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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon" title="Gaultheria shallon – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gaultheria shallon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon" title="Gaultheria shallon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gaultheria shallon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libavka_shalon" title="Libavka shalon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Libavka shalon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweunlwyn_sialon" title="Gweunlwyn sialon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweunlwyn sialon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busket_bjergte" title="Busket bjergte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Busket bjergte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallon-Scheinbeere" title="Shallon-Scheinbeere – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shallon-Scheinbeere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon" title="Gaultheria shallon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gaultheria shallon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaulth%C3%A9rie_shallon" title="Gaulthérie shallon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaulthérie shallon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="جولثريا شاليون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جولثريا شاليون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гаультерия шаллон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гаультерия шаллон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salal" title="Salal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaktelb%C3%A4r" title="Vaktelbär – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vaktelbär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon" title="Gaultheria shallon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gaultheria shallon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon" title="Gaultheria shallon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gaultheria shallon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon" title="Gaultheria shallon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gaultheria shallon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of flowering plant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Salal" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Salal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Salal (disambiguation)">Salal (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Gaultheria shallon</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaultheria_shallon_RF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gaultheria_shallon_RF.jpg/220px-Gaultheria_shallon_RF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gaultheria_shallon_RF.jpg/330px-Gaultheria_shallon_RF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gaultheria_shallon_RF.jpg/440px-Gaultheria_shallon_RF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="1662" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Leaves and flowers </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Status_TNC_G5.svg/220px-Status_TNC_G5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Status_TNC_G5.svg/330px-Status_TNC_G5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Status_TNC_G5.svg/440px-Status_TNC_G5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><br />Secure <small> (<a href="/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-natureserve_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natureserve-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Gaultheria" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaultheria" title="Gaultheria"><i>Gaultheria</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>G. shallon</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Gaultheria shallon</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Traugott_Pursh" title="Frederick Traugott Pursh">Pursh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Salal_Range.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Salal_Range.jpg/220px-Salal_Range.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Salal_Range.jpg/330px-Salal_Range.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Salal_Range.jpg/440px-Salal_Range.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="447" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution in the United States </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Gaultheria shallon</b></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> in the heather <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a>), native to western North America. In English, it is known as <b>salal</b>, <b>shallon</b>, or (mainly in Britain) <b>gaultheria</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaultheria_shallon_31974.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gaultheria_shallon_31974.JPG/240px-Gaultheria_shallon_31974.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gaultheria_shallon_31974.JPG/360px-Gaultheria_shallon_31974.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gaultheria_shallon_31974.JPG/480px-Gaultheria_shallon_31974.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The finely and sharply serrate leaves are shiny and dark green above.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Gaultheria shallon</i> is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>0.4 to 3.05 metres (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> to 10 feet) tall, sprawling to erect. It is loosely to densely branched and often forms dense, nearly impenetrable thickets.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Twig" title="Twig">twigs</a> are reddish-brown, with shredding bark. Twigs can live up to 16 years or more, but bear <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> only the first few years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The leaves are alternate, <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a>, leathery, thick and egg shaped. They are shiny and dark green on the upper surface, and rough and lighter green on the lower. Each finely and sharply <a href="/wiki/Serrate_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Serrate leaf">serrate</a> leaf is 5 to 10 centimetres (2 to 4 inches) long. Each leaf generally lives for 2 to 4 years before it is replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a> of flowers consists of a <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracteate</a> <a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">raceme</a>, one-sided, with 5–15 flowers at the ends of branches. Each flower is composed of a deeply five-parted, glandular-haired <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">calyx</a> and an urn-shaped pink to white, glandular to hairy, five-lobed <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a> (corolla), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />7 to 10 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> to <span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) long. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is reddish to blue, rough-surfaced, covered in tiny hairs, nearly spherical and 6 to 10 mm in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-Pojar_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pojar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruits are 'pseudoberries', or capsules made up of a fleshy outer calyx, and each fruit contains an average of 126 brown, reticulate <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a> approximately 0.1 mm in length. These berries are also edible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis and Clark">Lewis and Clark</a> reported the local <a href="/wiki/Chinook_Jargon" title="Chinook Jargon">Chinook Jargon</a> name of the omnipresent evergreen shrub to be <i>shallon</i>, <i>shelwel</i>, or <i>shellwell</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but when Scottish naturalist <a href="/wiki/David_Douglas_(botanist)" title="David Douglas (botanist)">David Douglas</a> arrived at <a href="/wiki/Fort_George,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort George, Oregon">Fort George</a> in April 1825 he noted that it was not called <i>shallon</i> but rather <i>salal or sallal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The genus <i>Gaultheria</i> was named by <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Kalm" title="Pehr Kalm">Pehr Kalm</a> for his guide in Canada, fellow botanist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Gaultier" title="Jean François Gaultier">Jean François Gaultier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Squamish_language" title="Squamish language">Squamish language</a>, the fruits are called <b>t’áḵa7</b> and the bush is called <b>t’áḵa7áy̓</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich dialect</a>, salal berries are called <b>DAḴE</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Lushootseed language, the month of August is named pədt̕aqaʔ, literally 'time of the salal.'<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salal is found in Southeast <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> and along much of the <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> coast. It grows as far north as <a href="/wiki/Baranof_Island" title="Baranof Island">Baranof Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pojar_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pojar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Western_poison_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Western poison oak">Western poison oak</a> is a common associate in the <a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Europe">In Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species was introduced to Britain in 1828 by David Douglas, who intended the plant to be used as an <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pojar_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pojar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed to have been planted as cover for <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasants</a> on shooting estates.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preferred_sites">Preferred sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Preferred sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>G. shallon</i> grows in moist to dry, montane to lowland coastal conifer forests as well as forested peatland and <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a> throughout the Pacific Northwest down to Southern California. It is a common coniferous forest understory species where shade is not heavy and may dominate large areas with its spreading <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a>. Individual plants may live for hundreds of years, spreading from their rhizomes. The plant is sensitive to frost.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is tolerant of salt spray and grows well on <a href="/wiki/Dune_stabilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dune stabilisation">stabilized dunes</a>, exposed slopes, and bluffs near the ocean, as well as in coastal brushfields and coastal <a href="/wiki/Shore_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore pine">shore pine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sitka_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitka spruce">Sitka spruce</a> forests. Salal tolerates moderate shade and does well in sun.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It grows in a variety of soils but prefers moist sandy or peaty soils, and commonly establishes on <a href="/wiki/Nurse_log" title="Nurse log">decaying wood and stumps</a> or as an <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">epiphyte</a> in extremely humid areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conifer regeneration is typically better on sites dominated by salal than on sites dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Polystichum_munitum" title="Polystichum munitum">western swordfern</a> or <a href="/wiki/Acer_circinatum" title="Acer circinatum">vine maple</a>, although it still competes with conifer seedlings for water, nutrients, and space. There are mixed reports on its impact on <a href="/wiki/Douglas-fir" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas-fir">Douglas-fir</a> regrowth; on some sites it may hinder it, but on others it may add nutrients to the soil and actually increase conifer regeneration.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_by_animals">Use by animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use by animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leaves are <a href="/wiki/Browsing_(herbivory)" title="Browsing (herbivory)">browsed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Black-tailed_deer" title="Black-tailed deer">deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_elk" title="Roosevelt elk">elk</a>, and it is an important winter food for those species. Browsing is heaviest when other low-growing species become covered in snow; in Western Washington salal leaves composed 30.4% of deer diet by volume in January, compared to only 0.5% in June.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves have relatively low nutritional value, and deer which feed exclusively on them have shown signs of <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a>, cementing their status as a winter and emergency food for <a href="/wiki/Ungulate" title="Ungulate">ungulates</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">Beavers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/White-footed_vole" title="White-footed vole">white-footed vole</a> are known to feed on salal leaves, as are domestic <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Band-tailed_pigeon" title="Band-tailed pigeon">band-tailed pigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrentit" title="Wrentit">wrentit</a>, various species of <a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">grouse</a>, and numerous songbirds consume the fruit, as do mammals such as the <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrel" title="Red squirrel">red squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bear</a>, black-tailed deer, <a href="/wiki/Townsend%27s_chipmunk" title="Townsend's chipmunk">Townsend's chipmunk</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_squirrel" title="Douglas squirrel">Douglas squirrel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salal flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds, bees, and flies, and are browsed by deer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It provides important cover and hiding places for a variety of species, from large ungulates to small birds and mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_ecology">Fire ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fire ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salal is adapted to a <a href="/wiki/Fire_regime" title="Fire regime">fire regime</a> of infrequent fires, from intervals of 50 to 500+ years. Although aboveground portions of the plant may be consumed, rhizomes in the soil will survive and resprout after light to moderate fires. Severe fires on dry, shallow soil will penetrate into the roots and kill the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasiveness">Invasiveness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Invasiveness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It readily colonizes <a href="/wiki/Heathland" class="mw-redirect" title="Heathland">heathland</a> and acidic woodland habitats in southern England, often forming very tall and dense evergreen stands which smother other vegetation. Although heathland managers widely regard it as a problem weed on unmanaged heathland, it is readily browsed by cattle (especially in winter), so where traditional grazing management has been restored, the dense stands become broken up and the plant becomes a more scattered component of the heathland vegetation. </p><p>As an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>, salal is resistant to many <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicides</a> because of its waxy foliage, although <a href="/wiki/Garlon" class="mw-redirect" title="Garlon">Garlon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fenoprop" title="Fenoprop">Silvex</a> can be effective when properly applied. Attempts at mechanical removal may break up rhizomes and stimulate new growth, thus increasing salal cover.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salal_berries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Salal_berries.jpg/220px-Salal_berries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Salal_berries.jpg/330px-Salal_berries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Salal_berries.jpg/440px-Salal_berries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Ripe berries</figcaption></figure> <p>The dark blue berries and young leaves are edible and efficient <a href="/wiki/Appetite_suppressant" class="mw-redirect" title="Appetite suppressant">appetite suppressants</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both with a unique flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-Pojar_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pojar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The berries were a significant food resource for some Native American tribes, who ate them fresh and dried<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> them into cakes. They were also used as a <a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">sweetener</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a> used them to thicken salmon eggs. The leaves of the plant were also sometimes used to flavor fish soup.<sup id="cite_ref-Pojar_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pojar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, the berries are used locally in jams, preserves, and pies.<sup id="cite_ref-Pojar_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pojar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are often combined with <a href="/wiki/Oregon-grape" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon-grape">Oregon-grape</a> because salal's mild sweetness partially masks the former's tartness. </p><p>Salal is widely cultivated as an ornamental both within and outside of its native range, useful for ground cover and landscaping.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Pacific Northwest, the harvesting of <i>G. shallon</i> is the heart of a large industry which supplies cut evergreens worldwide for use in <a href="/wiki/Floral_arrangement" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral arrangement">floral arrangements</a>. It is used in <a href="/wiki/Native_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Native plant">native plant</a> gardens and sold as "Lemon Leaf". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicinal_properties">Medicinal properties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Medicinal properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species has been used for its medicinal properties by local natives for generations, although its medicinal uses are not widely known. The leaves have an <a href="/wiki/Astringent" title="Astringent">astringent</a> effect, making it an effective <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> and anti-cramping herb. Leaves prepared in a tea or tincture are thought to decrease internal inflammation (such as bladder inflammation), stomach or duodenal ulcers, <a href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">heartburn</a>, indigestion, sinus inflammation, diarrhea, moderate fever, inflamed/irritated throat, and menstrual cramps. A <a href="/wiki/Poultice" title="Poultice">poultice</a> of the leaf can be used externally to ease discomfort from insect bites and stings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-natureserve-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natureserve_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.134815/Gaultheria_shallon">"<i>Gaultheria shallon</i>"</a>. <i>NatureServe Explorer</i>. NatureServe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NatureServe+Explorer&rft.atitle=Gaultheria+shallon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplorer.natureserve.org%2FTaxon%2FELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.134815%2FGaultheria_shallon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaultheria+shallon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/gausha/all.html#BOTANICAL%20AND%20ECOLOGICAL%20CHARACTERISTICS">"Gaultheria shallon"</a>. <i>www.fs.fed.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fs.fed.us&rft.atitle=Gaultheria+shallon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fdatabase%2Ffeis%2Fplants%2Fshrub%2Fgausha%2Fall.html%23BOTANICAL%2520AND%2520ECOLOGICAL%2520CHARACTERISTICS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaultheria+shallon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pojar-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pojar_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pojar_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pojar_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pojar_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pojar_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pojar_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlabackAntosGowardLertzman2004" class="citation book cs1">Alaback, Paul; Antos, Joe; Goward, Trevor; Lertzman, Ken; MacKinnon, Andy; Pojar, Jim; Pojar, Rosamund; Reed, Andrew; Turner, Nancy; Vitt, Dale (2004). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SuperFoodly&rft.atitle=The+salal+berries+health+benefits+that+make+them+a+must+eat&rft.date=2023-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuperfoodly.com%2Fthe-salal-berries-health-benefits-that-make-them-a-must-eat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaultheria+shallon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFagan2019" class="citation book cs1">Fagan, Damian (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1073035766"><i>Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert</i></a>. Guilford, CT: <a href="/wiki/FalconGuides" class="mw-redirect" title="FalconGuides">FalconGuides</a>. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-3633-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-3633-2"><bdi>978-1-4930-3633-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1073035766">1073035766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wildflowers+of+Oregon%3A+A+Field+Guide+to+Over+400+Wildflowers%2C+Trees%2C+and+Shrubs+of+the+Coast%2C+Cascades%2C+and+High+Desert&rft.place=Guilford%2C+CT&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=FalconGuides&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1073035766&rft.isbn=978-1-4930-3633-2&rft.aulast=Fagan&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1073035766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaultheria+shallon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClarke1978" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Charlotte Bringle (1978). <i>Edible and Useful Plants of California</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03267-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03267-5"><bdi>978-0-520-03267-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edible+and+Useful+Plants+of+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03267-5&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Charlotte+Bringle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaultheria+shallon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoore1993" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Michael (1993). <i>Medicinal Plants of the Pacific West</i>. illustrated by Mimi Kamp. Red Crane Books, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-878610-31-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-878610-31-7"><bdi>1-878610-31-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicinal+Plants+of+the+Pacific+West&rft.pub=Red+Crane+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-878610-31-7&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaultheria+shallon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers5326" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers5326" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Gaultheria shallon</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941600" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q941600">Q941600</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Gaultheria shallon">Gaultheria shallon</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id212527">212527</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Calflora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=3755">3755</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3FF2X">3FF2X</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/582116">582116</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/GAHSH">GAHSH</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/169494">169494</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FEIS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/shrub/gausha/all.html">gausha</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250065702">250065702</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2882758">2882758</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=366">366</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/48441">48441</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/317388-2">317388-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10912900">10912900</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/24761">24761</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=23658">23658</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.134815/">2.134815</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000003896">NBNSYS0000003896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=73102">73102</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/95864c99-9814-46de-a926-3dad34fec34b">95864c99-9814-46de-a926-3dad34fec34b</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Plant_Conservation_Network" title="New Zealand Plant Conservation Network">NZPCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=3991">3991</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/6820/">6820</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=458658">458658</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Gaultheria+shallon">Gaultheria shallon</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2818048">kew-2818048</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/GASH">GASH</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A317388-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317388-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7686/wd/Details">7686</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/12302442">12302442</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/5521">5521</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000695411">wfo-0000695411</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&oldid=1258979041">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaultheria_shallon&oldid=1258979041</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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