ngnis.jpg/330px-Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gef%C3%A4ngnis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gef%C3%A4ngnis.jpg/440px-Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gef%C3%A4ngnis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption>Emperor Henry V visits his father Henry IV in prison.</figcaption></figure> The causes and motives that led to the deposition of Henry IV by his son remain debated among modern researchers. Stefan Weinfurter argues that religious reform motives and the corrosive influence of a group of young Bavarian counts – <a href="/wiki/Diepold_III,_Margrave_of_Vohburg" title="Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg">Margrave Diepold III von Vohburg</a>, Count <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Sulzbach" title="Berengar II of Sulzbach">Berengar II of Sulzbach</a> and Count Otto von Habsburg-Kastl – are the primary causes. These nobles succeeded in convincing the young Henry V of his father's lost cause and the eventual triumph of reform. If he did not act and waited until his father died, someone else would attempt to ascend the throne and would find many supporters. Out of concern for his salvation, Henry then abandoned his father and joined the "salvation community" of the young Bavarians.<a href="#cite_note-rege-6">[5]</a> Another line of research supports the theory that the murder of Sieghard of Burghausen in February 1104 by <a href="/wiki/Ministerialis" title="Ministerialis">ministerials</a> and citizens of Regensburg was the trigger for the overthrow of Henry IV. According to Burghausen's relatives and other nobles, the emperor had failed to punish the perpetrators appropriately, proving that Henry IV viewed aristocrats with disdain. Henry V had attempted in vain to mediate an amicable settlement between Burghausen and the ministerials in the dispute that led to the murder, and he also would have had a reason to resent his father's inaction. A flaw in this theory is that there was a very long time lag between the murder of Burghausen and when Henry V turned his back on his father.<a href="#cite_note-rege-6">[5]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-Stürner2019-7">[6]</a> In November 1104, Henry V joined his father's army on a punitive expedition against Saxon Reformers who had opposed the election of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Magdeburg" title="Archbishopric of Magdeburg">Archbishop of Magdeburg</a>. On 12 December 1104, Henry V broke away from his father, thereby breaking the oath of allegiance to the ruling king. Henry V made his way to Regensburg, where he celebrated Christmas with his followers. While there, his father's enemies sought to convince him to revolt. Henry considered their arguments, but he was restrained by the oath he had taken to take no part in the business of the Empire during his father's lifetime. At the turn of the year 1104/05, he sent messengers to Rome to seek absolution from his loyalty oath by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Kleinhenz,_pg._492-8">[7]</a> The Pope promised Henry V, on condition that Henry be a righteous king and a promoter of the Church, not only absolution from the sin of breaking this oath, but also support in the struggle against his father.<a href="#cite_note-unhe-4">[3]</a> Between 1105 and 1106, supporters of Henry IV and Henry V each disseminated arguments in letters and historiographic texts in order to build support among the people of the empire, while father and son each accused the other of disregard for the divine and earthly orders. Henry V began to strengthen his ties with Saxony, where the opposition against his father was particularly strong due in part to his absence from the duchy since 1089. In the spring of 1105, Henry V stayed in Saxony for two months and showed his willingness to work with the church on the basis of Gregorian ideas by removing the bishops, Friedrich von Halberstadt, Udo von Hildesheim, and Henry von Paderborn, who had been appointed by his father. In <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Quedlinburg</a>, he entered the town barefoot on Palm Sunday, thus demonstrating his humility (humilitas), an elementary Christian virtue of rulers. His stay concluded with the celebration of the Pentecost festival in <a href="/wiki/Merseburg" title="Merseburg">Merseburg</a> and the confirmation of the Magdeburg <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unhe-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kleinhenz,_pg._492-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Henry V promised the hand of his sister, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Waiblingen" title="Agnes of Waiblingen">Agnes</a>, in marriage to the Babenberger, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Margrave of Austria">Leopold III</a>, thereby convincing Leopold to abandon his father's party. At the end of October 1105, Henry V arrived at <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, the centre of Salian rule. Here he installed Gebhard, a fervent opponent of his father, as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Speyer" title="Bishop of Speyer">Bishop</a>. In the fall of 1105, the armies of father and son faced each other at the <a href="/wiki/Regen_(river)" title="Regen (river)">Regen</a> river. However, a battle was prevented by the princes of both sides who wished to find a peaceful solution. At Christmas 1105, an agreement was to be reached at a <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">diet</a> in Mainz.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson2003-11">[10]</a> Henry IV advanced to <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> for the announced diet. According to the Vita Heinrici IV On 20 December 1105 in <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a> Henry V "fell around his father's neck", "shed tears and kissed him" – public expressions of reconciliation that were morally binding during the 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Henry IV then disbanded and released his army as father and son left for the diet in Mainz on 21 December. On 23 December in <a href="/wiki/Bingen_am_Rhein" title="Bingen am Rhein">Bingen</a>, Henry persuaded his father to retreat to a castle for his own protection, as Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ruthard_of_Mainz" title="Ruthard of Mainz">Ruthard of Mainz</a> would refuse to let him into the city. Henry agreed and was led to <a href="/wiki/Schlo%C3%9Fb%C3%B6ckelheim" title="Schloßböckelheim">Böckelheim Castle</a>, the property of Bishop Gebhard, not for his protection, but for custody. Henry was thrown into the dungeon and was held there "unwashed and unshaven and deprived of any service" over Christmas. At the Reichstag in Mainz, Henry prompted his father to hand over the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Regalia" title="Imperial Regalia">imperial insignia</a> (crown, scepter, imperial cross, holy lance and imperial sword). Henry IV then was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Palace_Ingelheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Palace Ingelheim">Ingelheim</a> where he personally was to hand over the imperial insignia and was forced to abdicate on 31 December 1105. Henry V subsequently spread the narrative in which his father had ceded the insignia and his rule to him voluntarily. This distortion of the events implied his strong desire to feign dynastic continuity.<a href="#cite_note-Weinfurter2006-3">[2]</a> On 5 or 6 January 1106, more than fifty imperial princes were present when Henry V was anointed and crowned king. Ruthard, Archbishop of Mainz, presented the imperial insignia with the cautionary words: "If he does not prove to be a just leader of the empire and a defender of the church, he will end like his father."<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The beginning of his reign was marked by a lengthy time of unusual harmony between the king and the princes. Unlike his Salian predecessors, Henry V would count his reign only from the day on which he received the imperial insignia and was chosen for royal duty by the election of the princes. The reference to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary">Saint Mary</a> and the divine mandate was no longer the legitimate basis for Salian rule.<a href="#cite_note-Hartmann2010-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-jut-15">[14]</a> However, Henry IV escaped from prison in Ingelheim and fled to <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>. His son feared a reversal of the balance of power and summoned a Reichstag for Easter 1106. Henry IV had already begun to organize resistance against his son, but suddenly died on 7 August 1106 in Liège, where he received an honorable funeral.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The princes opposed a funeral in Speyer, but Henry V overruled this decision. On 24 August, he had his father's body dug up and transferred to Speyer, since in Liège some form of veneration of the deceased as a saint was about to begin. The re-burial at the Speyer crypta would imply continuity and help stabilize the position of the rebel son, who could present himself as a legitimate force of conservation and progress. On 3 September 1106 the body was once again temporarily buried in a still unconsecrated chapel north of Speyer cathedral. An appropriate funeral among his ancestors was only admissible and indeed performed in 1111 after the abolishment of Henry IV's pending excommunication.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Period_of_consensual_rule">Period of consensual rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Period of consensual rule">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lothar3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lothar3.png/230px-Lothar3.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lothar3.png/345px-Lothar3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lothar3.png/460px-Lothar3.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair of Supplinburg</a> who had supported Henry during his struggle with his father. Henry rewarded him generously with the land and title of the Duchy of Saxony as <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>, the basis for his ascent as Henry's royal and imperial successor</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atrium_of_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Atrium_of_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio.jpg/230px-Atrium_of_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Atrium_of_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio.jpg/345px-Atrium_of_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Atrium_of_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio.jpg/460px-Atrium_of_the_Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Atrium of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio" title="Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio">Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, where resentments against Imperial rule repeatedly culminated in armed conflicts</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PsiePole_MBielski.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PsiePole_MBielski.png/230px-PsiePole_MBielski.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PsiePole_MBielski.png/345px-PsiePole_MBielski.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PsiePole_MBielski.png/460px-PsiePole_MBielski.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hundsfeld" title="Battle of Hundsfeld">Battle of Hundsfeld</a> near modern <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, Duke <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth" title="Bolesław III Wrymouth">Bolesław III</a> confronts and triumphs over emperor Henry V, who is forced to withdraw from Poland, 24 August 1109</figcaption></figure> In spring 1106, while Henry reflects on his father's mistakes, he remarked that "disregard for the princes was the downfall of the empire." Thus, the following years of his reign were characterized by greater shared responsibilities of the princes and the sanctioning of church reforms. Documents and annals prove the consensual practice of his rule.<a href="#cite_note-dend-18">[17]</a> Records of princes and nobles in royal documents, who actively take part in government affairs, increased. In several documents Henry would state that he had carried out his actions "with the judgment and advice of the princes". In order to find greater consent with the nobility he would summon <a href="/wiki/Hoftag" title="Hoftag">diets (Hoftage)</a>. The princes' participation in great numbers at the diets and the strong increase in chroniclers' reports confirm the new sense of responsibility among the king's vassals for the empire. Henry V reinstalled the bishops who had been banned from entering their <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">bishoprics</a> under his father. Negotiations with the Pope now took place among representatives of the clerics and secular princes. Bishop Eberhard von Eichstätt (until his early death in 1112), Count Berengar II of Sulzbach and Count Palatine Gottfried of Calw were particularly close to the young king and are most frequently mentioned by the worldly nobles in the royal documents. Additionally, the archbishops Friedrich of Cologne and <a href="/wiki/Bruno_(archbishop_of_Trier)" title="Bruno (archbishop of Trier)">Bruno von Trier</a>, the bishops Burchhard von Münster, Otto von Bamberg and Erlung von Würzburg and Count Hermann von Winzenburg were named remarkably often in official documents. From 1108 the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Staufer</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Duke Friedrich II</a> and from 1111 Margrave <a href="/wiki/Herman_II,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Herman II, Margrave of Baden">Hermann von Baden</a> would frequently appear in the records.<a href="#cite_note-dend-18">[17]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Thanks to the consensual cooperation between the lords and the king, Henry was the first Salian ruler, who had managed to acquire unhindered access to all parts of the empire after a long time and thus able to successfully intervene in political affairs in both the western and eastern imperial estates. Henry visited Saxony several times until 1112, as his relationship with the Saxons was stable during the next years.<a href="#cite_note-mart-19">[18]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] After the 1106 death of the last member of the Saxon Billung family line <a href="/wiki/Magnus,_Duke_of_Saxony" title="Magnus, Duke of Saxony">Duke Magnus</a>, Henry did not confer the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a> to either of the two sons-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IX,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria">Henry the Black</a> or <a href="/wiki/Otto,_Count_of_Ballenstedt" title="Otto, Count of Ballenstedt">Otto of Ballenstedt</a>, but to <a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothar of Supplinburg</a>, as reward for Lothar's support during the 1104/05 disempowerment of Henry IV. This act was enforced upon the legal body of the duchy against traditional habits of dynastic inheritance.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In 1107, Henry campaigned to restore <a href="/wiki/Borivoi_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Borivoi II">Borivoi II</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, which was only partially successful. Henry summoned <a href="/wiki/Svatopluk_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Svatopluk of Bohemia">Svatopluk the Lion</a>, who had captured Duke Borivoi.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Borivoi was released at the emperor's command and appointed godfather to Svatopluk's new son. Nevertheless, on Svatopluk's return to Bohemia, he assumed the throne. In 1108, Henry went to war with <a href="/wiki/Coloman_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloman of Hungary">Coloman of Hungary</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Prince_%C3%81lmos" title="Prince Álmos">Prince Álmos</a>. An attack by <a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_III_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Boleslaus III of Poland">Boleslaus III of Poland</a> and Borivoi on Svatopluk forced Henry to give up his campaign. Instead, he invaded <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> to compel them to renew their accustomed tribute but was again defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hundsfeld" title="Battle of Hundsfeld">Battle of Hundsfeld</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> In 1110, he succeeded in securing the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Duchy of Bohemia</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Ladislaus I</a>. Imperial rule had eroded in Italy after the demise of Henry IV. For fifteen years, from October 1095 to October 1110, neither Henry IV nor Henry V had issued a single document for the Italian administration. Consequently, Italian officials saw no reason to travel to the northern part of the empire and obtain their royal documents. Under Henry V opposition to Salian rule reached its climax in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Milan" title="Metropolitan City of Milan">Milan metropolis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HerbersJohrendt2009-24">[23]</a> Henry V. continued the practice of investiture with ring and staff (per anulum et baculum) and was able to maintain a working relationship with the clerical princes.<a href="#cite_note-jut-15">[14]</a> Next to the staff, the ring became the symbol, that epitomized the marriage of the bishop to his church. This practice had only been introduced by emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a>, yet became one of the causes for Henry IV's conflict with the Pope.<a href="#cite_note-Boshof2008-25">[24]</a> In Mainz on 7 January 1106 <a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Salzburg" title="Conrad I of Salzburg">Conrad I</a> was invested with ring and staff as the new <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Salzburg">Archbishop of Salzburg</a>. In 1107, the Salians occupied the bishoprics of Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Speyer and Verdun with the expressed participation of and approval by the princes. The court chapel, the cathedral schools and the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_chapter" title="Cathedral chapter">diocesan chapters</a> of Speyer, Bamberg or Liège had lost all relevance for the Episcopal Consecration, but family ties to the high nobility. Upon the selection of the bishops, the king only sought the consent of an exclusive circle of a few noble families. These families in turn only campaigned for candidates among their own ranks, who might become important in the future expansion of their respective territories. This practice effectively promoted a clerical office, that was attainable via a hereditary selection process.<a href="#cite_note-mart-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-MoellerJahn2011-26">[25]</a> Henry's indicative bishop investiture with ring and staff did not help to solve the conflict with the papacy. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> eventually demanded Henry's complete renunciation of the investiture of clerics. However, the king and the bishops collaborated further as the Pope proved incapable to suppress these practices. Attempts to come to any form of agreement on the question of the investiture failed in 1106 at the Synod of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Piacenza-Bobbio" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Piacenza-Bobbio">Guastalla</a> and 1107 in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ch%C3%A2lons" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Châlons">Châlons-en-Champagne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mart-19">[18]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-Robinson1990-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Italian_expedition">First Italian expedition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First Italian expedition">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MatWElf_Villani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/MatWElf_Villani.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="361" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Welf_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Welf II, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Welf II of Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a> were married from 1089 to 1095.</figcaption></figure> Henry's primary concern during his reign was the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a>, which had caused serious setbacks for the empire during the previous imperial tenure. The papal party who had supported Henry in his resistance to his father hoped he would endorse the papal decrees, which had been renewed by <a href="/wiki/Paschal_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal II">Paschal II</a> at the synod of <a href="/wiki/Guastalla" title="Guastalla">Guastalla</a> in 1106. The king, however, continued to invest the bishops, but wished the pope to hold a council in Germany to settle the question. After some hesitation, Paschal preferred <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to Germany, and, after holding a council at <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> renewed his prohibition of lay investiture. The matter slumbered until 1110, when, negotiations between king and pope having failed, Paschal renewed his decrees. At a <a href="/wiki/Hoftag" title="Hoftag">Hoftag</a> in August 1110 concrete plans were made for a march on Rome and arrangements to bring about an honorable end to the investiture dispute. The army chose the shortest route via the <a href="/wiki/Great_St_Bernard_Pass" title="Great St Bernard Pass">Great St Bernard Pass</a>, reached <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, then moved to Florence, arrived at <a href="/wiki/Sutri" title="Sutri">Sutri</a> in February 1111 and from there proceeded towards Rome. Henry was imbued with ideas of an epochal event upon his departure for Italy.<a href="#cite_note-wei175-29">[28]</a> He signalled preparedness as he ordered a new royal seal to be made. <a href="/wiki/Welf_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Welf II, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Welf II of Bavaria</a> commanded a second column that entered Italy from the southeast of the empire and had orders to rendez-vous with the main contingent near Roncaglia. This impressive display of integrity proved that even the clans that had opposed and violently fought Henry's father were now on the Salian side. Welf's presence was particularly important for Henry as he had been married to <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a> from 1089 to 1095, which entitled him to inheritance claims on her vast property. Matilda allowed the troops to traverse her substantial territories in the greater part of Northern Italy, that included present-day <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilia_(region_of_Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilia (region of Italy)">Emilia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Romagna" title="Romagna">Romagna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RogersFrance2010-30">[29]</a> Henry V sent envoys to Matilda in order to negotiate and complete the note: "de pace [...] de regis honore suoque" (for peace and the honor of the king [...]). This honor, that determined the rank of the king was an idea, that had developed among the latest Salians towards a concept of lordship from which also future imperial claims on Southern Italy and on Matilda's property were derived. Matilda, who in 1079 had indeed intended to bequeath all her property to the pope in the event of her childlessness, now opted for an agreement between the pope and the king, and deployed the name Henry. The way to Rome was open for the king.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Henry put great effort into documentation and into staging events favorably for the royal party. He was allegedly accompanied by a huge army of 30,000 knights from all over the empire, that according to <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Freising" title="Otto of Freising">Otto of Freising</a>, gave an impressive display of worldly power in the nightly glow of the torches. The strength of his forces helped him to secure general recognition in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Grossolano" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossolano">archbishop Grossolano</a> intended to crown him with the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Iron Crown of Lombardy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._177-33">[32]</a> Henry could only command such a large army because his rule was based on consensus with the princes and dukes. Among the participants of this great procession was Henry's court chaplain David, who as a chronicler had been tasked to document a chronicle of all important events in volumes and in such a simple style that even less learned people can understand it. Thus, Henry had already planned the <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiographic</a> elements of documentation and propaganda, that might be useful in likely future clashes with the Pope. David's account has not survived, but the work has been used by later authors.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kleinhenz2004-1">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1050.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Italy_1050.jpg/250px-Italy_1050.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Italy_1050.jpg/375px-Italy_1050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Italy_1050.jpg/500px-Italy_1050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Map of Italy, around 1050</figcaption></figure> Pope Paschal, who could not count on further support from Matilda of Tuscany, sought help from the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Normans" title="Italo-Normans">Normans</a> who ruled in Southern Italy and with whom the papacy has been trying to counterbalance the Roman-German rulers before. The Normans had already occupied Rome against Henry IV in 1084. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Borsa" title="Roger Borsa">Roger</a> of Apulia and <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_Capua" title="Robert I of Capua">Robert I of Capua</a> pledged to assist Pope Paschal in case he needs help. Paschal also received support from the urban nobility of Rome. However, he made no attempt to gain support in northern Italy, whose municipalities began to evade the emperor. With the occupation of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lodi" title="Province of Lodi">Lodi</a> in 1111, Milan began to build up its own territory. The Norman army sent by <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Capua" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Capua">Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_Capua" title="Robert I of Capua">Robert I of Capua</a> to rescue the papists was turned back by the imperialist <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Tusculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Tusculum">count of Tusculum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_of_Tusculum" title="Ptolemy I of Tusculum">Ptolemy I of Tusculum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Domenico2002-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-rege-6">[5]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Henry V continued to insist on his right to invest with ring and staff as well as on the oath of fidelity for bishops and <a href="/wiki/Princely_abbeys_and_imperial_abbeys_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Princely abbeys and imperial abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire">imperial abbots</a>. Pope Paschal proposed that Henry give up the investiture altogether – the appointment of bishops to the episcopate – and in return get back all fiefs of sovereign royal <a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">regalia</a> in the duchies and margraviates and the coin – market – and customs rights.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>] Henry and Pope Paschal agreed on this idea in a preliminary contract on 4 February 1111. This meant that the bishops would be deprived of the rights and income that had been theirs since the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian era</a> and the means by which their service to the king was traditionally made possible and rewarded.<a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._177-33">[32]</a> If these regalia were returned to the empire, the bishops would have to live off their own property, the <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a>, and alms, limiting them to their ministry and increasing their dependence on the Pope. They would have lost all political rights and responsibilities in the empire and be dependent on secular protection. On 9 February, Henry V accepted the papal Concordat of Sutri. For Pope Paschal, the cause of <a href="/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">simony</a> was not the investiture, but the secularization of the bishops.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-jut-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-wei175-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-LoudSchenk2017-38">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HRR_10Jh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/280px-HRR_10Jh.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/420px-HRR_10Jh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/560px-HRR_10Jh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>The empire during Ottonian and Salian rule (10th to 12th century)</figcaption></figure> The celebrations for the coronation began on 12 February 1111. Henry V kissed the feet of the Pope in public in front of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>. In doing so, he symbolized his subordination to the spiritual father. This ritual was mentioned in the 1111 coronation for the first time and became an official ritual in the coronation ceremonies of the future emperors before entering St. Peter's Basilica.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-rege-6">[5]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The bishops learned of Paschal's and Henry's agreement prior to the coronation act. Protests broke out, there was turmoil in the city itself and the coronation had to be cancelled. Henry demanded his investment rights to be reinstated and the immediate coronation. Paschal refused, and Henry seized and imprisoned him in St. Peter. After two months Henry was able to acquire his father's (Henry IV) absolution from Paschal in the Treaty of Ponte Mammolo on 12 April, and the right to invest with ring and staff. On 13 April, Paschal completed the imperial coronation. In addition, Paschal had to swear an oath never to excommunicate Henry.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson1990-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Upon the Pope's imprisonment, however, Henry lost widespread acknowledgment as he had apprehended Christ's representative, the highest authority in the Latin Christian world. In response, he was banned by cardinal and <a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">legate</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuno_of_Praeneste" title="Cuno of Praeneste">Cuno of Praeneste</a> at a synod in Jerusalem in the summer of 1111. In September 1112 he was excommunicated by a Burgundian synod headed by Archbishop Guido of Vienne, the future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Calixtus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Calixtus II">Pope Calixtus II</a>. According to scholar Stefan Weinfurter, the year 1111 was a turning point in the reign of Henry V. The recent unity between the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Reform Church</a> and the king broke and with it the ties of consensual rule between the king and the secular princes. In March 1112, the Investiture privilege was revoked by the curia on a <a href="/wiki/Lateran_council" title="Lateran council">Lateran council</a> and designated as depraved privilege (Pravilege).<a href="#cite_note-Zey2017-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hartmann2010-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Germany">Return to Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Return to Germany">edit</a>]</div> Crowned emperor, Henry quickly retreated beyond the Alps. On his return to Italy he was a guest of Matilda of Tuscany at Bianello Castle from 6 to 8 May 1111. Matilda and Henry concluded a contract that researchers interpreted as Henry V's document of inheritance in case the margravine dies. On 7 August 1111, Henry was able to finally bring about his father's funeral, who had so far rested in an unconsecrated side chapel of Speyer Cathedral. On the same day and seven days later, on 14 August (a date of significance for the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> commemoration of the dead) Henry granted two privileges, which endowed the citizens of Speyer with yet unprecedented civil liberties. As the first privilege lays out memorial ceremonies the privileges for the citizens of the city of Speyer are considered a milestone in the history of the emergence of civil liberties. The residents were granted numerous rights and benefits (including exemption from inheritance taxes, court taxes and property taxes). No other city in the empire was granted such extensive and far-reaching liberties at the beginning of the 12th century. These privileges highlight the changes in the Salian idea of kingship compared to the first three Salian rulers. Donations no longer applied to the clergy alone, but an entire township was committed to the Salian <a href="/wiki/Memorialization" title="Memorialization">Memorialization</a>. The Speyer civil liberties, legal privileges and economic advance were associated with the memory of Henry V.<a href="#cite_note-and-42">[41]</a> The funeral ritual was of particular importance to Henry regarding the legitimization of his rule. At the funeral, he had presented himself as the loyal son and legitimate heir of the late emperor and demonstrated dynastic continuity. At the same time, he made it clear that his kingship was based not only on his successful rebellion against the father and the approval of the princes, but also on his inheritance claim to the throne. The city of <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a> was also granted generous privileges in 1114, however, unlike in Speyer, the residents were not granted any personal freedoms.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-and-42">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breach_of_the_consensual_order_and_war_with_Cologne">Breach of the consensual order and war with Cologne</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Breach of the consensual order and war with Cologne">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_Trifels_Castle_(view_from_the_southeast).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Aerial_image_of_Trifels_Castle_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg/300px-Aerial_image_of_Trifels_Castle_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Aerial_image_of_Trifels_Castle_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg/450px-Aerial_image_of_Trifels_Castle_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Aerial_image_of_Trifels_Castle_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg/600px-Aerial_image_of_Trifels_Castle_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trifels_Castle" title="Trifels Castle">Trifels Castle</a> near the modern small town of <a href="/wiki/Annweiler_am_Trifels" title="Annweiler am Trifels">Annweiler</a>. Henry V ignored property claims of <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_of_Mainz" title="Adalbert of Mainz">Adalbert of Mainz</a> and declared it a Reichsburg (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Castle">Imperial Castle</a>) in 1113. The site served as depository of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_regalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial regalia">imperial regalia</a> during the 12th and 13th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herzogtum_Sachsen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Herzogtum_Sachsen.png/300px-Herzogtum_Sachsen.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Herzogtum_Sachsen.png/450px-Herzogtum_Sachsen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Herzogtum_Sachsen.png/600px-Herzogtum_Sachsen.png 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a> 919–1125, Historical Atlas by <a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Shepherd" title="William Robert Shepherd">William R. Shepherd</a>, 1923</figcaption></figure> Beginning in 1111, Henry increasingly bypassed the princely consensus for his actions and hardly received any approval. He even applied his father's autocratic forms of government, thus exacerbating the conflict. After the events of 1111, numerous clergymen fell away from him, including first Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Salzburg" title="Conrad I of Salzburg">Conrad I of Salzburg</a>, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_of_Blankenburg" title="Reinhard of Blankenburg">Reinhard of Halberstadt</a> and most significant the break with his long-time confidant <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_of_Mainz" title="Adalbert of Mainz">Adalbert of Saarbrücken</a>, imperial chancellor since 14 February 1106, who had greatly influenced imperial politics. Adalbert was appointed Archbishop of Mainz in 1109 and accompanied Henry on the Italian campaign of 1110/11. In the process of the consolidation and expansion of power, the possessions of the Mainz Church overlapped with the Salian imperial estate at the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a>. The conflict with Adalbert apparently arose over <a href="/wiki/Trifels_Castle" title="Trifels Castle">Trifels Castle</a>. Without gaining the consensus of the princes, Henry arrested and detained Adalbert for over three years. Among threats of violence and dissent the Mainz citizens only succeed in November 1115 the archbishop (starved to skin and bones) to be released. The customs of amicable conflict resolution and demonstrative gentleness that had been handed down from the Ottonian era had lost importance under Henry IV and Henry V. Rather, the Salian rulers sought to establish a concrete form of royal punishment. Adalbert became the great opponent of the Salian kingship.<a href="#cite_note-wei175-29">[28]</a> Property disputes also led to conflicts in Saxony, as Henry interfered with the princely territorial policy while trying to expand the Salian domain. In 1112, <a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair of Supplinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Saxony">Duke of Saxony</a>, rebelled against Henry but was quickly subdued. In 1113, after the death of the childless Count Ulrich Margrave of Carniola, numerous Saxon nobles laid claims to this estate. However, Henry had obviously decided that the bequest would fall to the empire if there were no direct heirs. The king's idea nonetheless contradicted the Saxon legal concept and Henry obtained the endowment through approval of the royal princes but he completely avoided any dialogue with the Saxon nobles. Lothair, who rose in arms again was defeated at the Battle of Warnstadt,<a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._181-44">[43]</a> though was later pardoned.<a href="#cite_note-dend-18">[17]</a> Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_(archbishop_of_Cologne)" title="Frederick I (archbishop of Cologne)">Frederick of Cologne</a> also broke with Henry during a campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a>, who refused to pay the annual tribute and Henry allegedly sacrificed a Cologne troop contingent to the Frisians. The citizens of Cologne complained about the draconian regiment of one of Henry's <a href="/wiki/Ministerials" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministerials">ministerials</a> and Archbishop Friedrich denounced the catastrophic condition of the church in a letter. The episcopal seats of Worms and Mainz remained vacant for years and the secular rights of the bishops were carried out by royal administrators (villici). The territorial princes complained as well. From 1113 Henry had begun to adopt the Salian practice of occupation, when for the first time, Burchhard, a <a href="/wiki/Court_chaplain" class="mw-redirect" title="Court chaplain">court chaplain</a> was installed as governor of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cambrai" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai">Diocese of Cambrai</a> during the same year. The appointment of Bruning as <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Hildesheim" title="Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim">Bishop of Hildesheim</a> and Gerhard as <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Merseburg" title="Bishopric of Merseburg">Bishop of Merseburg</a> also failed to achieve consent with the Saxon nobility.<a href="#cite_note-mart-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> The insurgents united behind the Archbishop of Cologne and collectively fell from the emperor in early 1114. Two imperial campaigns against the dissidents failed. Initially, Henry took the fortified town of Deutz, which lay across the Rhine from Cologne. His control of Deutz allowed him to cut Cologne off from all river trade and transportation. At this point, the citizens of Cologne assembled a large force, including bowmen, and crossed the river, formed their ranks, and prepared to meet Henry's army.<a href="#cite_note-rob-46">[45]</a> The Cologne bowmen were able to break the armor of Henry's soldiers; it was summer, the weather was sultry, and the soldiers had removed their armor to find relief from the heat. Henry subsequently withdrew, turned south, and sacked Bonn and Jülich. On his return to Deutz, he was met by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_(Archbishop_of_Cologne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I (Archbishop of Cologne)">Archbishop Frederick</a>, Duke Gottfried of Lorraine,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Henry of Zutphen, and Count Theodoric of Aar,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich#Counts_of_Jülich" title="Duchy of Jülich">Count Gerhard of Julich</a> (William I), Lambert of Mulenarke, and Eberhard of Gandernol, who put up a stout resistance in which the latter was killed. Theodoric, Gerhard, and Lambert were taken prisoner.<a href="#cite_note-rob-46">[45]</a> When Frederick, Count of Westphalia,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] arrived with his brother, also named Henry, and their substantial force, the emperor withdrew, barely escaping capture.<a href="#cite_note-rob-46">[45]</a> Finally, in October 1114, the two armies met on a plain near <a href="/wiki/Andernach" title="Andernach">Andernach</a>. After an initial skirmish in which Duke Henry of Lorraine was forced to withdraw, the insurgent's troops and the emperor's force of Swabians, Bavarians, and Franconians clashed. The young men of Cologne, including many journeymen and apprentices, created a fearful din of noise, slashing at all who came near them. Theodric threw his force into the fight, and the emperor's army was forced back.<a href="#cite_note-rob-46">[45]</a> The defeat at <a href="/wiki/Andernach" title="Andernach">Andernach</a> ended Henry's presence at the Lower Rhine. At Christmas 1114, unrest culminated in Saxony. On 11 February 1115, Duke Lothair eventually defeated Henry in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Welfesholz" title="Battle of Welfesholz">Battle of Welfesholz</a>, that ended Salian rule in Saxony.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> From then on Lothair maintained a near royal rule in Saxony, while Henry's power to uphold universal kingship decreased further. The lack of acceptance and loss of prestige reflected itself at the court as none of the princes attended the Hoftag on 1 November 1115 in Mainz. Scheduled court days had to be cancelled in advance due to the lack of confirmed participants. Henry celebrated Christmas of 1115, one of the most essential occasions of royal representation, in Speyer, surrounded by only a few faithful adherents among whom <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Duke Frederick II of Swabia</a> gained increasing significance. Simultaneously, Henry's opponents gathered in Cologne upon the invitation of Adalbert of Mainz, to discuss clerical issues.<a href="#cite_note-zz-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-jut-15">[14]</a> The 1111 events in Rome and the 1115 defeat at the hands of the Saxon opposition led to the near complete dissolution of all ties between the bishops and the king. While under Henry IV a third of all documents had been issued for the bishoprics, this amount declined to a mere twelfth of Henry V's documents in which only thirteen of all 38 bishoprics were addressed.<a href="#cite_note-zz-48">[47]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Henry's position in Bavaria remained uncontested. After a short stop in 1111 on his return from Italy, he was absent until 1121. The conflicts in Saxony and the Rhineland required lengthy presence in these regions. Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a> remained loyal and Henry's opponents failed to assert themselves in Bavaria while the Bavarian nobles attended Henry's court throughout the empire. Despite the events of 1111 and the clashes in 1115, <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Sulzbach" title="Berengar II of Sulzbach">Berengar II of Sulzbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diepold_III,_Margrave_of_Vohburg" title="Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg">Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg</a>, count <a href="/wiki/Engelbert,_Duke_of_Carinthia" title="Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia">Engelbert II of Spanheim</a> as well as his brother Hartwig, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Regensburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg">Bishop of Regensburg</a> and Hermann, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Augsburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg">Bishop of Augsburg</a> proved to be loyal supporters of Henry V. These nobles received extraordinary treatment for their services. Engelbert II acquired the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">March of Istria</a> and in 1124 the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Duchy of Carinthia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kruppa2007-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_to_Matilda_of_England_(1110)">Marriage to Matilda of England (1110)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Marriage to Matilda of England (1110)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verm%C3%A4hlung_Heinrichs_V._1114.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Verm%C3%A4hlung_Heinrichs_V._1114.JPG/220px-Verm%C3%A4hlung_Heinrichs_V._1114.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Verm%C3%A4hlung_Heinrichs_V._1114.JPG/330px-Verm%C3%A4hlung_Heinrichs_V._1114.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Verm%C3%A4hlung_Heinrichs_V._1114.JPG/440px-Verm%C3%A4hlung_Heinrichs_V._1114.JPG 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Wedding banquet of Henry V. and <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Matilda of England</a>. (Chronicle of <a href="/wiki/Ekkehard_of_Aura" title="Ekkehard of Aura">Ekkehard of Aura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge" title="Corpus Christi College, Cambridge">Corpus Christi College, Cambridge</a>)</figcaption></figure> From 1108 on Henry V made official proposals for a marriage with a princess of the English royal family, seeking to increase the authority of the Salian king and secure his throne. His engagement with the eight-year-old princess <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Matilda</a> took place in Utrecht at Easter of 1110. The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Normans" title="Anglo-Normans">Anglo-Norman</a> King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a> paid the extraordinarily high sum of 10,000 or 15,000 pounds of silver as <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>. In return, his daughter's marriage to Henry V enormously increased his prestige. On 25 July 1110 Matilda was crowned <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_queens" title="List of German queens">Roman-German Queen</a> in Mainz by the Archbishop of Cologne. Four years later the wedding celebrations also took place in Mainz on 7 January 1114 amid great splendor and the attention of princes from all over the empire. The Salians appropriated the occasion to reaffirm unanimity with the imperial nobles after the conflicts in recent years. Duke Lothair of Supplinburg appeared barefoot and in <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penitent</a> clothing at the wedding. He was forgiven for his participation in the inheritance disputes of <a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a> after performing a <a href="/wiki/Deditio#Medieval_Europe" title="Deditio">Deditio</a> (submission). This occasion is the only known case of a Deditio during Henry V's reign, which historians have compared to the amicable set of rules and conflict management and settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Ottonian_dynasty" title="Ottonian dynasty">Ottonian dynasty</a>. On the other hand, Henry had Count <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Springer" title="Louis the Springer">Louis of Thuringia</a> captured and imprisoned for his participation in the Saxon rebellion, which upset many princes. Henry's impertinent demonstrations of power greatly diminished the overall atmosphere of the festivity. Some princes left the festival without permission, as others used the opportunity for conspiracies.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Borgolte2009-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Houts2019-54">[53]</a> The marriage to Matilda produced no male heirs. The chronicler <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9riman_of_Tournai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hériman of Tournai">Hériman of Tournai</a> mentions a child of Henry and Matilda that died soon after birth. A single source mentions a daughter of Henry named Bertha, who was probably illegitimate. She married Count <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_of_Tusculum" title="Ptolemy II of Tusculum">Ptolemy II of Tusculum</a> in 1117. The emperor's bond with the nobility of Rome through marriage was unique. In his conflict with the Pope and the struggle for domination in Italy, the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Tusculum" title="Counts of Tusculum">Tusculan</a> marriages of imperial partisans would receive particular honor.<a href="#cite_note-JohrendtMüller2012-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gregorovius2010-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellmann-57">[56]</a> Eventually, affairs in Italy compelled Henry to leave and appoint duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Frederick II of Hohenstaufen</a> and his brother Conrad, the future king <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a> as administrators. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Italian_expedition">Second Italian expedition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second Italian expedition">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brennerpass_from_north.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Brennerpass_from_north.JPG/200px-Brennerpass_from_north.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Brennerpass_from_north.JPG/300px-Brennerpass_from_north.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Brennerpass_from_north.JPG/400px-Brennerpass_from_north.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Brenner_Pass" title="Brenner Pass">Brenner Pass</a>, the preferred eastern Alpine crossing during the Middle Ages, seen from the north</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Via_imperii,_imperial_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Via_imperii%2C_imperial_road.jpg/200px-Via_imperii%2C_imperial_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Via_imperii%2C_imperial_road.jpg/300px-Via_imperii%2C_imperial_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Via_imperii%2C_imperial_road.jpg/400px-Via_imperii%2C_imperial_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="2676" /></a><figcaption>Route of the <a href="/wiki/Via_Imperii" title="Via Imperii">Via Imperii</a></figcaption></figure> After Henry had departed from Rome in 1111 a council declared the privilege of the lay investiture to be invalid. <a href="/wiki/Guido,_Archbishop_of_Vienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Guido, Archbishop of Vienne">Guido, Archbishop of Vienne</a>, excommunicated the emperor,<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> and called upon the pope to ratify the verdict. Paschal, however, refused to take so extreme a step. The discord entered a new stage in 1115 when <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a> died.<a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._181-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Matilda's death on 24 July 1115 caused Henry, accompanied only by a small contingent, to leave for Italy in February 1116 in order to secure his inheritance of the enormous property complex in Upper and Central Italy. In addition, he wished to stabilize Salian rule in Northern Italy and create a new power base against the overpowering opposition in the northern part of the empire. He had issued a whole series of court documents in advance, with which he intended to present himself as guarantor of law and justice in Italy. Henry was able to obtain Matilda's property without any problems and his authority was accepted in all the Italian municipalities. Henry regarded Rome as to be of particular importance and, ardently welcomed, he honored the city with five visits, more than any other Salian king.<a href="#cite_note-Küss2013-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stürner2019-7">[6]</a> Pope Paschal died on 21 January 1118. Henry helped to appoint Archbishop Mauritius of Braga as <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VIII" title="Antipope Gregory VIII">Pope Gregory VIII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._181-44">[43]</a> At that time <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a> served as the residence city of the newly emerging <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Braga" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga">local archbishopric</a> had only been founded recently. However, Gregor was unable to best his competitor <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_II" title="Pope Gelasius II">Pope Gelasius II</a>. After a banishment of Henry by papal legates around <a href="/wiki/Jordan,_Archbishop_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan, Archbishop of Milan">Jordan, Archbishop of Milan</a> had only limited effects, Gelasius II himself banished the emperor. For a forthcoming Hoftag in <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a> and during Henry's absence the royal princes planned the restoration of Imperial Peace and the deposition of the king in the event of his prolonged absence. Henry abruptly broke off the Italian campaign in the fall of 1118 and returned to the north. His wife Matilda remained in Italy as deputy ruler. Henry was able to prevent the court day in Würzburg. However, his subsequent activities until September/October 1119 cannot be determined due to the lack of sources. The feeble compliance with his reign is obvious by the lack of royal documents and the nearly unknown <a href="/wiki/Itinerarium" title="Itinerarium">itinerarium</a> of Henry's court, since apparently nobody ever requested any of these documents.<a href="#cite_note-fidi-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Freed2016-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-dend-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Laudage2012-63">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concordat_of_Worms">Concordat of Worms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Concordat of Worms">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_Worms" title="Concordat of Worms">Concordat of Worms</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wormser_Dom_Seitenansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wormser_Dom_Seitenansicht.jpg/250px-Wormser_Dom_Seitenansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wormser_Dom_Seitenansicht.jpg/375px-Wormser_Dom_Seitenansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wormser_Dom_Seitenansicht.jpg/500px-Wormser_Dom_Seitenansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Worms_Cathedral" title="Worms Cathedral">Worms Cathedral</a> was only consecrated 12 years prior in 1110</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urkunde_Wormser_Konkordat-bg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Urkunde_Wormser_Konkordat-bg.png/250px-Urkunde_Wormser_Konkordat-bg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Urkunde_Wormser_Konkordat-bg.png/375px-Urkunde_Wormser_Konkordat-bg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Urkunde_Wormser_Konkordat-bg.png/500px-Urkunde_Wormser_Konkordat-bg.png 2x" data-file-width="1526" data-file-height="1634" /></a><figcaption>Imperial document (Heinricianum), issued on 23 September 1122 (Città del Vaticano, Archivio Segreto Vaticano)</figcaption></figure> After the second Italian expedition, the opposition in Germany was gradually crushed, and a general peace was declared at <a href="/wiki/Tribur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribur">Tribur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> while the desire for a settlement of the investiture dispute was growing. On 2 February 1119, Pope Calixt II took over the pontificate. On 24 October 1119, the Pope and Emperor again negotiated a settlement in the investiture dispute in <a href="/wiki/Mouzon,_Ardennes" title="Mouzon, Ardennes">Mouzon</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>. Henry only wished to make extensive commitments with the consent of the princes. The negotiations failed. The encounter at <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> in October 1119 is considered the "end and turning point of royal penance in Medieval Europe". During the negotiations on the solution of the ban, Henry V found it hard, even unbearable to submit to a reconciliation ritual and meet the Pope bare-footed. After his father's <a href="/wiki/Road_to_Canossa" title="Road to Canossa">walk to Canossa</a> in 1077, the ideas of penitence and the personal exposure within one's social status could no longer be reconciled by another papal ban, as the intrinsic meanings symbolized subordination to the Pope. It is, however not certain whether the negotiations failed due to those circumstances. Only upon the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_Worms" title="Concordat of Worms">Worms Concordat</a> in 1122 was Henry re-admitted without penance or submission to the ecclesial community by a papal legate. After the negotiations had failed, Pope Calixt conferred the honor of papal legacy to the Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz, and thus strengthened the opposition to Henry.<a href="#cite_note-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-gru-65">[64]</a> In 1121 the situation escalated again and Henry decided to launch a military campaign against Adalbert of Mainz. The Archbishop mobilized large contingents, largely from Saxony, for the defense of Mainz. As the two armies faced each other near the city, the commanding princes of both sides began negotiations and in autumn 1121 urged the emperor to make peace and seek balanced policies with regards to the Pope. This princely action was an important developmental step towards the establishment of consensual forms of rule as the princes acted cooperatively to bring about negotiations that end the conflict. A princely peace commission composed of equal numbers was appointed. Made up of twelve supporters and twelfe opponents of Henry, the committee intended to represent all imperial estates. The princely assembly, that chronicler <a href="/wiki/Ekkehard_of_Aura" title="Ekkehard of Aura">Ekkehard of Aura</a> called a gathering of many "heads of the state" (tot capita rei publicae) met on 29 September 1121 in Würzburg and forced the emperor to finally reconcile with the pope.<a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._181-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003-5">[4]</a> Thus, on 23 September 1122 the so-called Concordat of Worms came about. Calixt II, was represented by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Lambert,_Bishop_of_Ostia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambert, Bishop of Ostia">Lambert, Bishop of Ostia</a>. The particular clauses of the Concordat were negotiated among the princes. The mutual exchange of two documents, an imperial (Heinricianum) and a papal (Calixtinum) paper marked the official settlement of the investiture dispute between pope and emperor. Upon future bishop ordinations, a distinction was to be made between the temporalities (secular property and prerogatives) and the spiritualities (spiritual authority). The <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">episcopal ordination</a> was to be performed by "the clergy and the people". The Heinricianum, explicitly classified as a political work of the princes ruled that Henry was to end the practice of investment with ring and staff. The king was to restore all church property, is no longer the sole representant of the empire and rules henceforth in sync with the princes.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> The Calixtinum allowes the emperor to be present at the ordination of bishops and abbots. Henry is only allowed to grant the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Regalia" title="Imperial Regalia">royal regalia</a> to the newly elected with his scepter. The final consecration was to be performed by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)" title="Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)">Metropolitan</a> for bishops and by the bishops for the abbots. Henry, who had been solemnly excommunicated at <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> by Calixt in October 1119,<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> abandoned his former papal nominee, Gregory VIII and is again received into the community of the Roman church.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_campaign_in_France">Failed campaign in France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Failed campaign in France">edit</a>]</div> The marriage ties with the English royal dynasty involved Henry into the Franco-Norman conflict in 1123. <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a> asked his son-in-law for military support in his struggle for dominance in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>. Like <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI of France</a>, Henry V had vague designs on the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> and an invasion in Northern France would enable him to strengthen his position in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. In August 1124 Henry V began preparations for a campaign into France with very limited ducal support. The attack spurred a hitherto unknown patriotic feeling of unity in France, which the French King Louis VI utilized for the deployment of a massive army against which Henry V's forces represented no match. The campaign was abandoned near <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> and Henry returned home.<a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_Medieval_History_Volume_V_p604-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Death and succession">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grab_Heinrich_V._im_Dom_zu_Speyer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Grab_Heinrich_V._im_Dom_zu_Speyer.JPG/220px-Grab_Heinrich_V._im_Dom_zu_Speyer.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Grab_Heinrich_V._im_Dom_zu_Speyer.JPG/330px-Grab_Heinrich_V._im_Dom_zu_Speyer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Grab_Heinrich_V._im_Dom_zu_Speyer.JPG/440px-Grab_Heinrich_V._im_Dom_zu_Speyer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Henry V's tomb, Cathedral of Speyer</figcaption></figure> During his last years the emperor was occupied with a campaign in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> and the succession of the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Meissen" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Meissen">margraviate of Meissen</a>, two disputes in which his opponents were aided by <a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothair of Saxony">Lothair of Saxony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._183-71">[70]</a> On 23 May 1125, Henry died of disease in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Comyn,_pg._183-71">[70]</a> His bones are buried at <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, his heart and bowels are buried at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Martin,_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht">Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht</a>. On his deathbed, he entrusted the care of his wife Mathilde and having no legitimate children he left his possessions to his sororal nephew, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Upon his death the dynastic line of the Franconian, Salian emperors went extinct. Speyer's importance as the Salic memorial site soon declined and it took several generations until it became a royal burial site again. The emperor's long tenure of excommunication was probably the reason that only Gladbach, a reform monastery under Siegburg domain and the Niederaltaich Imperial Abbey, are the only monasteries that have adopted Henry V's memorial service. Matilda handed the imperial insignia to the Archbishop of Mainz and in September 1126 she returned to England. The Hohenstaufer Duke Friedrich II had been considered a promising candidate for royal succession due to his kinship with Heinrich V and his involvement in the efforts towards imperial unification. However, his candidacy at the Mainz electoral assembly on 24 August 1125 was unsuccessful since he refused to accept free elections (libera electio) of the princes and he further destroyed his chances due to his overconfidence of victory, which was generally perceived as haughty (ambicone cecatus). Further royal candidates were <a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Margrave of Austria">Leopold III, Margrave of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Count_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I, Count of Flanders">Charles I, Count of Flanders</a> and the Saxon Duke <a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothar III</a>, who was eventually elected. Legitimacy was no longer determined by inheritance, but through election by the imperial princes.<a href="#cite_note-fidi-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-(of-?)1842-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Macht2004-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judgement">Judgement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Judgement">edit</a>]</div> King Henry's ruthless manoeuvers and the incarceration of the pope in 1111 initiated a general change of perception. The arrest of an elder was no longer regarded as a commendable act of the disempowerment of a schismatic ruler, but viewed under the aspect of betrayal of the biological father. Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz characterized the immediate reign of Henry V as "oppression" of "church and empire" and the upcoming "election" should bring "freedom" to the church and "peace" to the people.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> French ecclesiastical sources in particular consistently judged Henry negatively, stylized him as a troublemaker and as a traitor or tyrant. For the French abbot <a href="/wiki/Suger" title="Suger">Suger</a> of Saint-Denis, Henry was a troublemaker, who died justly within a year of his attack on France in 1124. For Suger, national standards did not matter, but the souvereign's attitude towards the pope constituted the decisive component for his judgment. For Geoffrey of Vendôme Henry was the incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Poitiers" title="Richard of Poitiers">Richard of Cluny</a> asserted that his childlessness was the just punishment for the betrayal of his father. For <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9riman_of_Tournai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hériman of Tournai">Hériman of Tournai</a>, Henry was guilty of planned betrayal and treachery in Rome ("proditio et perfidia diu premeditata"), who behaved like a tyrant. The 1111 events in Rome were discussed throughout all Latin Christianity. The French annals often only mention the imprisonment of the pope by Henry. The events of 1111 also echoed into the far west of Europe. The <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Breton</a> Chronicon Kemperlegiense of the <a href="/wiki/Quimper_Cathedral" title="Quimper Cathedral">Quimperlé monastery</a> mentioned an "emperor" for the very first time among its record on the capture of the pope: "Emperor Henry came to Rome, captured Paschal by treason and forced him to take an oath".<a href="#cite_note-Borgolte2009-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sieber-Lehmann2015-76">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="extiw" title="commons:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor</a>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Henry_V_(1086-1125)" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Henry V (1086-1125)">Henry V</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_German_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of the German monarchs">Family tree of the German monarchs</a> – he was related to every other king of Germany</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Richard Gaettens suggests the year 1086: The birth year of Heinrich V. 1081 or 1086? In: Journal for Rechtsgeschichte Germ. Dept. Vol. 79 (1962), pp. 52–71; Eduard Hlawitschka: On the birth date of Emperor Heinrich V. In: Historisches Jahrbuch Vol. 110 (1990), pp. 471–475 (he rejects 11 August as a birthday). This is contested by Peter Neumeister: dates and interpretations. When was Emperor Heinrich V. born? In: Olaf B. Rader (ed.): Turbata per aequora mundi. Thanks to Eckhard Müller-Mertens. Hanover 2001, pp. 89–97. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kleinhenz2004-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kleinhenz2004_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleinhenz2004_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleinhenz2004_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Kleinhenz2004" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Kleinhenz (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ">Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94880-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94880-1"><bdi>978-1-135-94880-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94880-1&rft.au=Christopher+Kleinhenz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2CTAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinfurter2006-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfurter2006_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfurter2006_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinfurter2006_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefan_Weinfurter2006" class="citation book cs1">Stefan Weinfurter (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Njz-yD1wkkC">Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt</a>. C.H. Beck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-53590-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-53590-1"><bdi>978-3-406-53590-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canossa%3A+die+Entzauberung+der+Welt&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-406-53590-1&rft.au=Stefan+Weinfurter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Njz-yD1wkkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-unhe-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unhe_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unhe_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unhe_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerd_Althoff" class="citation web cs1">Gerd Althoff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17900/11708">"Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder"</a>. Uni Heidelberg. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Noch+einmal+zu+den+Vorw%C3%BCrfen+gegen+Heinrich+IV.+Genese%2C+Themen%2C+Einsatzfelder&rft.pub=Uni+Heidelberg&rft.au=Gerd+Althoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Findex.php%2Fvuf%2Farticle%2Fview%2F17900%2F11708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SchneidmüllerWeinfurter2003_5-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernd_SchneidmüllerStefan_Weinfurter2003" class="citation book cs1">Bernd Schneidmüller; Stefan Weinfurter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbytLiPcn4oC&pg=PA5">Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919–1519)</a>. C.H. Beck. pp. 5–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-50958-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-50958-2"><bdi>978-3-406-50958-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+deutschen+Herrscher+des+Mittelalters%3A+historische+Portraits+von+Heinrich+I.+bis+Maximilian+I.+%28919%E2%80%931519%29&rft.pages=5-&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-406-50958-2&rft.au=Bernd+Schneidm%C3%BCller&rft.au=Stefan+Weinfurter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDbytLiPcn4oC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rege-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rege_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rege_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rege_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rege_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rege_6-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerhard_Lubich" class="citation web cs1">Gerhard Lubich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regesta-imperii.de/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/Regesta_Imperii_Beiheft_34.pdf">"Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit"</a> (PDF). Regesta. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heinrich+V.+in+seiner+Zeit&rft.pub=Regesta&rft.au=Gerhard+Lubich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regesta-imperii.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Fdownloads%2FRegesta_Imperii_Beiheft_34.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Stürner2019-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stürner2019_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stürner2019_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfgang_Stürner2019" class="citation book cs1">Wolfgang Stürner (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R5y6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT446">Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie – Bd. 1: Aufstieg und Machtentfaltung (975 bis 1190)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kohlhammer_Verlag" title="Kohlhammer Verlag">Kohlhammer Verlag</a>. pp. 446–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-17-035365-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-17-035365-7"><bdi>978-3-17-035365-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Staufer%3A+Eine+mittelalterliche+Herrscherdynastie+%E2%80%93+Bd.+1%3A+Aufstieg+und+Machtentfaltung+%28975+bis+1190%29&rft.pages=446-&rft.pub=Kohlhammer+Verlag&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3-17-035365-7&rft.au=Wolfgang+St%C3%BCrner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR5y6DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Book only has 391 pages </li> <li id="cite_note-Kleinhenz,_pg._492-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kleinhenz,_pg._492_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleinhenz,_pg._492_8-1">b</a> Kleinhenz, p. 492 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Holland, A.W., Germany (Adam & Charles Black, 1914), p. 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJürgen_Dendorfer2009" class="citation web cs1">Jürgen Dendorfer (15 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/fedora/objects/freidok:9002/datastreams/FILE1/content">"Regensburg im 'Investiturstreit'"</a>. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regensburg+im+%27Investiturstreit%27&rft.pub=Albert-Ludwigs-Universit%C3%A4t+Freiburg&rft.date=2009-11-15&rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Dendorfer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreidok.uni-freiburg.de%2Ffedora%2Fobjects%2Ffreidok%3A9002%2Fdatastreams%2FFILE1%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson2003-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Robinson2003_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI._S._Robinson2003" class="citation book cs1">I. S. Robinson (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QP8fNo5UNIYC&pg=PA290">Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106</a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-54590-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-54590-7"><bdi>978-0-521-54590-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+IV+of+Germany+1056%E2%80%931106&rft.pages=290-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-54590-7&rft.au=I.+S.+Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQP8fNo5UNIYC%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geschichtsquellen.de/werk/4654">"Vita Heinrici IV imperatoris (Leben Kaiser Heinrichs IV.)"</a>. Geschichtsquellen. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vita+Heinrici+IV+imperatoris+%28Leben+Kaiser+Heinrichs+IV.%29&rft.pub=Geschichtsquellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geschichtsquellen.de%2Fwerk%2F4654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annaleshildeshe00isidgoog/page/n12/mode/2up">"Annales hildesheimenses"</a>. Archive org. 1878. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annales+hildesheimenses&rft.pub=Archive+org&rft.date=1878&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannaleshildeshe00isidgoog%2Fpage%2Fn12%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartmann2010-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hartmann2010_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartmann2010_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilfried_Hartmann2010" class="citation book cs1">Wilfried Hartmann (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxXnBQAAQBAJ&pg=PP3">Der Investiturstreit</a>. Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-70142-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-70142-5"><bdi>978-3-486-70142-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Investiturstreit&rft.pages=3-&rft.pub=Oldenbourg+Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-486-70142-5&rft.au=Wilfried+Hartmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxXnBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jut-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jut_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jut_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jut_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jut_15-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJutta_Schlick" class="citation web cs1">Jutta Schlick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mf07">"König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel"</a>. Uni Heidelberg. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6nig%2C+F%C3%BCrsten+und+Reich%3A+%281056%E2%80%931159%29%3B+Herrschaftsverst%C3%A4ndnis+im+Wandel&rft.pub=Uni+Heidelberg&rft.au=Jutta+Schlick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fdiglit%2Fmf07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/b/b039722.pdf">"Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein"</a> (PDF). Böhlau Verlag. 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Uni Bonn. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Studien+zum+Hof+Heinrichs+V.&rft.pub=Uni+Bonn&rft.au=Martina+Halm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhss.ulb.uni-bonn.de%2F2015%2F4188%2F4188.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJürgen_Dendorfer,_Roman_Deutinger" class="citation web cs1">Jürgen Dendorfer, Roman Deutinger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/b/b063687.pdf">"Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter"</a> (PDF). MGH. 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Kaczmarek, "Bitwa na Psim Polu", in: Encyklopedia Wrocławia, Wrocław 2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-HerbersJohrendt2009-24"><a href="#cite_ref-HerbersJohrendt2009_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_HerbersJochen_Johrendt2009" class="citation book cs1">Klaus Herbers; Jochen Johrendt (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ohv-d3oGn4gC&pg=PA138">Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien: Hundert Jahre Italia Pontificia</a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 138–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021468-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021468-0"><bdi>978-3-11-021468-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Papsttum+und+das+vielgestaltige+Italien%3A+Hundert+Jahre+Italia+Pontificia&rft.pages=138-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-11-021468-0&rft.au=Klaus+Herbers&rft.au=Jochen+Johrendt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dohv-d3oGn4gC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boshof2008-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Boshof2008_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgon_Boshof2008" class="citation book cs1">Egon Boshof (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVkCWJaLVLMC&pg=PA3">Die Salier</a>. 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Francia. Academia. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Francia&rft.atitle=Das+Jahrhundert+der+Salier+%281024%E2%80%931125%29+Seite+175&rft.date=2006-01&rft.au=Stefan+Weinfurter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F31120508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RogersFrance2010-30"><a href="#cite_ref-RogersFrance2010_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford_J._RogersJohn_FranceKelly_DeVries2010" class="citation book cs1">Clifford J. Rogers; John France; Kelly DeVries (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j8lLD2Pd3pIC&pg=PA38">Journal of Medieval Military History</a>. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 38–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-596-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-596-7"><bdi>978-1-84383-596-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Medieval+Military+History&rft.pages=38-&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-596-7&rft.au=Clifford+J.+Rogers&rft.au=John+France&rft.au=Kelly+DeVries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj8lLD2Pd3pIC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz58994.html">"Mathilde"</a>. Deutsche Biographie. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mathilde&rft.pub=Deutsche+Biographie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutsche-biographie.de%2Fsfz58994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> I. 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Retrieved 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Untersuchungen+zur+Darstellung+mittelalterlicher+Herrscher+in+der+deutschen+Kaiserchronik+des+12.+Jahrhunderts&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t+M%C3%BCnchen&rft.au=Monika+Pohl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2F5592%2F1%2FPohl_Monika.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Domenico2002-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Domenico2002_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Palmer_Domenico2002" class="citation book cs1">Roy Palmer Domenico (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ-PMNC5XOkC&pg=PA196">The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 196–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30733-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30733-1"><bdi>978-0-313-30733-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Regions+of+Italy%3A+A+Reference+Guide+to+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=196-&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30733-1&rft.au=Roy+Palmer+Domenico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwZ-PMNC5XOkC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudia_Zey" class="citation web cs1">Claudia Zey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hist.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:00000000-2bb3-aa9d-ffff-ffff875d785f/2006-Zey-Papsttum_und_Investiturstreit.pdf">"Papsttum und Invesriturstreit"</a> (PDF). Universität Zürich. Retrieved 9 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papsttum+und+Invesriturstreit&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A4t+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.au=Claudia+Zey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hist.uzh.ch%2Fdam%2Fjcr%3A00000000-2bb3-aa9d-ffff-ffff875d785f%2F2006-Zey-Papsttum_und_Investiturstreit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwig_Weiland" class="citation web cs1">Ludwig Weiland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217103023/http://www.mgh.de/publikationen/leges/constitutiones-et-acta-publica-imperatorum-et-regum/">"Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum. Bearbeitet von Ludwig Weiland. Bd. 1"</a>. MGH. 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Taylor & Francis. pp. 125–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-02199-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-02199-5"><bdi>978-1-317-02199-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+German+Principalities%2C+1100%E2%80%931350%3A+Essays+by+German+Historians&rft.pages=125-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-317-02199-5&rft.au=Graham+A.+Loud&rft.au=Jochen+Schenk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVkYrDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerd_Althoff" class="citation web cs1">Gerd Althoff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbg-wissenverbindet.de/4512/die-macht-der-rituale#">"Die Macht der Rituale"</a>. WBG. Retrieved 9 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Macht+der+Rituale&rft.pub=WBG&rft.au=Gerd+Althoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbg-wissenverbindet.de%2F4512%2Fdie-macht-der-rituale%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Bryce, p. 306 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zey2017-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Zey2017_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudia_Zey2017" class="citation book cs1">Claudia Zey (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAHuDQAAQBAJ">Der Investiturstreit</a>. C.H. 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(1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingsineurop04robigoog">Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt</a>. Ginn & company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingsineurop04robigoog/page/n329">297</a>. Retrieved 14 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Readings+in+European+History%3A+From+the+breaking+up+of+the+Roman+empire+to+the+Protestant+revolt&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Ginn+%26+company&rft.date=1904&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingsineurop04robigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Bisson, Thomas M., The Crisis of the Twelfth Century (Princeton University Press, 2009), p. 215 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-zz-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zz_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zz_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarl-Albert_Zölch" class="citation web cs1">Karl-Albert Zölch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/16897/2/Zoelch.pdf">"Die Bischöfe von Speyerzur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II"</a> (PDF). 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The American Journal of Theologyy: 513–540. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F479958">10.1086/479958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Theology&rft.atitle=Church+and+State+in+Mediaeval+Germany&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=513-540&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F479958&rft.au=JW+Thompson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kruppa2007-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Kruppa2007_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathalie_Kruppa2007" class="citation book cs1">Nathalie Kruppa (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fasCTXul-AYC&pg=PA63">Adlige – Stifter – Mönche: zum Verhältnis zwischen Klöstern und mittelalterlichem Adel</a>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 63–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-35886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-35886-3"><bdi>978-3-525-35886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adlige+%E2%80%93+Stifter+%E2%80%93+M%C3%B6nche%3A+zum+Verh%C3%A4ltnis+zwischen+Kl%C3%B6stern+und+mittelalterlichem+Adel&rft.pages=63-&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-525-35886-3&rft.au=Nathalie+Kruppa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfasCTXul-AYC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJürgen_Dendorfer" class="citation web cs1">Jürgen Dendorfer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/fedora/objects/freidok:8961/datastreams/FILE1/content">"Die Grafen von Sulzbach"</a>. Uni Freiburg. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Grafen+von+Sulzbach&rft.pub=Uni+Freiburg&rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Dendorfer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreidok.uni-freiburg.de%2Ffedora%2Fobjects%2Ffreidok%3A8961%2Fdatastreams%2FFILE1%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmalieFössel" class="citation web cs1">AmalieFössel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hist.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:33bf7448-9d88-4b34-8201-90fb17f1ef02/2011_Zey_Mathilde_von_England.pdf">"Die Kaiserinnen des Mittelalters"</a> (PDF). Uni Zürich. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Kaiserinnen+des+Mittelalters&rft.pub=Uni+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.au=AmalieF%C3%B6ssel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hist.uzh.ch%2Fdam%2Fjcr%3A33bf7448-9d88-4b34-8201-90fb17f1ef02%2F2011_Zey_Mathilde_von_England.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borgolte2009-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Borgolte2009_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borgolte2009_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Borgolte2009" class="citation book cs1">Michael Borgolte (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qatHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT328">Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs: Zwanzig internationale Beiträge zu Praxis, Problemen und Perspektiven der historischen Komparatistik</a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 328–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-05-004829-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-05-004829-1"><bdi>978-3-05-004829-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+europ%C3%A4ische+Mittelalter+im+Spannungsbogen+des+Vergleichs%3A+Zwanzig+internationale+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zu+Praxis%2C+Problemen+und+Perspektiven+der+historischen+Komparatistik&rft.pages=328-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-05-004829-1&rft.au=Michael+Borgolte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqatHAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houts2019-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Houts2019_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElisabeth_van_Houts2019" class="citation book cs1">Elisabeth van Houts (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuCGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT296">Married Life in the Middle Ages, 900–1300</a>. OUP Oxford. pp. 296–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-251974-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-251974-0"><bdi>978-0-19-251974-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Married+Life+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+900%E2%80%931300&rft.pages=296-&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-251974-0&rft.au=Elisabeth+van+Houts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZuCGDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohrendtMüller2012-55"><a href="#cite_ref-JohrendtMüller2012_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJochen_JohrendtHarald_Müller2012" class="citation book cs1">Jochen Johrendt; Harald Müller (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KLcWDfpNa4AC&pg=PA376">Rom und die Regionen: Studien zur Homogenisierung der lateinischen Kirche im Hochmittelalter</a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 376–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028929-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028929-9"><bdi>978-3-11-028929-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rom+und+die+Regionen%3A+Studien+zur+Homogenisierung+der+lateinischen+Kirche+im+Hochmittelalter&rft.pages=376-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-11-028929-9&rft.au=Jochen+Johrendt&rft.au=Harald+M%C3%BCller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKLcWDfpNa4AC%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregorovius2010-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Gregorovius2010_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerdinand_Gregorovius2010" class="citation book cs1">Ferdinand Gregorovius (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8z2ZEOE-azoC">History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01503-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01503-5"><bdi>978-1-108-01503-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+City+of+Rome+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-108-01503-5&rft.au=Ferdinand+Gregorovius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8z2ZEOE-azoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hellmann-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Hellmann_57-0">^</a> S. Hellmann, Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode (Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140110134301/http://www.manfred-hiebl.de/genealogie-mittelalter/savoyen_grafen_von/adelheid_von_turin_+_1091/hellmann.html">Genealogie Mittelalter</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Comyn, p. 179 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Milman, p. 307 </li> <li id="cite_note-Küss2013-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Küss2013_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobias_Küss2013" class="citation book cs1">Tobias Küss (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JUkjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA398">Die älteren Diepoldinger als Markgrafen in Bayern (1077–1204): Adlige Herrschaftsbildung im Hochmittelalter</a>. Herbert Utz Verlag. pp. 398–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8316-4261-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8316-4261-8"><bdi>978-3-8316-4261-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+%C3%A4lteren+Diepoldinger+als+Markgrafen+in+Bayern+%281077%E2%80%931204%29%3A+Adlige+Herrschaftsbildung+im+Hochmittelalter&rft.pages=398-&rft.pub=Herbert+Utz+Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-8316-4261-8&rft.au=Tobias+K%C3%BCss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJUkjAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fidi-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fidi_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fidi_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJürgen_Dendorfer2005" class="citation web cs1">Jürgen Dendorfer (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/14141219">"Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V."</a> Academia. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fidi+milites%3F+Die+Staufer+und+Kaiser+Heinrich+V.&rft.pub=Academia&rft.date=2005-01&rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Dendorfer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F14141219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freed2016-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Freed2016_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Freed2016" class="citation book cs1">John Freed (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uXk8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT716">Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth</a>. Yale University Press. pp. 716–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22116-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-22116-9"><bdi>978-0-300-22116-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frederick+Barbarossa%3A+The+Prince+and+the+Myth&rft.pages=716-&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-300-22116-9&rft.au=John+Freed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuXk8DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laudage2012-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Laudage2012_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiane_Laudage2012" class="citation book cs1">Christiane Laudage (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=glPlAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT257">Kampf um den Stuhl Petri: Die Geschichte der Gegenpäpste</a>. Verlag Herder. pp. 257–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-451-34636-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-451-34636-1"><bdi>978-3-451-34636-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kampf+um+den+Stuhl+Petri%3A+Die+Geschichte+der+Gegenp%C3%A4pste&rft.pages=257-&rft.pub=Verlag+Herder&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-451-34636-1&rft.au=Christiane+Laudage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DglPlAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Milman, p. 318 </li> <li id="cite_note-gru-65"><a href="#cite_ref-gru_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerd_Althoff2001" class="citation journal cs1">Gerd Althoff (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/fmst.2001.35.issue-1/9783110242331.61/9783110242331.61.xml">"Inszenierung verpflichtet Zum Verständnis ritueller Akte bei Papst-Kaiser-Begegnungen im 12. Jahrhundert"</a>. Frühmittelalterliche Studien. 35. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110242331.61">10.1515/9783110242331.61</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:185916459">185916459</a>. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fr%C3%BChmittelalterliche+Studien&rft.atitle=Inszenierung+verpflichtet+Zum+Verst%C3%A4ndnis+ritueller+Akte+bei+Papst-Kaiser-Begegnungen+im+12.+Jahrhundert&rft.volume=35&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110242331.61&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A185916459%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Gerd+Althoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fview%2Fj%2Ffmst.2001.35.issue-1%2F9783110242331.61%2F9783110242331.61.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Bryce, p. 164 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Comyn, p. 182 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonika_Suchan2003" class="citation journal cs1">Monika Suchan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/fmst.2003.37.issue-1/9783110179149.141/9783110179149.141.xml">"Fürstliche Opposition gegen das Königtum im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert als Gestalterin mittelalterlicher Staatlichkeit"</a>. Frühmittelalterliche Studien. 37. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110179149.141">10.1515/9783110179149.141</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163635625">163635625</a>. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fr%C3%BChmittelalterliche+Studien&rft.atitle=F%C3%BCrstliche+Opposition+gegen+das+K%C3%B6nigtum+im+11.+und+12.+Jahrhundert+als+Gestalterin+mittelalterlicher+Staatlichkeit&rft.volume=37&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110179149.141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163635625%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Monika+Suchan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fview%2Fj%2Ffmst.2003.37.issue-1%2F9783110179149.141%2F9783110179149.141.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederic_Laudenklos2008" class="citation web cs1">Frederic Laudenklos (12 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1880497">"Das Wormser Konkordat und der Südwesten des regnum Romanorum"</a>. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Das+Wormser+Konkordat+und+der+S%C3%BCdwesten+des+regnum+Romanorum&rft.pub=Ruprecht-Karls-Universit%C3%A4t+Heidelberg&rft.date=2008-03-12&rft.au=Frederic+Laudenklos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1880497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge_Medieval_History_Volume_V_p604-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_Medieval_History_Volume_V_p604_70-0">^</a> The Cambridge Medieval History Vol. V, p. 604 </li> <li id="cite_note-Comyn,_pg._183-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Comyn,_pg._183_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Comyn,_pg._183_71-1">b</a> Comyn, p. 183 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Comyn, p. 184 </li> <li id="cite_note-(of-?)1842-73"><a href="#cite_ref-(of-?)1842_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEduard_Gervais_(of-?)1842" class="citation book cs1">Eduard Gervais (of-?) (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BnkRAAAAYAAJ">Kaiser Lothar III</a>. F.A. Brockhaus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kaiser+Lothar+III.&rft.pub=F.A.+Brockhaus&rft.date=1842&rft.au=Eduard+Gervais+%28of-%3F%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBnkRAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macht2004-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Macht2004_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolger_Macht2004" class="citation book cs1">Holger Macht (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bSNqAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Lothars III. Kampf mit den Staufern</a>. diplom.de. pp. 22–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8324-8385-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8324-8385-2"><bdi>978-3-8324-8385-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lothars+III.+Kampf+mit+den+Staufern&rft.pages=22-&rft.pub=diplom.de&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-8324-8385-2&rft.au=Holger+Macht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbSNqAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Laura_Heeg" class="citation web cs1">E. Laura Heeg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/31804476">"Die Salier. Macht im Wandel"</a>. Academia. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Die+Salier.+Macht+im+Wandel&rft.pub=Academia&rft.au=E.+Laura+Heeg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F31804476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sieber-Lehmann2015-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Sieber-Lehmann2015_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudius_Sieber-Lehmann2015" class="citation book cs1">Claudius Sieber-Lehmann (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pCRsDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188">Papst und Kaiser als Zwillinge?: Ein anderer Blick auf die Universalgewalten im Investiturstreit</a>. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. pp. 188–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-412-22450-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-412-22450-9"><bdi>978-3-412-22450-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papst+und+Kaiser+als+Zwillinge%3F%3A+Ein+anderer+Blick+auf+die+Universalgewalten+im+Investiturstreit&rft.pages=188-&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau+Verlag+K%C3%B6ln+Weimar&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-412-22450-9&rft.au=Claudius+Sieber-Lehmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpCRsDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Kleinhenz, Christopher. Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1. Routledge, 2004. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li>Weinfurter, Stefan. Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt C.H. Beck <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-53590-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-53590-1">978-3-406-53590-1</a>. 2006</li> <li>Weinfurter, Stefan. "Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125) Seite 175". Thorbecke Verlag, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3799501408" title="Special:BookSources/978-3799501408">978-3799501408</a>. 2004</li> <li>Althoff, Gerd. "Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder" University of Heidelberg [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li>Schneidmüller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan. Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters. C.H. Beck. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-50958-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-50958-2">978-3-406-50958-2</a>. 2003</li> <li>Lubich, Gerhard. "Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit" (PDF). Regesta</li> <li>Stürner, Wolfgang. Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie. Kohlhammer Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-17-035365-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-17-035365-7">978-3-17-035365-7</a>. 2019</li> <li>Holland, A. W. Germany Adam & Charles Black, p. 70 1914</li> <li>Dendorfer, Jürgen. "Regensburg im »Investiturstreit«". Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 2009</li> <li>Dendorfer, Jürgen; Struve, Tilman. "Heinrich V. : Könige und Große am Ende der Salierzeit" Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li>Dendorfer, Jürgen; Deutinger, Roman. "Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter" (PDF). Jan Thorbecke Verlag</li> <li>Dendorfer, Jürgen. "Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3799542692" title="Special:BookSources/978-3799542692">978-3799542692</a> 2005</li> <li>Robinson, I.S. Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-54590-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-54590-7">978-0-521-54590-7</a>. 2003</li> <li>Bryce, James. The Holy Roman Empire. MacMillan, 1913</li> <li>Hartmann, Wilfried. Der Investiturstreit. Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-70142-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-70142-5">978-3-486-70142-5</a>. 2010</li> <li>Schlick, Jutta. "König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel". University of Heidelberg</li> <li>Struve, Tilman. "Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein" (PDF). Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Schutz" title="Herbert Schutz">Schutz, Herbert</a>. "The Medieval Empire in Central Europe". Cambridge Scholars Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1443819662" title="Special:BookSources/1443819662">1443819662</a> 2010</li> <li>Halm, Martina. Studien zum Hof Heinrichs V. University of Bonn 2015</li> <li>Vickers, Robert. History of Bohemia C.H. Sergel Company, 1894</li> <li>Herbers, Klaus; Johrendt, Jochen. Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien Walter de Gruyter. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021468-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021468-0">978-3-11-021468-0</a> 2009</li> <li>Borgolte, Michael. Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs. de Gruyter. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-05-004829-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-05-004829-1">978-3-05-004829-1</a>. 2009</li> <li>Robinson, I. S. The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31922-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31922-5">978-0-521-31922-5</a>. 1990</li> <li>Robinson, J.H. Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt. Ginn & co (1904)</li> <li>Comyn, Robert. History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, Vol. I. 1851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._M._Gwatkin" class="mw-redirect" title="H. M. Gwatkin">Gwatkin, H.M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._P._Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="J. P. Whitney">J. P. Whitney</a> The Cambridge Medieval History: Vol III. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1926.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">Norwich, John Julius</a>. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hart_Milman" title="Henry Hart Milman">Milman, Henry</a>. History of Latin Christianity, including that of the Popes, Vol. III. 1854</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Henry_V._(Roman_emperor)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Henry V. (Roman emperor)">Henry V. (Roman emperor)</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–278.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Henry+V.+%28Roman+emperor%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=277-278&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+V%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor </div><div><a href="/wiki/Salian_dynasty" title="Salian dynasty">Salian dynasty</a> </div>Born: 1086 Died: 1125 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> 1098–1125 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">German King</a> (formally <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>) 1099–1125 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Lothair III</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Henry IV</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Arles">King of Arles</a> 1105–1125 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> 1111–1125 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Template talk:Holy Roman Emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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Spoleto">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Holy_Roman_Emperors" title="Category:Holy Roman Emperors">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919) <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> (Imperial Regent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">Kings of Italy</a> between 476 and 1556</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer (476–493)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/100px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/150px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/200px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="810" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric (493–526)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athalaric" title="Athalaric">Athalaric (526–534)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodahad" title="Theodahad">Theodahad (534–536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitiges" title="Vitiges">Vitiges (536–540)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ildibad" title="Ildibad">Ildibad (540–541)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraric" title="Eraric">Eraric (541)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila (541–552)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teia" title="Teia">Teia (552–553)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboin" title="Alboin">Alboin (568–572)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleph" title="Cleph">Cleph (572–574)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Dukes" title="Rule of the Dukes">Interregnum (574–584)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authari" title="Authari">Authari (584–590)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf (590–616)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald (616–626)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arioald" title="Arioald">Arioald (626–636)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothari" title="Rothari">Rothari (636-652)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodoald" title="Rodoald">Rodoald (652–653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_I" title="Aripert I">Aripert I (653–661)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godepert" title="Godepert">Godepert (661–662)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit (661–662)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Grimoald, King of the Lombards">Grimoald (662–671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garibald" title="Garibald">Garibald (671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit (671–688)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert (688–689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis (689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert (689–700)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutpert" title="Liutpert">Liutpert (700–702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raginpert" title="Raginpert">Raginpert (701)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_II" title="Aripert II">Aripert II (702–712)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansprand" title="Ansprand">Ansprand (712)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand (712–744)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildeprand" title="Hildeprand">Hildeprand (744)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis (744–749)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf (749–756)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius (756–774)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne (774–814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin (781–810)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Italy" title="Bernard of Italy">Bernard (810–818)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I (818–855)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis I (855–875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II (875–877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman (877–879)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III (879–887)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf (896–899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold (896)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic (title disputed 887–933)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unruochings" title="Unruochings">Unruochings</a>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar I (887–924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widonids" title="Widonids">Guideschi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy (889–894)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert (891–897)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_House_of_Welf" title="Elder House of Welf">Welfs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph (922–933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis II (900–905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh (926–947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II (945–950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">Anscarids</a>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar II (950–963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_of_Italy" title="Adalbert of Italy">Adalbert (950–963)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1556)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I (962–973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II (980–983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III (996–1002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arduin_of_Ivrea" title="Arduin of Ivrea">Arduin I (1002–1014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II (1004–1024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II (1026–1039)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III (1039–1056)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV (1056–1105)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II (1093–1101)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry V (1106–1125)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III (or II) (1125–1137)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III (1138–1152)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I (1154–1186)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI (1186–1197)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV (1209–1212)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II (1212–1250)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII (1311–1313)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV (1327–1347)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV (1355–1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund (1431–1437)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III (1452–1493)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V (1530–1556)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Investiture_Controversy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Investiture_Controversy" title="Template:Investiture Controversy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Investiture_Controversy" title="Template talk:Investiture Controversy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Investiture_Controversy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Investiture Controversy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Investiture_Controversy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atto_(archbishop_of_Milan)" title="Atto (archbishop of Milan)">Atto (archbishop of Milan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_II" title="Pope Callixtus II">Pope Callixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Antipope Clement III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlembald" title="Erlembald">Erlembald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotofredo_da_Castiglione" title="Gotofredo da Castiglione">Gotofredo da Castiglione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Pope Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_da_Velate" title="Guido da Velate">Guido da Velate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf of Rheinfelden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Documents and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_Worms" title="Concordat of Worms">Concordat of Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">Excommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Langensalza_(1075)" title="Battle of Langensalza (1075)">First Battle of Langensalza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">First Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_nomine_Domini" title="In nomine Domini">In nomine Domini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxon_revolt_of_1077%E2%80%931088" title="Saxon revolt of 1077–1088">Saxon revolt of 1077–1088</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Norman conquest of southern Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1084)" title="Sack of Rome (1084)">Sack of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_to_Canossa" title="Road to Canossa">Walk to Canossa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe" title="Church and state in medieval Europe">Church and state in medieval Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominium_mundi" title="Dominium mundi">Dominium mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">Investiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Papacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">Simony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libellus_de_imperatoria_potestate_in_urbe_Roma" title="Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma">Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151707#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151707#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151707#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063190818">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52481198">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/120435/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvxxdg4ytTPYGfbhXTGpP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11854828X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83206540">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16949228g">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16949228g">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36579278">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=143011">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810651264605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007596699805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500355727">ULAN</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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