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air</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: clean air"> <meta name="keywords" content="clean air"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="clean air"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 781</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: clean air</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> A Comparative Study on Multimodal Metaphors in Public Service Advertising of China and Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Lyu">Xing Lyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multimodal metaphor promotes the further development and refinement of multimodal discourse study. Cultural aspects matter a lot not only in creating but also in comprehending multimodal metaphor. By analyzing the target domain and the source domain in 10 public service advertisements of China and Germany about environmental protection, this paper compares the source when the target is alike in each multimodal metaphor in order to seek similarities and differences across cultures. The findings are as follows: first, the multimodal metaphors center around three major topics: the earth crisis, consequences of environmental damage, and appeal for environmental protection; second, the multimodal metaphors mainly grounded in three universal conceptual metaphors which focused on high level is up; earth is mother and all lives are precious. However, there are five Chinese culture-specific multimodal metaphors which are not discovered in Germany ads: east is high leve; a purposeful life is a journey; a nation is a person; good is clean, and water is mother. Since metaphors are excellent instruments on studying ideology, this study can be helpful on intercultural/cross-cultural communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20metaphor" title="multimodal metaphor">multimodal metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20aspects" title=" cultural aspects"> cultural aspects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20advertising" title=" public service advertising"> public service advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20communication" title=" cross-cultural communication"> cross-cultural communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112889/a-comparative-study-on-multimodal-metaphors-in-public-service-advertising-of-china-and-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Proposal of Methodology Based on Technical Characterization and Quantitative Contrast of Co₂ Emissions for the Migration to Electric Mobility of the Vehicle Fleet: Case Study of Electric Companies in Ecuador</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20I.%20Ullauri">Rodrigo I. Ullauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santiago%20E.%20Tinajero"> Santiago E. Tinajero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20O.%20Ramos"> Omar O. Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paola%20R.%20Quintana"> Paola R. Quintana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase of CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere and its impact on climate change is a global concern. The transportation sector is a significant consumer of fossil fuels and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The current challenge is to find ways to reduce the use of fossil fuels in transportation. In Ecuador, where 92% of electricity is generated from clean sources, the concept of e-mobility is considered an attractive alternative to address the challenge of sustainable mobility. The proposal is to migrate from combustion-powered vehicles to electric vehicles in the electric companies of Ecuador, using a methodology to standardize criteria, determine specific requirements, contrast technical characteristics, and estimate emission reductions. The results showed that there are three categories of vehicles that have electric counterparts suitable for performing activities under certain operation parameters inherent to current technology limitations but with a significant contribution to the reduction of annual CO₂ emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro%20mobility" title=" electro mobility"> electro mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20transportation" title=" sustainable transportation"> sustainable transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161828/proposal-of-methodology-based-on-technical-characterization-and-quantitative-contrast-of-co2-emissions-for-the-migration-to-electric-mobility-of-the-vehicle-fleet-case-study-of-electric-companies-in-ecuador" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> System Identification in Presence of Outliers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Yu">Chao Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qing-Guo%20Wang"> Qing-Guo Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Zhang"> Dan Zhang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The outlier detection problem for dynamic systems is formulated as a matrix decomposition problem with low-rank, sparse matrices and further recast as a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem. A fast algorithm is presented to solve the resulting problem while keeping the solution matrix structure and it can greatly reduce the computational cost over the standard interior-point method. The computational burden is further reduced by proper construction of subsets of the raw data without violating low rank property of the involved matrix. The proposed method can make exact detection of outliers in case of no or little noise in output observations. In case of significant noise, a novel approach based on under-sampling with averaging is developed to denoise while retaining the saliency of outliers and so-filtered data enables successful outlier detection with the proposed method while the existing filtering methods fail. Use of recovered “clean” data from the proposed method can give much better parameter estimation compared with that based on the raw data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlier%20detection" title="outlier detection">outlier detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20identification" title=" system identification"> system identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20decomposition" title=" matrix decomposition"> matrix decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-rank%20matrix" title=" low-rank matrix"> low-rank matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparsity" title=" sparsity"> sparsity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semidefinite%20programming" title=" semidefinite programming"> semidefinite programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interior-point%20methods" title=" interior-point methods"> interior-point methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denoising" title=" denoising"> denoising</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13363/system-identification-in-presence-of-outliers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Water Detection in Aerial Images Using Fuzzy Sets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caio%20Marcelo%20Nunes">Caio Marcelo Nunes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20da%20Silva%20Soares"> Anderson da Silva Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gustavo%20Teodoro%20Laureano"> Gustavo Teodoro Laureano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarimar%20Jose%20Coelho"> Clarimar Jose Coelho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a methodology to pixel recognition in aerial images using fuzzy $c$-means algorithm. This algorithm is a alternative to recognize areas considering uncertainties and inaccuracies. Traditional clustering technics are used in recognizing of multispectral images of earth's surface. This technics recognize well-defined borders that can be easily discretized. However, in the real world there are many areas with uncertainties and inaccuracies which can be mapped by clustering algorithms that use fuzzy sets. The methodology presents in this work is applied to multispectral images obtained from Landsat-5/TM satellite. The pixels are joined using the $c$-means algorithm. After, a classification process identify the types of surface according the patterns obtained from spectral response of image surface. The classes considered are, exposed soil, moist soil, vegetation, turbid water and clean water. The results obtained shows that the fuzzy clustering identify the real type of the earth's surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20images" title="aerial images">aerial images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20clustering" title=" fuzzy clustering"> fuzzy clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30574/water-detection-in-aerial-images-using-fuzzy-sets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Market Competition and the Adoption of Clean Technology: Evidence from the Taxi Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ra%C3%BAl%20Bajo-Buenestado">Raúl Bajo-Buenestado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the impact of the intensity of market competition on firms' willingness to adopt green technologies —which has become particularly relevant in the light of the debate on whether competition policies should be relaxed to achieve certain environmental targets. We exploit the staggered rollout of different rail-hailing platforms (most notably, Uber) across different metropolitan areas in Spain as a natural experiment that provides time and city-specific exogenous variation in the intensity of competition to study the impact on taxi drivers' decisions to purchase “green” or “dirty” vehicles. It was shown that the entry of these platforms significantly increased the takeout of green vehicles among professional drivers in incumbent (dominant) conventional taxi companies and decreased that of dirty vehicles. The exact opposite effect is observed in the cities where these platforms were extremely unlikely to enter. Back of the envelope calculations suggest that the entry of Uber is associated with an extra green vehicle purchase in every four among taxi drivers, resulting in a substantial drop in the level of emissions from the taxi fleet —still mostly dominated diesel vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20change" title="technological change">technological change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20technology%20adoption" title=" green technology adoption"> green technology adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20competition" title=" market competition"> market competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20of%20technology" title=" diffusion of technology"> diffusion of technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20externalities" title=" environmental externalities"> environmental externalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135426/market-competition-and-the-adoption-of-clean-technology-evidence-from-the-taxi-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> De Novo Assembly and Characterization of the Transcriptome during Seed Development, and Generation of Genic-SSR Markers in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozhan%20Simsek">Ozhan Simsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dicle%20Donmez"> Dicle Donmez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burhanettin%20Imrak"> Burhanettin Imrak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahsen%20Isik%20Ozguven"> Ahsen Isik Ozguven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yildiz%20Aka%20Kacar"> Yildiz Aka Kacar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is known to be one of the oldest edible fruit tree species, with a wide geographical global distribution. Fruits from the two defined varieties (Hicaznar and 33N26) were taken at intervals after pollination and fertilization at different sizes. Seed samples were used for transcriptome sequencing. Primary sequencing was produced by Illumina Hi-Seq™ 2000. Firstly, we had raw reads, and it was subjected to quality control (QC). Raw reads were filtered into clean reads and aligned to the reference sequences. De novo analysis was performed to detect genes expressed in seeds of pomegranate varieties. We performed downstream analysis to determine differentially expressed genes. We generated about 27.09 gb bases in total after Illumina Hi-Seq sequencing. All samples were assembled together, we got 59,264 Unigenes, the total length, average length, N50, and GC content of Unigenes are 84.547.276 bp, 1.426 bp, 2,137 bp, and 46.20 %, respectively. Unigenes were annotated with 7 functional databases, finally, 42.681(NR: 72.02%), 39.660 (NT: 66.92%), 30.790 (Swissprot: 51.95%), 20.212 (COG: 34.11%), 27.689 (KEGG: 46.72%), 12.328 (GO: 20.80%), and 33,833 (Interpro: 57.09%) Unigenes were annotated. With functional annotation results, we detected 42.376 CDS, and 4.999 SSR distribute on 16.143 Unigenes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20sequencing" title="next generation sequencing">next generation sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSR" title=" SSR"> SSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA-Seq" title=" RNA-Seq"> RNA-Seq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illumina" title=" Illumina"> Illumina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75369/de-novo-assembly-and-characterization-of-the-transcriptome-during-seed-development-and-generation-of-genic-ssr-markers-in-pomegranate-punica-granatum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> Comparative Analysis of Enzyme Activities Concerned in Decomposition of Toluene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayuko%20Itsuki">Ayuko Itsuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachiyo%20Aburatani"> Sachiyo Aburatani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, pollutions of the environment by toxic substances become a serious problem. While there are many methods of environmental clean-up, the methods by microorganisms are considered to be reasonable and safety for environment. Compost is known that it catabolize the meladorous substancess in its production process, however the mechanism of its catabolizing system is not known yet. In the catabolization process, organic matters turn into inorganic by the released enzymes from lots of microorganisms which live in compost. In other words, the cooperative of activated enzymes in the compost decomposes malodorous substances. Thus, clarifying the interaction among enzymes is important for revealing the catabolizing system of meladorous substance in compost. In this study, we utilized statistical method to infer the interaction among enzymes. We developed a method which combined partial correlation with cross correlation to estimate the relevance between enzymes especially from time series data of few variables. Because of using cross correlation, we can estimate not only the associative structure but also the reaction pathway. We applied the developed method to the enzyme measured data and estimated an interaction among the enzymes in decomposition mechanism of toluene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20activities" title="enzyme activities">enzyme activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title=" compost"> compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toluene" title=" toluene"> toluene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2728/comparative-analysis-of-enzyme-activities-concerned-in-decomposition-of-toluene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Integration of Hydropower and Solar Photovoltaic Generation into Distribution System: Case of South Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ater%20Amogpai">Ater Amogpai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydropower and solar photovoltaic (PV) generation are crucial in sustainability and transitioning from fossil fuel to clean energy. Integrating renewable energy sources such as hydropower and solar photovoltaic (PV) into the distributed networks contributes to achieving energy balance, pollution mitigation, and cost reduction. Frequent power outages and a lack of load reliability characterize the current South Sudan electricity distribution system. The country’s electricity demand is 300MW; however, the installed capacity is around 212.4M. Insufficient funds to build new electricity facilities and expand generation are the reasons for the gap in installed capacity. The South Sudan Ministry of Energy and Dams gave a contract to an Egyptian Elsewedy Electric Company that completed the construction of a solar PV plant in 2023. The plant has a 35 MWh battery storage and 20 MW solar PV system capacity. The construction of Juba Solar PV Park started in 2022 to increase the current installed capacity in Juba City to 53 MW. The plant will begin serving 59000 residents in Juba and save 10,886.2t of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydropower" title=" hydropower"> hydropower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Sudan" title=" South Sudan"> South Sudan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179308/integration-of-hydropower-and-solar-photovoltaic-generation-into-distribution-system-case-of-south-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Modeling and Analysis the Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Gas-Crossover in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hadi%20Bin%20Abdol%20Rahim">Abdul Hadi Bin Abdol Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alhassan%20Salami%20Tijani"> Alhassan Salami Tijani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen produced by means of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEME) is one of the most promising methods due to clean and renewable energy source. In the process, some energy loss due to mass transfer through a PEM is caused by diffusion, electro-osmotic drag, and the pressure difference between the cathode channel and anode channel. In PEME water molecules and ionic particles transferred between the electrodes from anode to cathode, Extensive mixing of the hydrogen and oxygen at anode channel due to gases cross-over must be avoided. In recent times the consciousness of safety issue in high pressure PEME where the oxygen mix with hydrogen at anode channel could create, explosive conditions have generated a lot of concern. In this paper, the steady state and simulation analysis of gases crossover in PEME on the temperature and pressure effect are presented. The simulations have been analysis in MATLAB based on the well-known Fick’s Law of molecular diffusion. The simulation results indicated that as temperature increases, there is a significant decrease in operating voltage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title="diffusion">diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gases%20crosover" title=" gases crosover"> gases crosover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20state" title=" steady state"> steady state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fick%E2%80%99s%20law" title=" Fick’s law"> Fick’s law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40292/modeling-and-analysis-the-effects-of-temperature-and-pressure-on-the-gas-crossover-in-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-electrolyzer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Effect of Eddy Irrigant Activation on Cleanliness of the Root Canal Wall during Pulpectomy of Primary Teeth </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Sharaf">Rasha Sharaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehal%20Sharaf"> Nehal Sharaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pulpectomy of primary teeth aims to remove the necrotic pulp tissue from the infected root canal and clean the root canal walls from any remnant of pulp tissue. Different irrigant activation systems have been recently used, and one of these devices is the Eddy which helps in removal of smear layer and improves the intimate contact between the filling material and the root canal wall. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Eddy in cleanliness of the root canal during pulpectomy of primary teeth. Materials and methods: 45 freshly extracted primary anterior teeth were divided into 3 equal groups, in the 1st group sodium hypochlorite only was used during pulpectomy, in the 2nd group irrigation using sodium hypochlorite with file agitation was performed and in the 3rd group sodium hypochlorite was used with Eddy for irrigant activation. All samples were sectioned longitudinally and scanned using scanning electron microscope to evaluate the cleanliness of the root canals. Results: It was found that Eddy showed high efficacy in removal of smear layer during pulpectomy of primary teeth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddy" title="Eddy">Eddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigant%20activation" title=" irrigant activation"> irrigant activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulpectomy" title=" pulpectomy"> pulpectomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131150/effect-of-eddy-irrigant-activation-on-cleanliness-of-the-root-canal-wall-during-pulpectomy-of-primary-teeth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> Zeolite-Enhanced Pyrolysis: Transforming Waste Plastics into Hydrogen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Sair">Said Sair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanane%20Ait%20Ousaleh"> Hanane Ait Ousaleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilyas%20Belghazi"> Ilyas Belghazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Othmane%20Amadine"> Othmane Amadine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic waste has become a major environmental issue, driving the need for innovative solutions to convert it into valuable resources. This study explores the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste to produce hydrogen, using zeolite catalysts as a key component in the process. Various zeolites, including types X, A, and P, are synthesized and characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These techniques are employed to assess the structural and chemical properties of the catalysts. Catalytic pyrolysis experiments are performed under different conditions, including variations in temperature, catalyst loading, and reaction time, to optimize hydrogen production. The results demonstrate that the choice of zeolite catalyst significantly impacts plastic waste conversion efficiency into hydrogen. This research contributes to advancing circular economy principles by providing an effective method for plastic waste management and clean energy production, promoting environmental sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title="hydrogen production">hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20waste" title=" plastic waste"> plastic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20catalysts" title=" zeolite catalysts"> zeolite catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20pyrolysis" title=" catalytic pyrolysis"> catalytic pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20energy" title=" sustainable energy"> sustainable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192439/zeolite-enhanced-pyrolysis-transforming-waste-plastics-into-hydrogen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> Increasing the Use of LNG on the Java Island (Bali Province) through the Development of Small-Scale LNG Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herman%20Susilo">Herman Susilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmat%20Budiman"> Rahmat Budiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bali province is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Indonesia. As a central tourist destination, Bali is very concerned about the use of clean energy. Since Bali is an area that does not have natural resources, so all of its energy sources are imported from java island and other islands. As an example, currently, Pertagas is developing the use of LNG for the needs of the retail industry. Right now, LNG is transported from the LNG plant facility in Bontang (Kalimantan Province) using ISO Tanks which are transported by cargo ships and then transported by trucks to the island of Bali. After that, LNG from ISO Tank is breakbulk into LNG Cylinders for distribution to retail customers. The existing distribution scheme is very long and costly since the source of LNG is come from another island (Kalimantan) and is relatively far away. To solve this problem, we plan to build the mini-LNG plant on Java Island since there are lots of gas sources available. There are some small gas reserves (flared or stranded gas) that are not yet monetized and are less valuable (cheaper) because the volume is very small. After liquifying the gas from the gas field, the LNG is transported by the truck using ISO Tank. After that, LNG from ISO Tank is breakbulk into LNG Cylinders for distribution to retail customers. From this new LNG distribution scheme, there are 4-5 USD/MMBTU saving compared to the existing distribution scheme. It is hoped that with these cost savings, the number of retail LNG sales can increase rapidly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LNG" title="LNG">LNG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LNG%20retail" title=" LNG retail"> LNG retail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20LNG" title=" mini LNG"> mini LNG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20scale%20LNG" title=" small scale LNG"> small scale LNG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158459/increasing-the-use-of-lng-on-the-java-island-bali-province-through-the-development-of-small-scale-lng-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Modelling and Simulation of a Commercial Thermophilic Biogas Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremiah%20L.%20Chukwuneke">Jeremiah L. Chukwuneke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obiora%20E.%20Anisiji"> Obiora E. Anisiji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinonso%20H.%20Achebe"> Chinonso H. Achebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20C.%20Okolie"> Paul C. Okolie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper developed a mathematical model of a commercial biogas plant for urban area clean energy requirement. It identified biodegradable waste materials like domestic/city refuse as economically viable alternative source of energy. The mathematical formulation of the proposed gas plant follows the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, and further analyses were accomplished to develop an algorithm for evaluating the plant performance preferably in terms of daily production capacity. In addition, the capacity of the plant is equally estimated for a given cycle of operation and presented in time histories. A nominal 1500 m3 power gas plant was studied characteristically and its performance efficiency evaluated. It was observed that the rate of bio gas production is essentially a function of the reactor temperature, pH, substrate concentration, rate of degradation of the biomass, and the accumulation of matter in the system due to bacteria growth. The results of this study conform to a very large extent with reported empirical data of some existing plant and further model validations were conducted in line with classical records found in literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20and%20mass%20conservation" title="energy and mass conservation">energy and mass conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20growth%20rate" title=" specific growth rate"> specific growth rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermophilic%20bacteria" title=" thermophilic bacteria"> thermophilic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20of%20bio%20gas%20production" title=" rate of bio gas production"> rate of bio gas production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14100/modelling-and-simulation-of-a-commercial-thermophilic-biogas-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> Renewable Energy and Ecosystem Services: A Geographi̇cal Classification in Azerbaijan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nijat%20S.%20%C4%B0mamverdiyev">Nijat S. İmamverdiyev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transition to renewable energy sources has become a critical component of global efforts to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development. However, the deployment of renewable energy technologies can also have significant impacts on ecosystems and the services they provide, such as carbon sequestration, soil fertility, water quality, and biodiversity. It also highlights the potential co-benefits of renewable energy deployment for ecosystem services, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air and water quality. Renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, hydro, and biomass, are increasingly being used to meet the world's energy needs due to their environmentally friendly nature and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure can also impact ecosystem services, which are the benefits that humans derive from nature, such as clean water, air, and food. This geographical assessment aims to evaluate the relationship between renewable energy infrastructure and ecosystem services. Here, also explores potential solutions to mitigate the negative effects of renewable energy infrastructure on ecosystem services, such as the use of ecological compensation measures, biodiversity-friendly design of renewable energy infrastructure, and stakeholder involvement in decision-making processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20production" title=" energy production"> energy production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160856/renewable-energy-and-ecosystem-services-a-geographical-classification-in-azerbaijan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Installing Photovoltaic Panels to Generate Optimal Energy in SPAV Hostel, Vijayawada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Jayasuriya">J. Jayasuriya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research paper, a procedure for installing and assessment of a solar PV plant to generate optimal solar energy SPAV hostel at Vijayawada city was analyzed. The hostel was experiencing power disruption and had a need for an unceasing energy source. The solar panel is one of the best solutions to obtain uninterrupted clean renewable energy for an institutional building as it neither makes din nor pollutes the atmosphere. The electricity usage per month was initially measured to discriminate the energy change. The solar array was installed with its financial and environmental assessment considering recent market prices. All the aspects related to a solar PV plant were considered for the feasibility and efficiency of PV plant near this site i.e., the orientation of the site, the size and shape of the terrace, the sun path were considered while installing panels. Various precautions were taken to intercept the factors which cause interference in energy generation, with respect to temperature, overshadowing, the wiring of panels, pollution etc. The solar panels were frequently installed, monitored and maintained properly to procure optimal energy output. Result obtained with the assessment of the proposed plant and deflation in the electric bill will show the maximal energy that can be generated in a month on that particular site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20efficiency" title="solar efficiency">solar efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20sustainability" title=" building sustainability"> building sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20panel" title=" PV panel"> PV panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83960/installing-photovoltaic-panels-to-generate-optimal-energy-in-spav-hostel-vijayawada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> The Effectiveness of Environmental Policy Instruments for Promoting Renewable Energy Consumption: Command-and-Control Policies versus Market-Based Policies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Hassan">Mahmoud Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the impact of market- and non-market-based environmental policy instruments on renewable energy consumption (REC) is crucial for the design and choice of policy packages. This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of environmental policy stringency index (EPS) and its components on REC in 27 OECD countries over the period from 1990 to 2015, and then use the results to identify what the appropriate environmental policy mix should look like. By relying on the two-step system GMM estimator, we provide evidence that increasing environmental policy stringency as a whole promotes renewable energy consumption in these 27 developed economies. Moreover, policymakers are able, through the market- and non-market-based environmental policy instruments, to increase the use of renewable energy. However, not all of these instruments are effective for achieving this goal. The results indicate that R&D subsidies and trading schemes have a positive and significant impact on REC, while taxes, feed-in tariff and emission standards have not a significant effect. Furthermore, R&D subsidies are more effective than trading schemes for stimulating the use of clean energy. These findings proved to be robust across the three alternative panel techniques used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20policy%20stringency" title="environmental policy stringency">environmental policy stringency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20consumption" title=" renewable energy consumption"> renewable energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-step%20system-GMM%20estimation" title=" two-step system-GMM estimation"> two-step system-GMM estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20dynamic%20panel%20data%20model" title=" linear dynamic panel data model"> linear dynamic panel data model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144939/the-effectiveness-of-environmental-policy-instruments-for-promoting-renewable-energy-consumption-command-and-control-policies-versus-market-based-policies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> The Implication of Augmentation Cystoplasty with Mitrofanoff Channel on Reproduction Age Group and Outcome of Pregnancy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20A.%20Qedrah">Amal A. Qedrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20A.%20Malik"> Sofia A. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madiha%20Akbar"> Madiha Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this article is to share a rare clinical case of pregnancy and surgical delivery in a patient who has undergone augmentation cystoplasty with mitrofanoff channel in the past. Methods: This case report is about a woman who conceived naturally at the age of 27, previously underwent augmentation cystoplasty at the age of 10 years with mitrofanoff procedure using self-clean intermittent catheterization. Furthermore, this pregnancy was complicated by the presence of preeclampsia diagnosed at term and PROM. Following the failure of induction for intrapartum preeclampsia, the patient delivered a healthy baby via low transverse cesarean section at 38 weeks done at Latifa Hospital, Dubai. Conclusion: The procedure is done at a pediatric or young age, after which most patients reach reproductive age. There is no contraindication to pregnancy vaginally or surgically; however, this case was complicated by preeclampsia, due to which this patient was taken for a cesarean section. It is advisable to consult a urologist frequently along with taking regular bacteriological urine samples and blood samples with renal ultrasonography for the evaluation of the kidney. Antibacterial treatment or prophylaxis should be used during pregnancy if necessary and intermittent self-catherization is mostly performed routinely. It is also important to have a urologist on standby during the surgery in order to avoid and/or fix any complications that might come forth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmentation%20cystoplasty" title="augmentation cystoplasty">augmentation cystoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesarean%20section" title=" cesarean section"> cesarean section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delivery" title=" delivery"> delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitrofanoff%20channel" title=" mitrofanoff channel"> mitrofanoff channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130983/the-implication-of-augmentation-cystoplasty-with-mitrofanoff-channel-on-reproduction-age-group-and-outcome-of-pregnancy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Investigation of Public Perception of Air Pollution and Life Quality in Tehran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roghayeh%20Karami">Roghayeh Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Gharaei"> Ahmad Gharaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds and objectives: This study was undertaken at four different sites (north polluted, south polluted, south healthy and north healthy) in Tehran, in order to examine whether there was a relationship between publicly available air quality data and the public’s perception of air quality and to suggest some guidelines for reducing air pollution. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 people were accidentally filled out the research questionnaires at mentioned sites and air quality data were obtained simultaneously from the Air Quality Control Department. Data was analyzed in Excel and SPSS software. Results: Clean air and secure job were of great importance to people comparing to other pleasant aspect of life. Also air pollution and fear of dangerous diseases were the most important of people concerns. The Indies bored /news paper services on air quality were little used by the public as a means of obtaining information on air pollution. Using public transportation and avoid unessential journeys are the most important ways for reducing air pollution. Conclusion: The results reveal that the public’s perception of air quality is not a reliable indicator of the actual levels of air pollution. Current earths to down actions are not effective and enough in reducing air pollution, therefore it seems participatory management and public participation is suitable guideline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20poll" title=" opinion poll"> opinion poll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20participation" title=" public participation"> public participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32309/investigation-of-public-perception-of-air-pollution-and-life-quality-in-tehran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Economic Evaluation Offshore Wind Project under Uncertainly and Risk Circumstances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Amir%20Hamzeh%20Mirkheshti">Sayed Amir Hamzeh Mirkheshti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Offshore wind energy as a strategic renewable energy, has been growing rapidly due to availability, abundance and clean nature of it. On the other hand, budget of this project is incredibly higher in comparison with other renewable energies and it takes more duration. Accordingly, precise estimation of time and cost is needed in order to promote awareness in the developers and society and to convince them to develop this kind of energy despite its difficulties. Occurrence risks during on project would cause its duration and cost constantly changed. Therefore, to develop offshore wind power, it is critical to consider all potential risks which impacted project and to simulate their impact. Hence, knowing about these risks could be useful for the selection of most influencing strategies such as avoidance, transition, and act in order to decrease their probability and impact. This paper presents an evaluation of the feasibility of 500 MV offshore wind project in the Persian Gulf and compares its situation with uncertainty resources and risk. The purpose of this study is to evaluate time and cost of offshore wind project under risk circumstances and uncertain resources by using Monte Carlo simulation. We analyzed each risk and activity along with their distribution function and their effect on the project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy%20project" title="wind energy project">wind energy project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertain%20resources" title=" uncertain resources"> uncertain resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risks" title=" risks"> risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82233/economic-evaluation-offshore-wind-project-under-uncertainly-and-risk-circumstances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> Wind Diesel Hybrid System without Battery Energy Storage Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rezvani">H. Rezvani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Monsef"> H. Monsef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hekmati"> A. Hekmati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the use of renewable energy sources has been increasingly great because of the cost increase and public demand for clean energy sources. One of the fastest growing sources is wind energy. In this paper, Wind Diesel Hybrid System (WDHS) comprising a Diesel Generator (DG), a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), the Consumer Load, a Battery-based Energy Storage System (BESS), and a Dump Load (DL) is used. Voltage is controlled by Diesel Generator; the frequency is controlled by BESS and DL. The BESS elimination is an efficient way to reduce maintenance cost and increase the dynamic response. Simulation results with graphs for the frequency of Power System, active power, and the battery power are presented for load changes. The controlling parameters are optimized by using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The simulation results for the BESS/no BESS cases are compared. Results show that in no BESS case, the frequency control is more optimal than the BESS case by using ICA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20diesel%20system" title=" wind diesel system"> wind diesel system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20generator" title=" induction generator"> induction generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperialist%20competitive%20algorithm" title=" imperialist competitive algorithm"> imperialist competitive algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26408/wind-diesel-hybrid-system-without-battery-energy-storage-using-imperialist-competitive-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Service Quality in Thai Tourism: An Experience of Inbound Tourists Visited Bangkok, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudawan%20Somjai">Sudawan Somjai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research were to investigate the five important perceptions of service quality from inbound tourists who visited Bangkok, Thailand in the first quarter of 2014. Data were collected from over 10 important tourist destinations in Bangkok. The independent variables of this study included gender, age, levels of education, occupation, income, and country of origin while the dependent variables included their experience, opinion, and comment on the service received during visited tourist destinations. A simple random sampling method was performed to obtain 400 respondents. The respondents were both male and female in the same proportion. However, the majority were between 31-40 years old. Most were married with an undergraduate degree. Most were considered themselves as middle income with an average income of the respondents was between $30,001-40,000 per year. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents came to Bangkok because of low cost and high quality of tourism. The majority came to Bangkok for the first time and spent about 10 days in Thailand. The five important service perceptions that were observed by the inbound tourists in descending order according to mean were reliable of service provider, proper time of service provider, competency of service provider, neat and clean of service provider, and politeness of service provider. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience" title="experience">experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inbound%20tourists" title=" inbound tourists"> inbound tourists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality" title=" service quality"> service quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24644/service-quality-in-thai-tourism-an-experience-of-inbound-tourists-visited-bangkok-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> Evaluation of Features Extraction Algorithms for a Real-Time Isolated Word Recognition System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomyslav%20Sledevi%C4%8D">Tomyslav Sledevič</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Art%C5%ABras%20Serackis"> Artūras Serackis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gintautas%20Tamulevi%C4%8Dius"> Gintautas Tamulevičius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalius%20Navakauskas"> Dalius Navakauskas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative evaluation of features extraction algorithm for a real-time isolated word recognition system based on FPGA. The Mel-frequency cepstral, linear frequency cepstral, linear predictive and their cepstral coefficients were implemented in hardware/software design. The proposed system was investigated in the speaker-dependent mode for 100 different Lithuanian words. The robustness of features extraction algorithms was tested recognizing the speech records at different signals to noise rates. The experiments on clean records show highest accuracy for Mel-frequency cepstral and linear frequency cepstral coefficients. For records with 15 dB signal to noise rate the linear predictive cepstral coefficients give best result. The hard and soft part of the system is clocked on 50 MHz and 100 MHz accordingly. For the classification purpose, the pipelined dynamic time warping core was implemented. The proposed word recognition system satisfies the real-time requirements and is suitable for applications in embedded systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolated%20word%20recognition" title="isolated word recognition">isolated word recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features%20extraction" title=" features extraction"> features extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MFCC" title=" MFCC"> MFCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LFCC" title=" LFCC"> LFCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPCC" title=" LPCC"> LPCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPC" title=" LPC"> LPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTW" title=" DTW"> DTW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2136/evaluation-of-features-extraction-algorithms-for-a-real-time-isolated-word-recognition-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> The Diversity of Black Flies in Peninsular Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20D.%20Chen">C. D. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Takaoka"> H. Takaoka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Ya%E2%80%99cob"> Z. Ya’cob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20L.%20Low"> V. L. Low</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20W.%20Lau"> K. W. Lau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sofian-Azirun"> M. Sofian-Azirun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adult black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are small (1.5-6.0 mm long), two-winged insects, and are well known as one of the biting flies of medical and veterinary importance. Female of certain species, when they bite and take blood, not only cause severe skin diseases to human and cattle but also play a role as vectors of viral, protozoan and filarial diseases in humans and animals. Black flies also attract environmental biologist and ecologist because their immature states breed only in clean running fresh waters, and larvae are one of the principal processors of plant debris in streams. All these researches on medical and ecological aspects of black flies could not be reliably proceeded without sufficient basic knowledge of the fauna of black flies established by traditional but still important morphotaxonomy. Previously, only 39 species of black flies were recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, all of which are classified into four subgenus (Daviesellum, Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia and Simulium) of the genus Simulium. We carried out faunal surveys and taxonomic works of black flies in Peninsular Malaysia since November 2010. A total of 17 new species and 4 newly recorded species were collected. This increased the number of the described species of black flies in Peninsular Malaysia from 39 to 60. Our results suggest that a much higher diverse nature of black flies in Peninsular Malaysia will be clarified by further extensive surveys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20flies" title="black flies">black flies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simulium" title=" Simulium"> Simulium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevermannia" title=" Nevermannia"> Nevermannia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feuerborni%20species-group" title=" feuerborni species-group"> feuerborni species-group</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14051/the-diversity-of-black-flies-in-peninsular-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Assessing Impacts of Climate Change on Rural Water Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ntandoyenkosi%20Moyo">Ntandoyenkosi Moyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Majority of rural Eastern Cape villages of South Africa households do not have access to safe water supply. Due to changes in climatic conditions for example higher temperatures, these sources become not reliable in supplying adequate and safe water to the population. These rural populations due to the drying up of water resources have to find other alternative ways to get water. Climate change has an impact on the reliability of water resources and this has an impact on rural communities. This study seeks to establish what alternative ways do people use when affected by unfavorable conditions like less rainfall and increased temperatures. The study also seeks to investigate any local and provincial intervention in the provision of water to the village. Interventions can be in the form of programmes or initiatives that involve water supply strategies. The community should participate fully in making sure that their place is serviced. The study will identify households with improved sources (JOJO tanks) and those with unimproved sources (rivers) and investigate what alternatives they resort to when their sources dry up. The study also investigates community views on whether they have any challenges of water supply (reliability and adequacy) as required by section 27(1) (b) of the constitution which states that everyone should have access to safe and clean water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20water%20resources" title="rural water resources">rural water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20sources" title=" improved sources"> improved sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unimproved%20sources" title=" unimproved sources"> unimproved sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51012/assessing-impacts-of-climate-change-on-rural-water-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Developing Local Wisdom to Integrate Etnobiology and Biodiversity Conservation in Mount Ungaran, Central Java Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margareta%20Rahayuningsih">Margareta Rahayuningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Rahayu%20Utami"> Nur Rahayu Utami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsabit%20A.%20M."> Tsabit A. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muh.%20Abdullah"> Muh. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mount Ungaran is one area that has remaining natural forest in Central Java, Indonesia. Mount Ungaran consists of several habitats that supporting appropriate areas for flora, fauna, and microorganisms biodiversity, particularly of it is protected by government law and IUCN red list data. Therefore, Mount Ungaran also settled up as AZE (Alliance for Zero Extinction) and IBA (Important Bird Area). The land use for agriculture and plantation reduces forest covered areas. It is serious threat to the existence of biodiversity in Moun Ungaran. This research has been identified community local wisdom that possible to be integrated as ethno-biological research and biodiversity conservation. The result showed at least four local wisdom that possible to be integrated to ethno-biological and biodiversity conservation were Wit Weh Woh (a ceremony of life-giving tree), Grebeg Alas Susuk Wangan (a ceremony for forest protection), Iriban (a ceremony of clean water resource protection), and tingkep tandur (a ceremony for ready-harvested plant protection). It is needed ethno-biological researches of local wisdom-contained values, which essential to be developed as a strategy for biodiversity conservation in Mount Ungaran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mount%20Ungaran" title="Mount Ungaran">Mount Ungaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdom" title=" local wisdom"> local wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragmentation" title=" fragmentation"> fragmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67613/developing-local-wisdom-to-integrate-etnobiology-and-biodiversity-conservation-in-mount-ungaran-central-java-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> The Reef as Multiple: Coral Reefs between Exploitation and Protection along the Mexican Riviera Maya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Otto">Laura Otto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sargasso algae currently threatens both livelihoods and marine eco systems along the Riviera Maya in Mexico. While the area was previously known for its white beaches, pristine waters, and intact, colorful reefs, the algae has turned the beaches into ‘stinky stretches of sand,’ made the water brown, and has led to reef degradation causing coral colonies to die off in vast amounts. Drawing on ethnographic research in the area, this paper shows how the reef was exploited for tourism before the Sargasso algae landed, and reef protection played a minor role among hoteliers, tourists, and tour operators. However, since Sargasso began arriving in large quantities, the reef has taken on new significance. Both natural science research and the everyday handling of Sargasso along the coast show that an intact reef provides a natural barrier for the algae and keeps them from reaching the beaches. Clean beaches are important to various local actors–among them, hotel operators, tourists, environmentalists – and against the backdrop of beach commodification, reefs are now taking on new meaning. The paper consequently discusses the commodification of beaches as more-than-human entanglements and illuminates which new human-environment relationships are currently emerging in the Anthropocene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropocene" title="anthropocene">anthropocene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-environment-relations" title=" human-environment-relations"> human-environment-relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fieldwork" title=" fieldwork"> fieldwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mexico" title=" mexico"> mexico</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138709/the-reef-as-multiple-coral-reefs-between-exploitation-and-protection-along-the-mexican-riviera-maya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> A System Dynamics Approach to Exploring Personality Traits in Young Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misagh%20Faezipour">Misagh Faezipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> System dynamics is a systems engineering approach that can help address the complex challenges in different systems. Little is known about how the brain represents people to predict behavior. This work is based on how the brain simulates different personal behavior and responds to them in the case of young children ages one to five. As we know, children’s minds/brains are just as clean as a crystal, and throughout time, in their surroundings, families, and education center, they grow to develop and have different kinds of behavior towards the world and the society they live in. Hence, this work aims to identify how young children respond to various personality behavior and observes their reactions towards them from a system dynamics perspective. We will be exploring the Big Five personality traits in young children. A causal model is developed in support of the system dynamics approach. These models graphically present the factors and factor relationships that contribute to the big five personality traits and provide a better understanding of the entire behavior model. A simulator will be developed that includes a set of causal model factors and factor relationships. The simulator models the behavior of different factors related to personality traits and their impacts and can help make more informed decisions in a risk-free environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20traits" title="personality traits">personality traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems%20engineering" title=" systems engineering"> systems engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20dynamics" title=" system dynamics"> system dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causal%20model" title=" causal model"> causal model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20model" title=" behavior model"> behavior model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159490/a-system-dynamics-approach-to-exploring-personality-traits-in-young-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> Design and Fabrication of an Electrostatically Actuated Parallel-Plate Mirror by 3D-Printer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Mizuno">J. Mizuno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Takahashi"> S. Takahashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, design and fabrication of an actuated parallel-plate mirror based on a 3D-printer is described. The mirror and electrode layers are fabricated separately and assembled thereafter. The alignment is performed by dowel pin-hole pairs fabricated on the respective layers. The electrodes are formed on the surface of the electrode layer by Au ion sputtering using a suitable mask, which is also fabricated by a 3D-printer.For grounding the mirror layer, except the contact area with the electrode paths, all the surface is Au ion sputtered. 3D-printers are widely used for creating 3D models or mock-ups. The authors have recently proposed that these models can perform electromechanical functions such as actuators by suitably masking them followed by metallization process. Since the smallest possible fabrication size is in the order of sub-millimeters, these electromechanical devices are named by the authors as SMEMS (Sub-Milli Electro-Mechanical Systems) devices. The proposed mirror described in this paper which consists of parallel-plate electrostatic actuators is also one type of SMEMS devices. In addition, SMEMS is totally environment-clean compared to MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) fabrication processes because any hazardous chemicals or gases are utilized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS" title="MEMS">MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel-plate%20mirror" title=" parallel-plate mirror"> parallel-plate mirror</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMEMS" title=" SMEMS"> SMEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-printer" title=" 3D-printer"> 3D-printer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5014/design-and-fabrication-of-an-electrostatically-actuated-parallel-plate-mirror-by-3d-printer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> Titania Assisted Metal-Organic Framework Matrix for Elevated Hydrogen Generation Combined with the Production of Graphene Sheets through Water-Splitting Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20M.%20Gobara">Heba M. Gobara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20M.%20El-Naggar"> Ahmed A. M. El-Naggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20S.%20El-Sayed"> Rasha S. El-Sayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20A.%20AlKahlawy"> Amal A. AlKahlawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, metal organic framework (Cr-MIL-101) and TiO₂ nanoparticles were utilized as two semiconductors for water splitting process. The coupling of both semiconductors in order to improve the photocatalytic reactivity for the hydrogen production in presence of methanol as a hole scavenger under visible light (sunlight) has been performed. The forementioned semiconductors and the collected samples after water splitting application are characterized by several techniques viz., XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, TEM, ED, EDX, Raman spectroscopy and the total content of carbon. The results revealed an efficient yield of H₂ production with maximum purity 99.3% with the in-situ formation of graphene oxide nanosheets and multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated over the surface of the physically mixed Cr-MIL-101–TiO₂ system. The amount of H₂ gas produced was stored when using Cr-MIL-101 catalyst individually. The obtained data in this work provides promising candidate materials for pure hydrogen production as a clean fuel acquired from the water splitting process. In addition, the in-situ production of graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes is counted as promising advances for the presented process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title="hydrogen production">hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20splitting" title=" water splitting"> water splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysts" title=" photocatalysts"> photocatalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graphene" title=" Graphene"> Graphene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89204/titania-assisted-metal-organic-framework-matrix-for-elevated-hydrogen-generation-combined-with-the-production-of-graphene-sheets-through-water-splitting-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Utilization of Fins to Improve the Response of Pile under Torsional Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseim%20Ragab%20Azzam%20Ahmed%20Mohamed%20Nasr">Waseim Ragab Azzam Ahmed Mohamed Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aalaa%20Ibrahim%20Khater"> Aalaa Ibrahim Khater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Torsional loads from offshore wind turbines, waves, wind, earthquakes, ship collisions in the maritime environment, and electrical transmission towers might affect the pile foundations. Torsional loads can also be caused by the axial load from the sustaining structures. The paper introduces the finned pile, an alternative method of pile modification. The effects of torsional loads were investigated through a series of experimental tests aimed at improving the torsional capacity of a single pile in the sand (where sand was utilized in a state of medium density (Dr = 50%), with or without fins. In these tests, the fins' length, width, form, and number were varied to see how these attributes affected the maximum torsional capacity of the piles. We have noticed the torsion-rotation reaction. The findings demonstrated that the fins improve the maximum torsional capacity of the piles. It was demonstrated that a length of 0.6 times the embedded pile's length and a width equivalent to the pile's diameter constitute the optimal fin geometry. For the conventional pile and the finned pile, the maximum torsional capacities were determined to be 4.12 N.m. and 7.36 N.m., respectively. When subjected to torsional loads, the fins' presence enhanced the piles' maximum torsional capacity by almost 79%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20sand" title="clean sand">clean sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finned%20piles" title=" finned piles"> finned piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20tests" title=" model tests"> model tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20load" title=" torsional load"> torsional load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180827/utilization-of-fins-to-improve-the-response-of-pile-under-torsional-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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