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Government-sponsored languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sponsored_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Akan_(Fante,_Asante_Twi_and_Akuapem_Twi)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akan_(Fante,_Asante_Twi_and_Akuapem_Twi)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Akan (Fante, Asante Twi and Akuapem Twi)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akan_(Fante,_Asante_Twi_and_Akuapem_Twi)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ewe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagbani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagbani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Dagbani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagbani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dangme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dangme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Dangme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dangme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagaare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagaare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Dagaare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagaare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nzema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nzema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Nzema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nzema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Kasem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gonja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gonja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Gonja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gonja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_spoken_in_Ghana_by_number_of_speakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_spoken_in_Ghana_by_number_of_speakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Languages spoken in Ghana by number of speakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages_spoken_in_Ghana_by_number_of_speakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Language classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Ghana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="لغات غانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات غانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ঘানার ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘানার ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala_din_be_Ghana" title="Bala din be Ghana – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Bala din be Ghana" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachen_Ghanas" title="Sprachen Ghanas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprachen Ghanas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiomas_de_Ghana" title="Idiomas de Ghana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idiomas de Ghana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_au_Ghana" title="Langues au Ghana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues au Ghana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarukan_Ghana" title="Yarukan Ghana – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yarukan Ghana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezici_Gane" title="Jezici Gane – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jezici Gane" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C3%A1na_nyelvei" title="Ghána nyelvei – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ghána nyelvei" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="ガーナの言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガーナの言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_do_Gana" title="Línguas do Gana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas do Gana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Языки Ганы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языки Ганы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_kasa_ahodo%C9%94" title="Ghana kasa ahodoɔ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ghana kasa ahodoɔ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#efefef;">Languages of Ghana</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English<sup id="cite_ref-The_Ghanaian_Government_states_that_English_is_the_official_language_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Ghanaian_Government_states_that_English_is_the_official_language-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ghana_–_2010_Population_and_Housing_Census_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghana_–_2010_Population_and_Housing_Census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">Regional</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Government-sponsored languages:<sup id="cite_ref-NCA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> <a href="/wiki/Fante_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fante language">Fante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akuapem_Twi" class="mw-redirect" title="Akuapem Twi">Akuapem Twi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asante_Twi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asante Twi">Asante Twi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagaare" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagaare">Dagaare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagbanli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagbanli">Dagbanli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adangme" class="mw-redirect" title="Adangme">Adangme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonja_language" title="Gonja language">Gonja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasem_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasem language">Kasem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nzema_language" title="Nzema language">Nzema</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Immigrant</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Chinese<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Hindi">Hindi</a><sup id="cite_ref-IMM_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a><sup id="cite_ref-IMM_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a><sup id="cite_ref-IMM_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Foreign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signed</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian Sign Language">Ghanaian Sign Language</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe Sign Language</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanabin_Sign_Language" title="Nanabin Sign Language">Nanabin Sign Language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">Lingua franca</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG/230px-Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG/345px-Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG/460px-Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A government sign in English in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Multilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilingual">multilingual</a> country in which about eighty languages are spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, English, which was inherited from the colonial era, is the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the languages indigenous to Ghana, <a href="/wiki/Akan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Akan languages">Akan</a> is the most widely spoken in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_To_The_Verbal_and_Multi-Verbalsystem_of_Akan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction_To_The_Verbal_and_Multi-Verbalsystem_of_Akan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dagbani_language" title="Dagbani language">Dagbani</a>, Dagare, Sisaala, Waale, and Gonja are among the most widely spoken in the northern part of the country. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> has more than seventy ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Languages that belong to the same ethnic group are usually mutually intelligible. The <a href="/wiki/Dagbani_language" title="Dagbani language">Dagbanli</a>, Nanumba and <a href="/wiki/Mampruli_language" title="Mampruli language">Mamprusi</a> languages of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Region, Ghana">Northern Region</a>, are almost the same and, are mutually intelligible with the <a href="/wiki/Frafra_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Frafra language">Frafra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wali_language_(Gur)" title="Wali language (Gur)">Waali</a> languages of the Upper East and <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Region" title="Upper West Region">Upper West Regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Oti%E2%80%93Volta_languages" title="Oti–Volta languages">Mole–Dagbani</a> languages are spoken by more than 20% of the population. </p><p>Eleven languages have the status of government-sponsored languages: three <a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan dialects</a> (<a href="/wiki/Akuapem_dialect" title="Akuapem dialect">Akuapem Twi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asante_dialect" title="Asante dialect">Asante Twi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fante_dialect" title="Fante dialect">Fante</a>) and two <a href="/wiki/Oti%E2%80%93Volta_languages" title="Oti–Volta languages">Mole–Dagbani languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dagaare" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagaare">Dagaare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dagomba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagomba language">Dagbanli</a>). The others are <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adangme_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adangme language">Dangme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nzema_language" title="Nzema language">Nzema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonja_language" title="Gonja language">Gonja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kasem_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasem language">Kasem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2019, the Ghanaian government declared its intention to make French one of Ghana's official languages due to the country being surrounded by Francophone countries (<a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> to a lesser extent, the <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>) and the presence of a French speaking minority in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government-sponsored_languages">Government-sponsored languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Government-sponsored languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of government-sponsored languages is either eleven or nine, depending on whether or not <a href="/wiki/Akuapem_Twi" class="mw-redirect" title="Akuapem Twi">Akuapem Twi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asante_dialect" title="Asante dialect">Asante Twi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fante_dialect" title="Fante dialect">Fante</a> are considered a single language.<sup id="cite_ref-NCA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are supported by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ghana_Languages" title="Bureau of Ghana Languages">Bureau of Ghana Languages</a>, which was established in 1951 and publishes materials in the languages; during the periods when Ghanaian languages were used in primary education, these were the languages which were used. All these languages belong to the <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger–Congo language family">Niger–Congo language family</a>, though to several different branches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akan_(Fante,_Asante_Twi_and_Akuapem_Twi)"><span id="Akan_.28Fante.2C_Asante_Twi_and_Akuapem_Twi.29"></span>Akan (Fante, Asante Twi and Akuapem Twi)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Akan (Fante, Asante Twi and Akuapem Twi)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_(Ghana)_LOC_88692692.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_%28Ghana%29_LOC_88692692.jpg/350px-Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_%28Ghana%29_LOC_88692692.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="484" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_%28Ghana%29_LOC_88692692.jpg/525px-Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_%28Ghana%29_LOC_88692692.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_%28Ghana%29_LOC_88692692.jpg/700px-Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_%28Ghana%29_LOC_88692692.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3602" data-file-height="4985" /></a><figcaption>A map of Ghana's ethno-linguistic areas</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Akan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Akan languages">Akan</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa branch</a> of the Niger–Congo family, is a <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">dialect continuum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with regard to official status, only a few out of the many varieties of Akan are recognised: <a href="/wiki/Fante_dialect" title="Fante dialect">Fante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asante_dialect" title="Asante dialect">Asante Twi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akuapem_dialect" title="Akuapem dialect">Akuapem Twi</a>. Taken as a whole, Akan is the most-widely spoken language in Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_To_The_Verbal_and_Multi-Verbalsystem_of_Akan_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction_To_The_Verbal_and_Multi-Verbalsystem_of_Akan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ewe">Ewe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ewe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe language</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Niger_languages" title="Volta–Niger languages">Volta–Niger branch</a> of the Niger–Congo family. The Ewe Language is spoken in Ghana, Togo and Benin with a trace of the language in West Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of the many dialects of Ewe spoken in Ghana, the major ones are Anlo, Tongu, Vedome, Gbi, and Krepi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dagbani">Dagbani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dagbani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dagbani_language" title="Dagbani language">Dagbani</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur languages</a>. It is the most spoken language in Northern Ghana. The number of native speakers numbers more than three million, This number will reach six million if dialects such as Nanumba, Mamprusi and Kamara are added. It belongs to the larger <a href="/wiki/Oti%E2%80%93Volta_languages" title="Oti–Volta languages">Mole–Dagbani</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Africa#Overview#Western_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Africa">ethnic group</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">makes up about 18.5% of the population</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is spoken by <a href="/wiki/Dagomba_people" title="Dagomba people">Dagombas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Region, Ghana">Northern Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dangme">Dangme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dangme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adangme_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adangme language">Dangme</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Ga%E2%80%93Dangme_languages" title="Ga–Dangme languages">Ga–Dangme languages</a> within the Kwa branch. It is spoken in Greater Accra, in south-east Ghana and Togo.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dangme is a West African Kwa language spoken in Ghana, and it has been gaining popularity among Ghana residents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dagaare">Dagaare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dagaare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dagaare_language" title="Dagaare language">Dagaare</a> is another of the Gur languages. It is spoken in the Upper West Region of Ghana. It is also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waali, spoken by the Wala people, and the Dagaare language are languages that can be understood by each other's speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ga">Ga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a> is the other Ga–Dangme language within the Kwa branch. Ga is spoken in south-eastern Ghana, in and around the capital Accra. It is a Niger-Congo language in the Kwa branch, spoken by around 600,000 people in Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six separate towns comprised the Ga-speaking peoples: Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungua, and Tema. Each town had a central stool of importance in Ga traditions. Accra, among these towns, rose to prominence and now serves as Ghana's capital. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nzema">Nzema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nzema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nzema_language" title="Nzema language">Nzema</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Bia_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bia languages">Bia languages</a>, closely related to Akan. It is spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Nzema_people" title="Nzema people">Nzema people</a> in the Western Region of Ghana. It is also spoken in the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Ivory Coast</a>. Nzema, also known as Appolo, is mainly spoken in Ghana's Jomoro district and Ivory Coast's Comoé district. In 2004, it had around 330,000 speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nzema language utilizes a Latin-based script and comprises a total of twenty-four alphabetic characters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasem">Kasem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kasem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kasem_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasem language">Kasem</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Gurunsi_languages" title="Gurunsi languages">Gurunsi language</a>, in the Gur branch. It is spoken in the Upper Eastern Region of Ghana. It is also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>. By 1998, Kasem had around 250,000 speakers, divided between Ghana (130,000) and Burkina Faso (120,000). It's alternatively known as Kasena, Kasim, Kassem, Kasɩm, or Kassena.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gonja">Gonja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gonja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gonja_language" title="Gonja language">Gonja</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Guang_languages" title="Guang languages">Guang languages</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Tano_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tano languages">Tano languages</a> within the Kwa branch along with Akan and Bia. It is spoken in the Northern Region of Ghana and Wa. "Gonja" comes from "Kada Goro-Jaa" in Hausa, signifying "land of Red Cola." Ghana has over 285,000 Gonja people.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages_spoken_in_Ghana_by_number_of_speakers">Languages spoken in Ghana by number of speakers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Languages spoken in Ghana by number of speakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This chart reflects data provided by <i>Ethnologue</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Language </th> <th>Speakers </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>English </td> <td>9,800,002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Akan languages">Akan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fante_dialect" title="Fante dialect">Fante</a>/<a href="/wiki/Twi" title="Twi">Twi</a>) </td> <td>9,100,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Pidgin_English" title="Ghanaian Pidgin English">Ghanaian Pidgin English</a> </td> <td>5,000,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a> Dialects of Ɛve include Aŋlo, Tɔŋu, Vɛdomɛ,Gbi, Krepi, among others) </td> <td>3,820,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abron_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Abron dialect">Abron</a> </td> <td>1,170,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dagbani_language" title="Dagbani language">Dagbani</a> (including Mamprusi, and Nanumba dialects) </td> <td>1,160,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dangme_language" title="Dangme language">Dangme</a> </td> <td>1,020,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dagaare_language" title="Dagaare language">Dagaare</a> </td> <td>924,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konkomba_language" title="Konkomba language">Konkomba</a> </td> <td>831,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a> </td> <td>745,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>Farefare </td> <td>638,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>Kusaal </td> <td>535,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mamprusi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamprusi language">Mampruli</a> </td> <td>414,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gonja_language" title="Gonja language">Gonja</a> </td> <td>310,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehwi_language" title="Sehwi language">Sehwi</a> </td> <td>305,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nzema_language" title="Nzema language">Nzema</a> </td> <td>299,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>French </td> <td>273,795 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wasa_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasa dialect">Wasa</a> </td> <td>273,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisaala_language" title="Sisaala language">Sisaala, Tumulung</a> </td> <td>219,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisaala_language" title="Sisaala language">Sisaala, Western</a> </td> <td>219,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bimoba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bimoba language">Bimoba</a> </td> <td>176,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahanta_language" title="Ahanta language">Ahanta</a> </td> <td>175,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ntcham_language" title="Ntcham language">Ntcham</a> </td> <td>169,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buli_language_(Ghana)" title="Buli language (Ghana)">Buli</a> </td> <td>168,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bisa_language_(Burkina_Faso)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisa language (Burkina Faso)">Bisa</a> </td> <td>166,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kasena_language" title="Kasena language">Kasem</a> </td> <td>149,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tem_language" title="Tem language">Tem</a> </td> <td>134,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherepon_language" title="Cherepon language">Cherepon</a> </td> <td>132,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Birifor_language" title="Southern Birifor language">Birifor, Southern</a> </td> <td>125,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anufo_language" title="Anufo language">Anufo</a> </td> <td>91,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wali_language_(Gur)" title="Wali language (Gur)">Wali</a> </td> <td>84,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larteh_language" title="Larteh language">Larteh</a> </td> <td>74,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siwu_language" title="Siwu language">Siwu</a> </td> <td>71,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chumburung_language" title="Chumburung language">Chumburung</a> </td> <td>69,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anyin_language" title="Anyin language">Anyin</a> </td> <td>66,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nafaanra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafaanra">Nafaanra</a> </td> <td>61,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krache_language" title="Krache language">Krache</a> </td> <td>58,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lelemi_language" title="Lelemi language">Lelemi</a> </td> <td>48,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deg_language" title="Deg language">Deg</a> </td> <td>42,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paasaal_language" title="Paasaal language">Paasaal</a> </td> <td>36,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabiye_language" title="Kabiye language">Kabre, (language kabre)</a> </td> <td>35,642 </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avatime_language" title="Avatime language">Avatime</a> </td> <td>27,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kulango_language" title="Kulango language">Kulango, Bondoukou</a> </td> <td>27,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekpele_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekpele language">Sekpele</a> </td> <td>23,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delo_language" title="Delo language">Delo</a> </td> <td>18,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jwira-Pepesa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jwira-Pepesa language">Jwira-Pepesa</a> </td> <td>18,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gua_language" title="Gua language">Gua</a> </td> <td>17,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampulma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampulma">Tampulma</a> </td> <td>16,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>48 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kulango_language" title="Kulango language">Kulango, Bouna</a> </td> <td>15,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ligbi_language" title="Ligbi language">Ligbi</a> </td> <td>15,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawuri_language" title="Nawuri language">Nawuri</a> </td> <td>14,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>51 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vagla_language" title="Vagla language">Vagla</a> </td> <td>13,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>52 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuwuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuwuli">Tuwuli</a> </td> <td>11,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>53 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selee_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Selee language">Selee</a> </td> <td>11,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>54 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adele_language" title="Adele language">Adele</a> </td> <td>11,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>55 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nkonya_language" title="Nkonya language">Nkonya</a> </td> <td>11,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>56 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gikyode" class="mw-redirect" title="Gikyode">Gikyode</a> </td> <td>10,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dwang_language" title="Dwang language">Dwang</a> </td> <td>8,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>58 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akposo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Akposo language">Akposo</a> </td> <td>7,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>59 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logba_language" title="Logba language">Logba</a> </td> <td>7,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nkami_language" title="Nkami language">Nkami</a> </td> <td>7,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>61 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanga_language" title="Hanga language">Hanga</a> </td> <td>6,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>62 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyangbo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyangbo language">Nyangbo</a> </td> <td>6,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>63 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chakali_language" title="Chakali language">Chakali</a> </td> <td>6,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian Sign Language">Ghanaian Sign Language</a> </td> <td>6,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>65 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Safaliba_language" title="Safaliba language">Safaliba</a> </td> <td>5,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>66 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tafi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafi language">Tafi</a> </td> <td>4,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>67 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maasina_Fulfulde" title="Maasina Fulfulde">Fulfulde, Maasina</a> </td> <td>4,240 </td></tr> <tr> <td>68 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adangbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Adangbe">Adangbe/Dangbe</a> </td> <td>4,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>69 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konni_language" title="Konni language">Konni</a> </td> <td>3,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>70 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe Sign Language</a> </td> <td>3,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>71 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chala_language" title="Chala language">Chala</a> </td> <td>3,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>72 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamara_language" title="Kamara language">Kamara</a> </td> <td>3,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>73 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kantosi_language" title="Kantosi language">Kantosi</a> </td> <td>2,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>74 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bago-Kusuntu_language" title="Bago-Kusuntu language">Kusuntu</a> </td> <td>2,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nchumbulu_language" title="Nchumbulu language">Nchumbulu</a> </td> <td>1,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>76 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kplang_language" title="Kplang language">Kplang</a> </td> <td>1,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>77 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dompo_language" title="Dompo language">Dompo</a> </td> <td>970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animere_language" title="Animere language">Animere</a> </td> <td>700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>79 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> </td> <td>Unclear </td></tr> <tr> <td>80 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lama_language" title="Lama language">Lama</a> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>81 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawdm_language" title="Nawdm language">Nawdm</a> </td> <td>Unclear </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_classification">Language classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Language classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language of Ghana belong to the following branches within the <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo language family</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa languages</a> (Akan, Bia, Guang in Tano; Ga and Adangme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe languages</a> (Ewe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur languages</a> (Gurunsi, <a href="/wiki/Dagbani_language" title="Dagbani language">Dagbani</a>, Mossi, Dagaare, and Frafra in Oti–Volta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nafaanra_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafaanra language">Nafaanra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulango_languages" title="Kulango languages">Kulango languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande languages</a> (Wangara, Ligbi)</li></ul> <p>Older classifications may instead group them as Kwa, Gur, and Mande. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ghana" title="Demographics of Ghana">Demographics of Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_English" title="Ghanaian English">Ghanaian English</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Ghana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_Ghanaian_Government_states_that_English_is_the_official_language-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Ghanaian_Government_states_that_English_is_the_official_language_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghanaembassy.org/index.php?page=language-and-religion">"Language and Religion"</a>. Ghana Embassy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301155437/https://www.ghanaembassy.org/index.php?page=language-and-religion">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2017</span>. <q>English is the official language of Ghana and is universally used in schools in addition to nine other local languages. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Ga+%7C+Ga+People+%7C+West+African+Tribe%2C+Language+%26+Culture+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FGa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNdetei2019" class="citation web cs1">Ndetei, Chris (2019-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yen.com.gh/133827-nzema-basic-phrases-interesting-facts.html">"Fascinating facts about the Nzema community and useful phrases"</a>. <i>Yen.com.gh – Ghana news</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yen.com.gh+%E2%80%93+Ghana+news.&rft.atitle=Fascinating+facts+about+the+Nzema+community+and+useful+phrases&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft.aulast=Ndetei&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyen.com.gh%2F133827-nzema-basic-phrases-interesting-facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nzema.htm">"Nzema language, alphabet and pronunciation"</a>. <i>www.omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Nzema+language%2C+alphabet+and+pronunciation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fnzema.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lughayangu.com/kasem">"Kasem to English dictionary "</a>. <i>Lughayangu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lughayangu&rft.atitle=Kasem+to+English+dictionary+.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flughayangu.com%2Fkasem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/kasem.htm">"Kasem language and alphabet"</a>. <i>omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Kasem+language+and+alphabet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fkasem.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNdetei2020" class="citation web cs1">Ndetei, Chris (2020-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yen.com.gh/171789-guan-tribe-history-language-food-dance-festivals-facts.html">"Guan tribe: history, language, food, dance, festivals, facts"</a>. <i>Yen.com.gh – Ghana news</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yen.com.gh+%E2%80%93+Ghana+news.&rft.atitle=Guan+tribe%3A+history%2C+language%2C+food%2C+dance%2C+festivals%2C+facts&rft.date=2020-10-02&rft.aulast=Ndetei&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyen.com.gh%2F171789-guan-tribe-history-language-food-dance-festivals-facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Ghana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GH/languages">"Ghana"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Ghana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Ghana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Ghana128" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages of Ghana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_English" title="Ghanaian English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creole languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Pidgin_English" title="Ghanaian Pidgin English">Ghanaian Pidgin English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government-sponsored</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twi" title="Twi">Twi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asante_dialect" title="Asante dialect">Asante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuapem_dialect" title="Akuapem dialect">Akuapem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fante_dialect" title="Fante dialect">Fante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagaare_language" title="Dagaare language">Dagaare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagbani_language" title="Dagbani language">Dagbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangme_language" title="Dangme language">Dangme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonja_language" title="Gonja language">Gonja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasena_language" title="Kasena language">Kasem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzema_language" title="Nzema language">Nzema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birifor_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Birifor language">Birifor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buli_language_(Ghana)" title="Buli language (Ghana)">Buli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakali_language" title="Chakali language">Chakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chala_language" title="Chala language">Chala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deg_language" title="Deg language">Deg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delo_language" title="Delo language">Delo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frafra_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Frafra language">Frafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanga_language" title="Hanga language">Hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabiye_language" title="Kabiye language">Kabye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamara_language" title="Kamara language">Kamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantosi_language" title="Kantosi language">Kantosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkomba_language" title="Konkomba language">Konkomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni_language" title="Konni language">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusasi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusasi language">Kusasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamprusi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamprusi language">Mamprusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moba_language" title="Moba language">Moba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor%C3%A9" title="Mooré">Mooré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabit_language" title="Nabit language">Nabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_language" title="Notre language">Notre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntcham_language" title="Ntcham language">Ntcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuni_language" title="Nuni language">Nuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paasaal_language" title="Paasaal language">Paasaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safaliba_language" title="Safaliba language">Safaliba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisaala_language" title="Sisaala language">Sisaala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talni_language" title="Talni language">Talni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamprusi_language" title="Tamprusi language">Tamprusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_language" title="Tem language">Tem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagla_language" title="Vagla language">Vagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_language_(Gur)" title="Wali language (Gur)">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winye_language" title="Winye language">Winye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yobe_language" title="Yobe language">Yobe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adele_language" title="Adele language">Adele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahanta_language" title="Ahanta language">Ahanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anii_language" title="Anii language">Anii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animere_language" title="Animere language">Animere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyin_language" title="Anyin language">Anyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatime_language" title="Avatime language">Avatime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bono language">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowili_language" title="Bowili language">Bowili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakosi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakosi language">Chakosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherepon_language" title="Cherepon language">Cherepon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumburung_language" title="Chumburung language">Chumburung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efutu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Efutu language">Efutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_language" title="Gua language">Gua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jwira-Pepesa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jwira-Pepesa language">Jwira-Pepesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebu_language" title="Kebu language">Kebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kposo_language" title="Kposo language">Kposo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krache_language" title="Krache language">Krache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larteh_language" title="Larteh language">Larteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelemi_language" title="Lelemi language">Lelemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likpe_language" title="Likpe language">Likpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logba_language" title="Logba language">Logba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpra_language" title="Mpra language">Mpra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkami_language" title="Nkami language">Nkami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkonya_language" title="Nkonya language">Nkonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyangbo-Tafi_language" title="Nyangbo-Tafi language">Nyangbo-Tafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santrokofi_language" title="Santrokofi language">Santrokofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwi_language" title="Sehwi language">Sehwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwu_language" title="Siwu language">Siwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasa_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasa dialect">Wasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligbi_language" title="Ligbi language">Ligbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonjon_language" title="Tonjon language">Tonjon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpur_language_(Ghana)" title="Mpur language (Ghana)">Mpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafaanra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafaanra">Nafaanra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian Sign Language">Ghanaian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanabin_Sign_Language" title="Nanabin Sign Language">Nanabin Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ghana_articles642" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ghana_topics" title="Template:Ghana topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ghana_topics" title="Template talk:Ghana topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ghana_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ghana topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ghana_articles642" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ghana-related_articles" title="Index of Ghana-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ghana" title="History of Ghana">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Ghanaian_history" title="Timeline of Ghanaian history">Historical timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Ghana" title="Early history of Ghana">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono_state" title="Bono state">Bono state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti Empire">Ashanti Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumah_government" title="Nkrumah government">First Republic (1960–1966)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Council" title="National Liberation Council">National Liberation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Abrefa_Busia" title="Kofi Abrefa Busia">Kofi Busia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Kutu_Acheampong" title="Ignatius Kutu Acheampong">Ignatius Kutu Acheampong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Revolutionary_Council,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Ghana">Armed Forces Revolutionary Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilla_Limann" title="Hilla Limann">Hilla Limann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_National_Defence_Council" title="Provisional National Defence Council">Provisional National Defence Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings" title="Jerry Rawlings">Jerry Rawlings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kufuor" title="John Kufuor">John Kufuor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Atta_Mills" title="John Atta Mills">John Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Akufo-Addo" title="Nana Akufo-Addo">Nana Akufo-Addo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Ghana" title="Economic history of Ghana">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_Ghana" title="Political history of Ghana">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Ghana" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Ghana">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ghana" title="Geography of Ghana">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Ghana" title="Template:Borders of Ghana">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ghana" title="List of cities in Ghana">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ghana" title="Climate of Ghana">Climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Ghana" title="Climate change in Ghana">Climate change</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forests_of_Ghana" title="Category:Forests of Ghana">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Ghana" title="Category:Mountains of Ghana">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Ghana" title="List of national parks of Ghana">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Ghana" title="Category:Protected areas of Ghana">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ghana" title="List of rivers of Ghana">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of Ghana">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ghana" title="Politics of Ghana">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ghana" title="Administrative divisions of Ghana">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ghana" title="Constitution of Ghana">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ghana" title="Cabinet of Ghana">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ghana" title="Elections in Ghana">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ghana" title="Foreign relations of Ghana">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ghana" title="Government of Ghana">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ghana" title="Human rights in Ghana">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ghana">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ghana" title="Judiciary of Ghana">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ghana" title="Law enforcement in Ghana">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Armed_Forces" title="Ghana Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ghana" title="List of political parties in Ghana">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ghana" title="Parliament of Ghana">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ghana" title="Economy of Ghana">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ghana" title="Agriculture in Ghana">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cedi" title="Ghanaian cedi">Cedi (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ghana" title="Bank of Ghana">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Ghana" title="Electricity sector in Ghana">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Ghana">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ghana" title="Trade unions in Ghana">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ghana" title="Manufacturing in Ghana">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Ghana" title="Mining industry of Ghana">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Ghana" title="Oil reserves in Ghana">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Stock_Exchange" title="Ghana Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ghana" title="Tourism in Ghana">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ghana" title="Transport in Ghana">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Ghana" title="Water supply and sanitation in Ghana">Water and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ghana" title="Category:Society of Ghana">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ghana" title="Abortion in Ghana">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Ghana" title="Crime in Ghana">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime_in_Ghana" title="Cybercrime in Ghana">Cybercrime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ghana" title="Demographics of Ghana">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_Ghana" title="Discrimination in Ghana">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Ghana" title="Domestic violence in Ghana">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ghana" title="Education in Ghana">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Ghana">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ghana" title="Health in Ghana">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ghana" title="Human trafficking in Ghana">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Ghana" title="Illegal immigration to Ghana">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mob_justice_in_Ghana" title="Mob justice in Ghana">Mob justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Ghana" title="Polygamy in Ghana">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Ghana" title="Prostitution in Ghana">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Ghana" title="Street children in Ghana">Street children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Ghana" title="Squatting in Ghana">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ghana" title="Women in Ghana">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ghana" title="Culture of Ghana">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ghana" title="Architecture of Ghana">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%27s_material_cultural_heritage" title="Ghana's material cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Ghana">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ghana" title="Music of Ghana">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_Our_Homeland_Ghana" title="God Bless Our Homeland Ghana">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pledge_Of_Ghana" title="National Pledge Of Ghana">National pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ghana" title="Public holidays in Ghana">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Ghana" title="Sports in Ghana">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conduct_in_Ghana" title="Social conduct in Ghana">Social conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Ghana" title="Video games in Ghana">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Ghana" title="Witchcraft in Ghana">Witchcraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ghana" title="Outline of Ghana">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ghana-related_articles" title="Index of Ghana-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Ghana#Further_reading" title="Ghana">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ghana" title="Category:Ghana">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Africa273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Africa273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Languages of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Algeria" title="Languages of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Angola" title="Languages of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Benin" title="Languages of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Botswana" title="Languages of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Languages of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Burundi" title="Languages of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cameroon" title="Languages of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Languages of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Chad" title="Languages of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Comoros" title="Languages of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Djibouti" title="Languages of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Egypt" title="Languages of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Eritrea" title="Languages of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Eswatini" title="Languages of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gabon" title="Languages of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Gambia" title="Languages of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guinea" title="Languages of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Languages of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Languages of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kenya" title="Languages of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Lesotho" title="Languages of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Liberia" title="Languages of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Libya" title="Languages of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Madagascar" title="Languages of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mali" title="Languages of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mauritania" title="Languages of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mauritius" title="Languages of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Morocco" title="Languages of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mozambique" title="Languages of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Namibia" title="Languages of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niger" title="Languages of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Languages of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Rwanda" title="Languages of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Languages of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Senegal" title="Languages of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Seychelles" title="Languages of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Languages of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Somalia" title="Languages of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Africa" title="Languages of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Sudan" title="Languages of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sudan" title="Languages of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Togo" title="Languages of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tunisia" title="Languages of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Uganda" title="Languages of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Zambia" title="Languages of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Zimbabwe" title="Languages of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Somaliland" title="Languages of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_and_accents_of_Modern_English_by_continent198" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_dialects" title="Template:English dialects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_dialects" title="Template talk:English dialects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_dialects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English dialects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dialects_and_accents_of_Modern_English_by_continent198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_English" title="List of dialects of English">Dialects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_accents_of_English" title="Regional accents of English">accents</a> of <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> by continent</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">Great <br />Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_England" title="English language in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Northern_England" title="English language in Northern England">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_dialect" title="Cheshire dialect">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbrian_dialect" title="Cumbrian dialect">Cumbria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrovian" title="Barrovian">Barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_dialect" title="Lancashire dialect">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_dialect" title="Manchester dialect">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_dialect" title="Northumbrian dialect">Northumbria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitmatic" title="Pitmatic">Pitmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackem" title="Mackem">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geordie" title="Geordie">Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoggie" title="Smoggie">Teesside</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_dialect" title="Yorkshire dialect">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_English" title="East Midlands English">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_English" title="West Midlands English">West Midlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brummie_dialect" title="Brummie dialect">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Country_dialect" title="Black Country dialect">Black Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potteries_dialect" title="Potteries dialect">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Southern_England" title="English language in Southern England">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Anglian_English" title="East Anglian English">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary_English" title="Estuary English">London & Thames Estuary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockney" title="Cockney">Cockney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicultural_London_English" title="Multicultural London English">Multicultural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Country_English" title="West Country English">West Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_dialect" title="Cornish dialect">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_dialect" title="Dorset dialect">Dorset</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_dialect" title="Glasgow dialect">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abercraf_English" title="Abercraf English">Abercraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_English" title="Cardiff English">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_dialect" title="Gower dialect">Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Talbot_English" title="Port Talbot English">Port Talbot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_English" title="Dublin English">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Irish_English" title="South-West Irish English">South-West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_English" title="Ulster English">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Island_English" title="Channel Island English">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_English" title="Gibraltarian English">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_English" title="Manx English">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_English" title="Maltese English">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America2312" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North <br />America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_English_in_Canada" title="Indigenous English in Canada">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canadian_English" title="Atlantic Canadian English">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg_English" title="Lunenburg English">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_English" title="Newfoundland English">Newfoundland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_slang" title="Toronto slang">Multicultural Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Valley_English" title="Ottawa Valley English">Ottawa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_English" title="Quebec English">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Canadian_English" title="Standard Canadian English">Standard Canadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">United <br />States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_English" title="New England English">New England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_New_England_English" title="Eastern New England English">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_accent" title="Maine accent">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_England_English" title="Western New England English">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_American_English" title="Northern American English">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Central_American_English" title="North-Central American English">North-Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_accent" title="Baltimore accent">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_English" title="Appalachian English">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Tider" title="High Tider">High Tider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_English" title="New Orleans English">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Older_Southern_American_English" title="Older Southern American English">Older</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_English" title="Texan English">Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_American_English" title="Western American English">West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_English" title="Pacific Northwest English">Pacific Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_English" title="Western Pennsylvania English">Western Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social and <br />ethno-cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">Vernacular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_English" title="American Indian English">American Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_English" title="Cajun English">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_English" title="Chicano English">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_American_English" title="General American English">General American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_American_Speech" title="Good American Speech">Good American Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_accent" title="Miami accent">Miami Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Latino_English" title="New York Latino English">New York Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_elite_accent" title="Northeastern elite accent">Northeastern elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_English" title="Pennsylvania Dutch English">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_English" title="Antiguan and Barbudan English">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_English" title="Bahamian English">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="English in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bequia_English" title="Bequia English">Bequia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_English" title="Cayman Islands English">Cayman Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_English" title="Bay Islands English">Bay Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_English" title="Jamaican English">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saban_English" title="Saban English">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_English" title="Samaná English">Samaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_English" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian English">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_English" title="Bermudian English">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_English" title="Falkland Islands English">Falkland Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australia481" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Variation_in_Australian_English" title="Variation in Australian English">variation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_English" title="Australian Aboriginal English">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_English" title="South Australian English">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_English" title="Torres Strait English">Torres Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_English" title="Western Australian English">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji#Fiji_English" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English_phonology" title="New Zealand English phonology">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_English" title="Palauan English">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_English" title="Solomon Islands English">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_English" title="Cameroonian English">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_English" title="Gambian English">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_English" title="Ghanaian English">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_English" title="Kenyan English">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_English" title="Liberian English">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_English" title="Malawian English">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namlish" title="Namlish">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_English" title="Nigerian English">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_English" title="Sierra Leonean English">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_South_African_English_phonology" title="White South African English phonology">accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Flats_English" title="Cape Flats English">Cape Flats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_English" title="South Atlantic English">South Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_English" title="Ugandan English">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_English" title="Zimbabwean English">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_English" title="South Asian English">South Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_English" title="Bangladeshi English">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_differences_and_dialects_in_Indian_English" title="Regional differences and dialects in Indian English">regional and occupational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_English" title="Nepalese English">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_English" title="Sri Lankan English">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_English" title="Southeast Asian English">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_English" title="Brunei English">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_English" title="Myanmar English">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_English" title="Singapore English">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_English" title="Antarctic English">Antarctica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_and_general_accents" title="Broad and general accents">Broad and general accents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English" title="Comparison of American and British English">Comparison of American and British English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Prime" title="E-Prime">E-Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca" title="English as a lingua franca">English as a lingua franca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-based_creole_languages" title="English-based creole languages">English-based creole languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englishisation" title="Englishisation">Englishisation</a></li> <li>Globish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Globish_(Gogate)" title="Globish (Gogate)">Gogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globish_(Nerri%C3%A8re)" title="Globish (Nerrière)">Nerrière</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_English" title="International English">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_English_(version_of_English)" title="Learning English (version of English)">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_purism_in_English" title="Linguistic purism in English">Linguistic purism in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English-based_pidgins" title="List of English-based pidgins">List of English-based pidgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-native_pronunciations_of_English" title="Non-native pronunciations of English">Non-native pronunciations of English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_English" title="Plain English">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_English" title="Standard English">Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English-speaking_world69" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template talk:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English-speaking_world69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_language#Geographical_distribution" title="English language">English-speaking world</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span title="English speaking countries"><img alt="English speaking countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/600px-Anglophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/900px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/1200px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="974" resource="/wiki/File:Anglophone_World.svg" /></span><figcaption>English speaking countries</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Further_links69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Further links</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English language">History of the English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">English in the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;color:darkblue;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_population" title="List of countries by English-speaking population">List of countries by English-speaking population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_English_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where English is an official language">List of countries where English is an official language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:blue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_the_national_language_or_the_native_language_of_the_majority236"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightblue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language,_but_not_the_majority_first_language161"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" 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