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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archival_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archival_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Archival collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archival_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">F. Sherwood Rowland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فرانك شيروود رولاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانك شيروود رولاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenk_%C5%9Eervud_Roulend" title="Frenk Şervud Roulend – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frenk Şervud Roulend" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فرانک رولند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانک رولند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="শেরউড রোল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শেরউড রোল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Шэрвуд Роўланд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шэрвуд Роўланд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Шерууд Роуланд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шерууд Роуланд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" title="Sherwood Rowland – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فرانک رولند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانک رولند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="F. Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="F. Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%AC_%EC%85%94%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C_%EB%A1%A4%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C" title="프랭크 셔우드 롤런드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랭크 셔우드 롤런드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="פרנק שרווד רולנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנק שרווד רולנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" title="Sherwood Rowland – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Franciscus Sherwood Rowland – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രാങ്ക് ഷെർവുഡ് റൗലൻഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാങ്ക് ഷെർവുഡ് റൗലൻഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="შერვუდ როულენდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შერვუდ როულენდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فرانك شيروود رولاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانك شيروود رولاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="فرانک رولند – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانک رولند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="F. Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="フランク・シャーウッド・ローランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランク・シャーウッド・ローランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="فرینک شروڈ رالینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرینک شروڈ رالینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4,_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Роуленд, Шервуд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Роуленд, Шервуд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="F. Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="F. Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="F. Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பிராங்க் செர்வுட் ரோலண்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிராங்க் செர்வுட் ரோலண்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D3%99%D2%A3%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Фрәңк Шервуд Роуленд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фрәңк Шервуд Роуленд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" title="Sherwood Rowland – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Шервуд Роуленд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шервуд Роуленд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="فرانک شروڈ رولینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانک شروڈ رولینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Frank Sherwood Rowland" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" 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searchaux" style="display:none">American chemist (1927–2012)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Australian cricketer, see <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rowland_(cricketer)" title="Frank Rowland (cricketer)">Frank Rowland (cricketer)</a>. For the American politician, see <a href="/wiki/Frank_L._Rowland" title="Frank L. Rowland">Frank L. Rowland</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Frank Sherwood Rowland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:F._Sherwood_Rowland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/F._Sherwood_Rowland.jpg/220px-F._Sherwood_Rowland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/F._Sherwood_Rowland.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="335" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Rowland at the inaugural <a href="/wiki/World_Science_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="World Science Summit">World Science Summit</a>, May 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-06-28</span>)</span>June 28, 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Delaware,_Ohio" title="Delaware, Ohio">Delaware, Ohio</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 10, 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-03-10)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Wesleyan_University" title="Ohio Wesleyan University">Ohio Wesleyan University</a> (BA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (PhD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a> research</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">ForMemRS</a> (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frs2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle_Medal" title="Roger Revelle Medal">Roger Revelle Medal</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye_Award" title="Peter Debye Award">Peter Debye Award</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Prize" title="Japan Prize">Japan Prize</a> (1989)<sup id="cite_ref-jp_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Prize_for_Environmental_Achievement" title="Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement">Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolman_Award" title="Tolman Award">Tolman Award</a> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43858348">The epithermal reactions of recoil atoms</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1952)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frank Sherwood "Sherry"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rowland</b> (June 28, 1927 – March 10, 2012) was an American <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel laureate</a> and a professor of <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>. His research was on <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry" title="Atmospheric chemistry">atmospheric chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_kinetics" title="Chemical kinetics">chemical kinetics</a>. His best-known work was the discovery that <a href="/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon" title="Chlorofluorocarbon">chlorofluorocarbons</a> contribute to <a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">ozone depletion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_life">Education and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Delaware,_Ohio" title="Delaware, Ohio">Delaware, Ohio</a>, Rowland received a majority of his education in public schools and, due to accelerated promotion was able to graduate high school several weeks before his 16th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-NLC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the summers during his high school career, Frank was entrusted to run the local weather service station. This was Rowland's first exposure to systematic experimentation and data collection. After entering <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Wesleyan_University" title="Ohio Wesleyan University">Ohio Wesleyan University</a>, Rowland was about to graduate shortly before his 18th birthday. Instead, he was enlisted to the Navy to train radar operators. Rowland was discharged after 14 months as a non commissioned officer. After entering the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, Rowland was assigned <a href="/wiki/Willard_F._Libby" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard F. Libby">Willard F. Libby</a> as a mentor and began to study radiochemistry. Rowland's thesis was about the chemical state of cyclotron-produced radioactive bromine atoms. Rowland received his B.A. from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1948. He then earned his M.S. in 1951 and his Ph.D. in 1952, both from the University of Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_research">Career and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rowland held academic posts at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (1952–56) and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a> (1956–64) before becoming a professor of chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, in 1964. At Irvine in the early 1970s he began working with <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a>. Rowland was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1978<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as a president of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1993. His best-known work was the discovery that chlorofluorocarbons contribute to ozone depletion. Rowland theorized that man made organic compound gases will decompose as a result of solar radiation in the stratosphere, releasing atoms of chlorine which react with oxygen (ozone) to form chlorine monoxide, and that they are individually able to destroy large numbers of ozone molecules. It was obvious that Rowland had a good idea of what was occurring at higher altitudes when he stated "...I knew that such a molecule could not remain inert in the atmosphere forever, if only because solar photochemistry at high altitudes would break it down".<sup id="cite_ref-NLC_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rowland's research, first published in <i>Nature</i> magazine in 1974, initiated a scientific investigation of the problem. In 1978, a first ban on CFC-based aerosols in spray cans was issued in the United States. The actual production did however not stop and was soon on the old levels. It took till the 1980s to allow for a global regulation policy. </p><p>Rowland performed many measurements of the atmosphere. One experiment included collecting air samples at various cities and locations around the globe to determine CCl<sub>3</sub>F North-South mixing. By measuring the concentrations at different latitudes, Rowland was able to see that CCl<sub>3</sub>F was mixing between hemispheres quite rapidly. The same measurement was repeated 8 years later, and the results showed a steady increase in CCl<sub>3</sub>F concentrations. Rowland's work also showed how the density of the ozone layer varied by season increasing in November and decreasing until April where it levels out for the summer only to increase in November. Data gained throughout successive years showed that although the pattern was consistent, the overall ozone levels were dropping. Rowland and his colleagues interacted both with the public and the political side and suggested various solutions, which allowed to step wise reduce the CFC impact. CFC emissions were regulated first within Canada, the United States, Sweden and Norway. In the 1980s, the Vienna Agreement and the Montreal Protocol allowed for global regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-NLC_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UC_Irvine_Rowland_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/UC_Irvine_Rowland_Hall.jpg/220px-UC_Irvine_Rowland_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/UC_Irvine_Rowland_Hall.jpg/330px-UC_Irvine_Rowland_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/UC_Irvine_Rowland_Hall.jpg/440px-UC_Irvine_Rowland_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Rowland Hall at the University of California, Irvine is named after Rowland.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F._Sherwood_Rowland_and_John_Wiley_Jones,_RIT_NandE_1975_Nov3_Complete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F._Sherwood_Rowland_and_John_Wiley_Jones%2C_RIT_NandE_1975_Nov3_Complete.jpg/220px-F._Sherwood_Rowland_and_John_Wiley_Jones%2C_RIT_NandE_1975_Nov3_Complete.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F._Sherwood_Rowland_and_John_Wiley_Jones%2C_RIT_NandE_1975_Nov3_Complete.jpg/330px-F._Sherwood_Rowland_and_John_Wiley_Jones%2C_RIT_NandE_1975_Nov3_Complete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F._Sherwood_Rowland_and_John_Wiley_Jones%2C_RIT_NandE_1975_Nov3_Complete.jpg/440px-F._Sherwood_Rowland_and_John_Wiley_Jones%2C_RIT_NandE_1975_Nov3_Complete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1019" /></a><figcaption>Rowland (left) receives an award from the <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Institute_of_Technology" title="Rochester Institute of Technology">Rochester Institute of Technology</a> in 1975.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rowland won numerous awards for his work: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolman_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolman Medal">Tolman Medal</a>, 1976</li> <li>Elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard_Lectureship_Award" title="Leo Szilard Lectureship Award">Leo Szilard Lectureship Award</a>, 1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Prize_for_Environmental_Achievement" title="Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement">Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement</a>, 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Prize" title="Japan Prize">Japan Prize</a>, 1989</li> <li>Honorary Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) degree from <a href="/wiki/Whittier_College" title="Whittier College">Whittier College</a>, 1989<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye_Award" title="Peter Debye Award">Peter Debye Award</a>, 1993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science</a>, 1994<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle_Medal" title="Roger Revelle Medal">Roger Revelle Medal</a>, 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>, 1995</li> <li>Elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> (1995)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>, 1996<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/UC_Irvine_physical_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Irvine physical sciences">UC Irvine physical sciences</a> building was named after Rowland. A bust of Rowland is visible in the lobby.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elected a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2004">Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2004</a><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frs2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Rowland">Mount Rowland</a> in Antarctica was named after him in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a> Wing At <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes_High_School_(Delaware,_Ohio)" title="Rutherford B. Hayes High School (Delaware, Ohio)">Rutherford B. Hayes High School</a> in Delaware, Ohio named in his honor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frank Rowland was the father of art historian <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingrid Rowland">Ingrid Rowland</a> and Jeff Rowland. He had two granddaughters. After suffering from a short bout of ill health, Rowland died on March 10, 2012, of complications from <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon hearing the news, renowned chemist and good friend Mario J. Molina stated: "Sherry was a prime influence throughout my career and had inspired me and many others to walk in the shadow of his greatness".<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/">"Fellows of the Royal Society"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. 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Sherwood Rowland, 84, Dies; Raised Alarm Over Aerosols"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=F.+Sherwood+Rowland%2C+84%2C+Dies%3B+Raised+Alarm+Over+Aerosols&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.aulast=Barringer&rft.aufirst=Felicity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F13%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Ff-sherwood-rowland-84-dies-raised-alarm-over-aerosols.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF.+Sherwood+Rowland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" class="extiw" title="q:Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Technical Reports: </b> </p> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6646534-radiochemistry-research-progress-report-october-september">Radiochemistry Research: Progress Report, October 1, 1974 to September 30, 1975"</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>), (1975).</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6607773-research-chemical-kinetics-progress-report-january-september">Research in Chemical Kinetics: Progress Report, January 1, 1978 to September 30, 1978"</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>, (1978).</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/656622-research-chemical-kinetics-annual-report">Research in Chemical Kinetics. Annual Report, 1993"</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>, (1993).</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/656623-research-chemical-kinetics-annual-report">Research in Chemical Kinetics. Annual Report, 1994"</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>, (June 1, 1994).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archival_collections">Archival collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Archival collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt638nf52f">F. Sherwood Rowland Papers.</a> Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/rowland-f-sherwood.pdf">B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, D. R. Blake and A. R. "Ravi" Ravishankara, "F. Sherwood Rowland", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2022)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Sherwood_Rowland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/119">CFCs, Ozone Depletion and Global Warming</a> Freeview video interview with F.Sherwood Rowland provided by the Vega Science Trust.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/283">F. Sherwood Rowland</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111190#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> including the Nobel Lecture on December 8, 1995</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocregister.com/news/rowland-344152-ozone-nobel.html">UCI Nobel winner F. Sherwood 'Sherry' Rowland dies at 84</a> Orange County</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/mar/12/ozone-layer-scientist-dies">Ozone layer scientist who 'saved the world' dies</a> Guardian</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/professor-sherwood-rowland-scientist-who-helped-establish-cfcs-harmful-effects-7563067.html">Obituary</a> in The Independent by Marcus Williamson</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersenConzalez2012" class="citation journal cs1">Andersen, Stephen O.; Conzalez, Marco (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2FPT.3.1759">"Frank Sherwood Rowland"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>65</b> (10): 70. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhT....65j..70A">2012PhT....65j..70A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2FPT.3.1759">10.1063/PT.3.1759</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Frank+Sherwood+Rowland&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=70&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2FPT.3.1759&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PhT....65j..70A&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Stephen+O.&rft.au=Conzalez%2C+Marco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252FPT.3.1759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF.+Sherwood+Rowland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1995_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1995_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1995 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1995_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1995 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1995_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1995 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1995_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1995 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario J. Molina</a> (Mexico)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Sherwood Rowland</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a> (Ireland)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a> (United Kingdom/Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert Lucas Jr.</a> (United States)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1990_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1990 Nobel Prize winners">1990</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1991_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1991 Nobel Prize winners">1991</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1992_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1992 Nobel Prize winners">1992</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1993_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1993 Nobel Prize winners">1993</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1994 Nobel Prize winners">1994</a></dd> <dd><b>1995 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1996_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1996 Nobel Prize winners">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1997_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1997 Nobel Prize winners">1997</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1998_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1998 Nobel Prize winners">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1999_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1999 Nobel Prize winners">1999</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2000 Nobel Prize winners">2000</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Template:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Template talk:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Bressani" title="Ricardo Bressani">Ricardo Bressani</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Stumm" title="Werner Stumm">Werner Stumm</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">Monokombu Sambasivan Swaminathan</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kamen" title="Martin Kamen">Martin Kamen</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Nossal" title="Gustav Nossal">Gustav Nossal</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Fleckenstein" title="Albrecht Fleckenstein">Albrecht Fleckenstein</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_U._Lemieux" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond U. Lemieux">Raymond U. Lemieux</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Javan" title="Ali Javan">Ali Javan</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherwood Rowland">Sherwood Rowland</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Jasper" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert H. Jasper">Herbert H. Jasper</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Jeffreys" title="Alec Jeffreys">Alec Jeffreys</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Ghuysen" title="Jean-Marie Ghuysen">Jean-Marie Ghuysen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Goldman" title="Charles R. Goldman">Charles R. Goldman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fenner" title="Frank Fenner">Frank Fenner</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Birbaumer" title="Niels Birbaumer">Niels Birbaumer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Janzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Janzen">Daniel H. Janzen</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_J._Cicerone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph J. Cicerone">Ralph J. Cicerone</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Houghton" class="mw-redirect" title="John T. Houghton">John T. Houghton</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Montaner" title="Julio Montaner">Julio Montaner</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ozin" title="Geoffrey Ozin">Geoffrey Ozin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gr%C3%A4tzel" title="Michael Grätzel">Michael Grätzel</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Cohen_(British_biochemist)" title="Philip Cohen (British biochemist)">Philip Cohen</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewine_van_Dishoeck" title="Ewine van Dishoeck">Ewine van Dishoeck</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_M._Yaghi" title="Omar M. Yaghi">Omar M. Yaghi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Changeux" title="Jean-Pierre Changeux">Jean-Pierre Changeux</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Lin_Wang" title="Zhong Lin Wang">Zhong Lin Wang</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japan_Prize_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_Prize" title="Template:Japan Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japan_Prize" title="Template talk:Japan Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japan_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japan Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japan_Prize_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Prize" title="Japan Prize">Japan Prize</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Pierce" title="John R. Pierce">John R. Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Katchalski-Katzir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir">Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turnbull_(materials_scientist)" title="David Turnbull (materials scientist)">David Turnbull</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willem_J._Kolff" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem J. Kolff">Willem J. Kolff</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beachell" title="Henry Beachell">Henry Beachell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gurdev_Khush" title="Gurdev Khush">Gurdev Khush</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Maiman" title="Theodore Maiman">Theodore Maiman</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vendryes" title="Georges Vendryes">Georges Vendryes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald Henderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isao_Arita" title="Isao Arita">Isao Arita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Fenner" title="Frank Fenner">Frank Fenner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gallo" title="Robert Gallo">Robert Gallo</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Jason_Morgan" title="W. Jason Morgan">W. Jason Morgan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dan_McKenzie_(geophysicist)" title="Dan McKenzie (geophysicist)">Dan McKenzie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Le_Pichon" title="Xavier Le Pichon">Xavier Le Pichon</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_Lions" title="Jacques-Louis Lions">Jacques-Louis Lions</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_J._Wild" title="John J. Wild">John J. Wild</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_John_Christopher_Polge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest John Christopher Polge">Ernest John Christopher Polge</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kary_B._Mullis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kary B. Mullis">Kary B. Mullis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Pickering_(rocket_scientist)" title="Bill Pickering (rocket scientist)">William Hayward Pickering</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a> Jr. / <a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Knipling" title="Edward F. Knipling">Edward F. Knipling</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masao_Ito" title="Masao Ito">Masao Ito</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Sugimura" title="Takashi Sugimura">Takashi Sugimura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Engelberger" title="Joseph Engelberger">Joseph Engelberger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Yoshikawa" title="Hiroyuki Yoshikawa">Hiroyuki Yoshikawa</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Schell" title="Jozef Schell">Jozef Schell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marc_Van_Montagu" title="Marc Van Montagu">Marc Van Montagu</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Wesley_Peterson" title="W. Wesley Peterson">W. Wesley Peterson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Strominger" title="Jack L. Strominger">Jack L. Strominger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Don_Craig_Wiley" title="Don Craig Wiley">Don Craig Wiley</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McHarg" title="Ian McHarg">Ian McHarg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kimishige_Ishizaka" title="Kimishige Ishizaka">Kimishige Ishizaka</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/Timothy_R._Parsons" title="Timothy R. Parsons">Timothy R. Parsons</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_McLaren" title="Anne McLaren">Anne McLaren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Tarkowski" title="Andrzej Tarkowski">Andrzej Tarkowski</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot" title="Benoit Mandelbrot">Benoit Mandelbrot</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_A._Yorke" title="James A. Yorke">James A. Yorke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Seiji_Ogawa" title="Seiji Ogawa">Seiji Ogawa</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Honda" title="Kenichi Honda">Kenichi Honda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Fujishima" title="Akira Fujishima">Akira Fujishima</a> / Keith J. Sainsbury / <a href="/wiki/John_Lawton_(biologist)" title="John Lawton (biologist)">John H. Lawton</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makoto_Nagao" title="Makoto Nagao">Makoto Nagao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Takeichi" title="Masatoshi Takeichi">Masatoshi Takeichi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Erkki_Ruoslahti" title="Erkki Ruoslahti">Erkki Ruoslahti</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Houghton_(physicist)" title="John Houghton (physicist)">John Houghton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Endo_(biochemist)" title="Akira Endo (biochemist)">Akira Endo</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shaw_Ashton" title="Peter Shaw Ashton">Peter Shaw Ashton</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Kahn (computer scientist)">Robert E. Kahn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Meadows" title="Dennis Meadows">Dennis Meadows</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_E._Kuhl" title="David E. Kuhl">David E. Kuhl</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shun-ichi_Iwasaki" title="Shun-ichi Iwasaki">Shun-ichi Iwasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Vitousek" title="Peter Vitousek">Peter Vitousek</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tadamitsu_Kishimoto" title="Tadamitsu Kishimoto">Tadamitsu Kishimoto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshio_Hirano" title="Toshio Hirano">Toshio Hirano</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Druker" title="Brian Druker">Brian Druker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Lydon" title="Nicholas Lydon">Nicholas Lydon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masato_Sagawa" title="Masato Sagawa">Masato Sagawa</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Grant_Willson" title="C. Grant Willson">C. Grant Willson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fr%C3%A9chet" title="Jean Fréchet">Jean Fréchet</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Frederick_Grassle" title="J. Frederick Grassle">John Frederick Grassle</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuharu_Suematsu" title="Yasuharu Suematsu">Yasuharu Suematsu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_David_Allis" title="Charles David Allis">C. David Allis</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutaka_Takahasi" title="Yutaka Takahasi">Yutaka Takahasi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Friedmann" title="Theodore Friedmann">Theodore Friedmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alain_Fischer" title="Alain Fischer">Alain Fischer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideo_Hosono" title="Hideo Hosono">Hideo Hosono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_D._Tanksley" title="Steven D. Tanksley">Steven D. Tanksley</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">Adi Shamir</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Max_Dale_Cooper" title="Max Dale Cooper">Max Dale Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Miller" title="Jacques Miller">Jacques Miller</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshio_Okamoto" title="Yoshio Okamoto">Yoshio Okamoto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rattan_Lal" title="Rattan Lal">Rattan Lal</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Gallager" title="Robert G. Gallager">Robert G. Gallager</a> / <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Green_(professor)" title="Martin Green (professor)">Martin A. Green</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein" title="Bert Vogelstein">Bert Vogelstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert A. Weinberg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Field" title="Christopher Field">Christopher Field</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masataka_Nakazawa" title="Masataka Nakazawa">Masataka Nakazawa</a> / Kazuo Hagimoto / <a href="/wiki/Gero_Miesenb%C3%B6ck" title="Gero Miesenböck">Gero Miesenböck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Deisseroth" title="Karl Deisseroth">Karl Deisseroth</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hoskins" title="Brian Hoskins">Brian Hoskins</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Wallace" title="John Michael Wallace">John Michael Wallace</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Evans" title="Ronald M. Evans">Ronald M. Evans</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2004" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_2004" title="Template:FRS 2004"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_2004" title="Template talk:FRS 2004"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_2004" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 2004"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2004" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2004">in 2004</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samson_Abramsky" title="Samson Abramsky">Samson Abramsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Barrett_(ecologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencer Barrett (ecologist)">Spencer Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Besag" title="Julian Besag">Julian Besag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Birkhead" title="Tim Birkhead">Tim Birkhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bobrow" title="Martin Bobrow">Martin Bobrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donal_Bradley" title="Donal Bradley">Donal Bradley</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166630" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166630">Malcolm Brown</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Catlow" title="Richard Catlow">Richard Catlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Clark_(doctor)" title="Graeme Clark (doctor)">Graeme Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Conway" title="Gordon Conway">Gordon Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennox_Cowie" title="Lennox Cowie">Lennox Cowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cullis" title="Anthony Cullis">Anthony Cullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partha_Dasgupta" title="Partha Dasgupta">Partha Dasgupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Day_(statistician)" title="Nick Day (statistician)">Nick Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Dean" title="Caroline Dean">Caroline Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Dockray" title="Graham Dockray">Graham Dockray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Durbin" title="Richard M. Durbin">Richard M. Durbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._A._Epstein" title="David B. A. Epstein">David B. A. Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Evan" title="Gerard Evan">Gerard Evan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland_Finlay" title="Bland Finlay">Bland Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fleck" title="Norman Fleck">Norman Fleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Frenk" title="Carlos Frenk">Carlos Frenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_C._Gibson" title="Vernon C. Gibson">Vernon C. Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Gladden" title="Lynn Gladden">Lynn Gladden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Grenfell" title="Bryan Grenfell">Bryan Grenfell</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166044" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166044">Stephen Edgar Halford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Hamilton" title="Andrew D. Hamilton">Andrew D. Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hinds" title="Edward Hinds">Edward Hinds</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165912" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165912">David William Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kemp_(physicist)" title="David Kemp (physicist)">David Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Longair" title="Malcolm Longair">Malcolm Longair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Martin_(physicist)" title="Alan Martin (physicist)">Alan Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._B._Mitchell" title="John F. B. Mitchell">John F. B. Mitchell</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166572" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166572">William Motherwell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Preiss" title="David Preiss">David Preiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Pyle" title="John A. Pyle">John A. Pyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_V._Robinson" title="Carol V. Robinson">Carol V. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Rothwell" title="Nancy Rothwell">Nancy Rothwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Henry_Solomon" title="David Henry Solomon">David Henry Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_St_George-Hyslop" title="Peter St George-Hyslop">Peter St George-Hyslop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Stringer" title="Chris Stringer">Chris Stringer</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165903" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165903">David Tollervey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wald" title="Nicholas Wald">Nicholas Wald</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165747" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165747">Dale Brian Wigley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15439476" class="extiw" title="d:Q15439476">K. Frank Austen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Lubchenco" title="Jane Lubchenco">Jane Lubchenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Meyerowitz" title="Elliot Meyerowitz">Elliot Meyerowitz</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Parrinello" title="Michele Parrinello">Michele Parrinello</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111190#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110825872">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/188235611">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/228718/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxmC9RvQ8hGv8ywDHMdcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/188506896">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88060018">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349931q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349931q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p229719244">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7006232889">Scopus</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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