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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>性质</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>制备</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-制备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>配合物</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-配合物-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关配合物子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-氨配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氨配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>氨配合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氨配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-硫醚配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#硫醚配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>硫醚配合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-硫醚配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-叔膦配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#叔膦配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>叔膦配合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-叔膦配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-吡啶配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吡啶配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>吡啶配合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吡啶配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-烯烃配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#烯烃配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>烯烃配合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-烯烃配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-羰基配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#羰基配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>羰基配合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-羰基配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-催化化学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#催化化学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>催化化学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-催化化学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">三氯化铑</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。17种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_(III)" title="کولورید رودیوم (III) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کولورید رودیوم (III)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorid_rhodit%C3%BD" title="Chlorid rhoditý – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chlorid rhoditý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium(III)-chlorid" title="Rhodium(III)-chlorid – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhodium(III)-chlorid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium(III)_chloride" title="Rhodium(III) chloride – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rhodium(III) chloride" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_(III)" title="کلرید رودیم (III) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلرید رودیم (III)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium(III)kloridi" title="Rodium(III)kloridi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rodium(III)kloridi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorure_de_rhodium(III)" title="Chlorure de rhodium(III) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chlorure de rhodium(III)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE(III)_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="रोडियम(III) क्लोराइड – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोडियम(III) क्लोराइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricloruro_di_rodio_anidro" title="Tricloruro di rodio anidro – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tricloruro di rodio anidro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E5%8C%96%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0(III)" title="塩化ロジウム(III) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩化ロジウム(III)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodium(III)chloride" title="Rodium(III)chloride – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rodium(III)chloride" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloreto_de_r%C3%B3dio(III)" title="Cloreto de ródio(III) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cloreto de ródio(III)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F(III)" title="Хлорид родия(III) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлорид родия(III)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodijum(III)_hlorid" title="Rodijum(III) hlorid – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rodijum(III) hlorid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodijum(III)_hlorid" title="Rodijum(III) hlorid – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Rodijum(III) hlorid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodi(III)_chloride" title="Rhodi(III) chloride – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rhodi(III) chloride" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91" title="三氯化铑 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="三氯化铑" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q417410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">三氯化铑 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhodium_trichloride_structure.png" class="mw-file-description" title="三氯化铑"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rhodium_trichloride_structure.png/200px-Rhodium_trichloride_structure.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rhodium_trichloride_structure.png/300px-Rhodium_trichloride_structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rhodium_trichloride_structure.png/400px-Rhodium_trichloride_structure.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="359" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="max-width:305px; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC命名法">IUPAC名</a><br />Rhodium(III) chloride </td></tr> <tr> <td>别名 </td> <td>氯化铑<br />氯化铑(III) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">识别 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=10049-07-7">10049-07-7</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup><br /><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13569-65-8">13569-65-8</a></span>（三水） <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation（页面不存在）">ICSC</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24872">24872</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/8096382">8096382</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SMILES" class="mw-redirect" title="SMILES">SMILES</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span lang="en">[Rh+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-]</span></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChI</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1S/3ClH.Rh/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E7%BC%96%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟编号">EINECS</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esis/index.php?GENRE=ECNO&ENTREE=233-165-4">233-165-4</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="化学物质毒性数据库">RTECS</a> </td> <td>VI9290000 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">性质 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a> </td> <td><span lang="en">RhCl<sub>3</sub></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a> </td> <td>209.26 g·mol⁻¹ </td></tr> <tr> <td>外观 </td> <td>暗红色固体 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a> </td> <td>5.38 g/cm<sup>3</sup>（固） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> </td> <td>450°C（分解<sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>） </td> <td>可溶 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%BA%A6%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="酸度系数">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> </td> <td><span lang="en">溶于水显酸性</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">结构 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%87" class="mw-redirect" title="三氯化钇">YCl<sub>3</sub></a>型结构 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="配合物结构">配位几何</a> </td> <td>八面体 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">热力学 </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%84%93" title="标准摩尔生成焓">Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sub>m</sub><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298K</sub></a> </td> <td>-234 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">危险性 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E3%80%81%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%85%E3%80%81%E6%A0%87%E7%A4%BA%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="危险物质的分类、包装、标示指令">欧盟分类</a> </td> <td>未列明 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%82%B9" title="闪点">闪点</a> </td> <td>不可燃 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">相关物质 </th></tr> <tr> <td>其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="阴离子">阴离子</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91" title="三氟化铑">三氟化铑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91" title="三溴化铑">三溴化铑</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A2%98%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91" title="三碘化铑">三碘化铑</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="阳离子">阳离子</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%B4(II)" class="mw-redirect" title="氯化钴(II)">氯化钴(II)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B1" title="三氯化铱">三氯化铱</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>相关化学品 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8C" title="三氯化钌">三氯化钌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%AF" title="氯化钯">氯化钯</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>三氯化铑</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a><sub>3</sub>），<a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC名称">IUPAC名称</a><b>氯化铑(III)</b>，是最常见和最稳定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">铑</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氯化物">氯化物</a>，室温下为暗红色的固体。它是从其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鉑系元素">铂系元素</a>中分离<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">铑</a>时的产物。 </p><p>无水三氯化铑为<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88" title="聚合">聚合</a>分子，与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D" title="氯化铝">氯化铝</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%BB%E8%B4%A8%E5%90%8C%E6%99%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="类质同晶（页面不存在）">类质同晶</a>，在水中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" title="溶解度">溶解度</a>随制备方法的不同而有差异。三水合三氯化铑（RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O）是三氯化铑的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="水合物">水合物</a>，也是三氯化铑最常用的形式，可溶于水，通常用于制备其他<a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%93%91%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Category:铑化合物">铑化合物</a>。无水和三水合三氯化铑有很多不同的性质。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性质"><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span>性质</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：性质"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RhCl<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>x</sub>是暗红色的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="反磁性">反磁性</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体">晶体</a>，有中等的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E8%A7%A3" title="潮解">潮解</a>性，可溶于水得到红色溶液。该水溶液中存在RhCl<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>、[RhCl<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>+</sup>和[RhCl(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>等微粒，比例随放置时间长短而有变化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制备"><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span>制备</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：制备"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>把<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="摩尔 (化学)">摩尔</a>比为1:2的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E7%BB%B5%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海绵金属（页面不存在）">海绵</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">铑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BE" title="氯化钾">氯化钾</a>一起研细，然后在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a>流中于550°C加热60分钟，用水浸泡红色产物，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4" title="过滤">过滤</a>，滤液中含有K<sub>2</sub>[Rh(H<sub>2</sub>O)Cl<sub>5</sub>]，加入足够量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BE" title="氢氧化钾">氢氧化钾</a>溶液，沉淀出<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91(III)" title="氢氧化铑(III)">氢氧化铑(III)</a>（水合<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%91" title="三氧化二铑">三氧化二铑</a>）。洗涤沉淀后，将沉淀溶于尽量少的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8" title="盐酸">盐酸</a>中，蒸发溶液近干，就可得到酒红色的RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O晶体。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>将该晶体在浓盐酸中<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%BB%93%E6%99%B6" title="重结晶">重结晶</a>，去除含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>杂质，可以得到较纯净的三氯化铑三水合物。 </p><p>在200-300°C时，氯气与铑反应，生成红色的RhCl<sub>3</sub>晶体，该晶体不溶于水。将RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O在干燥<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氯化氢">氯化氢</a>气流中加热到180°C，得到能溶于水的RhCl<sub>3</sub>。在前者反应中，若以熔融的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氯化钠">氯化钠</a>作介质，则反应产物为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%AF%E5%90%88%E9%93%91(III)%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六氯合铑(III)酸钠（页面不存在）">Na<sub>3</sub>RhCl<sub>6</sub></a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="配合物"><span id=".E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>配合物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>三氯化铑三水合物是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="路易斯酸">路易斯酸</a>，可与<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="配体 (化学)">配体</a>生成种类繁多的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="配合物">配合物</a>。与Rh(I)的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E6%AD%A3%E6%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平面正方（页面不存在）">平面正方</a>特性不同，Rh(III)的配合物大多为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%9D%A2%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="八面体">八面体</a>构型，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="动力学">动力学</a>上比较稳定。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氨配合物"><span id=".E6.B0.A8.E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>氨配合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：氨配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>与RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>溶液反应生成氯化五<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="氨配合物">氨配离子</a>[RhCl(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>。该离子被<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">锌</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F" title="还原">还原</a>并用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="硫酸根">硫酸根</a>成盐后，得到无色的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢配合物（页面不存在）">氢配合物</a>[RhH(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>]SO<sub>4</sub>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="硫醚配合物"><span id=".E7.A1.AB.E9.86.9A.E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>硫醚配合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：硫醚配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>溶液中的RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O会与二烷基<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%86%9A" title="硫醚">硫醚</a>反应： </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O + 3 <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%86%9A" title="硫醚">SR<sub>2</sub></a> → RhCl<sub>3</sub>(SR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>反应产物为三氯·三硫醚合铑(III)，已经分离出相应的面式（<i>fac</i>-）与经式（<i>mer</i>-）<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="异构体">异构体</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="叔膦配合物"><span id=".E5.8F.94.E8.86.A6.E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>叔膦配合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：叔膦配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>温和条件下，RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O与叔<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">膦</a>反应，生成RhCl<sub>3</sub>(PR<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>类型的配合物。反应若在煮沸<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>溶液中进行，则铑被还原，生成Rh<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">(I)</a>的配合物，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="威尔金森催化剂">威尔金森催化剂</a>（Wilkinson's catalyst）—RhCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>。反应中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%82" title="还原剂">还原剂</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6" title="三苯基膦">三苯基膦</a>，相应氧化产物为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B" title="乙醛">乙醛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%B0%A7%E8%86%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="三苯基氧膦">三苯基氧膦</a>。 </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O + 3 PPh<sub>3</sub> + <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="威尔金森催化剂">RhCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B" title="乙醛">CH<sub>3</sub>CHO</a> + 2 HCl + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>RhCl<sub>3</sub>·xH<sub>2</sub>O + 4 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6" title="三苯基膦">PPh<sub>3</sub></a> → <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="威尔金森催化剂">RhCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%86%A6" title="三苯基氧化膦">Ph<sub>3</sub>P=O</a> + 2 HCl + (x-1) H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="吡啶配合物"><span id=".E5.90.A1.E5.95.B6.E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>吡啶配合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：吡啶配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>与乙醇和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A1%E5%95%B6" title="吡啶">吡啶</a>一起煮沸时，RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O转化为反式-[RhCl<sub>2</sub>(py)<sub>4</sub>)]Cl。若溶剂为水，则得到与硫醚配合物结构类似的面式-RhCl<sub>3</sub>(py)<sub>3</sub>。反式-[RhCl<sub>2</sub>(py)<sub>4</sub>)]Cl氧化得到蓝色<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="顺磁性">顺磁性</a>的[Cl(py)<sub>4</sub>Rh-O<sub>2</sub>Rh(py)<sub>4</sub>Cl]<sup>5+</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="烯烃配合物"><span id=".E7.83.AF.E7.83.83.E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>烯烃配合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：烯烃配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>三氯化铑三水合物也可与<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="烯烃">烯烃</a>配位，尤其是与<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E5%86%B0%E7%89%87%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="降冰片二烯">降冰片二烯</a>和<a href="/wiki/1,5-%E7%8E%AF%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="1,5-环辛二烯">1,5-环辛二烯</a>一类的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="二烯烃">二烯烃</a>，生成形式为Rh<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(烯烃)<sub>4</sub>的配合物。它与1,5-环辛二烯的配合物尤其稳定，甚至在乙醇中与1,3-环辛二烯反应，也会得到1,5-环辛二烯的配合物。双烯配体可由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B0%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="氰离子">氰离子</a>移除。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="羰基配合物"><span id=".E7.BE.B0.E5.9F.BA.E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>羰基配合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：羰基配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a>溶液与压强为1bar的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>反应，生成二氯·二羰基铑(I)酸根阴离子（[RhCl<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup>）。或用RhCl<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O与通入的一氧化碳反应先生成[RhCl(CO)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>红色固体，然后再将该固体溶于<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%87" title="醇">醇</a>并加入氯离子，也可得到[RhCl<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup>。 </p><p>Rh(CO)(PR<sub>3</sub>)类型的化合物（R为有机<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="基团">基团</a>）有很多是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氢甲酰化反应">氢甲酰化反应</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a>，其制备与性质也已被广泛研究过。RhCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%9B" title="甲醛">甲醛</a>反应会生成反式-RhCl(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>，与<a href="/wiki/Vaska%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaska配合物">Vaska配合物</a>是同类物质，但不及后者活泼。它会与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="硼氢化钠">硼氢化钠</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6" title="三苯基膦">三苯基膦</a>的混合物反应，得到RhH(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="催化化学"><span id=".E5.82.AC.E5.8C.96.E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6"></span>催化化学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：催化化学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>对三水合三氯化铑<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="催化">催化</a>性质的研究大致开始于20世纪60年代。当时发现它对很多涉及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气">氢气</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="烯烃">烯烃</a>的反应都具有催化性能，例如用RhCl<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>作<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="乙烯">乙烯</a>发生<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="二聚">二聚</a>生成顺式和反式<a href="/wiki/2-%E4%B8%81%E7%83%AF" title="2-丁烯">2-丁烯</a>的混合物： </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="乙烯">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub></a> → <a href="/wiki/2-%E4%B8%81%E7%83%AF" title="2-丁烯">CH<sub>3</sub>-CH=CH-CH<sub>3</sub></a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>然而高级烯烃不能发生该反应。几十年后，人们发现含铑催化的反应在有机溶剂中进行时，有机配体会取代原化合物中的水分子配体，经由（Rh<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>）一类的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中间体">中间体</a>。该发现推动了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%87%E7%9B%B8%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="均相催化">均相催化</a>这一领域的发展。这之前大多数金属催化的反应都属于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E7%9B%B8%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异相催化（页面不存在）">异相催化</a>，反应物与催化剂处于两相，含金属的催化剂为固态，反应<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E7%89%A9" title="底物">底物</a>为液态或气态。 </p><p>均相催化中，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6" title="三苯基膦">三苯基膦</a>配合物是一类重要的催化剂，显示出较高的催化活性，并且对有机溶剂的溶解性也很好。这类配合物的例子包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="威尔金森催化剂">RhCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和RhH(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>，可分别催化烯烃的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96" title="氢化">氢化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E6%A7%8B%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="異構化">异构化</a>反应及烯烃的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B0%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="氢甲酰化">氢甲酰化</a>反应。目前高效的铑催化剂已经在很大程度上替代以前广泛使用且廉价的钴催化剂。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GESTIS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=123612&lang=en">Record of <i>Rhodium(III)-chlorid</i></a> in the GESTIS Substance Database from the <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for Occupational Safety and Health（页面不存在）">IFA</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" class="extiw" title="en:Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. <span></span><i>Chemistry of the Elements</i><span></span> 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7506-3365-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-7506-3365-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-7506-3365-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+A.&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+N.+N.&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&rft.pub=Oxford%3AButterworth-Heinemann&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennet, M. A.; & Longstaff, P. A. (1965). Complexes of Rhodium(I) with Triphenylphosphine. <i>Chem. Ind. (London)</i> 846. <cite class="citation book">Collman, J. P.; Hegedus, L.S.; Norton, J. R.; & Finke, R. G. Principles and Applications of Organotransition Metal Chemistry. Mill Valley (CA):University Science Books. 1987. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0935702512" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-935702-51-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&rft.au=Collman%2C+J.+P.%3B+Hegedus%2C+L.S.%3B+Norton%2C+J.+R.%3B+%26+Finke%2C+R.+G.&rft.btitle=Principles+and+Applications+of+Organotransition+Metal+Chemistry&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Mill+Valley+%28CA%29%3AUniversity+Science+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd Ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0750633654" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7506-3365-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+N.+N.%3B+%26+Earnshaw%2C+A.&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=2nd+Ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Canterford, J. H.; & Colton, R. Halides of the Second and Third Row Transition Metals. London: Wiley-Interscience. 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&rft.au=Canterford%2C+J.+H.%3B+%26+Colton%2C+R.&rft.btitle=Halides+of+the+Second+and+Third+Row+Transition+Metals&rft.date=1968&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Wiley-Interscience&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cotton, S. A. Chemistry of the Precious Metals. Chapman&Hall. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0751404136" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7514-0413-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&rft.au=Cotton%2C+S.+A.&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Precious+Metals&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Chapman%26Hall&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%91&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table style="width:100%;margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氯化氢">HCl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="10" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氯化锂">LiCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%8D" title="氯化铍">BeCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%BC" title="三氯化硼">BCl<sub>3</sub></a> <br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%BC" title="四氯化二硼">B<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="四氯化碳">CCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="四氯乙烯">C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%B7" title="六氯乙烷">C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AE" title="三氯化氮">NCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B5" title="氯化铵">NH<sub>4</sub>Cl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8%E7%BE%9F%E8%83%BA" title="盐酸羟胺">NH<sub>4</sub>OCl</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A0%E6%B0%AE%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AF" title="叠氮化氯">ClN<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF" title="一氧化二氯">Cl<sub>2</sub>O</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AF" title="二氧化氯">ClO<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF" title="七氧化二氯">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AF" title="一氟化氯">ClF</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AF" title="三氟化氯">ClF<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AF" title="五氟化氯">ClF<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氯化钠">NaCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="氯化镁">MgCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D" title="一氯化铝">AlCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D" title="氯化铝">AlCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="四氯化硅">SiCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7" title="四氯化二磷">P<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A3%B7" title="三氯化磷">PCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A3%B7" title="五氯化磷">PCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%AB" title="二氯化二硫">S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氯化硫">SCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="四氯化硫">SCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氯化物">Cl<sup>-</sup></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">Cl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BE" title="氯化钾">KCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99" title="一氯化钙">CaCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%88%A3" title="氯化鈣">CaCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%AA" title="氯化钪">ScCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%9B" title="二氯化钛">TiCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%9B" title="三氯化钛">TiCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%9B" title="四氯化钛">TiCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%92" title="二氯化钒">VCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%92" title="三氯化钒">VCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%92" title="四氯化钒">VCl<sub>4</sub></a> <br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%92" title="五氯化钒">VCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%AC" title="氯化亚铬">CrCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AC" title="氯化铬">CrCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AC" title="四氯化铬">CrCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="氯化锰">MnCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="三氯化锰">MnCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81" title="氯化亚铁">FeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%81" title="氯化铁">FeCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%88%B7" title="氯化鈷">CoCl<sub>2</sub></a> <br /> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三氯化钴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cobalt(III) chloride"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三氯化钴（页面不存在）">CoCl<sub>3</sub></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt(III)_chloride" class="extiw" title="en:Cobalt(III) chloride"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cobalt(III) chloride</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%8D" title="氯化镍">NiCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%9C" title="氯化亚铜">CuCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9C" title="氯化铜">CuCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%8C" title="氯化锌">ZnCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%93" title="二氯化镓">GaCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%93" title="氯化镓">GaCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%97" title="二氯化锗">GeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8D%BA" title="四氯化鍺">GeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%B7" title="三氯化砷">AsCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%B7" title="五氯化砷">AsCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%92" title="二氯化二硒">Se<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%92" title="四氯化硒">SeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%BA%B4" title="一氯化溴">BrCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一氯化氪（页面不存在）">KrCl</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B7" title="氯化铷">RbCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B6" title="氯化锶">SrCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%87" title="氯化钇">YCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%86" title="三氯化锆">ZrCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%86" title="四氯化锆">ZrCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三氯化铌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="niobium trichloride"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三氯化铌（页面不存在）">NbCl<sub>3</sub></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/niobium_trichloride" class="extiw" title="en:niobium trichloride"><span lang="en" dir="auto">niobium trichloride</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%8C" title="四氯化铌">NbCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%8C" title="五氯化铌">NbCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BC" title="二氯化钼">MoCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BC" title="三氯化钼">MoCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BC" title="四氯化钼">MoCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BC" title="五氯化钼">Mo<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>10</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BC" title="六氯化钼">MoCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%9D" title="三氯化锝">TcCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8E%9D" title="四氯化鎝">TcCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8C" title="三氯化钌">RuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RhCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%AF" title="氯化钯">PdCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B6" title="氯化银">AgCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8E%98" title="氯化鎘">CdCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9F" title="一氯化铟">InCl</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二氯化铟（页面不存在）">InCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9F" title="氯化铟">InCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9E%E9%8C%AB" title="氯化亞錫">SnCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8C%AB" title="氯化錫">SnCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8A%BB" title="三氯化銻">SbCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%91" title="五氯化锑">SbCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%89%E7%A2%B2" title="二氯化三碲">Te<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B2" title="二氯化碲">TeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B2" title="四氯化碲">TeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%98" title="一氯化碘">ICl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%98" title="三氯化碘">ICl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="一氯化氙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Xenon monochloride"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一氯化氙（页面不存在）">XeCl</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon_monochloride" class="extiw" title="en:Xenon monochloride"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Xenon monochloride</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%99" title="二氯化氙">XeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%99" title="四氯化氙">XeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AF" title="氯化铯">CsCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%87" title="氯化鋇">BaCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="镧系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">镧系</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AA" title="四氯化铪">HfCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四氯化钽（页面不存在）">TaCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BD" title="五氯化钽">TaCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A8" title="二氯化钨">W<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A8" title="三氯化钨">W<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>18</sub></a> <br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A8" title="四氯化钨">WCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A8" title="五氯化钨">WCl<sub>5</sub></a> <br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A8" title="六氯化钨">WCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%BC" title="三氯化铼">ReCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%BC" title="四氯化铼">ReCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%BC" title="五氯化铼">ReCl<sub>5</sub></a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%BC" title="六氯化铼">ReCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%87" title="二氯化锇">OsCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%87" title="三氯化锇">OsCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%87" title="四氯化锇">OsCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%87" title="五氯化锇">OsCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二氯化铱（页面不存在）">IrCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B1" title="三氯化铱">IrCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B1" title="四氯化铱">IrCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%82" title="二氯化铂">PtCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%82" title="三氯化铂">PtCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%82" title="四氯化铂">PtCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%91" title="氯化亚金">AuCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%87%91" title="氯化金">AuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E6%B1%9E" title="氯化亚汞">Hg<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B1%9E" title="氯化汞">HgCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%8A" title="氯化亚铊">TlCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%8A" title="三氯化铊">TlCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%89%9B" title="氯化鉛">PbCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%85" title="四氯化铅">PbCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%8B" title="氯化铋">BiCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="二氯化钋">PoCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="四氯化钋">PoCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="一氯化砹">AtCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二氯化氡（页面不存在）">RnCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%AB" title="氯化钫">FrCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%AD" title="氯化镭">RaCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="锕系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">锕系</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%AC%AC%BB#实验化学" class="mw-redirect" title="𬬻">RfCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="1"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">↓ </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="镧系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">镧系</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%A7" title="氯化镧">LaCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%88" title="三氯化铈">CeCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%A8" title="氯化镨">PrCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%95" title="二氯化钕">NdCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%95" title="三氯化钕">NdCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%B7" title="氯化钷">PmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%92%90" title="氯化亚钐">SmCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%90" title="氯化钐">SmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%95" title="氯化亚铕">EuCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%95" title="三氯化铕">EuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%86" title="氯化钆">GdCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%BD" title="氯化铽">TbCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%9D" title="二氯化镝">DyCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%9D" title="氯化镝">DyCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%AC" title="氯化钬">HoCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%92" title="氯化铒">ErCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%A5" title="氯化亚铥">TmCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%A5" title="氯化铥">TmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%B1" title="二氯化镱">YbCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%B1" title="三氯化镱">YbCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%A5" title="氯化镥">LuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="锕系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">锕系</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%95" title="氯化锕">AcCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8D" title="四氯化钍">ThCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8F%B7" title="四氯化鏷">PaCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8F%B7" title="五氯化鏷">PaCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%80" title="三氯化铀">UCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%80" title="四氯化铀">UCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%80" title="五氯化铀">UCl<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%80" title="六氯化铀">UCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%8E" title="三氯化镎">NpCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%8E" title="四氯化镎">NpCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%9A" title="三氯化钚">PuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二氯化镅（页面不存在）">AmCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%95%85" title="三氯化镅">AmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%94" title="氯化锔">CmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%AB" title="氯化锫">BkCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%8E" title="氯化锎">CfCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%BF" title="三氯化锿">EsCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三氯化铹（页面不存在）">LrCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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