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id="n-A-Taberna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:A_Taberna"><span>A Taberna</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Actualidade" title="Información acerca de acontecementos de actualidade"><span>Actualidade</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_recentes" title="A lista de modificacións recentes no wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Cambios recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-Artigos-de-calidade" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artigos_de_calidade"><span>Artigos de calidade</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Ao_chou" title="Cargar unha páxina ao chou [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Páxina ao chou</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Axuda" title="O lugar para informarse"><span>Axuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="a Wikipedia en galego" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-gl.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Procurar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Procurar neste wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ferramentas persoais"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Cambia a aparencia do tamaño da fonte, o ancho e a cor da páxina" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparencia" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparencia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&uselang=gl" class=""><span>Doazóns</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_unha_conta&returnto=I%C3%B3n" title="É recomendable que cree unha conta e acceda ao sistema, se ben non é obrigatorio" class=""><span>Crear unha conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Iniciar_sesi%C3%B3n&returnto=I%C3%B3n" title="É recomendable que se rexistre, se ben non é obrigatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Acceder ao sistema</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Máis opcións" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas persoais" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas persoais</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú de usuario" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_gl.wikipedia.org&uselang=gl"><span>Doazóns</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_unha_conta&returnto=I%C3%B3n" title="É recomendable que cree unha conta e acceda ao sistema, se ben non é obrigatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear unha conta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Iniciar_sesi%C3%B3n&returnto=I%C3%B3n" title="É recomendable que se rexistre, se ben non é obrigatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Acceder ao sistema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páxinas para os editores sen a sesión iniciada <a href="/wiki/Axuda:Introduci%C3%B3n" aria-label="Máis información sobre a edición"><span>máis información</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:As_mi%C3%B1as_contribuci%C3%B3ns" title="Unha lista das modificacións feitas desde este enderezo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucións</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:A_mi%C3%B1a_conversa" title="Conversa acerca de edicións feitas desde este enderezo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etimoloxía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formación_dos_ións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formación_dos_ións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Formación dos ións</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formación_dos_ións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerxía_de_ionización" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerxía_de_ionización"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enerxía de ionización</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerxía_de_ionización-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clases_de_ións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clases_de_ións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clases de ións</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clases_de_ións-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Clases de ións"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clases_de_ións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Catións</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Anións</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_ións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_ións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Outros ións</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_ións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plasma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plasma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Plasma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plasma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Algunhas_aplicacións_dos_ións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algunhas_aplicacións_dos_ións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Algunhas aplicacións dos ións</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algunhas_aplicacións_dos_ións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ións_máis_habituais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ións_máis_habituais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ións máis habituais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ións_máis_habituais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ión</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 120 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioon" title="Ioon – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ioon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="أيون – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0on" title="İon – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="یون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyono" title="Iyono – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iyono" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Іон – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Іён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="আয়ন – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3_(%C3%A0tom)" title="Ió (àtom) – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ió (àtom)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AA-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Liê-cṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Liê-cṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_(pisika)" title="Ion (pisika) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ion (pisika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="ئایۆن – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Fon" title="Ïon – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ïon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Ιόν – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jono" title="Jono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioon" title="Ioon – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioi" title="Ioi – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ioi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="یون – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioni" title="Ioni – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ioni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3n_(evnafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i)" title="Jón (evnafrøði) – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jón (evnafrøði)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian" title="Ian – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ian" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeane" title="Eeane – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eeane" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יון – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyon" title="Iyon – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Iyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Իոն – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iono" title="Iono – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3n_(efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Jón (efnafræði) – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jón (efnafræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ione" title="Ione – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="イオン (化学) – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イオン (化学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იონი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಯಾನು – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಯಾನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8" title="이온 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eyon" title="Îyon – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îyon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Иондор – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иондор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun" title="Jun – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Jun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_(dalel%C4%97)" title="Jonas (dalelė) – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonas (dalelė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jons" title="Jons – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio" title="Rio – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rio" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јон – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="അയോൺ – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အိုင်ယွန် – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်ယွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयन – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आयन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje) – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ion (deeltje)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ione" title="Ione – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ione" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayoonii" title="Ayoonii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ayoonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਆਇਨ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon" title="Jon – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86" title="آئن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Don" title="Íon – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Íon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyun" title="Iyun – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iyun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioni" title="Ioni – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%86" title="آئن – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon" title="Jon – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1" title="අයන – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3n_(%C4%8Dastica)" title="Ión (častica) – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ión (častica)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonda" title="Nonda – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nonda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni" title="Joni – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Joni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јон – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon" title="Jon – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioni" title="Ioni – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ioni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dn" title="Jōn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jōn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="அயனி – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అయాన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అయాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ион" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ไอออน – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอออน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yon" title="İyon – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Іон – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="آئون – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" title="Ion – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ion" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yion" title="Yion – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yion" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iono" title="Iono – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iono" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="离子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B3n%C3%AC" title="Íónì – ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Íónì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ammonium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ammonium.svg/200px-Ammonium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ammonium.svg/300px-Ammonium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ammonium.svg/400px-Ammonium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="95" /></a><figcaption>Ión <a href="/wiki/Amonio" title="Amonio">amonio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>ión</b> consiste nun <a href="/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo">átomo</a> ou grupo de átomos dotados de <a href="/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica">carga eléctrica</a>. Un <a href="/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo">átomo</a> ou unha <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cula" title="Molécula">molécula</a>, de por si electricamente neutros, transfórmanse en ións cando gañan ou perden electróns. O proceso polo que un átomo ou unha molécula se transforman en ións recibe o nome xenérico de ionización. Ó proceso polo que os ións e os electróns se unen para formar átomos ou moléculas, especies electricamente neutras, recibe o nome de recombinación. </p><p>Os ións cargados negativamente, producidos pola ganancia de <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n" title="Electrón">electróns</a>, reciben o nome de <a href="/wiki/Ani%C3%B3n" title="Anión">anións</a> e os cargados positivamente, consecuencia dunha perda de <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n" title="Electrón">electróns</a>, reciben o nome de <a href="/wiki/Cati%C3%B3n" title="Catión">catións</a>. </p><p>Os ións represéntanse da mesma forma que os átomos ou moléculas, pero coa presenza dun expoñente que indica a carga eléctrica neta. Fe<sup>3+</sup>; OH<sup>−</sup> representan o ión ferro (III) e o ión hidróxido. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os primeiros ións foron teorizados por Michael Faraday arredor de 1830 para describir as porcións en que se dividían as moléculas nos procesos electrolíticos para dirixirse cara aos eléctrodos; o ánodo, eléctrodo cargado positivamente, e o cátodo, cargado negativamente. O mecanismo polo que isto ocorría non foi descrito ata 1884, ano en que <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a> o presenta na súa disertación doutoral. Aínda que a teoría de Arrhenius non foi aceptada inicialmente, con posterioridade recibiu o recoñecemento debido outorgándoselle o Premio Nobel de Química de 1903 pola mesma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloxía"><span id="Etimolox.C3.ADa"></span>Etimoloxía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Etimoloxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Etimoloxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O termo ión outorgado por Faraday a estas especies químicas provén do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_grega" title="Lingua grega">grego</a> <i>ἰόν = ion</i>, que significa "<b>o que vai</b>". </p><p><b>Anión</b> significaría: "o que vai cara arriba". <b>Catión</b>: "o que vai cara abaixo". <b>Ánodo</b>: "o camiño cara arriba". <b>Cátodo</b>: "o camiño cara abaixo". (ὁδός <i>odós</i>: camiño, vía). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formación_dos_ións"><span id="Formaci.C3.B3n_dos_i.C3.B3ns"></span>Formación dos ións</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Formación dos ións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Formación dos ións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cando un átomo de sodio perde un electrón dá lugar ó ión (catión) sodio: </p> <dl><dd>Na → Na<sup>+</sup> + 1e<sup>−</sup></dd></dl> <p>Cando un átomo de cloro gaña un electrón dá lugar o ión (anión) cloruro: </p> <dl><dd>Cl + 1e<sup>−</sup> → Cl<sup>−</sup></dd></dl> <p>A rotura ou disociación de moléculas tamén pode dar lugar a ións: </p> <dl><dd>HCl → H<sup>+</sup> + Cl<sup>−</sup></dd></dl> <p>A adición dun ión a unha molécula é un mecanismo habitual de formación de ións poliatómicos: </p> <dl><dd>H<sup>+</sup> + NH<sub>3</sub> → NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></dd></dl> <p>Neste último caso a formación do ión non é debida a ganancia ou perda de electróns por parte do amoníaco (NH<sub>3</sub>), senón a ganancia dun protón por parte do mesmo. O amoníaco e o ión amonio (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) teñen o mesmo número de electróns, unha capa completa, o que os fai particularmente estables, e diferéncianse no úmero de protóns, tendo o ión amonio un protón máis que electróns o que lle outorga unha carga neta positiva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enerxía_de_ionización"><span id="Enerx.C3.ADa_de_ionizaci.C3.B3n"></span>Enerxía de ionización</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Enerxía de ionización»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Enerxía de ionización"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa" title="Enerxía">enerxía</a> necesaria para separar completamente o electrón máis debilmente unido ó resto do átomo, no seu estado fundamental, e de tal xeito que no electrón arrincado non quede ningunha enerxía residual (nin <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_potencial" title="Enerxía potencial">potencial</a> nin <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_cin%C3%A9tica" title="Enerxía cinética">cinética</a>) denomináselle primeira <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_de_ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Enerxía de ionización">enerxía de ionización</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Potencial_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Potencial eléctrico">potencial eléctrico</a> equivalente (é dicir, a enerxía dividida pola carga do electrón) coñécese como o potencial de ionización. Estes termos tamén se empregan para describir a ionización das <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cula" title="Molécula">moléculas</a> , pero os valores non son constantes debido a que a ionización pode estar afectada por factores como a <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Xeometr%C3%ADa" title="Xeometría">xeometría</a> superficial, se se trata dun sólido. </p><p>A unidade do sistema internacional de unidades (<a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a>) para a enerxía de ionización é o J/mol, aínda que se usa con máis frecuencia o kJ/mol, cando se refire a cantidades molares y o eV (<a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n-voltio" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrón-voltio">electrón-voltio</a>) cando se refire a átomos individuais. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clases_de_ións"><span id="Clases_de_i.C3.B3ns"></span>Clases de ións</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Clases de ións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Clases de ións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catións"><span id="Cati.C3.B3ns"></span>Catións</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Catións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Catións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Son as especies químicas cargadas positivamente. Fórmanse habitualmente cando un átomo ou unha molécula perden electróns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anións"><span id="Ani.C3.B3ns"></span>Anións</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Anións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Anións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Son as especies químicas cargadas negativamente. Fórmanse habitualmente cando un átomo ou unha molécula gañan electróns. </p><p>Nos ións negativos, cada electrón do átomo orixinalmente neutro, está fortemente retido pola carga positiva do núcleo. O electrón adicional non está vinculado ó núcleo por forzas de Coulomb, está unido pola polarización do átomo neutro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_ións"><span id="Outros_i.C3.B3ns"></span>Outros ións</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Outros ións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros ións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diani%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dianión (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dianión</a></b>: Un dianión é unha especie que ten dúas cargas negativas, separadas, sobre ela. Por exemplo: o dianión do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentaleno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentaleno (a páxina aínda non existe)">pentaleno</a>, que é un <a href="/wiki/Hidrocarburo_arom%C3%A1tico" title="Hidrocarburo aromático">hidrocarburo aromático</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zwitteri%C3%B3n" title="Zwitterión">Zwitterión</a></b>: Un Zwitterión é un ión cunha carga neta igual a cero pero que presenta dúas cargas illadas sobre a mesma especie, unha negativa e outra positiva.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radicais_i%C3%B3nicos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radicais iónicos (a páxina aínda non existe)">Radicais iónicos</a></b>: Son ións que teñen un número irregular de electróns e presentan unha forte inestabilidade e reactividade.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Cumene-radical-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cumene-radical-3D-balls.png/200px-Cumene-radical-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cumene-radical-3D-balls.png/300px-Cumene-radical-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cumene-radical-3D-balls.png/400px-Cumene-radical-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Radical cumeno.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plasma">Plasma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Plasma»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Plasma"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chámaselle plasma a un fluído gasoso formado por ións. Tamén se emprega esta expresión para referirse a mostras de gas corrente que conteñan unha proporción apreciable de partículas cargadas. </p><p>Ás veces considérase o plasma como un novo estado da materia, (a parte dos estados sólido, líquido e gasoso), concretamente o <i>cuarto estado da materia</i>, dado que as súas propiedades son moi distintas das dos estados habituais. Os plasmas dos corpos estelares conteñen, de xeito predominante, unha mestura de electróns e protóns, e estímase que constitúe o 99,9% do universo visible.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Algunhas_aplicacións_dos_ións"><span id="Algunhas_aplicaci.C3.B3ns_dos_i.C3.B3ns"></span>Algunhas aplicacións dos ións</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Algunhas aplicacións dos ións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Algunhas aplicacións dos ións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os ións son esenciais para a <a href="/wiki/Vida" title="Vida">vida</a>. Os ións <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">potasio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcio" title="Calcio">calcio</a> e outros, xogan un papel esencial na <a href="/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa_celular" title="Bioloxía celular">bioloxía celular</a> dos organismos vivos, en particular nas <a href="/wiki/Membrana_plasm%C3%A1tica" title="Membrana plasmática">membranas celulares</a>. Hai multitude de aplicacións que teñen por base o uso de ións e cada día se descobren máis. Dende detectores de fume a motores iónicos. Os ións inorgánicos disoltos son un compoñente dos sólidos presentes na auga (sólidos totais disoltos) e indican a calidade desta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ións_máis_habituais"><span id="I.C3.B3ns_m.C3.A1is_habituais"></span>Ións máis habituais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Ións máis habituais»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ións máis habituais"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Cationes</b> frecuentes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left">Nome común </th> <th style="text-align: left">Fórmula </th> <th style="text-align: left">Nome tradicional </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: aliceblue"><i>Catións simples</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Aluminio</td> <td>Al<sup>3+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bario</td> <td>Ba<sup>2+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Berilio</td> <td>Be<sup>2+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cesio</td> <td>Cs<sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Calcio</td> <td>Ca<sup>2+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cromo(II)</td> <td>Cr<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Cromoso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cromo(III)</td> <td>Cr<sup>3+</sup></td> <td>Crómico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cromo(VI)</td> <td>Cr<sup>6+</sup></td> <td>Cromato </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cobalto(II)</td> <td>Co<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Cobaltoso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cobalto(III)</td> <td>Co<sup>3+</sup></td> <td>Cobáltico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cobre(I)</td> <td>Cu<sup>+</sup></td> <td>Cuproso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cobre(II)</td> <td>Cu<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Cúprico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Galio</td> <td>Ga<sup>3+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Helio</td> <td>He<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>(partícula α) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidróxeno</td> <td>H<sup>+</sup></td> <td>(Protón) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ferro(II)</td> <td>Fe<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Ferroso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ferro(III)</td> <td>Fe<sup>3+</sup></td> <td>Férrico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chumbo(II)</td> <td>Pb<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Chumboso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chumbo(IV)</td> <td>Pb<sup>4+</sup></td> <td>Chúmbíco </td></tr> <tr> <td>Litio</td> <td>Li<sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mg<sup>2+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manganeso(II)</td> <td>Mn<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Manganoso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manganeso(III)</td> <td>Mn<sup>3+</sup></td> <td>Mangánico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manganeso(IV)</td> <td>Mn<sup>4+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manganeso(VII)</td> <td>Mn<sup>7+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mercurio(II)</td> <td>Hg<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Mercúrico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Niquel(II)</td> <td>Ni<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Niqueloso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Niquel(III)</td> <td>Ni<sup>3+</sup></td> <td>Niquélico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Potasio</td> <td>K<sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prata</td> <td>Ag<sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sodio</td> <td>Na<sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Estroncio</td> <td>Sr<sup>2+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Titanio(II)</td> <td>Sn<sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Titanoso </td></tr> <tr> <td>Titanio(IV)</td> <td>Sn<sup>4+</sup></td> <td>Titánico </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cinc</td> <td>Zn<sup>2+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: aliceblue"><i>Catións poliatómicos</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Amonio</td> <td>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidronio</td> <td>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nitronio</td> <td>NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mercurio(I)</td> <td>Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup></td> <td>Mercurioso </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Anións</b> frecuentes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left">Nome común </th> <th style="text-align: left">Fórmula </th> <th style="text-align: left">Nome tradicional </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: aliceblue"><i>Anións simples</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Arseniuro</td> <td>As<sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Azida</td> <td>N<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bromuro</td> <td>Br<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cloruro</td> <td>Cl<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fluoruro</td> <td>F<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidruro</td> <td>H<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ioduro</td> <td>I<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nitruro</td> <td>N<sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Óxido</td> <td>O<sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fosfuro</td> <td>P<sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sulfuro</td> <td>S<sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peróxido</td> <td>O<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: aliceblue"><i>Oxoanións</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Arseniato</td> <td>AsO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arsenito</td> <td>AsO<sub>3</sub><sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Borato</td> <td>BO<sub>3</sub><sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bromato</td> <td>BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hipobromito</td> <td>BrO<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carbonato</td> <td>CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidroxenocarbonato</td> <td>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td>Bicarbonato </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clorato</td> <td>ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Perclorato</td> <td>ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clorito</td> <td>ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hipoclorito</td> <td>ClO<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cromato</td> <td>CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dicromato</td> <td>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iodato</td> <td>IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrato" title="Nitrato">Nitrato</a></td> <td>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrito" title="Nitrito">Nitrito</a></td> <td>NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fosfato</td> <td>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidroxenofosfato</td> <td>HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dihidroxenofosfato</td> <td>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Permanganato</td> <td>MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fosfito</td> <td>PO<sub>3</sub><sup>3−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sulfato</td> <td>SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiosulfato" title="Tiosulfato">Tiosulfato</a></td> <td>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidroxenosulfato</td> <td>HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td>Bisulfato </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sulfito</td> <td>SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidroxenosulfito</td> <td>HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td>Bisulfito </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: aliceblue"><i>Anións de ácidos orgánicos</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Acetato</td> <td>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Formiato</td> <td>HCO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxalato</td> <td>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidroxenooxalato</td> <td>HC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td>Bioxalato </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color: aliceblue"><i>Outros anións</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hidroxenosulfuro</td> <td>HS<sup>−</sup></td> <td>Bisulfuro </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teleruro</td> <td>Te<sup>2−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amiduro</td> <td>NH<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cianato</td> <td>OCN<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiocianato" title="Tiocianato">Tiocianato</a></td> <td>SCN<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cianuro</td> <td>CN<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidróxido</td> <td>OH<sup>−</sup></td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast07sep99_1.htm">Plasma, Plasma, Everywere</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060316081554/http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast07sep99_1.htm">Arquivado</a> 16 de marzo de 2006 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Science@NASA Headline news, Space Science n° 158, september 7, 1999.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" 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