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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arabisme" title="Pan-Arabisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pan-Arabisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وحدة عربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدة عربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabismo" title="Panarabismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Panarabismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="সর্ব-আরববাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সর্ব-আরববাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панарабізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панарабізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Панарабизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панарабизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabisme" title="Panarabisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panarabisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabismus" title="Panarabismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panarabismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabisme" title="Panarabisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panarabisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabismus" title="Panarabismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panarabismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabism" title="Panarabism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panarabism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Παναραβισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παναραβισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabismo" title="Panarabismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Panarabismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutarabismo" title="Tutarabismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tutarabismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabismo" title="Panarabismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panarabismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="پان‌عربیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پان‌عربیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabisme" title="Panarabisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Panarabisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabismo" title="Panarabismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Panarabismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="범아랍주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="범아랍주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabizam" title="Panarabizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Panarabizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabismo" title="Panarabismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Panarabismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="פאן-ערביות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאן-ערביות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პანარაბიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანარაბიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панарабизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панарабизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panar%C4%81bisms" title="Panarābisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panarābisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პანარაბიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პანარაბიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="العروبه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العروبه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabisme" title="Panarabisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panarabisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%8E%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="汎アラブ主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="汎アラブ主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabisme" title="Panarabisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panarabisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabisme" title="Panarabisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Panarabisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabizm" title="Panarabizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panarabizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-arabismo" title="Pan-arabismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pan-arabismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalismul_Islamic_Pan-Arab" title="Naționalismul Islamic Pan-Arab – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Naționalismul Islamic Pan-Arab" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панарабизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панарабизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabizmi" title="Panarabizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Panarabizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pan-Arabism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabsk%C3%A9_hnutie" title="Panarabské hnutie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panarabské hnutie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="پان عەرەبیزم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پان عەرەبیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Панарабизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панарабизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabizam" title="Panarabizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panarabizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabialaisuus" title="Panarabialaisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panarabialaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panarabism" title="Panarabism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panarabism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Arabizm" title="Pan Arabizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pan Arabizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панарабізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панарабізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="泛阿拉伯主义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泛阿拉伯主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ideology espousing the unification of the Arab world</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arab_world_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Arab_world_location_map.svg/264px-Arab_world_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Arab_world_location_map.svg/396px-Arab_world_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Arab_world_location_map.svg/528px-Arab_world_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1082" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/264px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/396px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/528px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Flag of the Arab Revolt">flag of the Arab Revolt</a> was originally used against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Turks</a>, and remains a prominent symbol of Pan-Arabism. The design and <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">colours</a> are the basis of many modern <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_flags" title="List of Arab flags">Arab states' flags</a>. </figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt_without_eagle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Egypt_without_eagle.svg/264px-Flag_of_Egypt_without_eagle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Egypt_without_eagle.svg/396px-Flag_of_Egypt_without_eagle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Egypt_without_eagle.svg/528px-Flag_of_Egypt_without_eagle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of <a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a> associated with Pan-Arabism</figcaption></figure> <style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle fn org country-name adr"><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arab_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Arab_world.svg/100px-Arab_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Arab_world.svg/150px-Arab_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Arab_world.svg/200px-Arab_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Political Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria"> Syrian Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_and_humanitarian_efforts_in_the_Somali_Civil_War#Arab_League" title="Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts in the Somali Civil War"> Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict#Arab_League" title="Western Sahara conflict"> Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict"> Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Arabism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Weapons of mass destruction</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Egypt and weapons of mass destruction"> Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction"> Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Libya and weapons of mass destruction"> Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Syria and weapons of mass destruction"> Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Arab_world" title="Geography of the Arab world">Geography</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Regions</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile"> Nile Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">Eastern Arabia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bab-el-Mandeb" title="Bab-el-Mandeb">Bab-el-Mandeb</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Deserts</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Desert" title="Arabian Desert">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dahna_Desert" title="Ad-Dahna Desert">ad-Dahna</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"> Governance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Arab_League" title="Charter of the Arab League"> Founding Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Charter_on_Human_Rights" title="Arab Charter on Human Rights"> Human Rights Charter</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Arab_League" title="Secretary General of the Arab League"> Secretary General</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Aboul_Gheit" title="Ahmed Aboul Gheit">Ahmed Aboul Gheit</a>) </span> </div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_Arab_League" title="Institutions of the Arab League"> Institutions</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Arab_League" title="Council of the Arab League"> Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League#Summits" title="Arab League"> Summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Parliament" title="Arab Parliament"> Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Unity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Arab leaders</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia"> King Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan"> King Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi"> Fattah el-Sisi</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Ideology</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_International_Theory" title="Third International Theory">Third International Theory</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Anti-Shi'ism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world"> Antisemitism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union"> Attempts at political union</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Political_Command" title="Unified Political Command">Unified Political Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)"> Union of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Hussein%27s_federation_plan" title="King Hussein's federation plan"> United Arab Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Organizational unions</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council"> Cooperation Council for the<br />Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Multilateral</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#ASEAN" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Arab League–European Union relations"> European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#Latin_America" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Latin America</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Bilateral</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#Brazil" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations"> China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Eritrean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Eritrean relations"> Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#France" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#India" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#Eritrea" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Arab League–Iran relations"> Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#Israel" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab–Pakistan relations"> Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#Turkey" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93American_relations" title="Arab–American relations"> United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#Uzbekistan" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League#Venezuela" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League"> Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Arab_League" title="Military of the Arab League"> Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Arab_League#List_of_Arab_League_member_states_by_military_expenditure" title="Military of the Arab League"> Expenditure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Joint defence</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Defence_Council_(Arab_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Defence Council (Arab League)"> Joint Defence Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Command" title="United Arab Command">United Arab Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Shield_Force" title="Peninsula Shield Force"> Peninsula Shield</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Organization_for_Industrialization" title="Arab Organization for Industrialization"> Arab Organization for<br />Industrialization (AOI)</a></div></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Arab_League" title="Economy of the Arab League"> Economy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Council_(Arab_League)" title="Economic and Social Council (Arab League)"> Economic and Social Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Arab_Economic_Unity" title="Council of Arab Economic Unity"> Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Monetary_Fund" title="Arab Monetary Fund">Arab Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Fund_for_Economic_and_Social_Development" title="Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development"> Arab Fund for Economic and<br />Social Development (AFESD)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Arab_Economic_Unity#Greater_Arab_Free_Trade_Area" title="Council of Arab Economic Unity"> Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Chambers_of_Commerce,_Industry_and_Agriculture_for_Arab_Countries" title="General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture for Arab Countries"> Chambers of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Customs_Union" title="Arab Customs Union">Arab Customs Union</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/International_Confederation_of_Arab_Trade_Unions" title="International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions"> International Confederation of<br />Arab Trade Unions (ICATU)</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Trade_Unions_and_Labor_Societies" title="Federation of Arab Trade Unions and Labor Societies"> Federation of Arab Trade Unions<br />and Labor Societies (FATULS)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualifying_industrial_zone" title="Qualifying industrial zone"> Qualifying Industrial Zone (QIZ)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Transportation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Air_Carriers%27_Organization" title="Arab Air Carriers' Organization"> Aviation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Railways</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin%E2%80%93Baghdad_railway" title="Berlin–Baghdad railway"> Berlin–Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_railway" title="Hejaz railway"> Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONCF" title="ONCF">ONCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Railways" title="Palestine Railways"> Palestine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Bridges</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ittihad_Bridge" title="Al Ittihad Bridge"> Dubai Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Bahrain_Causeway" title="Qatar–Bahrain Causeway">Qatar–Bahrain Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Fahd_Causeway" title="King Fahd Causeway">King Fahd Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Rashid_bin_Saeed_Crossing" title="Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing">Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Egypt_Causeway" title="Saudi–Egypt Causeway">Saudi–Egypt Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_the_Horns" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge of the Horns">Bridge of the Horns</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture"> Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Media</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Satellite_Communications_Organization" title="Arab Satellite Communications Organization"> Arab-SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilesat" title="Nilesat"> Nile-SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Media_Group" title="Arab Media Group">Arab Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Television_Network" title="Arabian Television Network">Arabian Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_International_Media_Services" title="Arab International Media Services">Arab International Media Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network"> Al Jazeera</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="Arab Capital of Culture">Arab Capital of Culture</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Arab Capital of Culture"> Algiers (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="2008 Arab Capital of Culture"> Jerusalem (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="2009 Arab Capital of Culture"> Damascus (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Arab_Capital_of_Culture" title="2010 Arab Capital of Culture"> Doha (2010)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic"> Arabic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine"> Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art"> Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature"> Literature</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27allaqat" title="Mu'allaqat">Mu'allaqat</a></i>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_culture#Dress" title="Arab culture"> Dress</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_Arab_League" title="Sport policies of the Arab League"> Sport</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Arab_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Arab Games">Pan Arab Games</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/UAFA_Arab_Champions_League" class="mw-redirect" title="UAFA Arab Champions League"> Arab Champions League</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Arab_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="Arab Cup Winners' Cup"> Cup Winners' Cup</a>)</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_Cup" title="Arabian Gulf Cup">Arabian Gulf Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIFA_Arab_Cup" title="FIFA Arab Cup"> Arab Cup</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;border-top:1px solid #006233;font-size:110%;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Arab_world" title="Demographics of the Arab world"> Demographics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Middle_East" title="Religion in the Middle East"> Religion</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims"> Muslims</a> (majority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians"> Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Jews" title="Arab Jews"> Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaks" title="Shabaks">Shabaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Arab_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism in Arab states"> Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Arab_world#Arab_world_populations" title="Demographics of the Arab world"> Ethnicities</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubians" title="Nubians">Nubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Arab_world#Arab_world_populations" title="Demographics of the Arab world"> other</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arab_diaspora" title="Arab diaspora">Arab diaspora</a></b></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i>Lifestyles</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_Arabs" title="Marsh Arabs">Marsh Arabs</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Arab_world#Language" title="Demographics of the Arab world">Language</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (majority)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_languages" title="Nubian languages">Nubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #006233;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_world" title="Template:Arab world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_world" title="Template talk:Arab world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pan-Arabism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الوحدة العربية</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-wiḥda al-ʿarabiyyah</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">pan-nationalist</a> ideology that espouses the unification of all <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab people</a> in a single <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation-state</a>, consisting of all Arab countries of <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, which is referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is closely connected to <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a>, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and its popularity reached its height during the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused <a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialist</a> principles and strongly <a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">opposed the political involvement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a> in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances and, to a lesser extent, economic co-operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Continuum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continuum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_development">Origins and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Arabism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of pan-Arabism are often attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Nahda" title="Nahda">Nahda</a> (Arab awakening or enlightenment) movement that flourished in the Arab regions of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A prominent figure was <a href="/wiki/Jurji_Zaydan" title="Jurji Zaydan">Jurji Zaydan</a> (1861–1914), who played a key role in laying the intellectual foundation for Pan-Arabism.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zaydan had critical influence on acceptance of a modernized version of the Quranic Arabic language (<a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a>) as the universal written and official language throughout the Arab world, instead of adoption of <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">local dialects</a> in the various countries. Zaydan wrote several articles during the early 20th century which emphasized that Arabic-speaking regions stretching from the Maghreb to the Persian Gulf constitute one people with a shared national consciousness and that this linguistic bond trumped religious, racial and specific territorial bonds, inspired in part by his status as a <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a> Christian <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigré</a> in 19th century Egypt. He also popularized through his historical novels a secular understanding of Arab history encompassing the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods into a shared history that all Arabs could claim as their own. As a political project, pan-Arabism was first pressed by <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Sharif Hussein ibn Ali</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sharif_of_Mecca" title="Sharif of Mecca">Sharif of Mecca</a>, who sought independence for the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Mashreq</a> Arabs from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and the establishment of a unified Arab state in the Mashreq. In 1915 and 1916, the <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_correspondence" title="McMahon–Hussein correspondence">Hussein-McMahon Correspondence</a> resulted in an agreement between the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the Sharif that if the Mashreq Arabs revolted successfully against the Ottomans, the United Kingdom would support claims for Mashreq Arab independence. In 1916, however, the <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes-Picot Agreement</a> between the United Kingdom and France determined that parts of the Mashreq would be divided between those powers rather than forming part of an independent Arab state. When the Ottoman Empire surrendered in 1918, the United Kingdom refused to keep to the letter of its arrangements with Hussein,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the two nations assumed guardianship of Mesopotamia, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and what became modern Syria. Ultimately, Hussein became King of only <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hijaz</a>, in the then less strategically valuable south, but lost his <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> throne when the kingdom was sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najdi</a> <a href="/wiki/Ikhwan" title="Ikhwan">Ikhwan</a> forces of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Saudites</a> and forcefully incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. </p><p>A more formalized pan-Arab ideology than that of Hussein was first espoused in the 1930s, notably by <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrian</a> thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sati%27_al-Husri" title="Sati' al-Husri">Sati' al-Husri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a>. Aflaq and al-Arsuzi were key figures in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Arab Ba’ath (Renaissance) Party</a>, and the former was for long its chief ideologist, combining elements of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> thought with <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> to a considerable extent reminiscent of nineteenth-century European romantic nationalism. It has been said that Arsuzi was fascinated with the Nazi ideology of "racial purity" and impacted <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Aflaq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah I of Jordan</a> dreamed of uniting <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a>, and Jordan under his leadership in what he would call <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a>. He unsuccessfully proposed a plan to this effect to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, which controlled <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a> at that time. The plan was not popular among the majority of Arabs and fostered distrust among the leaders of the other Middle Eastern countries against Abdullah. The distrust of <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan#Expansionist_aspirations" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah's expansionist aspirations</a> was one of the principal reasons for the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan#Assassination" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah was assassinated</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalist</a> in 1951, the vision of Greater Syria was dropped from the Jordanian agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-Continuum_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continuum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although pan-Arabism began at the time of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (the most populous and arguably most important Arab country) was not interested in pan-Arabism prior to the 1950s. Thus, in the 1930s and 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian nationalism</a> – not pan-Arabism – was the dominant mode of expression of Egyptian political activists. James Jankowski wrote about Egypt at the time, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What is most significant is the absence of an Arab component in early Egyptian nationalism. The thrust of Egyptian political, economic, and cultural development throughout the nineteenth century worked against, rather than for, an 'Arab' orientation. ... This situation—that of divergent political trajectories for Egyptians and Arabs—if anything increased after 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attempts_at_Arab_union">Attempts at Arab union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Arabism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attempts at Arab union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></div> <p>It was not until <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> that <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a> (in addition to <a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a>) became a state policy and a means with which to define Egypt's position in the Middle East and the world,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually articulated vis-à-vis <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> in the neighboring state of Israel. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_(c._1960s).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_%28c._1960s%29.jpg/170px-Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_%28c._1960s%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_%28c._1960s%29.jpg/255px-Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_%28c._1960s%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_%28c._1960s%29.jpg/340px-Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_%28c._1960s%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Under <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Egyptian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, pan-Arabism dominated politics in the 1950s and 1960s.</figcaption></figure> <p>There have been several attempts to bring about a pan-Arab state by many well-known Arab leaders, all of which ultimately resulted in failure. British Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> called for Arab unity during the 1940s, and was followed by specific proposals from pro-British leaders, including King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah of Transjordan</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nuri_al-Said" title="Nuri al-Said">Nuri al-Said</a> of Iraq, but Egyptian proposals for a broader grouping of independent Arab states prevailed with the establishment of the League of Arab States, a regional international organization, in 1945. In large part representing the popularity Nasser had gained among the masses in the Arab world following the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a> (UAR) in 1958 was the first case of the actual merger of two previously-independent Arab countries. Hastily formed under President Nasser's leadership but on the initiative of Syrian leaders who feared a takeover by communists or "reactionaries" and hoped to lead the new entity, the UAR was a unitary state, not a federal union, with its critics seeing this as hardly more than a small country being annexed by a larger one. It lasted until 1961, when Syrian army officers carried out a <i>coup d'état</i> and withdrew from the union. As politicians felt pressured by the wide public to espouse the idea of unity, Egypt, Syria and Iraq entered into an abortive agreement in 1963 to form the United Arab Republic, which was to be "federal in structure, leaving each member state its identity and institutions."<sup id="cite_ref-Continuum_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continuum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1961, Egypt had become the only remaining member but continued to call itself "the UAR" (thereby implying it was open for unification with other Arab countries), but it eventually renamed itself the "Arab Republic of Egypt" in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UAR_and_Arab_Federation_1958.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/UAR_and_Arab_Federation_1958.png/220px-UAR_and_Arab_Federation_1958.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/UAR_and_Arab_Federation_1958.png/330px-UAR_and_Arab_Federation_1958.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/UAR_and_Arab_Federation_1958.png/440px-UAR_and_Arab_Federation_1958.png 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Middle East in 1958: <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a> (red), <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a> (red and light-red), <a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a> (green), <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">British Kuwait</a> (grass green), other <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">British protectorates</a> in the Arab Gulf (light green)</figcaption></figure> <p>Also in 1958, a <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemite</a>-led rival, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a>, was founded between <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a>. Tensions with the UAR and the <a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a> made the Arab Federation collapse after only six months. Another attempt, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a>, existed as a confederation between the United Arab Republic and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen</a>, but it dissolved in 1961. </p><p>Two later attempts represented the enthusiasm of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a>, which lasted five years, and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, which also aimed to include <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> but never emerged in practice. Muammar Gaddafi had talks with <a href="/wiki/Chadli_Bendjedid" title="Chadli Bendjedid">Chadli Bendjedid</a> in 1988 about forming an Algeria-Libya union.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union</a> was formed in 1989. Aside from the forcible unification of much of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> by the Saudi rulers of Najd during the 1920s, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Federation_of_nine_emirates" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">unity of seven Arab emirates</a> that form the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">the unification of North Yemen and South Yemen</a> stand today as rare examples of actual unification. The current Syrian government is, and the former government of Iraq was led by rival factions of the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a>, which continues to espouse pan-Arabism and is organized in several other countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline">Decline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Arabism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Member_states_of_the_Arab_League_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Member_states_of_the_Arab_League_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Member_states_of_the_Arab_League_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Member_states_of_the_Arab_League_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>States and territories in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War</a></div> <p>The decline of pan-Arabism is attributed to several factors. Problems persisted over a wide range of issues since the inception of pan-Arabist philosophy in the late 1800s, which, until its decline, had kept pan-Arabism on course for causal failure. The factors include: the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">pan-Islamism</a>, the sectarian and social differences within the different Arab societies; the competition between different Arab leaders to be the leading voice for the Arab and Islamic worlds; and, to a lesser extent, military defeat against an enemy force. </p><p>The promotion of <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">pan-Islamism</a> had been a key aspect within Arab and Muslim societies. Such philosophy dictated for a united Islamic ‘Ummah’ or the close bounding of all Islamic communities to maintain and promote an essence of one family, one cause. The philosophy of pan-Arabism placed itself in contradiction to the philosophy of pan-Islamism as was clarified by religious scholars and Sheikhs within the various Arab countries, especially the Persian gulf. The belief held by critics emphasized that pan-Arabism separated itself from the <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a> in that it only promoted Arab unity and ideals, not Islamic ones. The religious conservatism within the societies propelled pan-Islamism to defeat alternative thoughts such as pan-Arabism. </p><p>Various sectarian and social differences within the various Arab societies was another fueling factor for pan-Arabism's decline. Sporadic <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> religious divide exacerbated by internal and foreign factors caused reconsideration within Arab circles as to whether pan-Arabism was viable although the issue was religiously oriented. Social differences toed a similar line. Countries like <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> considered secular brought about a clash of thought with the likes of religious <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, whose longstanding promotion of religion was contradictory to the goals of the secular hierarchy within the two Levantine countries, for example. </p><p>Different Arab leaders competed to become the leading voices for the Arab and Islamic worlds. Such competition sporadically resulted in friction between the leaders of these Arab countries. The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a>, which was formulated by <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwatli" title="Shukri al-Quwatli">Shukri al-Quwatli</a>, was promoted to be the collective voice for the Arab world and the spearhead of pan-Arabism. Being the only physical incarnation of pan-Arabism, it did not receive the expected praise from other Arab nations, especially in the Gulf, which further added to the decline of pan-Arabism. </p><p>To a lesser extent, the military defeat to “arch-enemy” Israel made both prominent sources of pan-Arabism reconsider such philosophy. The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, received ideological burden due to the unfavorable outcome, thus putting pan-Arabism in question. The victory of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> and the inability of Egypt and Syria to generate economic growth in some form, also damaged pan-Arabism's credibility. "By the mid-1970s," according to <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>, "the idea of Arab unity became less and less apparent in Arab politics, though it remained a wishful goal among the masses."<sup id="cite_ref-Continuum_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continuum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1980s, pan-Arabism began to be eclipsed by both <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> ideologies. Although pan-Arabism lost appeal by the 1990s, it continued to exercise an intellectual hegemony throughout the Arab world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Arabism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biladol_Orb_Awtani" title="Biladol Orb Awtani">Biladol Orb Awtani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Pan-Iranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Arabism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRubin1991" class="citation journal cs1">Rubin, Barry (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/260659">"Pan-Arab Nationalism: The Ideological Dream as Compelling Force"</a>. <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i>. <b>26</b> (3/4): 535–551. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200949102600310">10.1177/002200949102600310</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0094">0022-0094</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/260659">260659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Pan-Arab+Nationalism%3A+The+Ideological+Dream+as+Compelling+Force&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=535-551&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0022-0094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F260659%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200949102600310&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F260659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Arabism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100303333">"pan-Arabism"</a>. <i>Oxford Reference</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=pan-Arabism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100303333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Arabism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Continuum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Continuum_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Continuum_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Continuum_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Continuum_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Arab Unity." <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>. Ed. <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Avraham Sela</a>. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 160–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pan-Arabism">"Pan-Arabism | History, Significance, and Rise | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Pan-Arabism+%7C+History%2C+Significance%2C+and+Rise+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FPan-Arabism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Arabism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCivantos2017" class="citation book cs1">Civantos, Christina (2017-11-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4uw_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23"><i>The Afterlife of al-Andalus: Muslim Iberia in Contemporary Arab and Hispanic Narratives</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-6669-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-6669-9"><bdi>978-1-4384-6669-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Afterlife+of+al-Andalus%3A+Muslim+Iberia+in+Contemporary+Arab+and+Hispanic+Narratives&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-6669-9&rft.aulast=Civantos&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4uw_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Arabism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Contemporary Politics in the Middle East</i>, Beverly Milton-Edwards, Polity Press, 2006, p. 57-59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Syrian Arab Republic: a handbook</i>, Anne Sinai, Allen Pollack, 1976, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sVzEipGCy9oC&pg=PA141">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism: the continuing debate by Tawfic Farah, Publisher Westview Press, 1987, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Sela, Avraham</a>. "Arab League." Sela. <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>. 147-150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jankowski, James. "Egypt and Early Arab Nationalism" in Rashid Khalidi, ed. <i>The Origins of Arab Nationalism</i>. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990, pp. 244–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more information, see Aburish, Said K. (2004), Nasser, the Last Arab, New York City: St. Martin's Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-28683-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-28683-5">978-0-312-28683-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Before Nasser, Egypt, which had been ruled by Britain since 1882, was more in favor of territorial, Egyptian nationalism and distant from the pan-Arab ideology. Egyptians often did not identify themselves primarily as Arabs, and it is revealing that when the Egyptian nationalist leader <a href="/wiki/Saad_Zaghlul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saad Zaghlul">Saad Zaghlul</a> met the Arab delegates at Versailles in 1918, he insisted that their struggles for statehood were not connected, claiming that the problem of Egypt was an Egyptian problem and not an Arab one." Makropoulou, Ifigenia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekem.gr/archives/2007/01/pan_arabism_wha.html">Pan - Arabism: What Destroyed the Ideology of Arab Nationalism?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002224756/http://www.ekem.gr/archives/2007/01/pan_arabism_wha.html">Archived</a> 2018-10-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Hellenic Center for European Studies. January 15, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"United Arab Republic (UAR)." Sela. <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>. 873-874.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReich1990" class="citation book cs1">Reich, Bernard (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3D5FulN2WqQC&pg=PA96"><i>Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26213-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26213-5"><bdi>978-0-313-26213-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Leaders+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-313-26213-5&rft.aulast=Reich&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3D5FulN2WqQC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Arabism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Arabism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martinkramer.org/sandbox/reader/archives/arab-nationalism-mistaken-identity/">Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity</a> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kramer" title="Martin Kramer">Martin Kramer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150330144746/http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7549.html">Sample chapter from Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century</a> by A. Dawisha</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130120055352/http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/-em-pan-arabism-on-the-march-em--israel-weighs-the-new-challenge-2783">"Pan-Arabism on the March?: Israel Weighs the New Challenge"</a> by Nissim Rejwan</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_nationalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_nationalism" title="Template talk:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_nationalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_International_Theory" title="Third International Theory">Third International Theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">1941 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1961 Syrian coup d'état">1961 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war" title="North Yemen civil war">North Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_identity" title="Arab identity">Arab identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalists" title="Category:Arab nationalists">Personalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butrus_al-Bustani" title="Butrus al-Bustani">Butrus al-Bustani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jassem_Alwan" title="Jassem Alwan">Jassem Alwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Arif" title="Abdul Rahman Arif">Abdul Rahman Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Salam_Arif" title="Abdul Salam Arif">Abdul Salam Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Atassi" title="Jamal al-Atassi">Jamal al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella" title="Ahmed Ben Bella">Ahmed Ben Bella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Darwaza" title="Izzat Darwaza">Izzat Darwaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal I of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">Rashid Ali al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati%27_al-Husri" title="Sati' al-Husri">Sati' al-Husri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Kawakibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most%C3%A9fa_Merarda" title="Mostéfa Merarda">Mostéfa Merarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Pachachi" title="Adnan Pachachi">Adnan Pachachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Rihani" title="Ameen Rihani">Ameen Rihani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_nationalist_parties" title="List of Arab nationalist parties">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatat" title="Al-Fatat">Al-Fatat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">Al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Movement" title="Arab Nationalist Movement">Arab Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Action_Party" title="Arab Socialist Action Party">Arab Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)">Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Iraq)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)">Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Libya)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Libya)">Arab Socialist Union (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)">Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula_People%27s_Union" title="Arabian Peninsula People's Union">Arabian Peninsula People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Mandatory_Palestine)" title="Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)">Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Legion" title="Islamic Legion">Islamic Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Liberation Front (Algeria)">National Liberation Front (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Political_Command" title="Unified Political Command">Unified Political Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arab_Awakening" title="The Arab Awakening">The Arab Awakening</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_One_Destiny" title="The Battle for One Destiny">The Battle for One Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Way_of_Resurrection" title="On the Way of Resurrection">On the Way of Resurrection</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalist_symbols" title="Category:Arab nationalist symbols">Symbolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic">Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_of_Saladin" title="Eagle of Saladin">Eagle of Saladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Federation" title="Flag of the Arab Federation">Flag of the Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Flag of the Arab Revolt">Flag of the Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_of_Quraish" title="Hawk of Quraish">Hawk of Quraish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationalism" title="Algerian nationalism">Algerian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" title="Greater Yemen">Greater Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationalism" title="Jordanian nationalism">Jordanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationalism" title="Lebanese nationalism">Lebanese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationalism" title="Libyan nationalism">Libyan nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationalism" title="Sahrawi nationalism">Sahrawi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationalism" title="Tunisian nationalism">Tunisian nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalism" title="Category:Arab nationalism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irredentism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irredentism" title="Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irredentism" title="Template talk:Irredentism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irredentism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_South_Africa" title="Greater South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_relations" title="Canada–Turks and Caicos Islands relations">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Mexico)" title="Reconquista (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saint_Martin" title="Unification of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_the_United_States_to_purchase_Greenland" title="Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_of_Mexico_Movement" title="All of Mexico Movement">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_annexation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo">Dominican Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_irredentism" title="Argentine irredentism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_expansionism" title="Chilean expansionism">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_movement" title="Karabakh movement">Karabakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Azerbaijan" title="Whole Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Azerbaijan_(irredentist_concept)" title="Western Azerbaijan (irredentist concept)">Western Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism#Irredentism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism#Pan-Syrianism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" title="Greater Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Nepal" title="Greater Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir independence movement">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tamil_Nadu" title="Greater Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern and Southeastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_irredentism" title="Cambodian irredentism">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">unification with Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Indonesia" title="Greater Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_claimed_by_the_Philippines" title="Territories claimed by the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Thaiism" title="Pan-Thaiism">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Timor" title="Great Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_irredentism" title="Vietnamese irredentism">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central and Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Democratic_Republic#Territory" title="Belarusian Democratic Republic">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Moldova" title="Greater Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_irredentism" title="Polish irredentism">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">unification with Moldova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">proposed annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">occupation of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian irredentism">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">unification with Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bosnia" title="Greater Bosnia">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">Cyprus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Myth" title="Kosovo Myth">Kosovo Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Kosovo" title="Partition of Kosovo">partition of Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irredentism" title="Spanish irredentism">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_irredenta" title="Galicia irredenta">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corfu" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian irredentism in Corfu">Corfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corsica" title="Italian irredentism in Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Dalmatia" title="Italian irredentism in Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Istria" title="Italian irredentism in Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Italian Grisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Malta" title="Italian irredentism in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Nice" title="Italian irredentism in Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Savoy" title="Italian irredentism in Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Ticino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Finland" title="Greater Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_question" title="Karelian question">Karelia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Belgium" title="Greater Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_borders_of_France" title="Natural borders of France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rattachism" title="Rattachism">Wallonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_question" title="German question">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism_in_Austria" title="German nationalism in Austria">Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">annexation of Austria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_states_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed states of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuan unification">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_unification" title="Samoan unification">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Related concepts:</i> <i><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_border_changes_since_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national border changes since 1914">Border changes since 1914</a> · <a href="/wiki/Partition_(politics)" title="Partition (politics)">Partitionism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">Reunification</a> · <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revisionism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">Rump state</a></b></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan-nationalist_concepts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Template:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Template talk:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan-nationalist_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalist concepts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_Confederation_plan" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan Confederation plan">Afghan-Pakistani unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slavism" title="Austro-Slavism">Austro-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berberism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bulgaria_and_Romania" title="Union of Bulgaria and Romania">Bulgarian-Romanian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canada-USA unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_reunification" title="Central American reunification">Central-americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian%E2%80%93Finnish_federation" title="Estonian–Finnish federation">Estonian-Finnish unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent_Plan" title="Fertile Crescent Plan">Fertile Crescent unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaucho_traditionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaucho traditionalism (page does not exist)">Gaucho traditionalism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicionalismo_ga%C3%BAcho" class="extiw" title="pt:Tradicionalismo gaúcho">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Yugoslav_confederation" title="Greek–Yugoslav confederation">Greek-Yugoslavian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Hungary_and_Romania" title="Union of Hungary and Romania">Hungarian-Romanian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Confederation" title="Indo-Pakistani Confederation">Indian-Pakistani Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Israeli-Palestinian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinoamericanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latinoamericanism (page does not exist)">Latinoamericanism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integraci%C3%B3n_latinoamericana" class="extiw" title="es:Integración latinoamericana">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenoturkism" title="Hellenoturkism">Hellenoturkism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanoamericanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispanoamericanism (page does not exist)">Hispanoamericanism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanoamericanismo" class="extiw" title="es:Hispanoamericanismo">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_East_European_States" title="League of East European States">League of East European States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands-Indonesia_Union" title="Netherlands-Indonesia Union">Netherlands-Indonesian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Romanian-moldovan unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_African_States" title="Union of African States">Union of African States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Federation" title="Mali Federation">Mali Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahel-Benin_Union" title="Sahel-Benin Union">Sahel-Benin Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Americanism" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Andinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Andinism (page does not exist)">Pan-Andinism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panandinismo" class="extiw" title="es:Panandinismo">es</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Ecuador,_Peru_and_Bolivia" title="United Kingdom of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia">Ecuadorian-Peruvian-Bolivian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian-Bolivian_unionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peruvian-Bolivian unionism (page does not exist)">Peruvian-Bolivian unionism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionismo_peruano-boliviano" class="extiw" title="es:Unionismo peruano-boliviano">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Arabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Hashemite unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan-Syrian_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan-Syrian Union">Libyan-Syrian Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Hussein%27s_federation_plan" title="King Hussein's federation plan">Jordania-Palestine unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Iraq-Kuwait unionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Caribbean" title="Pan-Caribbean">Pan-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Caucasianism" title="Pan-Caucasianism">Pan-Caucasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Finnicism" title="Pan-Finnicism">Pan-Finnicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">Pan-Europeanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Europe" title="Federal Europe">European unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">Pan-European nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhispanism" title="Panhispanism">Panhispanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian federalism">Pan-Iberism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indianism" title="Pan-Indianism">Pan-Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Pan-Iranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">Pan-Latinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneanism" title="Mediterraneanism">Mediterraneanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Pan-Mongolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Oceanian" title="Pan-Oceanian">Pan-Oceanianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_confederation" title="Polish–Czechoslovak confederation">Polish-Czechoslovak unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reintegrationism" title="Reintegrationism">Reintegrationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saint_Martin" title="Unification of Saint Martin">Saint Martin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavism" title="Scandinavism">Scandinavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Pan-Serbism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Tatarism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Tatarism (page does not exist)">Pan-Tatarism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Пантатаризм">ru</a>; <a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="tt:Пантатаризм">tt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattachism" title="Rattachism">Rattachism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Rhodesia-Nyasaland unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Treaty" title="New Union Treaty">Soviet reunificationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Switzerland#Proposals_for_expansion" title="Territorial evolution of Switzerland">Switzerland expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Turanism" title="Hungarian Turanism">Hungarian Turanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abya_Yala" title="Abya Yala">Abya Yala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">African federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rapprochement" title="Great Rapprochement">Anglo-American unificationism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antillean_Confederation" title="Antillean Confederation">Antillean Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Federation" title="Balkan Federation">Balkan Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltoscandia" title="Baltoscandia">Baltoscandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">British unionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Federation" title="Imperial Federation">Imperial Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_movement" title="Cascadia movement">Cascadia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossackia" title="Cossackia">Cossackia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danubian_Confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danubian Confederation (page does not exist)">Danubian Confederation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donauf%C3%B6deration" class="extiw" title="de:Donauföderation">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalisation_of_the_European_Union" title="Federalisation of the European Union">Federalisation of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_irredentism" title="Cambodian irredentism">Greater Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Caribbean Antilles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Union" title="Franco-British Union">Franco-British Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">Unification of Albania and Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_irredentism" title="Argentine irredentism">Greater Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Greater Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bosnia" title="Greater Bosnia">Greater Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Greater Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationalism" title="Eritrean nationalism">Eritrean national identity nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationalism" title="Ethiopian nationalism">Ethiopian national identity nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Finland" title="Greater Finland">Greater Finland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galicia_irredenta" title="Galicia irredenta">Galicia irredenta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Greater Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Indonesia" title="Greater Indonesia">Greater Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Iraq">Greater Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_imperialism_under_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian imperialism under Fascism">Greater Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Mexico)" title="Reconquista (Mexico)">Greater Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Moldova" title="Greater Moldova">Greater Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Nepal" title="Greater Nepal">Greater Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Greater Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Norway">Greater Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Palestine">Greater Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_irredentism" title="Polish irredentism">Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portugaliza (page does not exist)">Greater Portugal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliza" class="extiw" title="pt:Portugaliza">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Greater Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_unification" title="Samoan unification">Greater Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irredentism" title="Spanish irredentism">Greater Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tamil_Nadu" title="Greater Tamil Nadu">Greater Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Timor" title="Great Timor">Great Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian irredentism">Greater Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_irredentism" title="Vietnamese irredentism">Greater Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" title="Greater Yemen">Greater Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Greater Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanidad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermarium" title="Intermarium">Intermarium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Poland" title="United States of Poland">United States of Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Union" title="North American Union">North American Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_world" title="Portuguese-speaking world">Lusosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maphilindo" title="Maphilindo">Maphilindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misak-%C4%B1_Mill%C3%AE" title="Misak-ı Millî">Misak-ı Millî (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patria_Grande" title="Patria Grande">Patria Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_confederation" title="Polynesian confederation">Polynesian confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Sahel_States" title="Alliance of Sahel States">Sahel Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_Confederation" title="Senegambia Confederation">Senegambia Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamazgha" title="Tamazgha">Tamazgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">Triune Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">United Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Azerbaijan" title="Whole Azerbaijan">Whole Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambesia" title="Zambesia">Zambesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Pan-ethnic</a><br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habesha_peoples" title="Habesha peoples">Habesha peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link 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title="Headquarters of the Arab League">Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab_League" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Arab League">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Arab_League" title="Military of the Arab League">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li>Joint Defence Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Parliament" title="Arab Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/55px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/83px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/110px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League" title="Member states of the Arab League">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative" title="Arab Peace Initiative">Arab Peace Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Arab League–European Union relations">Arab League–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Arab_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Arab League">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Arab_League" title="Economy of the Arab League">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_League_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of Arab League countries by GDP (nominal)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Council_(Arab_League)" title="Economic and Social Council (Arab League)">Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_Arab_League" title="Institutions of the Arab League">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_Arab_League" title="Sport policies of the Arab League">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_National_Olympic_Committees" title="Union of Arab National Olympic Committees">Union of Arab National Olympic Committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Arab_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Arab Games">Pan Arab Games</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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