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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soda bread</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa_de_soda" title="Pa de soda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pa de soda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soda bread" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Soda bread" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karask" title="Karask – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karask" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_de_soda" title="Pan de soda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pan de soda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_ogi" title="Soda ogi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Soda ogi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_au_bicarbonate_de_sodium" title="Pain au bicarbonate de sodium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pain au bicarbonate de sodium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1n_s%C3%B3ide" title="Arán sóide – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Arán sóide" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_de_soda" title="Pan de soda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pan de soda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%8B%A4%EB%B9%B5" title="소다빵 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소다빵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti_soda" title="Roti soda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roti soda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94" title="לחם סודה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לחם סודה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti_soda" title="Roti soda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Roti soda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodabrood" title="Sodabrood – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sodabrood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89" title="ソーダブレッド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソーダブレッド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chleb_sodowy" title="Chleb sodowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chleb sodowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Содовый хлеб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Содовый хлеб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soda bread" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soodaleip%C3%A4" title="Soodaleipä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Soodaleipä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikarbonatbr%C3%B6d" title="Bikarbonatbröd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bikarbonatbröd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1" title="Содовий хліб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Содовий хліб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%B3%E6%89%93%E5%8C%85" title="梳打包 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梳打包" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2336063#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Soda_bread" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wheat bread leavened with baking soda</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Soda bread</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_W_Bell_Soda_Bread_Farl_05_June_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="flat, triangular bread with pale surface irregularly covered with browning."><img alt="flat, triangular bread with pale surface irregularly covered with browning." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ben_W_Bell_Soda_Bread_Farl_05_June_2007.jpg/250px-Ben_W_Bell_Soda_Bread_Farl_05_June_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ben_W_Bell_Soda_Bread_Farl_05_June_2007.jpg/375px-Ben_W_Bell_Soda_Bread_Farl_05_June_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ben_W_Bell_Soda_Bread_Farl_05_June_2007.jpg/500px-Ben_W_Bell_Soda_Bread_Farl_05_June_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="481" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">An Irish soda <a href="/wiki/Farl" title="Farl">farl</a>, made by cutting a flattened round of dough into four pieces, then baking</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">Quick bread</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Soda_Bread_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Soda_Bread-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data author"><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Soda_Bread_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Soda_Bread-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">Flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">sodium bicarbonate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Soda_Bread" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Soda Bread">Cookbook: Soda bread</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soda_breads" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Soda breads">Media: Soda bread</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soda_bread.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="round bread loaf with craggy brown surface marked with an x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Soda_bread.jpg/220px-Soda_bread.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Soda_bread.jpg/330px-Soda_bread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Soda_bread.jpg/440px-Soda_bread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Whole_grain" title="Whole grain">Whole wheat</a> soda bread (known as <i>wheaten bread</i> in parts of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_Flat_Sodabreads,_Skansen_in_Sanok,_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="basket filled with round, flat pieces of bread with some browning and charring on the surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Polish_Flat_Sodabreads%2C_Skansen_in_Sanok%2C_2010.png/220px-Polish_Flat_Sodabreads%2C_Skansen_in_Sanok%2C_2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Polish_Flat_Sodabreads%2C_Skansen_in_Sanok%2C_2010.png/330px-Polish_Flat_Sodabreads%2C_Skansen_in_Sanok%2C_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Polish_Flat_Sodabreads%2C_Skansen_in_Sanok%2C_2010.png/440px-Polish_Flat_Sodabreads%2C_Skansen_in_Sanok%2C_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Polish flat soda bread (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Proziaki" title="Proziaki">proziaki</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Podkarpackie_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Podkarpackie Voivodeship">Podkarpacie</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Soda bread</b> is a variety of <a href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">quick bread</a> made in many cuisines in which <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">sodium bicarbonate</a> (otherwise known as "baking soda", or in Ireland, "bread soda") is used as a <a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">leavening agent</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>. The basic ingredients of soda bread are <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">baking soda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a>. The buttermilk contains <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a>, which reacts with the baking soda to form bubbles of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>. Other ingredients can be added, such as butter, egg, raisins, or nuts. Quick breads can be prepared quickly and reliably, without requiring the time and labor needed for kneaded yeast breads. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soda bread is made with coarse flour, white, whole meal, or a mix. High protein flour is not used because the preferred texture is "moist and crumbly". Other grains (such as rolled oats) may be added.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soda bread is generally not kneaded because kneading can toughen it.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buttermilk or sour milk is the usual liquid acid ingredient.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Variants may add <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg as food">eggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">treacle</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_brown_soda_bread.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="dark brown, rectangular loaf topped with flecks of white powder and slice sitting on plate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Irish_brown_soda_bread.JPG/220px-Irish_brown_soda_bread.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Irish_brown_soda_bread.JPG/330px-Irish_brown_soda_bread.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Irish_brown_soda_bread.JPG/440px-Irish_brown_soda_bread.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Home-made Irish brown soda bread</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional Irish bread was historically cooked on a griddle as <a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a> because the domestic flours did not have the properties needed to rise effectively when combined with <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>. Baking soda offered an alternative, but its popularity declined for a time when imported high-gluten flours became available. Brown soda bread (served with smoked salmon) reappeared on luxury hotel menus in the 1960s. Modern varieties can be found at Irish cafes and bakeries, some made with <a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">treacle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a>, and herbs, but the sweetened version with <a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">caraway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a> is rarely seen anymore. Soda bread made with raisins is colloquially called "Spotted Dog" or "Spotted Dick".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the flour is typically made from <a href="/wiki/Soft_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft wheat">soft wheat</a>, so soda bread is best made with a cake or pastry flour (made from soft wheat), which has lower levels of <a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">gluten</a> than a bread flour. In some recipes, the buttermilk is replaced by live <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">stout</a>. Because the leavening action starts immediately (compared to the time taken for yeast bread to rise), bakers recommend the minimum amount of mixing of the ingredients before baking; the dough should not be kneaded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Various forms of soda bread are popular throughout Ireland. Soda breads are made using wholemeal, white flour, or both. In <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>, the wholemeal variety is usually known as <i>wheaten bread</i> and is normally sweetened, while the term "soda bread" is restricted to the white savoury form. In the southern provinces of Ireland, the wholemeal variety is usually known as <i>brown bread</i> and is almost identical to the Ulster wheaten. In some parts of <a href="/wiki/Fermanagh" title="Fermanagh">Fermanagh</a>, the white flour form of the bread is described as <i>fadge</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FermanaghGoldThread_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FermanaghGoldThread-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IrishBlessingsTours_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrishBlessingsTours-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "griddle cakes", "griddle bread" (or <i>soda <a href="/wiki/Farl" title="Farl">farls</a></i> in Ulster) take a more rounded shape and have a cross cut in the top to allow the bread to expand. The griddle cake or farl is a more flattened type of bread. It is cooked on a <a href="/wiki/Griddle" title="Griddle">griddle</a>, allowing it to take a more flat shape, and it is split into four sections. The soda farl is one of the distinguishing elements of the <a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ulster" title="Full breakfast">Ulster fry</a>, where it is served alongside <a href="/wiki/Potato_bread" title="Potato bread">potato bread</a>, also in farl form.<sup id="cite_ref-Ulster_Fry_Recipe_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulster_Fry_Recipe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, varieties of soda breads and griddle sodas include <a href="/wiki/Bannock_(British_food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bannock (British food)">bannocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farl" title="Farl">farls</a> (Scots: <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">fardel</i></span>, "a fourth"), "soda scones", or "soda farls", using <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">baking powder</a> or baking soda as a leavening agent giving the food a light and airy texture.<sup id="cite_ref-BannockPE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BannockPE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ingram_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bannocks are flat cakes of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oatmeal" title="Oatmeal">oatmeal</a> <a href="/wiki/Dough" title="Dough">dough</a> formed into a round or oval shape, then cooked on a <a href="/wiki/Griddle" title="Griddle">griddle</a> (Scots: <i><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">girdle</i></span></i>). The most authentic versions are unleavened, but from the early 19th century bannocks have been made using baking powder, or a combination of baking soda and buttermilk or <a href="/wiki/Clabber_(food)" title="Clabber (food)">clabbered milk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BannockPE_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BannockPE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the 19th century, bannocks were cooked on a bannock stone (Scots: <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">stane</i></span>), a large, flat, rounded piece of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, placed directly onto a fire, then used as a cooking surface.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several varieties of bannock include Selkirk bannocks, <a href="/wiki/Bere_(grain)" title="Bere (grain)">beremeal</a> bannocks, <a href="/wiki/Michaelmas" title="Michaelmas">Michaelmas</a> bannock, <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Yetholm" title="Kirk Yetholm">Yetholm</a> bannock, and <a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> bannock.<sup id="cite_ref-BannockPE_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BannockPE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional soda farl is used in the <a href="/wiki/Full_Scottish_breakfast#Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Full Scottish breakfast">full Scottish breakfast</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Potato_scone" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato scone">potato scone</a> (Scots: <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">tattie scone</i></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesnica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A number of hands break open a pale loaf made of several smaller buns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cesnica.jpg/225px-Cesnica.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cesnica.jpg/338px-Cesnica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Cesnica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Members of a Serbian family break soda bread or <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesnica" title="Česnica">česnica</a> at a Christmas dinner.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> tradition, soda bread is prepared by various rules and rituals. A coin is often put into the dough during the kneading; other small objects may also be inserted. At the beginning of Christmas dinner, the <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesnica" title="Česnica">česnica</a></i> is rotated three times counter-clockwise, before being broken among the family members. The person who finds the coin in their piece of the bread will supposedly be exceptionally lucky in the coming year. Before baking, the upper surface of the loaf may be inscribed with various symbols,<sup id="cite_ref-plotnikova_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plotnikova-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as a <a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christogram</a>, or stars, circles, and impressions of keys or combs.<sup id="cite_ref-vukmanovic_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vukmanovic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_of_America">United States of America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States of America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the early years of European settlement of the Americas, settlers used soda or <a href="/wiki/Pearl_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl ash">pearl ash</a>, more commonly known as potash (pot ash) or <a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">potassium carbonate</a>, as a leavening agent (the forerunner to baking soda) in <a href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">quick breads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1824, <i>The Virginia Housewife</i> by Mary Randolph was published containing a recipe for Soda Cake.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1846, two American bakers, John Dwight and Austin Church, established the first factory in the United States to produce baking soda from sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide. </p><p>Modern American versions of Irish soda bread often include raisins or currants, and caraway seeds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proziaki" title="Proziaki">Proziaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breads" title="List of breads">List of breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of Irish dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quick_breads" title="List of quick breads">List of quick breads</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Soda_Bread-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Soda_Bread_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Soda_Bread_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSociety_for_the_Preservation_of_the_Soda_Bread" class="citation book cs1">Society for the Preservation of the Soda Bread. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sodabread.info/history"><i>Society for the Preservation of the Irish Soda Bread</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society+for+the+Preservation+of+the+Irish+Soda+Bread&rft.au=Society+for+the+Preservation+of+the+Soda+Bread&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sodabread.info%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2014/feb/05/how-to-bake-perfect-soda-bread">"How to bake the perfect soda bread"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 5 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+to+bake+the+perfect+soda+bread&rft.date=2014-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fwordofmouth%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F05%2Fhow-to-bake-perfect-soda-bread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20160920-secrets-of-the-soda-bread-masters">"Secrets of the soda bread masters"</a>. BBC. 20 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Secrets+of+the+soda+bread+masters&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Fstory%2F20160920-secrets-of-the-soda-bread-masters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FermanaghGoldThread-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FermanaghGoldThread_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/FERMANAGH-GOLD/2008-11/1225976149/">"Fermanagh Gold Thread"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fermanagh+Gold+Thread&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com%2Fth%2Fread%2FFERMANAGH-GOLD%2F2008-11%2F1225976149%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IrishBlessingsTours-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IrishBlessingsTours_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714134748/http://www.irishblessingstours.com/blog/an-authentic-slice-of-ireland/">"Irish Blessings Tours"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishblessingstours.com/blog/an-authentic-slice-of-ireland/">the original</a> on 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+Blessings+Tours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishblessingstours.com%2Fblog%2Fan-authentic-slice-of-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ulster_Fry_Recipe-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ulster_Fry_Recipe_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/4food/recipes/breakfast/ulster-fry-recipe">"Programmes – Most Popular – All 4"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Programmes+%E2%80%93+Most+Popular+%E2%80%93+All+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2F4food%2Frecipes%2Fbreakfast%2Fulster-fry-recipe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BannockPE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BannockPE_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BannockPE_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BannockPE_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120163225/http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/bannock">"Bannock"</a>. <i>Practically Edible: The Web's Biggest Food Encyclopaedia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/bannock">the original</a> on 20 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Practically+Edible%3A+The+Web%27s+Biggest+Food+Encyclopaedia&rft.atitle=Bannock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.practicallyedible.com%2Fedible.nsf%2Fpages%2Fbannock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingram-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ingram_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngramJennie_Shapter2003" class="citation book cs1">Ingram, Christine; Jennie Shapter (2003). <i>BREAD: the breads of the world and how to bake them at home</i>. (Originally published as <i>The World Encyclopedia of Bread and Bread Making</i>.) London: Hermes House. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-681-87922-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-681-87922-X"><bdi>0-681-87922-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BREAD%3A+the+breads+of+the+world+and+how+to+bake+them+at+home&rft.place=%28Originally+published+as+%27%27The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Bread+and+Bread+Making%27%27.%29+London&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Hermes+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-681-87922-X&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.au=Jennie+Shapter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2003" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Bernard Jr. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bernardclaytonsn00clay_0"><i>Bernard Clayton's New Complete Book of Breads</i></a></span>. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bernardclaytonsn00clay_0/page/555">555</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-3472-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-3472-3"><bdi>0-7432-3472-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bernard+Clayton%27s+New+Complete+Book+of+Breads&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=555&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7432-3472-3&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Bernard+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbernardclaytonsn00clay_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeilden1999" class="citation web cs1">Feilden, Rosemary (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aberdeen.ac.uk/virtualmuseum/pictures_show2.php?prefix=ABDUA&num=16317">"Bannock Stane at Aberdeen University's Virtual Museum"</a>. Aberdeen University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bannock+Stane+at+Aberdeen+University%27s+Virtual+Museum&rft.pub=Aberdeen+University&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Feilden&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faberdeen.ac.uk%2Fvirtualmuseum%2Fpictures_show2.php%3Fprefix%3DABDUA%26num%3D16317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plotnikova-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-plotnikova_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlotnikova2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Plotnikova, A. A. (2001). "Чесница". In Svetlana Mikhaylovna Tolstaya and Ljubinko Radenković (ed.). <i>Словенска митологија: енциклопедијски речник [Slavic mythology: encyclopedic dictionary]</i> (in Serbian). <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>: Zepter Book World. pp. 577–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-7494-025-0" title="Special:BookSources/86-7494-025-0"><bdi>86-7494-025-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%3A+%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%5BSlavic+mythology%3A+encyclopedic+dictionary%5D&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=577-78&rft.pub=Zepter+Book+World&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=86-7494-025-0&rft.aulast=Plotnikova&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vukmanovic-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vukmanovic_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVukmanović1962" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vukmanović, Jovan (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-bo/ljudi/jvukmanovic-bozic.html">"Božićni običaji u Boki Kotorskoj"</a> [Christmas traditions in the Bay of Kotor]. <i>Zbornik za narodni život i običaje Južnih Slovena</i> (in Serbian). <b>40</b>. Zagreb: The Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts: 491–503<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zbornik+za+narodni+%C5%BEivot+i+obi%C4%8Daje+Ju%C5%BEnih+Slovena&rft.atitle=Bo%C5%BEi%C4%87ni+obi%C4%8Daji+u+Boki+Kotorskoj&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=491-503&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Vukmanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jovan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Frastko-bo%2Fljudi%2Fjvukmanovic-bozic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315062615/http://www.davidwalbert.com/2010/02/03/early-american-gingerbread-cakes/">"Early American gingerbread cakes | Walbert's Compendium"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidwalbert.com/2010/02/03/early-american-gingerbread-cakes/">the original</a> on 15 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+American+gingerbread+cakes+%26%23124%3B+Walbert%27s+Compendium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidwalbert.com%2F2010%2F02%2F03%2Fearly-american-gingerbread-cakes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoda+bread" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Virginia Housewife</i> by Mary Randolph 1824, p136.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soda_breads" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Soda breads">Soda breads</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Soda_Bread" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Soda Bread"> Soda Bread</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sodabread.info/">Society for the Preservation of Irish Soda Bread</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeancuisines.com/Peters-Mums-Soda-Bread-Recipe">History of and recipes for Irish Soda bread at European Cuisines.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bread" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bread" title="Template:Bread"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bread" title="Template talk:Bread"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bread" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bread"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bread" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_breads" title="List of breads">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bread" title="Brown bread">Brown bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun" title="Bun">Bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">Flatbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multigrain_bread" title="Multigrain bread">Multigrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">Quick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">Rye bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-rising_bread" title="Salt-rising bread">Salt-rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich_bread" title="Sandwich bread">Sandwich bread</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sourdough" title="Sourdough">Sourdough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprouted_bread" title="Sprouted bread">Sprouted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unleavened_bread" title="Unleavened bread">Unleavened</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_bread" title="White bread">White bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_wheat_bread" title="Whole wheat bread">Whole wheat</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brown bread"><img alt="Brown bread" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg/146px-Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg/219px-Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg/292px-Fresh_made_bread_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="1684" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast" title="Baker's yeast">Baker's yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barm" title="Barm">Barm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_propanoate" title="Calcium propanoate">Calcium propanoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dough_conditioner" title="Dough conditioner">Dough conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">Eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">Flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">Leavening agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oven" title="Oven">Oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_machine" title="Bread machine">Bread machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_pan" title="Bread pan">Bread pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dough_scraper" class="mw-redirect" title="Dough scraper">Dough scraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinograph" title="Farinograph">Farinograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame_(kitchen_tool)" title="Lame (kitchen tool)">Lame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_(tool)" title="Peel (tool)">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(appliance)" title="Mixer (appliance)">Stand mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_warmer" title="Bread warmer">Warmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster" title="Toaster">Toaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale" title="Weighing scale">Weighing scales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes and<br />techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autolysis_(biology)" title="Autolysis (biology)">Autolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">Baking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_(bread_baking)" title="Biga (bread baking)">Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorleywood_bread_process" title="Chorleywood bread process">Chorleywood bread process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneading" title="Kneading">Kneading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">Leavening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillard_reaction" title="Maillard reaction">Maillard reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-knead_bread" title="No-knead bread">No-knead bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proofing_(baking_technique)" title="Proofing (baking technique)">Proofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ferment" title="Pre-ferment">Pre-ferment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliced_bread" title="Sliced bread">Pre-slicing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_and_dough" title="Sponge and dough">Sponge and dough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steaming" title="Steaming">Steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_dough" title="Straight dough">Straight dough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_bread" title="Vienna bread">Vienna process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_crumbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread crumbs">Bread crumbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_bowl" title="Bread bowl">Bread bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_pakora" title="Bread pakora">Bread pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_pudding" title="Bread pudding">Bread pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouton" title="Crouton">Croutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_toast" title="French toast">French toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusk" title="Rusk">Rusks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast_(food)" title="Toast (food)">Toast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">Bakery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Breadmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_percentage" title="Baker percentage">Baker percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_salt" title="Bread and salt">Bread and salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_in_Europe" title="Bread in Europe">Bread in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_clip" title="Bread clip">Bread clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_breads" title="List of American breads">American breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_breads" title="List of brand name breads">Brand name breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bread_dishes" title="List of bread dishes">Bread dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bread_rolls" title="List of bread rolls">Bread rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_breads" title="List of British breads">British breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buns" class="mw-redirect" title="List of buns">Buns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_breads" title="List of French breads">French breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_breads" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian breads">Indian breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_breads" title="List of Pakistani breads">Pakistani breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quick_breads" title="List of quick breads">Quick breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sourdough_breads" title="List of sourdough breads">Sourdough breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweet_breads" title="List of sweet breads">Sweet breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_breads" title="List of Swiss breads">Swiss breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_toast_dishes" title="List of toast dishes">Toast dishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Breads" title="Category:Breads">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irish_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_cuisine" title="Template:Irish cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_cuisine" title="Template talk:Irish cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of Irish dishes</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_cabbage" title="Bacon and cabbage">Bacon and cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaa" title="Blaa">Blaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxty" title="Boxty">Boxty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_roll" title="Breakfast roll">Breakfast roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bread" title="Brown bread">Brown bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrus_crispus" title="Chondrus crispus">Carrageen moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(food)" title="Champ (food)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fillet_roll" title="Chicken fillet roll">Chicken fillet roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cider_in_Ireland" title="Cider in Ireland">Cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Island_Salmon" title="Clare Island Salmon">Clare Island Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddle" title="Coddle">Coddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcannon" title="Colcannon">Colcannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comber_Earlies" title="Comber Earlies">Comber Earlies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connemara_Hill_Lamb" title="Connemara Hill Lamb">Connemara Hill Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crubeens" title="Crubeens">Crubeens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmaria_palmata" title="Palmaria palmata">Dilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrops_norvegicus" title="Nephrops norvegicus">Dublin Bay prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">Drisheen</a> (Packet) and <a href="/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">Tripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goody_(dessert)" title="Goody (dessert)">Goody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imokilly_Regato" title="Imokilly Regato">Imokilly Regato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_cheeses" title="List of Irish cheeses">Irish cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Lumper" title="Irish Lumper">Irish Lumper potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stew" title="Irish stew">Irish stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_ham" title="Limerick ham">Limerick ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriel_Sea_Minerals" title="Oriel Sea Minerals">Oriel Sea Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriel_Sea_Salt" title="Oriel Sea Salt">Oriel Sea Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_bread" title="Potato bread">Potato bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirts_and_kidneys" title="Skirts and kidneys">Skirts and kidneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneem_Black_Pudding" title="Sneem Black Pudding">Sneem Black Pudding</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_bag" title="Spice bag">Spice bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiced_beef" title="Spiced beef">Spiced beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoleague_Brown_Pudding" title="Timoleague Brown Pudding">Timoleague Brown Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-in-1_(fast_food_dish)" title="3-in-1 (fast food dish)">Three-in-One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veda_bread" title="Veda bread">Veda bread</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Full_Irish_breakfast" title="Full breakfast">Irish breakfast</a></b> <ul><li>including: <a href="/wiki/Black_pudding" title="Black pudding">Black pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pudding" title="White pudding">White pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon#United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" title="Bacon">Rashers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_egg" title="Fried egg">Fried eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ulster" title="Full breakfast">Ulster Fry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_cuisine" title="Category:Irish cuisine">Category: Irish cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irish_breads" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_bread" title="Template:Irish bread"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_bread" title="Template talk:Irish bread"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_bread" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish bread"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_breads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Irish breads</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast_bap" title="Belfast bap">Belfast bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaa" title="Blaa">Blaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bread" title="Brown bread">Brown bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farl" title="Farl">Farl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_bread" title="Fried bread">Fried bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_bread" title="Potato bread">Potato bread</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veda_bread" title="Veda bread">Veda bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Bread_Recipes" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Bread Recipes">Recipes on WikiBooks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_breads" title="Category:Irish breads">Category:Irish breads</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/16px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/24px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/16px-NIShape.gif" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/24px-NIShape.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NIShape.gif/32px-NIShape.gif 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="405" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Northern_Ireland" title="Portal:Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ireland_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ireland_topics" title="Template talk:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ireland_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ireland-related_topics" title="List of Ireland-related topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Outline of the Republic of Ireland">topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Northern_Ireland%E2%80%93related_topics" title="List of Northern Ireland–related topics">topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_Ireland" title="Protohistory of Ireland">Protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">800–1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">1169–1536</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">1536–1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">1691–1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">1801–1923</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ireland_(1921%E2%80%931922)" title="Southern Ireland (1921–1922)">Southern Ireland (1921–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (1921–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">since 1922</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State (1922–1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland (since 1922)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Battles of Tara</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" title="Battle of Glenmama">Glenmama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland" title="Bruce campaign in Ireland">Bruce campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Settlement of 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Famine_(1740%E2%80%931741)" title="Irish Famine (1740–1741)">First Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Act of Union (1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">1803 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe_War" title="Tithe War">Tithe War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Second Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_War" title="Land War">Land War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_lock-out" title="Dublin lock-out">Dublin lock-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Home Rule crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Northern Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_banking_crisis" title="Post-2008 Irish banking crisis">Post-2008 Irish banking crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ireland" title="List of conflicts in Ireland">List of conflicts in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes#Goidels_/_Gaels_/_Hibernians" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">List of Irish tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">List of Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">List of High Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland#Dress" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic clothing and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland">List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Climate change in the Republic of Ireland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_landforms_of_Ireland" title="Coastal landforms of Ireland">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Ireland" title="Extreme points of Ireland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ireland" title="Fauna of Ireland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loughs_of_Ireland" title="List of loughs of Ireland">Loughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_in_Ireland" title="Lists of mountains in Ireland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland">List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom#National_parks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ireland" title="Architecture of Ireland">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of buildings in Ireland">Notable buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest structures in Ireland">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Ireland" title="List of ports in Ireland">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">ROI–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_towns_in_Ireland" title="Lists of towns in Ireland">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Tourism in the Republic of Ireland">Tourism in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Law of the Republic of Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas"><i>Oireachtas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">parliament</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann"><i>Dáil Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><i>Seanad Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Taxation in the Republic of Ireland">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_cabbage" title="Bacon and cabbage">Bacon and cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxty" title="Boxty">Boxty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(food)" title="Champ (food)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddle" title="Coddle">Coddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcannon" title="Colcannon">Colcannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">Drisheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ireland" title="Full breakfast">Irish fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirts_and_kidneys" title="Skirts and kidneys">Skirts and kidneys</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_bag" title="Spice bag">Spice Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stew" title="Irish stew">Stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-in-1_(fast_food_dish)" title="3-in-1 (fast food dish)">Three-in-One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">Set dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Stepdance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">The Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lúnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Tralee_(festival)" title="Rose of Tralee (festival)">Rose of Tralee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_Day" title="Wren Day">Wren Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_dialect" title="Ulster Scots dialect">Ulster Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_prose_fiction" title="Irish prose fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Gaeilge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_poetry" title="Irish poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_theatre" title="Irish theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triads_of_Ireland" title="Triads of Ireland">Triads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_ballads" title="List of Irish ballads">Ballads</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">Céilí</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Folk music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music_session" title="Irish traditional music session">session</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_musical_instruments" title="Category:Irish musical instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Irish_singing" title="Traditional Irish singing">Traditional singing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a 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