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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinisierung" title="Latinisierung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Latinisierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinizaci%C3%B3n" title="Latinización – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Latinización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinigo_(literaturo)" title="Latinigo (literaturo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latinigo (literaturo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinisation_des_noms_de_savants" title="Latinisation des noms de savants – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latinisation des noms de savants" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinisearring" title="Latinisearring – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Latinisearring" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4%ED%99%94" title="라틴어화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라틴어화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a Latin style</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a>, the conversion of text written in another script into Latin (or Roman) letters, or <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Latinisation" title="Liturgical Latinisation">Liturgical Latinisation</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Latinisation</b> (or <b>Latinization</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-latinisation-def_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latinisation-def-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>of names</b>, also known as <b>onomastic Latinisation</b>, is the practice of rendering a <i>non</i>-<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> name in a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">modern Latin</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-latinisation-def_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latinisation-def-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly found with historical <a href="/wiki/Proper_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper names">proper names</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a>, and in the standard <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial nomenclature</a> of the life sciences. It goes further than <a href="/wiki/Romanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisation">romanisation</a>, which is the <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of a word to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> from another script (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a>). For authors writing in Latin, this change allows the name to function grammatically in a sentence through <a href="/wiki/Declension" title="Declension">declension</a>. </p><p>In a scientific context, the main purpose of Latinisation may be to produce a name which is internationally consistent. </p><p>Latinisation may be carried out by: </p> <ul><li>transforming the name into Latin sounds (e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Geber_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Geber (disambiguation)">Geber</a></i></span> for <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jabir_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabir (name)">Jabir</a></i></span>), or</li> <li>adding Latinate suffixes to the end of a name (e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Meibomius</i></span> for <i><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Meibom_(doctor)" title="Heinrich Meibom (doctor)">Meibom</a>),</i> or</li> <li>translating a name with a specific meaning into Latin (e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Venator</i></span> for Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Cacciatore</i></span>; both mean 'hunter'), or</li> <li>choosing a new name based on some attribute of the person (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Santbech" title="Daniel Santbech">Daniel Santbech</a> became <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Noviomagus</i></span>, possibly from the Latin (actually Latinised <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a>) name for the town of <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>, and meaning 'new field').</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_names">Personal names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latinised_names" title="List of Latinised names">List of Latinised names</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Verborum_frontispiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/De_Verborum_frontispiece.jpg/220px-De_Verborum_frontispiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/De_Verborum_frontispiece.jpg/330px-De_Verborum_frontispiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/De_Verborum_frontispiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Book_frontispiece" title="Book frontispiece">Frontispiece</a> of a 1743 legal text by <a href="/wiki/Barnab%C3%A9_Brisson" title="Barnabé Brisson">Barnabé Brisson</a> shows his name Latinised in the genitive <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Barnabae Brissonii</i></span> ('of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Barnabas Brissonius</i></span>'). Barnabas is itself a Greek version of an Aramaic name.</figcaption></figure> <p>Humanist names, assumed by <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance humanist">Renaissance humanists</a>, were largely Latinised names, though in some cases (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Melanchthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanchthon">Melanchthon</a>) they invoked <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>. Latinisation in humanist names may consist of translation from vernacular European languages, sometimes involving a playful element of punning. Such names could be a cover for humble social origins.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title of the "<a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Wilhelmus</a>", <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, preserves a Latinised form of the name of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Place_names">Place names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Place names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In English, place names often appear in Latinised form. This is a result of many early text books mentioning the places being written in Latin. Because of this, the English language often uses Latinised forms of foreign place names instead of anglicised forms or the original names. </p><p>Examples of Latinised names for countries or regions are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (Estonian name <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">Eesti</i></span>, Dutch/German/Scandinavian name <span title="Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gem">Estland</i></span>, i.e. 'land of the <a href="/wiki/Aesti" title="Aesti">Aesti</a>')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingria" title="Ingria">Ingria</a> (Finnish <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Inkerinmaa</i></span>, German/Scandinavian <span title="Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gem">Ingermanland</i></span>, i.e. 'land of the <a href="/wiki/Izhorians" title="Izhorians">Ingermans</a>', the local tribe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livonia</a> (German/Scandinavian name <span title="Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gem">Livland</i></span>', i.e. 'land of the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian people">Livs</a>', the local tribe)</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Eboracum" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i></span> was the Latinised name for the modern English city <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>. It is a Latinised form of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Brittonic</a> name <span title="Celtic languages collective text">*<i lang="cel-GB">Eburākon</i></span> which means 'place of (the) yew trees'. The Common Brittonic language was spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">indigenous people of Britain</a> <a href="/wiki/Brythonic_Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonic Languages">and evolved into</a> modern <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language_revival" title="Cornish language revival">Cornish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_names">Scientific names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scientific names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific Latin">Scientific Latin</a></div> <p>Latinisation is a common practice for <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific names</a>. For example, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Livistona" title="Livistona">Livistona</a></i></span>, the name of a genus of palm trees, is a Latinisation of <i><a href="/wiki/Livingstone_(name)" title="Livingstone (name)">Livingstone</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the age of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, translation of names into <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> (in the West) or <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> (in the East) was common. Additionally, Latinised versions of Greek <a href="/wiki/Substantive" class="mw-redirect" title="Substantive">substantives</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper nouns</a>, could easily be <a href="/wiki/Declension" title="Declension">declined</a> by Latin speakers with minimal modification of the original word.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval period">medieval period</a>, after the Empire collapsed in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, the main bastion of scholarship was the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, for which Latin was the primary written language. In the early medieval period, most European scholars were priests and most educated people spoke Latin, and as a result, Latin became firmly established as the scholarly language for the West. </p><p>By the early 19th century, Europe had largely abandoned Latin as a scholarly language (most scientific studies and scholarly publications are printed in English), but a variety of fields still use Latin terminology as the norm. By tradition, it is still common in some fields to name new discoveries in Latin. And because Western science became dominant during the 18th and 19th centuries, the use of Latin names in many scholarly fields has gained worldwide acceptance, at least when European languages are being used for communication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-latinisation-def-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latinisation-def_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latinisation-def_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171027232816/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/latinize">"Latinize – definition of Latinize in English"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/latinize">the original</a> on October 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latinize+%E2%80%93+definition+of+Latinize+in+English&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Flatinize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatinisation+of+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2002" class="citation web cs1">Bernstein, Eckhard (2002-08-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230457/http://www.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de/GermLat/Acta/Bernstein.htm">"Group Identity Formation in the German Renaissance Humanists: The Function of Latin"</a>. Institute for Renaissance Intellectual History and Renaissance Philosophy, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Munich">University of Munich</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de/GermLat/Acta/Bernstein.htm">the original</a> on Jun 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Group+Identity+Formation+in+the+German+Renaissance+Humanists%3A+The+Function+of+Latin&rft.pub=Institute+for+Renaissance+Intellectual+History+and+Renaissance+Philosophy%2C+University+of+Munich&rft.date=2002-08-20&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Eckhard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de%2FGermLat%2FActa%2FBernstein.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatinisation+of+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.national-anthems.org/facts.htm">national-anthems.org – "Facts About National Anthems"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informalmusic.com/latinsoc/greekdec.html">"Declension of Greek Substantives in Latin"</a>. <i>Later Latin Society</i>. Informalmusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Later+Latin+Society&rft.atitle=Declension+of+Greek+Substantives+in+Latin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informalmusic.com%2Flatinsoc%2Fgreekdec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatinisation+of+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolson1974" class="citation journal cs1">Nicolson, Dan H. (1974). "Orthography of Names and Epithets: Latinization of Personal Names". <i>Taxon</i>. <b>23</b> (4). International Association for Plant Taxonomy: 549–561. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1218779">10.2307/1218779</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1218779">1218779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=Orthography+of+Names+and+Epithets%3A+Latinization+of+Personal+Names&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=549-561&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1218779&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1218779%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nicolson&rft.aufirst=Dan+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatinisation+of+names" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&oldid=1242540634">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latinisation_of_names&oldid=1242540634</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_language" title="Category:Latin language">Latin language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Latin" title="Category:Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanization" title="Category:Romanization">Romanization</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_assimilation_and_names" title="Category:Cultural assimilation and names">Cultural assimilation and names</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_October_2017" title="Category:Use British English from October 2017">Use British English from October 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Estonian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Estonian-language text">Articles containing Estonian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Germanic_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Germanic languages">Articles with text in Germanic languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Finnish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Finnish-language text">Articles containing Finnish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Celtic_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Celtic languages">Articles with text in Celtic languages</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 August 2024, at 10:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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