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air</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: clean air"> <meta name="keywords" content="clean air"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="clean air"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 781</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: clean air</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">781</span> Challenges and Problems of the Implementation of the Individual's Right to a Safe and Clean Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20Perkumiene">Dalia Perkumiene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of globalization has several unforeseen negative effects on the quality of the environment, including increased pollution, climate change, and the depletion and destruction of natural resources. The impact of these processes makes it difficult to guarantee citizens' rights to a clean environment, and complex legal solutions are needed to implement this right. In order to implement human rights in a clean and safe environment, international legal documents and court rulings are analyzed. It is important to find a balance between the legal context: the right to a clean environment and environmental challenges such as climate change and global warming. Research Methods: The following methods were used in this study: analytical, analysis, and synthesis of scientific literature and legal documents, comparative analysis of legal acts, and generalization. Major Findings: It is difficult to implement the right to a clean, safe and sustainable environment. The successful implementation of this right depends on the application of various complex ideas and rational, not only legal solutions. Legislative measures aim to maximize the implementation of citizens' rights in the face of climate change and other environmental challenges. This area remains problematic, especially in international law. Concluding Statement: The right to a clean environment should allow a person to live in a harmonious system, where environmental factors do not pose a risk to human health and well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20and%20safe%20and%20clean%20environmen" title="clean and safe and clean environmen">clean and safe and clean environmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmen" title=" environmen"> environmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persons%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" persons’ rights"> persons’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20a%20clean%20and%20safe%20and%20clean%20environment" title=" right to a clean and safe and clean environment"> right to a clean and safe and clean environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127454/challenges-and-problems-of-the-implementation-of-the-individuals-right-to-a-safe-and-clean-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">780</span> Airborne Molecular Contamination in Clean Room Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Rajam%C3%A4ki">T. Rajamäki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In clean room environment molecular contamination in very small concentrations can cause significant harm for the components and processes. This is commonly referred as airborne molecular contamination (AMC). There is a shortage of high sensitivity continuous measurement data for existence and behavior of several of these contaminants. Accordingly, in most cases correlation between concentration of harmful molecules and their effect on processes is not known. In addition, the formation and distribution of contaminating molecules are unclear. In this work sensitive optical techniques are applied in clean room facilities for investigation of concentrations, forming mechanisms and effects of contaminating molecules. Special emphasis is on reactive acid and base gases ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). They are the key chemicals in several operations taking place in clean room processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMC" title="AMC">AMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20room" title=" clean room"> clean room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20gas" title=" reactive gas"> reactive gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44284/airborne-molecular-contamination-in-clean-room-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">779</span> Robust Noisy Speech Identification Using Frame Classifier Derived Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punnoose%20A.%20K.">Punnoose A. K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approach for identifying noisy speech recording using a multi-layer perception (MLP) trained to predict phonemes from acoustic features. Characteristics of the MLP posteriors are explored for clean speech and noisy speech at the frame level. Appropriate density functions are used to fit the softmax probability of the clean and noisy speech. A function that takes into account the ratio of the softmax probability density of noisy speech to clean speech is formulated. These phoneme independent scoring is weighted using a phoneme-specific weightage to make the scoring more robust. Simple thresholding is used to identify the noisy speech recording from the clean speech recordings. The approach is benchmarked on standard databases, with a focus on precision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noisy%20speech%20identification" title="noisy speech identification">noisy speech identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20pre-processing" title=" speech pre-processing"> speech pre-processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20robustness" title=" noise robustness"> noise robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20engineering" title=" feature engineering"> feature engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144694/robust-noisy-speech-identification-using-frame-classifier-derived-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">778</span> Clean Coal Using Coal Bed Methane: A Pollution Control Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arish%20Iqbal">Arish Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Singh"> Santosh Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy from coal is one of the major source of energy throughout the world but taking into consideration its effect on environment 'Clean Coal Technologies' (CCT) came into existence. In this paper we have we studied why CCT’s are essential and what are the different types of CCT’s. Also, the coal and CCT scenario in India is introduced. Coal Bed Methane one of major CCT area is studied in detail. Different types of coal bed methane and its methods of extraction are discussed. The different problem areas during the extraction of CBM are identified and discussed. How CBM can be used as a fuel for future is also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBM%20%28coal%20bed%20methane%29" title="CBM (coal bed methane)">CBM (coal bed methane)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCS%20%28carbon%20capture%20and%20storage%29" title=" CCS (carbon capture and storage)"> CCS (carbon capture and storage)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCT%20%28clean%20coal%20technology%29" title=" CCT (clean coal technology)"> CCT (clean coal technology)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMM%20%28coal%20mining%20methane%29" title=" CMM (coal mining methane)"> CMM (coal mining methane)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218/clean-coal-using-coal-bed-methane-a-pollution-control-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">777</span> Clean Energy and Free Trade: Redefining 'Like Products' to Account for Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Barsa">M. Barsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper argues that current jurisprudence under the Dormant Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution and the WTO should be altered to allow states to more freely foster clean energy production. In particular, free trade regimes typically prevent states from discriminating against 'like' products, and whether these products are considered 'like' is typically measured by how they appear to the consumer. This makes it challenging for states to discriminate in favor of clean energy, such as low-carbon fuels. However, this paper points out that certain courts in the US—and decisions of the WTO—have already begun taking into account how a product is manufactured in order to determine whether a state may discriminate against it. There are also compelling reasons for states to discriminate against energy sources with high carbon footprints in order to allow those states to protect themselves against climate change. In other words, fuel sources with high and low carbon footprints are not, in fact, 'like' products, and courts should more freely recognize this in order to foster clean energy production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20energy" title="clean energy">clean energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20trade" title=" free trade"> free trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115742/clean-energy-and-free-trade-redefining-like-products-to-account-for-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">776</span> Clean Technology: Hype or Need to Have</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirk%20V.%20H.%20K.%20Franco">Dirk V. H. K. Franco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For many of us a lot of phenomena are considered a risk. Examples are: climate change, decrease of biodiversity, amount of available, clean water and the decreasing variety of living organism in the oceans. On the other hand a lot of people perceive the following trends as catastrophic: the sea level, the melting of the pole ice, the numbers of tornado’s, floods and forest fires, the national security and the potential of 192 million climate migrants in 2060. The interest for climate, health and the possible solutions is large and common. The 5th IPCC states that the last decades especially human activities (and in second order natural emissions) have caused large, mainly negative impacts on our ecological environments. Chris Stringer stated that we represent, nowadays after evolution, the only one version of the possible humanity. At this very moment we are faced with an (over) crowded planet together with global climate changes and a strong demand for energy and material resources. Let us hope that we can counter these difficulties either with better application of existing technologies or by inventing new (applications of) clean technologies together with new business models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20technologies" title="clean technologies">clean technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic" title=" catastrophic"> catastrophic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=possible%20solutions" title=" possible solutions"> possible solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18265/clean-technology-hype-or-need-to-have" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">775</span> Study on Practice of Improving Water Quality in Urban Rivers by Diverting Clean Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjie%20Li">Manjie Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangju%20Cheng"> Xiangju Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongcan%20Chen"> Yongcan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, water environmental deterioration is widespread in majority of urban rivers, which seriously affects city image and life satisfaction of residents. As an emergency measure to improve water quality, clean water diversion is introduced for water environmental management. Lubao River and Southwest River, two urban rivers in typical plain tidal river network, are identified as technically and economically feasible for the application of clean water diversion. One-dimensional hydrodynamic-water quality model is developed to simulate temporal and spatial variations of water level and water quality, with satisfactory accuracy. The mathematical model after calibration is applied to investigate hydrodynamic and water quality variations in rivers as well as determine the optimum operation scheme of water diversion. Assessment system is developed for evaluation of positive and negative effects of water diversion, demonstrating the effectiveness of clean water diversion and the necessity of pollution reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20system" title="assessment system">assessment system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20water%20diversion" title=" clean water diversion"> clean water diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic-water%20quality%20model" title=" hydrodynamic-water quality model"> hydrodynamic-water quality model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tidal%20river%20network" title=" tidal river network"> tidal river network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20rivers" title=" urban rivers"> urban rivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20environment%20improvement" title=" water environment improvement"> water environment improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90577/study-on-practice-of-improving-water-quality-in-urban-rivers-by-diverting-clean-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">774</span> Critical Review of Clean Energy Mix as Means of Boosting Power Generation in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Adebayo">B. Adebayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Adebayo"> A. A. Adebayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adequate power generation and supply are enormous challenges confronting Nigeria state today. This is a powerful mechanism that drives industrial development and socio-economy of any nation. The present level of power generation and supply have become national embarrassment to both government and the citizens of Nigeria, where over 60% of the population have no access to electricity. This paper is set to review the abundant clean energy alternative sources available in abundance that are capable of boosting power generation. The clean energy sources waiting to be exploited include: nuclear, solar and wind energy. The environmental benefits of these sources of power generation are identified. Nuclear energy is a powerful clean energy source. However, Africa accounted for 20% of known recoverable reserve and uranium produces heat of 500,000 MJ/kg. Moreover, Nigeria receives average daily solar radiation of over 5.249 kWh/m2/day. Researchers have shown that wind speed and power flux densities varied from 1.5 – 4.1 m/s and 5.7 – 22.5 W/m2 respectively. It is a fact that the cost of doing business in Nigeria is very high, leading to winding up of the multi-national companies and then led to increase unemployment level. More importantly, readily available vast quantity of energy will reduce cost of running industries. Hence, more industries will come on board, goods, services, and more job creation will be achieved. This clean source of power generation is devoid of production of green house gases, elimination of environmental pollution, and reduced waste disposal. Then Nigerians will live in harmony with the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title="power">power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation" title=" generation"> generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mix" title=" mix"> mix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean" title=" clean"> clean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial" title=" industrial"> industrial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17185/critical-review-of-clean-energy-mix-as-means-of-boosting-power-generation-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">773</span> Governance of Clean Energy in Rural Northwest Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inayatullah%20Jan">Inayatullah Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Pervez"> Sidra Pervez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective institutional arrangements at local and national levels are quintessential for promotion of renewable energy in a country. This study attempts to examine the institutional arrangements for development of domestic renewable energy in rural northwest Pakistan. The study describes that very limited number of public and private organizations were working on clean development in the area. Surprisingly, no institutional arrangements exclusively meant for domestic clean energy promotion were observed in the area. The study concludes that the objectives of Kyoto Protocol in Pakistan can be achieved only if the government and non-governmental organizations work together to launch cost-effective renewable energy interventions, particularly in rural areas. The need is to have a coordinated, consistent, and focused cooperation of all stakeholders involved in promotion of domestic renewable energy at all levels. This will not only improve the socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the local context, but will play a key role in achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals(MDGs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20energy" title=" clean energy"> clean energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDM" title=" CDM"> CDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northwest%20Pakistan" title=" Northwest Pakistan"> Northwest Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14818/governance-of-clean-energy-in-rural-northwest-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">772</span> A Sparse Representation Speech Denoising Method Based on Adapted Stopping Residue Error</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qianhua%20He">Qianhua He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weili%20Zhou"> Weili Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiwu%20Chen"> Aiwu Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sparse representation speech denoising method based on adapted stopping residue error was presented in this paper. Firstly, the cross-correlation between the clean speech spectrum and the noise spectrum was analyzed, and an estimation method was proposed. In the denoising method, an over-complete dictionary of the clean speech power spectrum was learned with the K-singular value decomposition (K-SVD) algorithm. In the sparse representation stage, the stopping residue error was adaptively achieved according to the estimated cross-correlation and the adjusted noise spectrum, and the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) approach was applied to reconstruct the clean speech spectrum from the noisy speech. Finally, the clean speech was re-synthesised via the inverse Fourier transform with the reconstructed speech spectrum and the noisy speech phase. The experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods in terms of subjective and objective measure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20denoising" title="speech denoising">speech denoising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparse%20representation" title=" sparse representation"> sparse representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-singular%20value%20decomposition" title=" k-singular value decomposition"> k-singular value decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20matching%20pursuit" title=" orthogonal matching pursuit"> orthogonal matching pursuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66670/a-sparse-representation-speech-denoising-method-based-on-adapted-stopping-residue-error" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">771</span> Automatic Segmentation of the Clean Speech Signal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ben%20Messaoud">M. A. Ben Messaoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouzid"> A. Bouzid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ellouze"> N. Ellouze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Speech Segmentation is the measure of the change point detection for partitioning an input speech signal into regions each of which accords to only one speaker. In this paper, we apply two features based on multi-scale product (MP) of the clean speech, namely the spectral centroid of MP, and the zero crossings rate of MP. We focus on multi-scale product analysis as an important tool for segmentation extraction. The multi-scale product is based on making the product of the speech wavelet transform coefficients at three successive dyadic scales. We have evaluated our method on the Keele database. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method presenting a good performance. It shows that the two simple features can find word boundaries, and extracted the segments of the clean speech. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiscale%20product" title="multiscale product">multiscale product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20centroid" title=" spectral centroid"> spectral centroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20segmentation" title=" speech segmentation"> speech segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20crossings%20rate" title=" zero crossings rate"> zero crossings rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17566/automatic-segmentation-of-the-clean-speech-signal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">770</span> Remote Sensing Study of Wind Energy Potential in Agsu District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20F.%20Mammadova">U. F. Mammadova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural resources is the main self-supplying way which is being studied in the paper. Ecologically clean and independent clean energy stock is wind one. This potential is first studied by applying remote sensing way. In any coordinate of the district, wind energy potential has been determined by measuring the potential by applying radar technique which gives a possibility to reveal 2 D view. At several heights, including 10,50,100,150,200 ms, the measurements have been realized. The achievable power generation for m2 in the district was calculated. Daily, hourly, and monthly wind energy potential data were graphed and schemed in the paper. The energy, environmental, and economic advantages of wind energy for the Agsu district were investigated by analyzing radar spectral measurements after the remote sensing process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20potential" title="wind potential">wind potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20radar%20analysis" title=" spectral radar analysis"> spectral radar analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20clean%20energy" title=" ecological clean energy"> ecological clean energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20safety" title=" ecological safety"> ecological safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155823/remote-sensing-study-of-wind-energy-potential-in-agsu-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">769</span> An Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimal Fuel-Type Configurations in Car Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charalampos%20Saridakis">Charalampos Saridakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stelios%20Tsafarakis"> Stelios Tsafarakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although environmental concern is on the rise across Europe, current market data indicate that adoption rates of environmentally friendly vehicles remain extremely low. Against this background, the aim of this paper is to a) assess preferences of European consumers for clean-fuel cars and their characteristics and b) design car lines that optimize the combination of fuel types among models in the line-up. In this direction, the authors introduce a new evolutionary mechanism and implement it to stated-preference data derived from a large-scale choice-based conjoint experiment that measures consumer preferences for various factors affecting clean-fuel vehicle (CFV) adoption. The proposed two-step methodology provides interesting insights into how new and existing fuel-types can be combined in a car line that maximizes customer satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean-fuel%20vehicles" title="clean-fuel vehicles">clean-fuel vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20line%20design" title=" product line design"> product line design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjoint%20analysis" title=" conjoint analysis"> conjoint analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice%20experiment" title=" choice experiment"> choice experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20evolution" title=" differential evolution"> differential evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71586/an-evolutionary-algorithm-for-optimal-fuel-type-configurations-in-car-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">768</span> IOT Based Automated Production and Control System for Clean Water Filtration Through Solar Energy Operated by Submersible Water Pump</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musse%20Mohamud%20Ahmed">Musse Mohamud Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Linda%20Achilles"> Tina Linda Achilles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Kamrul%20Hasan"> Mohammad Kamrul Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deterioration of the mother nature is evident these day with clear danger of human catastrophe emanating from greenhouses (GHG) with increasing CO2 emissions to the environment. PV technology can help to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel, decreasing air pollution and slowing down the rate of global warming. The objective of this paper is to propose, develop and design the production of clean water supply to rural communities using an appropriate technology such as Internet of Things (IOT) that does not create any CO2 emissions. Additionally, maximization of solar energy power output and reciprocally minimizing the natural characteristics of solar sources intermittences during less presence of the sun itself is another goal to achieve in this work. The paper presents the development of critical automated control system for solar energy power output optimization using several new techniques. water pumping system is developed to supply clean water with the application of IOT-renewable energy. This system is effective to provide clean water supply to remote and off-grid areas using Photovoltaics (PV) technology that collects energy generated from the sunlight. The focus of this work is to design and develop a submersible solar water pumping system that applies an IOT implementation. Thus, this system has been executed and programmed using Arduino Software (IDE), proteus, Maltab and C++ programming language. The mechanism of this system is that it pumps water from water reservoir that is powered up by solar energy and clean water production was also incorporated using filtration system through the submersible solar water pumping system. The filtering system is an additional application platform which is intended to provide a clean water supply to any households in Sarawak State, Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOT" title="IOT">IOT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20production%20and%20control%20system" title=" automated production and control system"> automated production and control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20filtration" title=" water filtration"> water filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20submersible%20water%20pump" title=" automated submersible water pump"> automated submersible water pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162425/iot-based-automated-production-and-control-system-for-clean-water-filtration-through-solar-energy-operated-by-submersible-water-pump" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">767</span> Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Relation to Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water in Liberia: Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of Ensuring Clean Water and Sanitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Emery%20David%20Jr.">Victor Emery David Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Wenchao"> Jiang Wenchao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Mmereki"> Daniel Mmereki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasinta%20John"> Yasinta John</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fundamentals of public health are access to safe and clean drinking water. The presence of arsenic and other contaminants in drinking water leads to the potential risk to public health and the environment particularly in most developing countries where there’s inadequate access to safe and clean water and adequate sanitation. Liberia has taken steps to improve its drinking water status so as to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of ensuring clean water and effective sanitation but there is still a lot to be done. The Sustainable Development Goals are a United Nation initiative also known as transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. It contains seventeen goals with 169 targets to be met by respective countries. Liberia is situated within in the gold belt region where there exist the presence of arsenic and other contaminants in the underground water due to mining and other related activities. While there are limited or no epidemiological studies conducted in Liberia to confirm illness or death as a result of arsenic contamination in Liberia, it remains a public health concern. This paper assesses the drinking water quality, the presence of arsenic in groundwater/drinking water in Liberia, and proposes strategies for mitigating contaminants in drinking water and suggests options for improvement with regards to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of ensuring clean water and effective sanitation in Liberia by 2030. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20plan" title=" action plan"> action plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminants" title=" contaminants"> contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goals%20%28SDGs%29" title=" sustainable development goals (SDGs)"> sustainable development goals (SDGs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monrovia" title=" Monrovia"> Monrovia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liberia" title=" Liberia"> Liberia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78450/assessment-of-drinking-water-quality-in-relation-to-arsenic-contamination-in-drinking-water-in-liberia-achieving-the-sustainable-development-goal-of-ensuring-clean-water-and-sanitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">766</span> Opportunities of Clean Development Mechanism through Hydropower in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usha%20Khatiwada">Usha Khatiwada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nepal’s overall energy baseline: It has been proposed that hydropower projects for domestic consumption can earn CDM revenue in Nepal if a new methodology is established that takes into account not only consumption in Nepal of grid electricity but also other fuels such as kerosene, diesel, and firewood, used by a vast majority of the population for their lighting and other needs. However, this would mean that we would be trying to combine grid electricity supply and consumers not supplied from the grid into one methodology. Such a sweeping baseline may have a very small chance of success with the CDM Executive Board. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20development%20mechanism" title=" clean development mechanism"> clean development mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydropower" title=" hydropower"> hydropower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9039/opportunities-of-clean-development-mechanism-through-hydropower-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">765</span> Nano Ceramics Materials in Clean Rooms: Properties and Characterization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HebatAllah%20Tarek">HebatAllah Tarek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeyad%20El-Sayad"> Zeyad El-Sayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20F.%20Bakr"> Ali F. Bakr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface coating can permit the bulk materials to remain unchanged, whereas the surface functionality is engineered to afford a more required characteristic. Nano-Ceramic coatings are considered ideal coatings on materials that can significantly improve the surface properties, including anti-fouling, self-cleaning, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, anti-scratch, waterproof, anti-acid rain and anti-asphalt. Furthermore, various techniques have been utilized to fabricate a range of different ceramic coatings with more desirable properties on Nano-ceramics, which make the materials usually used in in-service environments and worth mentioning that the practical part of this study will be applied in one of the most important architectural applications due to the contamination-free conditions provided by it in the manufacturing industry. Without cleanrooms, products will become contaminated and either malfunction or infect people with bacteria. Cleanrooms are used for the manufacture of items used in computers, cars, airplanes, spacecraft, televisions, disc players and many other electronic and mechanical devices, as well as the manufacture of medicines, medical devices, and foods. The aim of this study will be to examine the Nano-ceramics on porcelain and glass panels. The investigation will be included fabrications, methods, surface properties and applications in clean rooms. The unfamiliarity in this study is using Nano-ceramics in clean rooms instead of using them on metallic materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-ceramic%20coating" title="nano-ceramic coating">nano-ceramic coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20rooms" title=" clean rooms"> clean rooms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcelain" title=" porcelain"> porcelain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20properties" title=" surface properties"> surface properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152096/nano-ceramics-materials-in-clean-rooms-properties-and-characterization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">764</span> Energy Saving as a Mean to Increase Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Levodo">Joseph Levodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndimbarafine%20Young%20Tobin"> Ndimbarafine Young Tobin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Messina"> E. Messina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Edouma"> P. Edouma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy efficiency can contribute significantly towards increasing clean energy access to modern energy services. Many developing countries have largely focused on expanding energy access by increasing supply. This is due to the fact the links between energy efficiency and clean energy access are often unnoticed. Energy efficiency measures offer the promise of reducing energy use and saving money on electricity bills, as well as reducing negative environmental externalities associated with the production of electricity. This paper seeks to address the economic and effectiveness of reducing energy consumption by integrating energy efficiency as a priority to meet energy access examines the barriers to energy efficient in sub-Saharan African countries. The findings from this study reveal that an appropriate policy can promote the development of more energy-efficient buildings, products and strengthen incentives for consumers, businesses, and industrial customers to pursue cost-effective energy-efficiency measures and to make investments that will provide future energy-efficiency improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title="barriers">barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub-Saharan Africa"> Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20effective" title=" cost effective"> cost effective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20savings" title=" energy savings"> energy savings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20energy" title=" clean energy"> clean energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186120/energy-saving-as-a-mean-to-increase-energy-access-in-sub-saharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">763</span> Laboratory Scale Experimental Studies on CO₂ Based Underground Coal Gasification in Context of Clean Coal Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geeta%20Kumari">Geeta Kumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabu%20Vairakannu"> Prabu Vairakannu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coal is the largest fossil fuel. In India, around 37 % of coal resources found at a depth of more than 300 meters. In India, more than 70% of electricity production depends on coal. Coal on combustion produces greenhouse and pollutant gases such as CO₂, SOₓ, NOₓ, and H₂S etc. Underground coal gasification (UCG) technology is an efficient and an economic in-situ clean coal technology, which converts these unmineable coals into valuable calorific gases. The UCG syngas (mainly H₂, CO, CH₄ and some lighter hydrocarbons) which can utilized for the production of electricity and manufacturing of various useful chemical feedstock. It is an inherent clean coal technology as it avoids ash disposal, mining, transportation and storage problems. Gasification of underground coal using steam as a gasifying medium is not an easy process because sending superheated steam to deep underground coal leads to major transportation difficulties and cost effective. Therefore, for reducing this problem, we have used CO₂ as a gasifying medium, which is a major greenhouse gas. This paper focus laboratory scale underground coal gasification experiment on a coal block by using CO₂ as a gasifying medium. In the present experiment, first, we inject oxygen for combustion for 1 hour and when the temperature of the zones reached to more than 1000 ºC, and then we started supplying of CO₂ as a gasifying medium. The gasification experiment was performed at an atmospheric pressure of CO₂, and it was found that the amount of CO produced due to Boudouard reaction (C+CO₂  2CO) is around 35%. The experiment conducted to almost 5 hours. The maximum gas composition observed, 35% CO, 22 % H₂, and 11% CH4 with LHV 248.1 kJ/mol at CO₂/O₂ ratio 0.4 by volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20coal%20gasification" title="underground coal gasification">underground coal gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20coal%20technology" title=" clean coal technology"> clean coal technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorific%20value" title=" calorific value"> calorific value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title=" syngas"> syngas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73112/laboratory-scale-experimental-studies-on-co2-based-underground-coal-gasification-in-context-of-clean-coal-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">762</span> Integrated Clean Development Mechanism and Risk Management Approach for Infrastructure Transportation Project</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debasis%20Sarkar">Debasis Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clean development mechanism (CDM) can act as an effective instrument for mitigating climate change. This mechanism can effectively reduce the emission of CO2 and other green house gases (GHG). Construction of a mega infrastructure project like underground corridor construction for metro rail operation involves in consumption of substantial quantity of concrete which consumes huge quantity of energy consuming materials like cement and steel. This paper is an attempt to develop an integrated clean development mechanism and risk management approach for sustainable development for an underground corridor metro rail project in India during its construction phase. It was observed that about 35% reduction in CO2 emission can be obtained by adding fly ash as a part replacement of cement. The reduced emission quantity of CO2 which is of the quantum of about 21,646.36 MT would result in cost savings of approximately INR 8.5 million (USD 1,29,878).But construction and operation of such infrastructure projects of the present era are subject to huge risks and uncertainties throughout all the phases of the project, thus reducing the probability of successful completion of the project within stipulated time and cost frame. Thus, an integrated approach of combining CDM with risk management would enable the metro rail authorities to develop a sustainable risk mitigation measure framework to ensure more cost and energy savings and lesser time and cost over-run. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20development%20mechanism%20%28CDM%29" title="clean development mechanism (CDM)">clean development mechanism (CDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20transportation" title=" infrastructure transportation"> infrastructure transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20risk%20management" title=" project risk management"> project risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20metro%20rail" title=" underground metro rail "> underground metro rail </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24661/integrated-clean-development-mechanism-and-risk-management-approach-for-infrastructure-transportation-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">761</span> A Simple Olfactometer for Odour and Lateralization Thresholds of Chemical Vapours</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lena%20Ernstg%C3%A5rd">Lena Ernstgård</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aishwarya%20M.%20Dwivedi"> Aishwarya M. Dwivedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Lundstr%C3%B6m"> Johan Lundström</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunnar%20Johanson"> Gunnar Johanson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple inexpensive olfactometer was constructed to enable valid measures of detection threshold of low concentrations of vapours of chemicals. The delivery system consists of seven syringe pumps, each connected to a Tedlar bag containing a predefined concentration of the test chemical in the air. The seven pumps are connected to a 8-way mixing valve which in turn connects to a birhinal nose piece. Chemical vapor of known concentration is generated by injection of an appropriate amount of the test chemical into a Tedlar bag with a known volume of clean air. Complete vaporization is assured by gentle heating of the bag from the outside with a heat flow. The six test concentrations are obtained by adding different volumes from the starting bag to six new Tedlar bags with known volumes of clean air. One bag contains clean air only. Thus, six different test concentrations and clean air can easily be tested in series by shifting the valve to new positions. Initial in-line measurement with a photoionization detector showed that the delivery system quickly responded to a shift in valve position. Thus 90% of the desired concentration was reached within 15 seconds. The concentrations in the bags are verified daily by gas chromatography. The stability of the system in terms of chemical concentration is monitored in real time by means of a photo-ionization detector. To determine lateralization thresholds, an additional pump supplying clean air is added to the delivery system in a way so that the nostrils can be separately and interchangeably be exposed to clean air and test chemical. Odor and lateralization thresholds were determined for three aldehydes; acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and hexanal in 20 healthy naïve individuals. Aldehydes generally have a strong odour, and the selected aldehydes are also considered to be irritating to mucous membranes. The median odor thresholds of the three aldehydes were 0.017, 0.0008, and 0.097 ppm, respectively. No lateralization threshold could be identified for acrolein, whereas the medians for crotonaldehyde and hexanal were 0.003 and 0.39 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, we constructed a simple, inexpensive olfactometer that allows for stable and easily measurable concentrations of vapors of the test chemical. Our test with aldehydes demonstrates that the system produces valid detection among volunteers in terms of odour and lateralization thresholds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title="irritation">irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odour%20delivery" title=" odour delivery"> odour delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olfactometer" title=" olfactometer"> olfactometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smell" title=" smell"> smell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58564/a-simple-olfactometer-for-odour-and-lateralization-thresholds-of-chemical-vapours" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">760</span> The Effect of Combustion Chamber Deposits (CCD) on Homogeneous Change Compression Ignition (HCCI)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmagid%20A.%20Khattabi">Abdulmagid A. Khattabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Hablus"> Ahmed A. Hablus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Ab.%20M.%20Shafah"> Osama Ab. M. Shafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this work is to understand how the thermal influence of combustion chamber deposits can be utilized to expand the operating range of HCCI combustion. In order to do this, two main objectives must first be met; tracking deposit formation trends in an HCCI engine and determining the sensitivity of HCCI combustion to CCD. This requires testing that demonstrates the differences in combustion between a clean engine and one with deposits coating the chamber. This will involve a long-term test that tracks the effects of CCD on combustion. The test will start with a clean engine. One baseline HCCI operating point is maintained for the duration of the test during which gradual combustion chamber deposit formation will occur. Combustion parameters, including heat release rates and emissions will be tracked for the duration and compared to the case of a clean engine. This work will begin by detailing the specifics of the test procedure and measurements taken throughout the test. Then a review of the effects of the gradual formation of deposits in the engine will be given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuels" title="fuels">fuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20atomization" title=" fuel atomization"> fuel atomization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20factor" title=" pattern factor"> pattern factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternate%20fuels%20combustion" title=" alternate fuels combustion"> alternate fuels combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20gas%20turbine%20combustion" title=" efficiency gas turbine combustion"> efficiency gas turbine combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20blow%20out" title=" lean blow out"> lean blow out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20and%20liner%20wall%20temperature" title=" exhaust and liner wall temperature"> exhaust and liner wall temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13801/the-effect-of-combustion-chamber-deposits-ccd-on-homogeneous-change-compression-ignition-hcci" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">759</span> The Human Right to a Safe, Clean and Healthy Environment in Corporate Social Responsibility's Strategies: An Approach to Understanding Mexico's Mining Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thalia%20Viveros-Uehara">Thalia Viveros-Uehara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The virtues of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are explored widely in the academic literature. However, few studies address its link to human rights, per se; specifically, the right to a safe, clean and healthy environment. Fewer still are the research works in this area that relate to developing countries, where a number of areas are biodiversity hotspots. In Mexico, despite the rise and evolution of CSR schemes, grave episodes of pollution persist, especially those caused by the mining industry. These cases set up the question of the correspondence between the current CSR practices of mining companies in the country and their responsibility to respect the right to a safe, clean and healthy environment. The present study approaches precisely such a bridge, which until now has not been fully tackled in light of Mexico's 2011 constitutional human rights amendment and the United Nation's Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UN Guiding Principles), adopted by the Human Rights Council in 2011. To that aim, it initially presents a contextual framework; it then explores qualitatively the adoption of human rights’ language in the CSR strategies of the three main mining companies in Mexico, and finally, it examines their standing with respect to the UN Guiding Principles. The results reveal that human rights are included in the RSE strategies of the analysed businesses, at least at the rhetoric level; however, they do not embrace the right to a safe, clean and healthy environment as such. Moreover, we conclude that despite the finding that corporations publicly express their commitment to respect human rights, some operational weaknesses that hamper the exercise of such responsibility persist; for example, the systematic lack of human rights impact assessments per mining unit, the denial of actual and publicly-known negative episodes on the environment linked directly to their operations, and the absence of effective mechanisms to remediate adverse impacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title="corporate social responsibility">corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impacts" title=" environmental impacts"> environmental impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20a%20safe" title=" right to a safe"> right to a safe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20and%20healthy%20environment" title=" clean and healthy environment"> clean and healthy environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20industry" title=" mining industry"> mining industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56847/the-human-right-to-a-safe-clean-and-healthy-environment-in-corporate-social-responsibilitys-strategies-an-approach-to-understanding-mexicos-mining-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">758</span> River Catchment’s Demography and the Dynamics of Access to Clean Water in the Rural South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiseyon%20Sunday%20Hosu">Yiseyon Sunday Hosu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motebang%20Dominic%20Vincent%20Nakin"> Motebang Dominic Vincent Nakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elphina%20N.%20Cishe"> Elphina N. Cishe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Universal access to clean and safe drinking water and basic sanitation is one of the targets of the 6th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper explores the evidence-based indicators of Water Rights Acts (2013) among households in the rural communities in the Mthatha River catchment of OR Tambo District Municipality of South Africa. Daily access to minimum 25 litres/person and the factors influencing clean water access were investigated in the catchment. A total number of 420 households were surveyed in the upper, peri-urban, lower and coastal regions of Mthatha Rivier catchment. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted on the data collected from the households to elicit vital information on domestic water security among rural community dwellers. The results show that approximately 68 percent of total households surveyed have access to the required minimum 25 litre/person/day, with 66.3 percent in upper region, 76 per cent in the peri-urban, 1.1 percent in the lower and 2.3 percent in the coastal regions. Only 30 percent among the total surveyed households had access to piped water either in the house or public taps. The logistic regression showed that access to clean water was influenced by lack of water infrastructure, proximity to urban regions, daily flow of pipe-borne water, household size and distance to public taps. This paper recommends that viable integrated rural community-based water infrastructure provision strategies between NGOs and local authority and the promotion of point of use (POU) technologies to enhance better access to clean water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20water" title="domestic water">domestic water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20technology" title=" household technology"> household technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20security" title=" water security"> water security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20community" title=" rural community"> rural community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58428/river-catchments-demography-and-the-dynamics-of-access-to-clean-water-in-the-rural-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">757</span> A Geogpraphic Overview about Offshore Energy Cleantech in Portugal </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Pego">Ana Pego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental technologies were developed for decades. Clean technologies emerged a few years ago. In these perspectives, the use of cleantech technologies has become very important due the fact of new era of environmental feats. As such, the market itself has become more competitive, more collaborative towards a better use of clean technologies. This paper shows the importance of clean technologies in offshore energy sector in Portuguese market, its localization and its impact on economy. Clean technologies are directly related with renewable cluster and concomitant with economic and social resource optimization criteria, geographic aspects, climate change and soil features. Cleantech is related with regional development, socio-technical transitions in organisations. There are an economical and social combinations which allow specialisation of regions in activities, higher employment, reduce of energy costs, local knowledge spillover and, business collaboration and competitiveness. The methodology used will be quantitative (IO matrix for Portugal 2013) and qualitative (questionnaires to stakeholders). The mix of both methodologies will confirm whether the use of technologies will allow a positive impact on economic and social variables used on this model. It is expected a positive impact on Portuguese economy both in investment and employment taking in account the localization of offshore renewable activities. This means that the importance of offshore renewable investment in Portugal has a few points which should be pointed out: the increase of specialised employment, localization of specific activities in territory, and increase of value added in certain regions. The conclusion will allow researchers and organisation to compare the Portuguese model to other European regions in order to a better use of natural and human resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleantech" title="cleantech">cleantech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localisation" title=" localisation"> localisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=territory%20dynamics" title=" territory dynamics"> territory dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56122/a-geogpraphic-overview-about-offshore-energy-cleantech-in-portugal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">756</span> Anti-Corruption Effect on Whistle Blowing Act</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Young%20Kim">Na Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is a study on the relation between the introduction bill of the Whistle Blowing Act and the CPI (Corruption Perception Index) from 1998 to 2019. It shows that the degree of corruption can be relatively lowered when WBA is introduced, and the system is matured. And when WBA was introduced at the national level and matured, it was found that it could have a greater impact on corruption. Secondly, it shows that OECD countries may have relatively low levels of corruption. In addition to the two variables representing democracy, when additional control variables (GDP (economic power), population size, HDI (education level), etc.) are controlled under the same conditions, the degree of corruption in countries with high political rights can be low (it means clean), while those with high civil freedom can be serious (it means not clean). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Whistle%20Blowing%20Act" title="Whistle Blowing Act">Whistle Blowing Act</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-corruption" title=" anti-corruption"> anti-corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPI" title=" CPI"> CPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title=" GDP"> GDP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164727/anti-corruption-effect-on-whistle-blowing-act" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">755</span> School Curriculum Incorporating Rights to Live in Clean and Healthy Environment: Assessing Its Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitaram%20Dahal">Sitaram Dahal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among many strategic and practical needs in overcoming the threats and challenges being experienced in the global environment, constitutional provision for Rights to live in clean and healthy environment is one and so is the school curriculum incorporating information on such rights. Government of Nepal has also introduced information on rights to live in clean and healthy environment, as provisioned in its interim constitution of 2007, in the secondary level curriculum of formal education. As the predetermined specific objective of such curriculum is to prepare students who are conscious of citizens’ rights and responsibilities and are able to adopt functions, duties and rights of the rights holders and duty bearers; the study was designed to assess the effectiveness of such curriculum. The study was conducted in one private school and a community school to assess the effectiveness of such curriculum. The study shows that such curriculum has been able to make students responsible duty bearers as they were aware of their habits towards environment. Whereas only very few students are aware enough as being rights holders. Students of community schools were aware rights holders as they complain if they are not satisfied with the environment of the school itself. But private school is far behind in this case. It can be said that only curriculum with very few portion of information on such rights might not be capable enough to meet its objective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title="curriculum">curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution" title=" constitution"> constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title=" effectiveness"> effectiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51910/school-curriculum-incorporating-rights-to-live-in-clean-and-healthy-environment-assessing-its-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">754</span> Accelerating Sustainable Urban Transition Through Green Technology Innovation and Clean Energy to Achieve Net Zero Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20Serwaa%20Obobisa">Emma Serwaa Obobisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urbanization has become the focus for challenging goals relating to environmental performance, such as carbon neutrality. Green technological innovation and clean energy are considered the prominent factors in reducing emissions and achieving sustainable cities. Through the application of a fixed effect model, generalized method of moments, and quantile-on-quantile regression, this study explores the role of green technology innovation and clean energy in accelerating the sustainable urban transition towards net zero emissions in developing countries while controlling for nonrenewable energy consumption, and economic growth. The long-run results show that green technology innovation and renewable energy consumption reduce CO₂ emissions from urban residential buildings. In contrast, economic growth and nonrenewable energy consumption increase CO₂ emissions. This study proposes a consistent technique for encouraging green technological innovation and renewable energy projects in developing countries where the role of innovation in achieving carbon neutrality is still understudied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20technology%20innovation" title="green technology innovation">green technology innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20zero%20emissions" title=" net zero emissions"> net zero emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186132/accelerating-sustainable-urban-transition-through-green-technology-innovation-and-clean-energy-to-achieve-net-zero-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">753</span> Clean Gold Solution from Printed Circuit Board Physical Processing Dust by Selective Complexation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyiola%20O.%20Otunniyi">Iyiola O. Otunniyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwayimika%20O.%20Oluokun"> Oluwayimika O. Oluokun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The two-step leaching process of PCB dust will produce a first leaching stream containing assorted metals that still requires more demanding multistage processing afterward to recover base metals and precious metals. In this work, three-step selective complexations produce a clean gold solution from printed circuit board dust. After optimizing for temperature and concentrations, the first step under oxidative ammonia leaching recovered no gold, 90 % Cu and 50 % Zn. Second step acid leaching recovered no gold, 89 % Fe, 48 % Zn, 94 % Ni. The recoveries generally increased with reducing dust particle sizes, except for zinc under oxidative ammonia, and it was noted that its various alloy forms in PCB could be responsible for this. At the third leaching step using acidified thiourea with 0.1 M H₂O₂ at 25 OC, gold recovery was 99 %. The leaching rate was shown to be chemically controlled, implying that reagent dosage control will compensate for feed assay shifts in an operation design. Copper, zinc and nickel will be easily recoverable from leach solutions of the first two steps in this leaching scheme. The third step produced a clean gold solution for easy processing downstream. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20thiourea%20complexation" title="gold thiourea complexation">gold thiourea complexation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printed%20circuit%20board" title=" printed circuit board"> printed circuit board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step%20leaching" title=" step leaching"> step leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20recovery" title=" selective recovery"> selective recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195407/clean-gold-solution-from-printed-circuit-board-physical-processing-dust-by-selective-complexation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">0</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">752</span> Electroremediation of Saturated and Unsaturated Nickel-Contaminated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waddah%20Abdullah">Waddah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Al-Sarem"> Saleh Al-Sarem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrokinetic remediation was undoubtedly proven to be one of the most efficient techniques used to clean up soils contaminated with polar charged contaminants (such as heavy metals) and non-polar organic contaminants. It can be efficiently used to clean up low permeability mud, wastewater, electroplating wastes, sludge, and marine dredging. This study presented and discussed the results of electrokinetic remediation processes to clean up soils contaminated with nickel. Two types of electrokinetics cells were used: an open cell and an advanced cylindrical cell. Two types of soils were used for this investigation; the Azraq green clay which has very low permeability taken from the eastern part of Jordan (city of Azraq) and a sandy soil having, relatively, very high permeability. The clayey soil was spiked with 500 ppm of nickel, and the sandy soil was spiked with 1500 ppm of nickel. Fully saturated and partially saturated clayey soils were used for the clean-up process. Clayey soils were tested under a direct current of 80 mA and 50 mA to study the effect of the electrical current on the remediation process. Chelating agent (Na-EDTA), disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetatic acid, was used in both types of soils to enhance the electroremediation process. The effect of carbonates presence in the contaminated soils, also, was investigated by use of sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate. pH changes in the anode and the cathode compartments were controlled by use of buffer solutions. The results of the investigation showed that for the fully saturated clayey soil spiked with nickel had an average removal efficiency of 64%, and the average removal efficiency was 46% for the unsaturated clayey soil. For the sandy soil, the average removal efficiency of Nickel was 90%. Test results showed that presence of carbonates in the remediated soils retarded the clean-up process of nickel-contaminated soils (removal efficiency was reduced from 90% to 60%). EDTA enhanced decontamination of nickel contaminated clayey and sandy soils with carbonates was studied. The average removal efficiency increased from 60% (prior to using EDTA) to more than 90% after using EDTA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20solution" title="buffer solution">buffer solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDTA" title=" EDTA"> EDTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroremediation" title=" electroremediation"> electroremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20removal%20efficiency" title=" nickel removal efficiency"> nickel removal efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100754/electroremediation-of-saturated-and-unsaturated-nickel-contaminated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20air&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20air&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20air&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20air&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20air&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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