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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Scientific heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Industrial heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport_and_communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_and_communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Transport and communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_and_communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Other industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_boundaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_boundaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Historical boundaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_boundaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Alternative definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cities_and_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cities and towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Westminster_seats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westminster_seats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Westminster seats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westminster_seats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurostat_NUTS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurostat_NUTS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Eurostat NUTS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurostat_NUTS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_activity_by_county" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_activity_by_county"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economic activity by county</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economic_activity_by_county-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economic activity by county subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economic_activity_by_county-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Berkshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berkshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Berkshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berkshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buckinghamshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buckinghamshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Buckinghamshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buckinghamshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hampshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hampshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Hampshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hampshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Kent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxfordshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxfordshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Oxfordshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxfordshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Surrey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sussex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sussex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Sussex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sussex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature,_TV_Puppetry_&_Animation,_Cinema,_Music_and_Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature,_TV_Puppetry_&_Animation,_Cinema,_Music_and_Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Literature, TV Puppetry & Animation, Cinema, Music and Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature,_TV_Puppetry_&_Animation,_Cinema,_Music_and_Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.3</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">South East England</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="جنوب شرق إنجلترا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنوب شرق إنجلترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-este_d%27Anglaterra" title="Sud-este d'Anglaterra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sud-este d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sureste_d%27Inglaterra" title="Sureste d'Inglaterra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sureste d'Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="দক্ষিণ পূর্ব ইংল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দক্ষিণ পূর্ব ইংল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang-l%C3%A2m_Eng-l%C3%A2n" title="Tang-lâm Eng-lân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tang-lâm Eng-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Югоизточна Англия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Югоизточна Англия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gevred_Bro-Saoz" title="Gevred Bro-Saoz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gevred Bro-Saoz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-est_d%27Anglaterra" title="Sud-est d'Anglaterra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sud-est d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihov%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Anglie" title="Jihovýchodní Anglie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jihovýchodní Anglie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-ddwyrain_Lloegr" title="De-ddwyrain Lloegr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="De-ddwyrain Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Νοτιοανατολική Αγγλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νοτιοανατολική Αγγλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_del_Sudeste_de_Inglaterra" title="Región del Sudeste de Inglaterra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región del Sudeste de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-orienta_Anglio" title="Sud-orienta Anglio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sud-orienta Anglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hego-ekialdeko_Ingalaterra" title="Hego-ekialdeko Ingalaterra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hego-ekialdeko Ingalaterra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جنوب شرقی انگلستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنوب شرقی انگلستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angleterre_du_Sud-Est" title="Angleterre du Sud-Est – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angleterre du Sud-Est" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAdeast-Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Súdeast-Ingelân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Súdeast-Ingelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oirdheisceart_Shasana" title="Oirdheisceart Shasana – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oirdheisceart Shasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sueste_de_Inglaterra" title="Sueste de Inglaterra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sueste de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BBng-n%C3%A0m_England" title="Tûng-nàm England – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tûng-nàm England" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="사우스이스트잉글랜드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사우스이스트잉글랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Հարավարևելյան Անգլիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարավարևելյան Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoisto%C4%8Dna_Engleska" title="Jugoistočna Engleska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jugoistočna Engleska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris_Tenggara" title="Inggris Tenggara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inggris Tenggara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0austur-England" title="Suðaustur-England – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Suðaustur-England" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud_Est_(Inghilterra)" title="Sud Est (Inghilterra) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sud Est (Inghilterra)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="דרום-מזרח אנגליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרום-מזרח אנגליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uingereza_Kusini-Mashariki" title="Uingereza Kusini-Mashariki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uingereza Kusini-Mashariki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienvidaustrumanglija" title="Dienvidaustrumanglija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dienvidaustrumanglija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietry%C4%8Di%C5%B3_Anglija" title="Pietryčių Anglija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pietryčių Anglija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आग्नेय इंग्लंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आग्नेय इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudeste_de_la_Anglaterra" title="Sudeste de la Anglaterra – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sudeste de la Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="サウス・イースト・イングランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サウス・イースト・イングランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCd_Uast_Ingelun" title="Süüd Uast Ingelun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Süüd Uast Ingelun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8r%C3%B8st-England" title="Sørøst-England – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sørøst-England" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8raust-England" title="Søraust-England – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Søraust-England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudeste_da_Inglaterra" title="Sudeste da Inglaterra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sudeste da Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urin_anti_Inlatirra_suyu" title="Urin anti Inlatirra suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urin anti Inlatirra suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Юго-Восточная Англия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Юго-Восточная Англия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Југоисточна Енглеска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Југоисточна Енглеска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoisto%C4%8Dna_Engleska" title="Jugoistočna Engleska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jugoistočna Engleska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaakkois-Englanti" title="Kaakkois-Englanti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaakkois-Englanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syd%C3%B6stra_England" title="Sydöstra England – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sydöstra England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="เซาท์อีสต์อิงแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซาท์อีสต์อิงแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷанубу Шарқи Ингилистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷанубу Шарқи Ингилистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Do%C4%9Fu_%C4%B0ngiltere" title="Güney Doğu İngiltere – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güney Doğu İngiltere" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Південно-Східна Англія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південно-Східна Англія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جنوب مشرقی انگلستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنوب مشرقی انگلستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="South East England" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="东南英格兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="东南英格兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="東南英格蘭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="東南英格蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="東南英格蘭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="東南英格蘭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=South_East_England&params=51.3_N_0.8_W_region:GB-ENG_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°48′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.3°N 0.8°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.3; -0.8</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the region. For the former European constituency, see <a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England (European Parliament constituency)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">South East</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Palace_Pier_April_2018_02.jpg/134px-Palace_Pier_April_2018_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Palace_Pier_April_2018_02.jpg/201px-Palace_Pier_April_2018_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Palace_Pier_April_2018_02.jpg/268px-Palace_Pier_April_2018_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5329" data-file-height="2998" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div style="height:75px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catte_Street,_Oxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1951930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Catte_Street%2C_Oxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1951930.jpg/100px-Catte_Street%2C_Oxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1951930.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Catte_Street%2C_Oxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1951930.jpg/150px-Catte_Street%2C_Oxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1951930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Catte_Street%2C_Oxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1951930.jpg/200px-Catte_Street%2C_Oxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1951930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocean_village_marina_southampton.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ocean_village_marina_southampton.JPG/124px-Ocean_village_marina_southampton.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ocean_village_marina_southampton.JPG/186px-Ocean_village_marina_southampton.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ocean_village_marina_southampton.JPG/248px-Ocean_village_marina_southampton.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury,_St_Peter%27s_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3229514.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Canterbury%2C_St_Peter%27s_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3229514.jpg/110px-Canterbury%2C_St_Peter%27s_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3229514.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Windsor_Castle%2C_Visitors%27_Apartments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4464014.jpg/173px-Windsor_Castle%2C_Visitors%27_Apartments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4464014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Windsor_Castle%2C_Visitors%27_Apartments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4464014.jpg/230px-Windsor_Castle%2C_Visitors%27_Apartments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4464014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Blenheim_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/View_of_Blenheim_Palace.jpg/119px-View_of_Blenheim_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/View_of_Blenheim_Palace.jpg/179px-View_of_Blenheim_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/View_of_Blenheim_Palace.jpg/238px-View_of_Blenheim_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6177" data-file-height="4461" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_(48904125611).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_%2848904125611%29.jpg/238px-The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_%2848904125611%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_%2848904125611%29.jpg/357px-The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_%2848904125611%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_%2848904125611%29.jpg/476px-The_White_Cliffs_of_Dover_%2848904125611%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5688" data-file-height="2467" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>; <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>; <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>; <a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a>; <a href="/wiki/White_Cliffs_of_Dover" title="White Cliffs of Dover">White Cliffs of Dover</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_East_England_in_England.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="South East region shown within England"><img alt="South East region shown within England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/South_East_England_in_England.svg/250px-South_East_England_in_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/South_East_England_in_England.svg/375px-South_East_England_in_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/South_East_England_in_England.svg/500px-South_East_England_in_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="991" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">South East region shown within <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=South_East_England&params=51.3_N_0.8_W_region:GB-ENG_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°48′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.3°N 0.8°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.3; -0.8</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Government_Offices_for_the_English_regions" title="Government Offices for the English regions">GO</a> established</th><td class="infobox-data">1994</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_development_agency" title="Regional development agency">RDA</a> established</th><td class="infobox-data">1998</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GO abolished</th><td class="infobox-data">2011</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">RDA abolished</th><td class="infobox-data">31 March 2012</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>9 <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">counties</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>64 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">districts</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 13 <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 51 <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan</a> in 6 <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">non-metropolitan counties</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Leaders'_board_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leaders'_board-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_authority_leaders%27_board" title="Local authority leaders' board">Local authority leaders' board</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_Councils" title="South East England Councils">South East Councils</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_constituencies_in_South_East_England" title="Parliamentary constituencies in South East England">84 MPs</a> (of 650)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-ONS_Standard_Area_Measurement_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_Standard_Area_Measurement-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,500 sq mi (19,400 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">7,364 sq mi (19,072 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England#List_of_regions" title="Regions of England">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popstats_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,379,833</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England#List_of_regions" title="Regions of England">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,270/sq mi (492/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 86.3% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 7.0% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2.8% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2.4% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 46.5% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England#Christianity" title="Religion in England">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 40.2% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.3% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">Islam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1.7% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_England" title="Hinduism in England">Hinduism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_England" title="Sikhism in England">Sikhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_England" title="Buddhism in England">Buddhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.2% <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="History of the Jews in England">Judaism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 6.1% not stated </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Territorial_Level" title="International Territorial Level">ITL code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">TLJ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GSS_coding_system" title="GSS coding system">GSS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">E12000008</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">a series</a> within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/130px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/195px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/260px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir Apparent</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Legislative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_McFall,_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">The Lord McFall of Alcluith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">Reform of the House of Lords</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2024–present)">MPs for England Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Affairs_Committee" title="Regional Affairs Committee">Regional Affairs Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_England" title="Elections in England">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">UK General Elections in England</div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom">1801 co-option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1979 United Kingdom general election in England">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1983 United Kingdom general election in England">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1987 United Kingdom general election in England">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1992 United Kingdom general election in England">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="1997 United Kingdom general election in England">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2001 United Kingdom general election in England">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2005 United Kingdom general election in England">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2010 United Kingdom general election in England">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2015 United Kingdom general election in England">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2017 United Kingdom general election in England">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2019 United Kingdom general election in England">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_England" title="2024 United Kingdom general election in England">2024</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_England_and_Wales" title="Judiciary of England and Wales">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King-on-the-Bench" class="mw-redirect" title="King-on-the-Bench">King-on-the-Bench</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">The Lord Reed of Allermuir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="London Borough">London Borough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authorities_and_combined_county_authorities" title="Combined authorities and combined county authorities">Combined authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_Council_for_England" title="Mayoral Council for England">Mayoral Council for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">Category</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_England" title="Template talk:Politics of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>South East England</b> is one of the nine official <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> that are in the <a href="/wiki/ITL_1_statistical_regions_of_England" title="ITL 1 statistical regions of England">top level category</a> for <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistical</a> purposes. It consists of the nine <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_england" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of england">counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>. South East England is the third-largest region of England, with a land area of 19,072 square kilometres (7,364 sq mi), and is also the most populous with a total population of 9,379,833 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-popstats_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popstats-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>South East England contains nine legally <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">chartered cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>. Officially it does not include <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, which is a separate region. The geographical term for "South East England" may differ from the official definition of the region, for example London, <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> are sometimes referred to as being in the south east of England.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This article only considers the South East as being the official statistical region. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Middle Ages">medieval times</a>, South East England included much of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Wessex">Kingdom of Wessex</a>, which was the precursor to the modern state of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> was the capital of England after unification of the various states, including the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sussex" title="Kingdom of Sussex">Sussex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mercia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mercia">Mercia</a>. Winchester stopped being the administrative capital of England some time in the 13th century as its influence waned while the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> dominated commerce. The last <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">monarch</a> to be crowned at Winchester was <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a> in 1377, although the last monarch to be crowned by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> was <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Queen Mary I</a> in 1553. </p><p>Today, the region's close proximity to London has led to South East England becoming a prosperous economic hub with the largest economy of any region in the UK, after London. The region is home to <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">Gatwick Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> (the UK's two busiest airports). The coastline along the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> provides numerous ferry crossings to mainland <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. South East England is also known for its countryside, which includes two national parks: the <a href="/wiki/New_Forest_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="New Forest National Park">New Forest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs_National_Park" title="South Downs National Park">South Downs</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/North_Downs" title="North Downs">North Downs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Hills" title="Chiltern Hills">Chiltern Hills</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Cotswolds" title="Cotswolds">Cotswolds</a>. The <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> flows through the region and its basin is known as the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley" title="Thames Valley">Thames Valley</a>. </p><p>It is also the location of a number of internationally known places of interest, such as <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victory" title="HMS Victory">HMS <i>Victory</i></a> in Portsmouth, <a href="/wiki/Cliveden" title="Cliveden">Cliveden</a> in Buckinghamshire, <a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Park" title="Thorpe Park">Thorpe Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/RHS_Garden,_Wisley" class="mw-redirect" title="RHS Garden, Wisley">RHS Wisley</a> in Surrey, <a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a> in Oxfordshire, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> in Berkshire, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Castle" title="Leeds Castle">Leeds Castle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/White_Cliffs_of_Dover" title="White Cliffs of Dover">White Cliffs of Dover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a> in Kent, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Palace_Pier" title="Brighton Palace Pier">Brighton Palace Pier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hammerwood_Park" title="Hammerwood Park">Hammerwood Park</a> in East Sussex, and <a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst Place</a> in West Sussex. The region has many universities; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> is the oldest in the English-speaking world, and ranked among the best in the world. </p><p>South East England is host to various sporting events, including the annual <a href="/wiki/Henley_Royal_Regatta" title="Henley Royal Regatta">Henley Royal Regatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ascot" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ascot">Royal Ascot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">The Derby</a>, and sporting venues include <a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Golf_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Wentworth Golf Club">Wentworth Golf Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brands_Hatch" title="Brands Hatch">Brands Hatch</a>. Some of the events of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> were held in the south east, including the rowing at <a href="/wiki/Dorney_Lake" title="Dorney Lake">Eton Dorney</a> and part of the cycling road race in the <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Hills_AONB" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrey Hills AONB">Surrey Hills</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uffington-White-Horse-sat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Uffington-White-Horse-sat.jpg/220px-Uffington-White-Horse-sat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Uffington-White-Horse-sat.jpg/330px-Uffington-White-Horse-sat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Uffington-White-Horse-sat.jpg/440px-Uffington-White-Horse-sat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse" title="Uffington White Horse">Uffington White Horse</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">prehistoric</a> <a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">hill figure</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Downs" title="Berkshire Downs">Berkshire Downs</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Meonhill Vineyard, near <a href="/wiki/Old_Winchester_Hill" title="Old Winchester Hill">Old Winchester Hill</a> in east Hampshire on the South Downs south of <a href="/wiki/West_Meon" title="West Meon">West Meon</a> on the <a href="/wiki/A32_road_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="A32 road (England)">A32</a>, is an example of a site where the <a href="/wiki/Romano-British" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-British">Romano-British</a> grew <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Roman grapes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> was fought in this region, especially in Kent. <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">RAF Bomber Command</a> was based at <a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe" title="High Wycombe">High Wycombe</a>. <a href="/wiki/RAF_Medmenham" title="RAF Medmenham">RAF Medmenham</a> at <a href="/wiki/Danesfield_House" title="Danesfield House">Danesfield House</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Buckinghamshire" title="Marlow, Buckinghamshire">Marlow</a> in Buckinghamshire, was important for <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance_in_World_War_II" title="Aerial reconnaissance in World War II">aerial reconnaissance</a>. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Corona" title="Operation Corona">Operation Corona</a>, based at RAF Kingsdown (at <a href="/wiki/West_Kingsdown" title="West Kingsdown">West Kingsdown</a> next to Brands Hatch in Kent, between the A20 and M20), was implemented to confuse German <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighters</a> with native German-speakers, and coordinated by the RAF <a href="/wiki/Y_service" title="Y service">Y service</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bletchley_Park" title="Bletchley Park">Bletchley Park</a> in north Buckinghamshire was the principal Allied centre for codebreaking. The <a href="/wiki/Colossus_computer" title="Colossus computer">Colossus computer</a>, arguably the world's first, began working on Lorentz codes on 5 February 1944, with Colossus 2 working from June 1944. The site was chosen, among other reasons, because it is at the junction of the <a href="/wiki/Varsity_Line" title="Varsity Line">Varsity Line</a> (between Oxford and Cambridge) and the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Harwell_computer" title="Harwell computer">Harwell computer</a> (Dekatron), now at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Computing">National Museum of Computing</a> at Bletchley, was built in 1949 and is believed to be the oldest working digital computer in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_heritage">Scientific heritage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scientific heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Wallis" title="John Wallis">John Wallis</a> of Kent introduced the <a href="/wiki/Infinity_symbol" title="Infinity symbol">symbol for infinity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_notation" title="Mathematical notation">standard notation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Exponentiation" title="Exponentiation">powers of numbers</a> in 1656. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bayes" title="Thomas Bayes">Thomas Bayes</a> was an important statistician from Tunbridge Wells; his <a href="/wiki/Bayes%27_theorem" title="Bayes' theorem">theorem</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Probability_theory" title="Probability theory">probability theory</a>) is used for <a href="/wiki/Email_filtering" title="Email filtering">spam filters</a> and <a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">Google's search</a>. </p><p>Sir <a href="/wiki/David_N._Payne" title="David N. Payne">David N. Payne</a> at the University of Southampton's Optoelectronics Research Centre invented the <a href="/wiki/Erbium-doped_fibre_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium-doped fibre amplifier">erbium-doped fibre amplifier</a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Optical_amplifier" title="Optical amplifier">optical amplifier</a>, in the mid-1980s, which became essential for the internet. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a> at Oxford in 1913 discovered his <a href="/wiki/Moseley%27s_law" title="Moseley's law">Moseley's law</a> of <a href="/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy" title="X-ray spectroscopy">X-ray spectra of chemical elements</a> that enabled him to be the first to assign the correct atomic number to elements in <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a>; he did not receive any <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> as it is not awarded posthumously (he was killed in 1915 at Gallipoli with the Royal Engineers). <a href="/wiki/Carbon_(fiber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon (fiber)">Carbon fibre</a> was invented in 1963 at the RAE in Farnborough by a team led by William Watt. The Apollo <a href="/wiki/Liquid_Cooling_and_Ventilation_Garment" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment">LCG</a> <a href="/wiki/Apollo/Skylab_A7L" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo/Skylab A7L">space-suit</a> cooling system originated mostly from work done at RAE Farnborough in the early 1960s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus_4677010_f0364f4f.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus_4677010_f0364f4f.jpg/220px-Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus_4677010_f0364f4f.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus_4677010_f0364f4f.jpg/330px-Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus_4677010_f0364f4f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus_4677010_f0364f4f.jpg/440px-Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus_4677010_f0364f4f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus" title="Harwell Science and Innovation Campus">Harwell Science and Innovation Campus</a> seen from the air in September 2015; the <a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a> academic <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a> is headquartered there.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Watts Davies</a> invented <a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet switching</a> in the late 1960s at the <a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)">National Physical Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teddington" title="Teddington">Teddington</a>. Packet-switching was taken up by the Americans to form the <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, the precursor to the Internet. </p><p>Surrey's <a href="/wiki/Alec_Reeves" title="Alec Reeves">Alec Reeves</a> invented <a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">pulse-code modulation</a> (PCM) in 1937 (at <a href="/wiki/ITT_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="ITT Corporation">ITT</a>'s research laboratories in Paris), the standard for <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> recordings. </p><p>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a>, son of the astronomer, from Kent, invented the term <i>photography</i> in 1839, meaning <i>light writing</i>. and discovered the first <a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">photographic fixer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate" title="Sodium thiosulfate">sodium thiosulphate</a>, known as <i>hypo</i>, also in 1839. </p><p><a href="/wiki/GLEEP" title="GLEEP">GLEEP</a> was Britain's first nuclear reactor, in August 1947 at the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Research_Establishment" title="Atomic Energy Research Establishment">Atomic Energy Research Establishment</a> (AERE) at Harwell, it would stay operational until 1990. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a> of Folkestone, in Kent, discovered the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulation of blood</a>. The Lilly Research Centre in Windlesham, Berkshire, part of <a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company" title="Eli Lilly and Company">Eli Lilly</a>, developed <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">Olanzapine</a> in 1996 (for <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_disorder" title="Bipolar disorder">bipolar disorder</a>, selling around $5bn worldwide annually). Beecham Research Laboratories at <a href="/wiki/Brockham" title="Brockham">Brockham</a> Park in 1959 discovered <a href="/wiki/Meticillin" class="mw-redirect" title="Meticillin">meticillin</a> (or methicillin), the first semi-synthetic penicillin (<a href="/wiki/Beta-lactamase" title="Beta-lactamase">beta-lactamase</a> stable), deriving from their discovery in 1958 of <a href="/wiki/6-APA" title="6-APA">6-APA</a>, the core constituent; the team, led by Prof George Rolinson, won the <a href="/wiki/Mullard_Award" title="Mullard Award">Mullard Award</a> in 1971. <a href="/wiki/Bipyridine" title="Bipyridine">Bipyridine</a> compounds (Paraquat-Gramoxone and Diquat) were discovered for herbicide use in 1954 by <a href="/wiki/William_Boon" title="William Boon">William Boon</a> at ICI's Plant Protection division at Jealott's Hill, being released onto the market in 1958. AZT/Retrovir (<a href="/wiki/Zidovudine" title="Zidovudine">zidovudine</a>) was first manufactured by Wellcome in 1987 in Kent; they also introduced Zovirax (<a href="/wiki/Aciclovir" title="Aciclovir">aciclovir</a>), and the naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Digoxin" title="Digoxin">digoxin</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_glycoside" title="Cardiac glycoside">cardiac glycoside</a>. After a plane crashed near his house in Oxford in 1940, Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> helped the injured pilot, and in the process discovered <a href="/wiki/Allotransplantation" title="Allotransplantation">homograft rejection</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">organ transplantation</a> using <a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">azathioprine</a>. Viagra (<a href="/wiki/Sildenafil" title="Sildenafil">Sildenafil</a>) was synthesized at Pfizer in Sandwich, Kent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_heritage">Industrial heritage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Industrial heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transport_and_communications">Transport and communications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transport and communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dover_cliffs,_South_Foreland_Lighthouse_(7961633780).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dover_cliffs%2C_South_Foreland_Lighthouse_%287961633780%29.jpg/170px-Dover_cliffs%2C_South_Foreland_Lighthouse_%287961633780%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dover_cliffs%2C_South_Foreland_Lighthouse_%287961633780%29.jpg/255px-Dover_cliffs%2C_South_Foreland_Lighthouse_%287961633780%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Dover_cliffs%2C_South_Foreland_Lighthouse_%287961633780%29.jpg/340px-Dover_cliffs%2C_South_Foreland_Lighthouse_%287961633780%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>South Foreland Lighthouse on Dover cliffs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Pettit_Smith" title="Francis Pettit Smith">Francis Pettit Smith</a> of Kent invented the screw <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">propeller</a>. </p><p>On 3 May 1830 the world's first passenger train service, the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_and_Whitstable_Railway" title="Canterbury and Whitstable Railway">Canterbury and Whitstable Railway</a> (6 miles or 10 km) began. It was built by <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a> and hauled by the locomotive <i><a href="/wiki/Invicta_(locomotive)" title="Invicta (locomotive)">Invicta</a></i>. It introduced the world's first railway <a href="/wiki/Season_ticket" title="Season ticket">season ticket</a> in 1834. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maidenhead_Railway_Bridge" title="Maidenhead Railway Bridge">Maidenhead Railway Bridge</a>, known for its flat arch, was built in 1839 with 39-metre spans. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_Vehicles_and_Engineering_Establishment" title="Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment">Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment</a>, in Chertsey, developed <a href="/wiki/Chobham_armour" title="Chobham armour">Chobham armour</a>. </p><p>On 12 April 1903, the world's first bus service was by <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne_Buses" title="Eastbourne Buses">Eastbourne Buses</a> from <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne_railway_station" title="Eastbourne railway station">Eastbourne railway station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Meads" title="Meads">Meads</a>. </p><p>The world's first <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">submarine telephone cable</a> was laid between England and France in 1891 by HMTS Monarch, enabling London-Paris calls from April 1891. On 3 December 1992, Neil Papworth of Reading, an engineer from <a href="/wiki/Sema_Group" title="Sema Group">Sema Group Telecoms</a> at Vodafone in Newbury, sent the world's first text message from his computer to an Orbitel 901 handset of Richard Jarvis, Vodafone's technical director. </p><p>The first public automatic <a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">telephone exchange</a> in the UK was at Epsom telephone exchange from 18 May 1912. It was introduced as standard across the UK's 6,700 telephone exchanges in 1922, lasting for around 70 years; it could handle up to 500 lines. It used the <a href="/wiki/Strowger_switch" title="Strowger switch">Strowger design</a> and was made by <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Electric" title="Automatic Electric">Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Company</a> of Liverpool.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world's first automatic telephone exchange had opened in <a href="/wiki/La_Porte,_Indiana" title="La Porte, Indiana">La Porte, Indiana</a> in November 1892. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britned_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Britned_map.svg/150px-Britned_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Britned_map.svg/225px-Britned_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Britned_map.svg/300px-Britned_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>BritNed connects from the Isle of Grain in Medway to the <a href="/wiki/TenneT" title="TenneT">TenneT</a> network in the Netherlands.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/UK-Belgium_5" title="UK-Belgium 5">UK-Belgium 5</a>, laid in 1986 from Kent, was the world's first <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fiber cable">optical fibre</a> submarine cable, and is 36 miles long. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ThrustSSC" title="ThrustSSC">ThrustSSC</a>, the fastest car in the world in 1997, was built in <a href="/wiki/Aldingbourne" title="Aldingbourne">Aldingbourne</a>, West Sussex, by G-Force Engineering, designed by <a href="/wiki/Ron_Ayers" title="Ron Ayers">Ron Ayers</a>, with further work done by the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Evaluation_and_Research_Agency" title="Defence Evaluation and Research Agency">Defence Evaluation and Research Agency</a> at Farnborough. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BritNed" title="BritNed">BritNed</a> 1000MW power-supply submarine cable from Isle of Grain to Rotterdam, was built in 2009. The <a href="/wiki/HVDC_Cross-Channel" title="HVDC Cross-Channel">HVDC Cross-Channel</a> (2000MW) submarine cable was built in 1986. This is the world's highest-capacity submarine HVDC cable; it goes from France and lands near Folkestone, with the large transformer station (built by GEC) squeezed between the CTRL and the M20 in <a href="/wiki/Aldington,_Kent" title="Aldington, Kent">Aldington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smeeth" title="Smeeth">Smeeth</a>, made of eight 270 kV cables. </p> <dl><dt>Aviation</dt></dl> <p>On 16 October 1908 the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_Aeroplane_No_1" title="British Army Aeroplane No 1">British Army Aeroplane No 1</a>, flown by the American <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Franklin_Cody" title="Samuel Franklin Cody">Samuel Franklin Cody</a>, was the first aircraft flown in the UK, at Farnborough; on 14 May 1909 he flew it for more than a mile. On 13 August 1909, his wife was the first woman in the UK to fly in a plane, also at Farnborough. </p><p>The first human airborne ejection seat firing took place on 24 July 1946 over <a href="/wiki/Chalgrove_Airfield" title="Chalgrove Airfield">Chalgrove Airfield</a>, Oxfordshire, in a <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Meteor</a>, piloted by <a href="/wiki/Martin-Baker_Mk.1" title="Martin-Baker Mk.1">Bernard Lynch</a>; the first dummy ejection had been 10 May 1945 over <a href="/wiki/RAF_Oakley" title="RAF Oakley">RAF Oakley</a> in west Buckinghamshire (today near the M40); on 13 March 1962, the first in-flight rocket-powered ejection took place by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Howard_(RAF_officer)" title="Peter Howard (RAF officer)">Peter Howard</a>, an RAF doctor based at Farnborough's <a href="/wiki/RAF_Institute_of_Aviation_Medicine" title="RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine">Institute of Aviation Medicine</a> in Meteor <i>WA364</i> at 250 ft over Chalgrove, with the rocket giving a maximum force of 16G. The <a href="/wiki/Miles_M.52" title="Miles M.52">Miles M.52</a>, designed at <a href="/wiki/Woodley_Aerodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodley Aerodrome">Woodley Aerodrome</a> in Berkshire by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Aircraft" title="Miles Aircraft">Miles Aircraft</a>, was an advanced design of aircraft which had the innovation of the <i>flying tail</i> or <i>all-moving tail</i> also known as a <a href="/wiki/Stabilator" title="Stabilator">stabilator</a>; this would solve the problem of stability and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_system" title="Aircraft flight control system">aircraft control</a> at <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_speed" title="Supersonic speed">supersonic speeds</a>, and its design was taken wholesale into the American <a href="/wiki/Bell_X-1" title="Bell X-1">Bell X-1</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_aircraft" title="Supersonic aircraft">supersonic aircraft</a>. </p><p>The first Harrier aircraft <i>XV738</i> flew on 28 December 1967; this was the first aircraft of the RAF to have a <a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">head-up display</a> avionics system. The first two-seat Harrier <i>XW174</i> flew on 24 April 1969, later crashing at <a href="/wiki/Larkhill" title="Larkhill">Larkhill</a> in June 1969. The <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier" title="British Aerospace Sea Harrier">British Aerospace Sea Harrier</a> <i>XZ450</i> first flew on 20 August 1978; on 4 May 1982 this aircraft was hit by anti-aircraft fire at <a href="/wiki/Goose_Green" title="Goose Green">Goose Green</a>, killing the pilot with <a href="/wiki/800_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="800 Naval Air Squadron">800 Naval Air Squadron</a> from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(R12)" title="HMS Hermes (R12)">HMS <i>Hermes</i></a>; the aircraft had no <a href="/wiki/Radar_warning_receiver" title="Radar warning receiver">radar warning receiver</a> (RWR), due to testing the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Eagle_(missile)" title="Sea Eagle (missile)">Sea Eagle</a>, so could not detect the Skyguard radar had locked on to it. It was destroyed with the <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_GDF" title="Oerlikon GDF">Oerlikon GDF</a> (35mm) of <a href="/wiki/GADA_601" title="GADA 601">GADA 601</a>; it was the first Sea Harrier lost in the Falklands campaign. </p><p>Royston Instruments of Byfleet developed the world's first multi-channel <a href="/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">flight data recorders</a> in 1965. </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">Comet</a> is generally accepted as the world's first production-run jet airliner, the first jet airliner ever built (individual)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Nene" title="Rolls-Royce Nene">Nene</a>-powered <a href="/wiki/Vickers_VC.1_Viking" title="Vickers VC.1 Viking">Vickers VC.1 Viking</a> on 6 April 1948 from <a href="/wiki/Wisley_Airfield" title="Wisley Airfield">Wisley Airfield</a>; the world's first <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> airliner would fly from there on 16 July 1948 by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Summers" title="Joseph Summers">Mutt Summers</a>. In 1939 at Cowes (<a href="/wiki/Northwood,_Isle_of_Wight" title="Northwood, Isle of Wight">Northwood</a>) John Godeck invented the <a href="/wiki/Plan_position_indicator" title="Plan position indicator">plan position indicator</a> method of <a href="/wiki/Radar_display" title="Radar display">radar display</a> as most commonly known ever since; the site became <a href="/wiki/Plessey_Radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Plessey Radar">Plessey Radar</a> in 1965, and currently is run by BAE Systems. <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry Gyroscope</a> in Bracknell produced the <a href="/wiki/Guidance_system" title="Guidance system">guidance systems</a> for Britain's 1960s space rockets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_industries">Other industries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wealden_iron_industry" title="Wealden iron industry">Wealden iron industry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Weald" title="Weald">Weald</a> was the site of the first <a href="/wiki/Blast_furnace" title="Blast furnace">blast furnace</a> in Britain in 1491, and produced much of Britain's <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> until the 1770s. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Block_Mills" title="Portsmouth Block Mills">Portsmouth Block Mills</a> were the site of the world's first metal <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tools</a>, built for the manufacture of wooden <a href="/wiki/Pulley" title="Pulley">pulleys</a>, invented by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Maudslay" title="Henry Maudslay">Henry Maudslay</a>, and the site of the world's first industrial <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a> in 1803. </p><p><a href="/wiki/South_Foreland_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="South Foreland Lighthouse">South Foreland Lighthouse</a> on 8 December 1858 was the world's first lighthouse with electric light, with the first type of industrial electrical generator made by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hale_Holmes" title="Frederick Hale Holmes">Frederick Hale Holmes</a>, from work he had carried out with <a href="/wiki/Floris_Nollet" title="Floris Nollet">Floris Nollet</a> of Belgium, and 36 permanent magnets. By 1880, of the ten lighthouses with electric light, five were in the UK. From the lighthouse in 1899, the first international radio broadcast to France was made. <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9nobe_Gramme" title="Zénobe Gramme">Zénobe Gramme</a> of Belgium made a much <a href="/wiki/Gramme_machine" title="Gramme machine">better design</a> in 1870 with <a href="/wiki/Excitation_(magnetic)" title="Excitation (magnetic)">self-excitation</a> of magnets, and the first modern <a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">dynamo</a>. North Foreland Lighthouse was the UK's last-staffed lighthouse until 1998. </p><p>Portland cement was developed in Northfleet, Kent, by William Aspdin, son of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aspdin" title="Joseph Aspdin">Joseph Aspdin</a>. The development was to heat the ingredients to around 1450 °C, producing <a href="/wiki/Clinker_(cement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinker (cement)">clinker</a>. Previously, temperatures were taken to only 800 °C, which was not enough. The first ever cement kiln is still in Northfleet today in a cardboard factory. In the late 1800s, the rotary kiln made the process much more efficient. Concrete, effectively human-made stone, is the most widespread human-made material. 5% of all carbon emissions worldwide are from concrete production. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of tallest structures in the United Kingdom">tallest freestanding structure</a> in the region is the chimney of <a href="/wiki/Grain_Power_Station" title="Grain Power Station">Grain Power Station</a> at 801 ft; it is the second-tallest chimney in the UK after <a href="/wiki/Drax_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Drax power station">Drax power station</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Smith_(film_pioneer)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Albert Smith (film pioneer)">George Albert Smith</a> developed the first <a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">colour film</a> process, known as <a href="/wiki/Kinemacolor" title="Kinemacolor">Kinemacolor</a>, in 1906 at <a href="/wiki/Southwick,_West_Sussex" title="Southwick, West Sussex">Southwick, West Sussex</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_E._Davis" title="George E. Davis">George E. Davis</a> from Slough, is the founding father of chemical engineering. Wiggins Teape, later <a href="/wiki/Arjo_Wiggins" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjo Wiggins">ARJO Wiggins Fine Papers</a>, had the largest paper research centre in Europe at Butlers Court in Beaconsfield; built in 1891 and vacated in 2009. <a href="/wiki/Bentalls" title="Bentalls">Bentalls</a> in Bracknell (now <a href="/wiki/Fenwick_(department_store)" title="Fenwick (department store)">Fenwick</a> since 2017) had the first <a href="/wiki/Payment_terminal" title="Payment terminal">point of sale terminal</a> in Europe - the <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a> 280 in 1973. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Fruit_Collection" title="National Fruit Collection">National Fruit Collection</a> is the largest collection of <a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree" title="Fruit tree">fruit trees</a> in the world, at <a href="/wiki/Brogdale" title="Brogdale">Brogdale</a>, and is next to the M2 at the A251 junction in <a href="/wiki/Ospringe" title="Ospringe">Ospringe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scalextric" title="Scalextric">Scalextric</a> was invented by Fred Francis in 1956, who founded Minimodels in Havant; initially the model cars had been <a href="/wiki/Clockwork" title="Clockwork">clockwork</a>; it was made from 1967 at <a href="/wiki/Tri-ang_Railways" title="Tri-ang Railways">Triang</a> in Margate. The world's first <a href="/wiki/Mars_(chocolate_bar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars (chocolate bar)">Mars Bar</a> was made in Slough in 1932; it was modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way_(chocolate_bar)" title="Milky Way (chocolate bar)">Milky Way</a>, popular at the time in the USA. Twix was introduced at Slough in 1967, with production moving to eastern France (Mars Chocolat France at <a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Haguenau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>) in 2005. The <a href="/wiki/Ford_GT40" title="Ford GT40">Ford GT40</a> was developed by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Advanced_Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Advanced Vehicles">Ford Advanced Vehicles</a> at Slough in the mid-1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London,_Great_Britain_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_(5457306673).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/London%2C_Great_Britain_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457306673%29.jpg/220px-London%2C_Great_Britain_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457306673%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/London%2C_Great_Britain_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457306673%29.jpg/330px-London%2C_Great_Britain_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457306673%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/London%2C_Great_Britain_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457306673%29.jpg/440px-London%2C_Great_Britain_Population_Density_and_Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zones_%285457306673%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3289" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>England population density and low elevation coastal zones. South East England is particularly vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France_manche_vue_dover.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/France_manche_vue_dover.JPG/301px-France_manche_vue_dover.JPG" decoding="async" width="301" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/France_manche_vue_dover.JPG/452px-France_manche_vue_dover.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/France_manche_vue_dover.JPG 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>View of South East England coast from northern France.</figcaption></figure> <p>The highest point is <a href="/wiki/Walbury_Hill" title="Walbury Hill">Walbury Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> at 297 m (974 ft). </p><p>Britain's tallest native tree, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Tree_Register" title="The Tree Register">The Tree Register</a> in April 2015, is a 144-ft beech at <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dyke,_Sussex" title="Devil's Dyke, Sussex">Devil's Dyke</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newtimber" title="Newtimber">Newtimber</a> Woods in West Sussex. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Cities and towns in the region include <a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashford,_Kent" title="Ashford, Kent">Ashford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire" title="Farnborough, Hampshire">Farnborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe" title="High Wycombe">High Wycombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margate" title="Margate">Margate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Isle_of_Wight" title="Newport, Isle of Wight">Newport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litlington_White_Horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Litlington_White_Horse.jpg/220px-Litlington_White_Horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Litlington_White_Horse.jpg/330px-Litlington_White_Horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Litlington_White_Horse.jpg/440px-Litlington_White_Horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="1483" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Litlington_White_Horse" title="Litlington White Horse">Litlington White Horse</a> situated in the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">South Downs</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_boundaries">Historical boundaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical boundaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 1999, there was a south east <a href="/wiki/Standard_statistical_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard statistical regions">Standard Statistical Region</a>, which also included the counties of <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>. The former south east <a href="/wiki/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England#Civil_defence_regions" title="Historical and alternative regions of England">Civil Defence Region</a> covered the same area as the current official region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_definitions">Alternative definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Alternative definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In unofficial usage, the South East can refer to a varying area – sometimes only to London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, and Surrey; but sometimes to an area corresponding to the former Standard Statistical Region. The South East is also occasionally used as a synonym for the <a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">home counties</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_profile_of_the_South_East.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Regional_profile_of_the_South_East.png/220px-Regional_profile_of_the_South_East.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="444" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Regional_profile_of_the_South_East.png/330px-Regional_profile_of_the_South_East.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Regional_profile_of_the_South_East.png/440px-Regional_profile_of_the_South_East.png 2x" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="5886" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_South_East_England_by_population" title="List of districts in South East England by population">List of districts in South East England by population</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_East_of_England_population_pyramid_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/South_East_of_England_population_pyramid_2020.svg/200px-South_East_of_England_population_pyramid_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/South_East_of_England_population_pyramid_2020.svg/300px-South_East_of_England_population_pyramid_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/South_East_of_England_population_pyramid_2020.svg/400px-South_East_of_England_population_pyramid_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3164" data-file-height="2546" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid of the South East in 2020</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_of_the_South_East_in_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/UK_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_of_the_South_East_in_2021.svg/200px-UK_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_of_the_South_East_in_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/UK_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_of_the_South_East_in_2021.svg/300px-UK_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_of_the_South_East_in_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/UK_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_of_the_South_East_in_2021.svg/400px-UK_and_foreign_born_population_pyramid_of_the_South_East_in_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2582" data-file-height="2078" /></a><figcaption>UK and foreign born population pyramid of the South East in 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The population of the region at the 2011 census was 8,634,750 making it the most populous English region.<sup id="cite_ref-onspop_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onspop-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbations</a> of the region include <a href="/wiki/South_Hampshire" title="South Hampshire">South Hampshire</a> (855,000), <a href="/wiki/Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton">Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton</a> (474,000) and <a href="/wiki/Reading/Wokingham_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading/Wokingham Urban Area">Reading</a> (318,000).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Settlements closer to London are part of the conurbation known as the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater London Urban Area">Greater London Urban Area</a>. </p><p>The South East has the highest percentage of people born outside of Britain other than <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. According to the 2021 census, 78.8% of residents were <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a>, 7.1% <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other White</a> (inc. 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Irish_Briton" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Briton">Irish</a>), 7.0% <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">British Asian</a>, 2.8% <a href="/wiki/British_Mixed" class="mw-redirect" title="British Mixed">Mixed Race</a>, 2.4% <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black British</a>, and 1.4% of <a href="/wiki/Other_ethnic_group_(United_Kingdom_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Other ethnic group (United Kingdom Census)">other groups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ons.gov.uk_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ons.gov.uk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Population of the South East of England<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Census</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Change </th></tr> <tr> <td>1801</td> <td>962,350</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1811</td> <td>1,072,563</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1821</td> <td>1,239,883</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1831</td> <td>1,378,755</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1841</td> <td>1,561,792</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1851</td> <td>1,687,558</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861</td> <td>1,957,208</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871</td> <td>2,226,880</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881</td> <td>2,496,534</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1891</td> <td>2,776,842</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901</td> <td>3,093,606</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911</td> <td>3,472,091</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921</td> <td>3,718,228</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>3,995,122</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941<sup><b>a</b></sup></td> <td>4,443,002</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td>4,976,340</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td>5,738,844</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td>6,718,771</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>7,025,593</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>7,677,641</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td>8,000,550</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>8,634,750</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>9,278,063</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup><b>a</b></sup> There was no census in 1941. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_and_towns">Cities and towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cities and towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>List of largest cities and towns by population in South East England<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">City/town</th> <th rowspan="2">Ceremonial county</th> <th colspan="2">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th>City/town<br />(2019)</th> <th>Conurbation<br />(2011) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></td> <td>East Sussex</td> <td>290,885</td> <td>474,485 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></td> <td>Buckinghamshire</td> <td>269,457</td> <td>229,941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></td> <td>Hampshire</td> <td>252,520</td> <td>855,569 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></td> <td>Hampshire</td> <td>214,905</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SouthHampshireBUA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SouthHampshireBUA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a></td> <td>Berkshire</td> <td>164,455</td> <td>163,777 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></td> <td>Berkshire</td> <td>161,780</td> <td>318,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></td> <td>Oxfordshire</td> <td>152,457</td> <td>171,380 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe" title="High Wycombe">High Wycombe</a></td> <td>Buckinghamshire</td> <td>125,257</td> <td>133,204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a></td> <td>Hampshire</td> <td>113,776</td> <td>107,642 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a></td> <td>Kent</td> <td>113,137</td> <td>107,627 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a></td> <td>West Sussex</td> <td>112,409</td> <td>180,508 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a></td> <td>West Sussex</td> <td>110,570</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-BrightonAndHoveBUA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrightonAndHoveBUA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent" title="Gillingham, Kent">Gillingham</a></td> <td>Kent</td> <td>104,157<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>243,931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a></td> <td>East Sussex</td> <td>103,745</td> <td>118,219 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Ethnic group </th> <th colspan="2">1981 estimates<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1991<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-ons.gov.uk_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ons.gov.uk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>: Total </th> <th>6,691,186 </th> <th>97.2% </th> <th>7,271,256 </th> <th>96.9% </th> <th>7,608,989 </th> <th>95.10% </th> <th>7,827,820 </th> <th>90.65% </th> <th>8,009,380 </th> <th>86.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,304,678 </td> <td>91.3% </td> <td>7,358,998 </td> <td>85.22% </td> <td>7,315,058 </td> <td>78.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/Irish_Briton" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Briton">Irish</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>82,405 </td> <td>1.02% </td> <td>73,571 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>78,219 </td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/Irish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Traveller">Irish Traveller</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Gypsy</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>14,542 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>16,748 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Roma </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>12,786 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Other_(United_Kingdom_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Other (United Kingdom Census)">Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>221,906 </td> <td>2.77% </td> <td>380,709 </td> <td>4.4% </td> <td>586,569 </td> <td>6.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian or Asian British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>149,198 </th> <th>2% </th> <th>219,704 </th> <th>2.74% </th> <th>452,042 </th> <th>5.23% </th> <th>650,545 </th> <th>7% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>64,888 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>89,219 </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>152,132 </td> <td>1.76% </td> <td>241,537 </td> <td>2.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="British Pakistani">Pakistani</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>35,946 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>58,520 </td> <td> </td> <td>99,246 </td> <td> </td> <td>145,311 </td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,546 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>15,358 </td> <td> </td> <td>27,951 </td> <td> </td> <td>39,881 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>18,226 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>33,089 </td> <td> </td> <td>53,061 </td> <td> </td> <td>64,329 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>21,592 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>23,518 </td> <td> </td> <td>119,652 </td> <td>1.38% </td> <td>159,487 </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black or Black British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>46,636 </th> <th>0.6% </th> <th>56,914 </th> <th>0.71% </th> <th>136,013 </th> <th>1.57% </th> <th>221,584 </th> <th>2.4% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">African</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,588 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>24,582 </td> <td> </td> <td>87,345 </td> <td> </td> <td>150,540 </td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_community" class="mw-redirect" title="British African-Caribbean community">Caribbean</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>23,633 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>27,452 </td> <td> </td> <td>34,225 </td> <td> </td> <td>43,523 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/Other_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="Other Black">Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>13,415 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>4,880 </td> <td> </td> <td>14,443 </td> <td> </td> <td>27,521 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>85,779 </th> <th>1.07% </th> <th>167,764 </th> <th>1.94% </th> <th>260,871 </th> <th>2.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_community" class="mw-redirect" title="British African-Caribbean community">Caribbean</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>23,742 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>45,980 </td> <td> </td> <td>62,087 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">African</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,493 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>22,825 </td> <td> </td> <td>38,633 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>29,977 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>58,764 </td> <td> </td> <td>88,106 </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: <a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">Other Mixed</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>22,567 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>40,195 </td> <td> </td> <td>72,045 </td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>32,964 </th> <th>0.4% </th> <th>29,259 </th> <th>0.36% </th> <th>51,111 </th> <th>0.59% </th> <th>135,683 </th> <th>1.4% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Other: <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>19,363 </td> <td> </td> <td>29,574 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Any other ethnic group </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>32,964 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>29,259 </td> <td>0.36% </td> <td>31,748 </td> <td>0.36% </td> <td>106,109 </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ethnic minority: Total </th> <th>191,229 </th> <th>2.8% </th> <th>228,798 </th> <th>3.1% </th> <th>391,656 </th> <th>4.9% </th> <th>806,930 </th> <th>9.4% </th> <th>1,268,683 </th> <th>13.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>6,882,415 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>7,500,054 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>8,000,645 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>8,634,750 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>9,278,063 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religion in South East England </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">2011</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_census" title="2001 United Kingdom census">2001</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th>Number </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th>Number </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0E0FF;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Britain" title="History of Christianity in Britain">Christianity</a> </td> <td>4,313,319 </td> <td>46.5% </td> <td>5,160,128 </td> <td>59.8% </td> <td>5,823,025 </td> <td>72.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0FFD0;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islam in the United Kingdom">Islam</a> </td> <td>309,067 </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>201,651 </td> <td>2.3% </td> <td>108,725 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFE0C0;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hinduism in the United Kingdom">Hinduism</a> </td> <td>154,748 </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>92,499 </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>44,575 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0C0;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">Sikhism</a> </td> <td>74,348 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>54,941 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>37,735 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFFFC0;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">Buddhism</a> </td> <td>54,433 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>43,946 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>22,005 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the Jews in the United Kingdom">Judaism</a> </td> <td>18,682 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>17,761 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>19,037 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0E0F0;">Other religion </td> <td>54,098 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>39,672 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>28,668 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">No religion</a> </td> <td>3,733,094 </td> <td>40.2% </td> <td>2,388,286 </td> <td>27.7% </td> <td>1,319,979 </td> <td>16.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DCDCDC;">Religion not stated </td> <td>566,279 </td> <td>6.1% </td> <td>635,866 </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td>596,896 </td> <td>7.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th><b>9,278,068</b> </th> <th><b>100%</b> </th> <th><b>8,634,750</b> </th> <th><b>100%</b> </th> <th><b>8,000,645</b> </th> <th><b>100%</b> </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_politics">Governance and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Governance and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South East England is an official region for statistical and strategic planning purposes, but is not served by any directly elected regional government. From 1998 to 2010 local councils sent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Sent what or whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to the voluntary <a href="/wiki/South_East_England_Regional_Assembly" title="South East England Regional Assembly">South East England Regional Assembly</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a>. Delegates met six times a year and it was responsible for the <a href="/wiki/South_East_England_Development_Agency" title="South East England Development Agency">South East England Development Agency</a>, a project which oversaw investment projects in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-seera_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seera-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was abolished on 31 March 2009 and replaced with <a href="/wiki/South_East_England_Councils" title="South East England Councils">South East England Councils</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a>. The region is divided into several local council areas, most composed of <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">two-tiered councils</a> (the tiers are county councils and district councils) and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary authorities">unitary authorities</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Map</th> <th>Ceremonial county</th> <th>Shire county / unitary</th> <th>Districts </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="19"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_East_England_counties_2009_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/South_East_England_counties_2009_map.svg/300px-South_East_England_counties_2009_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/South_East_England_counties_2009_map.svg/450px-South_East_England_counties_2009_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/South_East_England_counties_2009_map.svg/600px-South_East_England_counties_2009_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></td> <td rowspan="6" colspan="1">1. <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></td> <td colspan="2"><i>a</i>) <a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>b</i>) <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>c</i>) <a href="/wiki/Wokingham_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wokingham (district)">Wokingham</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>d</i>) <a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>e</i>) <a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>f</i>) <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></td> <td colspan="2">2. <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire U.A.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">3. <a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></td> <td>4. East Sussex</td> <td><i>a</i>) <a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a>, <i>b</i>) <a href="/wiki/Rother_District" title="Rother District">Rother</a>, <i>c</i>) <a href="/wiki/Wealden_District" title="Wealden District">Wealden</a>, <i>d</i>) <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a>, <i>e</i>) <a href="/wiki/Lewes_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewes (district)">Lewes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">5. <a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton & Hove">Brighton & Hove</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></td> <td>6. Hampshire</td> <td><i>a</i>) <a href="/wiki/Fareham_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fareham (borough)">Fareham</a>, <i>b</i>) <a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a>, <i>c</i>) <a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a>, <i>d</i>) <a href="/wiki/Havant_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Havant (borough)">Havant</a>, <i>e</i>) <a href="/wiki/East_Hampshire" title="East Hampshire">East Hampshire</a>, <i>f</i>) <a href="/wiki/Hart,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart, Hampshire">Hart</a>, <i>g</i>) <a href="/wiki/Rushmoor" title="Rushmoor">Rushmoor</a>, <i>h</i>) <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_and_Deane" title="Basingstoke and Deane">Basingstoke and Deane</a>, <i>i</i>) <a href="/wiki/Test_Valley" title="Test Valley">Test Valley</a>, <i>j</i>) <a href="/wiki/Eastleigh_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastleigh (borough)">Eastleigh</a>, <i>k</i>) <a href="/wiki/New_Forest_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Forest (district)">New Forest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">7. <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">8. <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">9. <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></td> <td>10. Kent</td> <td><i>a</i>) <a href="/wiki/Dartford_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartford (borough)">Dartford</a>, <i>b</i>) <a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a>, <i>c</i>) <a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevenoaks (district)">Sevenoaks</a>, <i>d</i>) <a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a>, <i>e</i>) <a href="/wiki/Tunbridge_Wells_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunbridge Wells (borough)">Tunbridge Wells</a>, <i>f</i>) <a href="/wiki/Maidstone_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maidstone (borough)">Maidstone</a>, <i>g</i>) <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a>, <i>h</i>) <a href="/wiki/Ashford_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashford (borough)">Ashford</a>, <i>i</i>) <a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_(District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkestone and Hythe (District)">Folkestone and Hythe</a>, <i>j</i>) <a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <i>k</i>) <a href="/wiki/Dover_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dover (district)">Dover</a>, <i>l</i>) <a href="/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">11. <a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a> U.A. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">12. <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></td> <td><i>a</i>) <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, <i>b</i>) <a href="/wiki/Cherwell_(district)" title="Cherwell (district)">Cherwell</a>, <i>c</i>) <a href="/wiki/South_Oxfordshire" title="South Oxfordshire">South Oxfordshire</a>, <i>d</i>) <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_White_Horse" title="Vale of White Horse">Vale of White Horse</a>,<i> e</i>) <a href="/wiki/West_Oxfordshire" title="West Oxfordshire">West Oxfordshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">13. <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></td> <td><i>a</i>) <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Spelthorne" title="Borough of Spelthorne">Spelthorne</a>, <i>b</i>) <a href="/wiki/Runnymede_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runnymede (district)">Runnymede</a>, <i>c</i>) <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Heath" title="Surrey Heath">Surrey Heath</a>, <i>d</i>) <a href="/wiki/Woking_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Woking (borough)">Woking</a>, <i>e</i>) <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Elmbridge" title="Borough of Elmbridge">Elmbridge</a>, <i>f</i>) <a href="/wiki/Guildford_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guildford (borough)">Guildford</a>, <i>g</i>) <a href="/wiki/Waverley,_Surrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Waverley, Surrey">Waverley</a>, <i>h</i>) <a href="/wiki/Mole_Valley" title="Mole Valley">Mole Valley</a>, <i>i</i>) <a href="/wiki/Reigate_and_Banstead" title="Reigate and Banstead">Reigate and Banstead</a>, <i>j</i>) <a href="/wiki/Tandridge_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandridge (district)">Tandridge</a>, <i>k</i>) <a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell" title="Epsom and Ewell">Epsom and Ewell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">14. <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></td> <td><i>a</i>) <a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a>, <i>b</i>) <a href="/wiki/Arun_District" title="Arun District">Arun</a>, <i>c</i>) <a href="/wiki/Chichester_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichester (district)">Chichester</a>, <i>d</i>) <a href="/wiki/Horsham_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horsham (district)">Horsham</a>, <i>e</i>) <a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a>, <i>f</i>) <a href="/wiki/Mid_Sussex_District" title="Mid Sussex District">Mid Sussex</a>, <i>g</i>) <a href="/wiki/Adur_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adur (district)">Adur</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Westminster_seats">Westminster seats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Westminster seats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_General_Election_2017_Results_Map_(South_East_England).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/United_Kingdom_General_Election_2017_Results_Map_%28South_East_England%29.svg/220px-United_Kingdom_General_Election_2017_Results_Map_%28South_East_England%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/United_Kingdom_General_Election_2017_Results_Map_%28South_East_England%29.svg/330px-United_Kingdom_General_Election_2017_Results_Map_%28South_East_England%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/United_Kingdom_General_Election_2017_Results_Map_%28South_East_England%29.svg/440px-United_Kingdom_General_Election_2017_Results_Map_%28South_East_England%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="1390" /></a><figcaption>General Election results in 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>The South East of England is the most <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> voting region of Britain in terms of both seats and votes. The area also has some seats where there is strong support for other parties, for example, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Oxford East (UK Parliament constituency)">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Slough (UK Parliament constituency)">Slough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Test_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Southampton Test (UK Parliament constituency)">Southampton Test</a> for <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Pavilion</a> which is held by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party</a>. Out of 84 parliamentary seats, the Conservatives hold 72. In the 2017 general election, the Conservatives won 54.8% of votes, Labour 28.6%, Liberal Democrats 10.6%, Greens 3.1%, and UKIP 2.2%. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:110px;" rowspan="2">Date of election </th> <th style="width:65px;" rowspan="2">Electorate </th> <th style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Con</a> </th> <th style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Lab</a> </th> <th style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dem</a> </th> <th style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UKIP</a> </th> <th style="width:60px;" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green</a> </th> <th style="width:60px;" rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Others </th> <th class="unsortable" style="width:20px;" rowspan="2">Lead </th></tr> <tr> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#0087DC; width:60px;"> </th> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#E4003B; width:60px;"> </th> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#FAA61A; width:60px;"> </th> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#6D3177; width:60px;"> </th> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#02A95B; width:60px;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">12 December 2019</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>4,652,810</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>54.0%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">22.1% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">18.2% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">0.2% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">3.9% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">1.5% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>31.9%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">8 June 2017</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>4,635,741</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>54.8%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">28.7% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">10.6% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">2.3% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">3.1% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">0.5% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>26.1%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">7 May 2015</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>4,394,400</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>50.8%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">18.3% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">9.4% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">14.7% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">5.2% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">1.5% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>31.5%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">6 May 2010</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>4,294,240</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>49.9%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">16.2% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">26.2% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">4.1% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">1.4% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">2.2% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>23.7%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">5 May 2005</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>3,901,598</i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>45.0%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">24.4% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">25.4% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">3.1% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">1.3% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">0.8% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>19.6%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">7 June 2001</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>5,187,711</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>42.6%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">31.7% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">21.6% </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#D5D5D5">4.1% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>10.9%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1 May 1997</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>4,341,608</i><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>41.9%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">29.1% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">23.3% </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#D5D5D5">5.7% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>7.2%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">9 April 1992</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>6,455,871</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>54.5%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">20.8% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">23.3% </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#D5D5D5">1.4% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>31.2%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">11 July 1987</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>6,087,487</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>55.6%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">16.8% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">27.2% </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#D5D5D5">0.5% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>28.4%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><b><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">9 June 1983</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5"><i>9,101,444</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#B3E0FF"><b>50.5%</b> </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">21.1% </td> <td style="background:#D5D5D5">27.1% </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#D5D5D5">1.0% </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"><b>23.4%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constituencies_in_South_East_England" title="Template:Constituencies in South East England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constituencies_in_South_East_England" title="Template talk:Constituencies in South East England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constituencies_in_South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constituencies in South East England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constituencies_in_South_East_England_(91)311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_constituencies_in_South_East_England" title="Parliamentary constituencies in South East England">Constituencies in South East England</a> (91)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldershot_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Aldershot (UK Parliament constituency)">Aldershot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Ashford (UK Parliament constituency)">Ashford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylesbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Aylesbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Aylesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Banbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Basingstoke (UK Parliament constituency)">Basingstoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bracknell (UK Parliament constituency)">Bracknell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Kemptown_and_Peacehaven_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_and_Bletchley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Buckingham and Bletchley (UK Parliament constituency)">Buckingham and Bletchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_and_Aylesford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Chatham and Aylesford (UK Parliament constituency)">Chatham and Aylesford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Crawley (UK Parliament constituency)">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dartford (UK Parliament constituency)">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_and_Deal_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dover and Deal (UK Parliament constituency)">Dover and Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley_and_Woodley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Earley and Woodley (UK Parliament constituency)">Earley and Woodley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Thanet_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Thanet (UK Parliament constituency)">East Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Worthing_and_Shoreham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Worthing and Shoreham (UK Parliament constituency)">East Worthing and Shoreham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Folkestone and Hythe (UK Parliament constituency)">Folkestone and Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingham_and_Rainham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gillingham and Rainham (UK Parliament constituency)">Gillingham and Rainham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gravesham (UK Parliament constituency)">Gravesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_and_Rye_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hastings and Rye (UK Parliament constituency)">Hastings and Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hove_and_Portslade_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hove and Portslade (UK Parliament constituency)">Hove and Portslade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Isle of Wight West (UK Parliament constituency)">Isle of Wight West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Milton Keynes Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Milton Keynes Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Milton Keynes North (UK Parliament constituency)">Milton Keynes North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Oxford East (UK Parliament constituency)">Oxford East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Portsmouth North (UK Parliament constituency)">Portsmouth North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Portsmouth South (UK Parliament constituency)">Portsmouth South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Reading Central (UK Parliament constituency)">Reading Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_West_and_Mid_Berkshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Reading West and Mid Berkshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Reading West and Mid Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_and_Strood_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rochester and Strood (UK Parliament constituency)">Rochester and Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittingbourne_and_Sheppey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sittingbourne and Sheppey (UK Parliament constituency)">Sittingbourne and Sheppey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Slough (UK Parliament constituency)">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Itchen_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Southampton Itchen (UK Parliament constituency)">Southampton Itchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Test_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Southampton Test (UK Parliament constituency)">Southampton Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthing_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Worthing West (UK Parliament constituency)">Worthing West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycombe_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wycombe (UK Parliament constituency)">Wycombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (30)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arundel_and_South_Downs_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Arundel and South Downs (UK Parliament constituency)">Arundel and South Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Beaconsfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexhill_and_Battle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bexhill and Battle (UK Parliament constituency)">Bexhill and Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bognor_Regis_and_Littlehampton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bognor Regis and Littlehampton (UK Parliament constituency)">Bognor Regis and Littlehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Grinstead_and_Uckfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Grinstead and Uckfield (UK Parliament constituency)">East Grinstead and Uckfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency)">East Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Surrey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)">East Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fareham_and_Waterlooville_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Fareham and Waterlooville (UK Parliament constituency)">Fareham and Waterlooville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnham_and_Bordon_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Farnham and Bordon (UK Parliament constituency)">Farnham and Bordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faversham_and_Mid_Kent_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Faversham and Mid Kent (UK Parliament constituency)">Faversham and Mid Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godalming_and_Ash_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Godalming and Ash (UK Parliament constituency)">Godalming and Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosport_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gosport (UK Parliament constituency)">Gosport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamble_Valley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hamble Valley (UK Parliament constituency)">Hamble Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havant_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Havant (UK Parliament constituency)">Havant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne_Bay_and_Sandwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Herne Bay and Sandwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Herne Bay and Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Isle of Wight East (UK Parliament constituency)">Isle of Wight East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidstone_and_Malling_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Maidstone and Malling (UK Parliament constituency)">Maidstone and Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Buckinghamshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Mid Buckinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Mid Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Forest East (UK Parliament constituency)">New Forest East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Forest West (UK Parliament constituency)">New Forest West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Hampshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency)">North West Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigate_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Reigate (UK Parliament constituency)">Reigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romsey_and_Southampton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Romsey and Southampton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Romsey and Southampton North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnymede_and_Weybridge_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Runnymede and Weybridge (UK Parliament constituency)">Runnymede and Weybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sevenoaks (UK Parliament constituency)">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelthorne_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Spelthorne (UK Parliament constituency)">Spelthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Weald_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sussex Weald (UK Parliament constituency)">Sussex Weald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tonbridge (UK Parliament constituency)">Tonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weald_of_Kent_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Weald of Kent (UK Parliament constituency)">Weald of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Windsor (UK Parliament constituency)">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (24)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicester_and_Woodstock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bicester and Woodstock (UK Parliament constituency)">Bicester and Woodstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesham_and_Amersham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Chesham and Amersham (UK Parliament constituency)">Chesham and Amersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Chichester (UK Parliament constituency)">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didcot_and_Wantage_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Didcot and Wantage (UK Parliament constituency)">Didcot and Wantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorking_and_Horley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dorking and Horley (UK Parliament constituency)">Dorking and Horley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)">Eastbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastleigh_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Eastleigh (UK Parliament constituency)">Eastleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Epsom and Ewell (UK Parliament constituency)">Epsom and Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esher_and_Walton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Esher and Walton (UK Parliament constituency)">Esher and Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Guildford (UK Parliament constituency)">Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_and_Thame_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Henley and Thame (UK Parliament constituency)">Henley and Thame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Horsham (UK Parliament constituency)">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lewes (UK Parliament constituency)">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidenhead_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Maidenhead (UK Parliament constituency)">Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Sussex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Mid Sussex (UK Parliament constituency)">Mid Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Newbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Hampshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency)">North East Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_West_and_Abingdon_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Oxford West and Abingdon (UK Parliament constituency)">Oxford West and Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Heath_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Surrey Heath (UK Parliament constituency)">Surrey Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunbridge_Wells_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tunbridge Wells (UK Parliament constituency)">Tunbridge Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Winchester (UK Parliament constituency)">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witney_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Witney (UK Parliament constituency)">Witney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woking_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Woking (UK Parliament constituency)">Woking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wokingham (UK Parliament constituency)">Wokingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green</a> (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)">Brighton Pavilion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Canterbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurostat_NUTS">Eurostat NUTS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Eurostat NUTS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics</a> (NUTS), South East England is a level-1 NUTS region, coded "UKJ", which is subdivided as follows: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_European_Union_referendum_2016_voting_area_results_(South_East_England).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/United_Kingdom_European_Union_referendum_2016_voting_area_results_%28South_East_England%29.svg/220px-United_Kingdom_European_Union_referendum_2016_voting_area_results_%28South_East_England%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/United_Kingdom_European_Union_referendum_2016_voting_area_results_%28South_East_England%29.svg/330px-United_Kingdom_European_Union_referendum_2016_voting_area_results_%28South_East_England%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/United_Kingdom_European_Union_referendum_2016_voting_area_results_%28South_East_England%29.svg/440px-United_Kingdom_European_Union_referendum_2016_voting_area_results_%28South_East_England%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption>How the region voted in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 European referendum</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:gold; text-align:left;"> <th>NUTS 1 </th> <th>Code </th> <th width="150px">NUTS 2 </th> <th>Code </th> <th>NUTS 3 </th> <th>Code </th></tr> <tr> <td>South East England </td> <td>UKJ </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">UKJ1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> </td> <td>UKJ11 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="20" colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NUTS_3_regions_of_South_East_England_2015_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NUTS_3_regions_of_South_East_England_2015_map.svg/240px-NUTS_3_regions_of_South_East_England_2015_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NUTS_3_regions_of_South_East_England_2015_map.svg/360px-NUTS_3_regions_of_South_East_England_2015_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NUTS_3_regions_of_South_East_England_2015_map.svg/480px-NUTS_3_regions_of_South_East_England_2015_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">City of Milton Keynes</a> </td> <td>UKJ12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire Council</a> (UA) </td> <td>UKJ13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> </td> <td>UKJ14 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">UKJ2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a> </td> <td>UKJ21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a> CC </td> <td>UKJ22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Surrey (<a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Elmbridge" title="Borough of Elmbridge">Elmbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Guildford" title="Borough of Guildford">Guildford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Runnymede" title="Borough of Runnymede">Runnymede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Spelthorne" title="Borough of Spelthorne">Spelthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Heath" title="Surrey Heath">Surrey Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Waverley" title="Borough of Waverley">Waverley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Woking" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of Woking">Woking</a>) </td> <td>UKJ25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Surrey (<a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell" title="Epsom and Ewell">Epsom and Ewell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mole_Valley" title="Mole Valley">Mole Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reigate_and_Banstead" title="Reigate and Banstead">Reigate and Banstead</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tandridge_District" title="Tandridge District">Tandridge</a>) </td> <td>UKJ26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Sussex (South West) - (<a href="/wiki/Adur_District" title="Adur District">Adur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arun_District" title="Arun District">Arun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chichester_District" title="Chichester District">Chichester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a>) </td> <td>UKJ27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Sussex (North East) - (<a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horsham_District" title="Horsham District">Horsham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mid_Sussex_District" title="Mid Sussex District">Mid Sussex</a>) </td> <td>UKJ28 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">UKJ3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> </td> <td>UKJ31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> </td> <td>UKJ32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> </td> <td>UKJ34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Hampshire (<a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Eastleigh" title="Borough of Eastleigh">Eastleigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fareham" title="Borough of Fareham">Fareham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Havant" title="Borough of Havant">Havant</a>) </td> <td>UKJ35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central Hampshire (<a href="/wiki/East_Hampshire" title="East Hampshire">East Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Forest_District" title="New Forest District">New Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Valley" title="Test Valley">Test Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a>) </td> <td>UKJ36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Hampshire (<a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_and_Deane" title="Basingstoke and Deane">Basingstoke and Deane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hart_District" title="Hart District">Hart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rushmoor" title="Rushmoor">Rushmoor</a>) </td> <td>UKJ37 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">UKJ4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a> </td> <td>UKJ41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kent Thames Gateway (<a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a>) </td> <td>UKJ43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Kent (<a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dover_District" title="Dover District">Dover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_(District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkestone and Hythe (District)">Folkestone and Hythe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a>) </td> <td>UKJ44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mid Kent (<a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Ashford" title="Borough of Ashford">Ashford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Maidstone" title="Borough of Maidstone">Maidstone</a>) </td> <td>UKJ45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Kent (<a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_District" title="Sevenoaks District">Sevenoaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Borough of Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a>) </td> <td>UKJ46 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buckinghamshire, Medway and Kent, and Slough have an almost completely <a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">selective education system</a> – not just a few <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar schools</a> as other English areas may have – with <a href="/wiki/Secondary_modern_school" title="Secondary modern school">secondary modern schools</a> as the alternative. Kent has 33 grammar schools, Buckinghamshire 13, Medway 6 and Slough 4. The other areas are <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive</a>. The top thirty schools at <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Level_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Level (UK)">A level</a> are almost exclusively selective schools; one or two are <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">sixth form colleges</a>. However, the results for each county as a whole are not always directly related to the number of grammar schools, as Kent and Medway perform below average at A-level. <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_School,_Canterbury" title="The King's School, Canterbury">The King's School, Canterbury</a> claims to be oldest in England: 597 AD. Herschel Grammar School in Slough is the most oversubscribed school in England, with 14 people per place, Langley Grammar School in Slough is next with 13 per place, then Burnham Grammar School.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>508,000 in the region are at state secondary schools (the highest in England) with 101,000 in Kent (the highest in England for a county and completely selective) then 70,000 in Hampshire, 60,000 in Surrey, 45,000 in West Sussex, 36,000 in Oxfordshire, 35,000 in Buckinghamsire. The lowest is 6,000 at Bracknell Forest, then Reading with about 6,000. Of all regions, the South-East has the greatest percentage that attend a grammar school: 12%; the next highest is the South-West with 6%.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most-educated people (<a href="/wiki/National_Qualifications_Framework" class="mw-redirect" title="National Qualifications Framework">NQF</a> level 4 or above) in the region live in Elmbridge (51%), then Waverley, and Epsom and Ewell; 33% of people are at this level for the South-East, only second to London at 40%. </p><p>The region has the highest number of sixth formers, outside of London, in England;<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the highest number is in Kent, the highest for England, then Buckinghamshire (also completely selective), then Surrey. For state school pupils, there is patchy <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering_and_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Science, technology, engineering and mathematics">STEM</a> participation. Hampshire has the most passing STEM subjects in England and in the region, followed by Kent, Surrey and Buckinghamshire. For STEM subjects, Portsmouth is lowest by some distance (6 people passed A level Chemistry) and is almost the worst in England. Southampton also gets low STEM subject results. Bracknell Forest gets low STEM results, for its economic prosperity, but does not include private schools. </p><p>For languages, the best is Kent: the county achieves the most A-level language passes in England, although Hampshire is a close second. Both counties get more German A level passes than the whole of <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East England</a>. Buckinghamshire and Surrey have high language A-level passes. Hampshire gets the most A-level passes in England (27,500), again more than North-East England (25,000). Although Hampshire is the best at languages, Portsmouth gets the fewest language passes in the region, and some of the lowest in England, with four French A levels, and has only 500 A level passes in total; next lowest are Slough, Bracknell Forest, and Southampton. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reading_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902287.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Reading_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902287.jpg/220px-Reading_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902287.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Reading_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902287.jpg/330px-Reading_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902287.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Reading_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902287.jpg/440px-Reading_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_902287.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Reading School often gets the highest percentage of Oxbridge acceptances for a state school in England.</figcaption></figure> <p>Reading School, a grammar, is the state school that gets the highest percentage (23%) into Oxbridge in 2010, behind 10 independents, and is also the oldest existing state grammar school in England;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> above it in the region, of the independent schools, are <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College_School,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College School, Oxford">Magdalen College School, Oxford</a> (32%), <a href="/wiki/Guildford_High_School" title="Guildford High School">Guildford High School</a> (26%) and <a href="/wiki/Wycombe_Abbey" title="Wycombe Abbey">Wycombe Abbey</a> (25%). The <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_School" title="Kendrick School">Kendrick School</a>, also in Reading, gets the 4th highest state school acceptance percentage to Oxbridge (18%) and the second highest in England outside of two grammar schools in London. Of the 25 state schools in the top 100 schools getting to Oxbridge, 7 are from the region. Many people from the north of East Sussex go to Kent's grammars; some people on the London edge of Surrey attend grammars in <a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a>; and Buckingham's two grammars attract people from nearby Milton Keynes;<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buckinghamshire's grammar schools get some of best admissions to Oxbridge in the UK. Surrey has twice as many acceptances into Oxbridge as the whole of Wales; acceptances to Oxbridge are concentrated in 10 counties in the South-East. </p><p>1% of those at school in the South-East gained no GCSE passes in 2010; Portsmouth was most with 2.5%, and Windsor and Maidenhead had the lowest with 0.2%. For school free school meals, the region has the lowest percentage in England with 7.2%; the highest percentage is Southampton with 17%, and the lowest is Wokingham with 3.5% (the second lowest in England after <a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a>); Buckinghamshire is 4.3%, then Bracknell Forest and Surrey are 4.9%. For truancy, the highest is South Bucks at 7.0, then Canterbury 7.0, Portsmouth 6.9, Thanet 6.9, Southampton 6.4, and Rushmoor 6.1. The lowest truancy percentages are for Tandridge 2.5, Windsor & Maidenhead 2.5, and Slough 2.5. </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">GCSE</a>, the area in the South East (and England) with the highest results is consistently Buckinghamshire. Berkshire is split into unitary authorities, and Wokingham, Windsor and Slough have the next best GCSE results. All of Berkshire's unitary authorities have results above the England average, with West Berkshire considerably above average. Schools in Surrey and Hampshire also have consistently good GCSE results, and they are above average in Oxfordshire, West Sussex, Kent, Medway, and East Sussex. There are a small number of districts where results are significantly below average including the unitary authorities of Portsmouth (one of the lowest <a href="/wiki/Local_Education_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Education Authority">LEAs</a> in the country), the Isle of Wight, Southampton, Brighton, and the districts of Oxford in Oxfordshire, Adur in West Sussex and Hastings in East Sussex. </p><p>There are forty-nine FE colleges in the region. The two main FE colleges are <a href="/wiki/Northbrook_College" title="Northbrook College">Northbrook College</a> in Sussex and <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_College_of_Technology" title="Basingstoke College of Technology">Basingstoke College of Technology</a> in Hampshire. Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshore share an <a href="/wiki/Learning_and_Skills_Council" title="Learning and Skills Council">LSC</a> (which fund FE colleges), and Sussex has a combined LSC. The region's LSC office was in Reading, looking after five areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Church_College.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Christ_Church_College.JPG/220px-Christ_Church_College.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Christ_Church_College.JPG/330px-Christ_Church_College.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Christ_Church_College.JPG/440px-Christ_Church_College.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2559" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tower" title="Tom Tower">Tom Tower</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>; in 1920, the University of Oxford was the first in the UK to award degrees to women.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(universities)" title="Golden triangle (universities)">Golden triangle (universities)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SES_(universities)" class="mw-redirect" title="SES (universities)">SES (universities)</a></div> <p>The best known university in the region is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, famous for its academic achievements, and also for its ornate <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Colleges of the University of Oxford">colleges</a> and its rowing crews on the Thames. It was ranked the fourth best university in the world by the Times Higher Education Supplement in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other universities include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">University of Brighton</a>, Brighton and Eastbourne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">University of Buckingham</a>, Buckingham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New University</a>, High Wycombe, Aylesbury, Uxbridge and Great Missenden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church University</a>, Canterbury, Medway towns and Tunbridge Wells</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">University of Chichester</a>, Chichester and Bognor Regis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">University of Kent</a>, Canterbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Law">The University of Law</a>, Guildford (as well as eight other UK campuses outside South East England)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>, Reading, Henley-on-Thames</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a>, Milton Keynes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes University</a>, Oxford</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">University of Portsmouth</a>, Portsmouth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway, University of London</a>, Egham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent University">Solent University</a>, Southampton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a>, Southampton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">University of Surrey</a>, Guildford</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a>, Brighton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">University of Winchester</a>, Winchester</li></ul> <p>By total <a href="/wiki/HEFCE" class="mw-redirect" title="HEFCE">HEFCE</a> funding, the biggest university is the Open University, followed by Oxford University.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Open and Oxford each receive around three times as much funding as any other university in the region, and Oxford receives the largest research grant in England (as of 2009). The University of Southampton gets the third largest amount of funding, with the next largest research grant, one of the largest in England. Other universities with a large research grant are Reading, Sussex and Surrey. Oxford gets twice as much total income (around £700 million) as the next largest, Southampton. Surrey and Reading get the next largest total income. </p><p>Oxford and Southampton have the largest numbers of students, followed by Brighton. Of total students in the region, around 45% are from the region and 35% from other regions. Of full-time first degree students in the region, over 35% are from the region, 15% are from London, and 10% each are from the East of England and the South-West; in total, around 70% are from the south of England. Very few are from the North-East or Scotland. Around 35% of the region's native students stay in the region, with 15% going to London and over 10% going to the South-West. In general, for other regions of the UK, the South-East's students are more prepared to study in other regions than those regions' students are prepared to study in the South-East. Once they graduate, over 50% stay in the South-East, with 25% going to London, around 5% going to the East of England, and around 10% going to the South-West; around 90% stay in the south of England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Overall, the South East of England is a very prosperous area with the second largest regional economy in the UK (after London), valued at £177 billion in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GDP per capita in 2007 was estimated at £22,624, compared with a UK average of £19,956, making South East England the second richest region per capita, behind London.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However prosperity varies significantly across the region and despite its image of wealth there are large pockets of deprivation. GDP per capita in Berkshire and Milton Keynes is more than twice that of East Sussex and the Isle of Wight.<sup id="cite_ref-appsso_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appsso-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region's <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Advisory_Service" title="Manufacturing Advisory Service">Manufacturing Advisory Service</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/A30_road" title="A30 road">A30</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hook,_Hart" title="Hook, Hart">Hook</a>, north Hampshire<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment" title="UK Trade & Investment">UKTI</a> service for the region<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is on Victory Park in <a href="/wiki/Whiteley" title="Whiteley">Whiteley</a>, off junction 9 of the <a href="/wiki/M27_motorway" title="M27 motorway">M27</a>, opposite the <i>Solent Hotel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_East_Coast_Ambulance_Service" title="South East Coast Ambulance Service">South East Coast Ambulance Service</a> has three headquarters, one each for Kent, Surrey and Sussex. These are on the B2163 at <a href="/wiki/Coxheath" title="Coxheath">Coxheath</a> (for Kent), on the <a href="/wiki/A217_road" title="A217 road">A217</a> at <a href="/wiki/Banstead" title="Banstead">Banstead</a> (for Surrey), and on the A277 in <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a> (for Sussex). The <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Ambulance_Service" title="South Central Ambulance Service">South Central Ambulance Service</a> is headquartered on the B4100 next to <a href="/wiki/Bicester_Town_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicester Town railway station">Bicester Town railway station</a>, with offices at <a href="/wiki/Otterbourne" title="Otterbourne">Otterbourne</a>, Hampshire and <a href="/wiki/Wokingham" title="Wokingham">Wokingham</a>. The charity-funded air ambulances are <a href="/wiki/Kent_Air_Ambulance" title="Kent Air Ambulance">Kent Air Ambulance</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marden,_Kent" title="Marden, Kent">Marden, Kent</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_%26_Isle_of_Wight_Air_Ambulance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampshire & Isle of Wight Air Ambulance">Hampshire & Isle of Wight Air Ambulance</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thruxton,_Hampshire" title="Thruxton, Hampshire">Thruxton, Hampshire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Surrey_and_Sussex_Air_Ambulance" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance">Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dunsfold_Aerodrome" title="Dunsfold Aerodrome">Dunsfold Aerodrome</a>, Surrey; and the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley_Air_Ambulance" title="Thames Valley Air Ambulance">Thames Valley Air Ambulance</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Benson" title="RAF Benson">RAF Benson</a>. </p><p>Many high technology companies are located near the M3 in Surrey and the M4 in Berkshire. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> had their UK base in <a href="/wiki/Blackwater,_Hampshire" title="Blackwater, Hampshire">Blackwater</a> near <a href="/wiki/Camberley" title="Camberley">Camberley</a> until 2009. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a> have their UK headquarters next door to each other in Reading (Wokingham borough), as do the <a href="/wiki/Yell_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Yell Group">Yell Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logica" title="Logica">Logica</a> (near junction 11 of the M4). The Gatwick Diamond is also a hub for hi-tech industry, centred at <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">Gatwick Airport</a> with <a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Burgess_Hill" title="Burgess Hill">Burgess Hill</a> to the south. The largest company, by turnover, in the South East is Vodafone, followed by Ineos. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>South-East Region</th> <th>GDP €</th> <th>GDP per capita € (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-appsso_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appsso-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Berkshire</td> <td>€45.2 bn</td> <td>€51,500 (includes <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of Reading">Borough of Reading</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buckinghamshire</td> <td>€18.6 bn</td> <td>€36,100 (excludes City of Milton Keynes UA) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxfordshire</td> <td>€25.3 bn</td> <td>€38,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Milton Keynes</td> <td>€12.8 bn</td> <td>€50,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brighton & Hove</td> <td>€8.4 bn</td> <td>€30,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Sussex CC</td> <td>€11.1 bn</td> <td>€20,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Surrey</td> <td>€46.6 bn</td> <td>€40,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Sussex</td> <td>€24.6 bn</td> <td>€32,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portsmouth</td> <td>€6.8 bn</td> <td>€33,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southampton</td> <td>€7.4 bn</td> <td>€30,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hampshire CC</td> <td>€44.6 bn</td> <td>€33,400 (excludes Portsmouth and Southampton) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Isle of Wight</td> <td>€2.8 bn</td> <td>€20,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Medway</td> <td>€5.6 bn</td> <td>€20,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kent CC</td> <td>€38.6 bn</td> <td>€25,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>TOTAL</b> </td> <td>€<b>300.5</b> bn </td> <td>€<b>34.200</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:166206_at_Redhill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/166206_at_Redhill.jpg/220px-166206_at_Redhill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/166206_at_Redhill.jpg/330px-166206_at_Redhill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/166206_at_Redhill.jpg/440px-166206_at_Redhill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Redhill_railway_station" title="Redhill railway station">Redhill</a> with the diesel <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_166" title="British Rail Class 166">Class 166</a> service run by <a href="/wiki/First_Great_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="First Great Western">First Great Western</a> to <a href="/wiki/Reading_railway_station" title="Reading railway station">Reading</a> as the line has not got the <a href="/wiki/Third_rail_electrification" class="mw-redirect" title="Third rail electrification">Third rail electrification</a> fully installed on the <a href="/wiki/North_Downs_Line" title="North Downs Line">North Downs Line</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A21Pemburynorthbound.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A21Pemburynorthbound.jpg/180px-A21Pemburynorthbound.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A21Pemburynorthbound.jpg/270px-A21Pemburynorthbound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A21Pemburynorthbound.jpg/360px-A21Pemburynorthbound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Most main routes in the region are radials from London. Shown here is the <a href="/wiki/A21_road_(England)" title="A21 road (England)">A21</a>. It is one of the major north–south routes connecting London and <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter towns</a> and the coast</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_UK_-_South_East_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_UK_-_South_East_England.svg/220px-Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_UK_-_South_East_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_UK_-_South_East_England.svg/330px-Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_UK_-_South_East_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_UK_-_South_East_England.svg/440px-Rail_transport_infrastructure_map_-_UK_-_South_East_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Rail transport infrastructure map - UK - South East England</figcaption></figure> <p>The main road transport routes are along the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a> through Buckinghamshire; the <a href="/wiki/M40_motorway" title="M40 motorway">M40</a> through Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire; the <a href="/wiki/M4_motorway" title="M4 motorway">M4</a> through <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>; the <a href="/wiki/M2_motorway_(Great_Britain)" title="M2 motorway (Great Britain)">M2 motorway</a>/<a href="/wiki/A2_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A2 road (Great Britain)">A2</a> and <a href="/wiki/M20_motorway" title="M20 motorway">M20</a> through Kent; the <a href="/wiki/M23_motorway" title="M23 motorway">M23</a> through Surrey and West Sussex; the <a href="/wiki/M3_motorway_(Great_Britain)" title="M3 motorway (Great Britain)">M3</a> through Surrey and Hampshire. All these routes connect to the <a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25</a>, which runs near to and occasionally through the region's border with Greater London. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/A34_road_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="A34 road (England)">A34</a> provides a north–south road link through Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Hampshire. The east–west corridor through the south of the region is provided by the <a href="/wiki/A27_road" title="A27 road">A27</a> and the <a href="/wiki/M27_motorway" title="M27 motorway">M27</a>. </p><p>The main intercontinental airport is <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">Gatwick Airport</a>, with regional airports at <a href="/wiki/Kent_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent International Airport">Kent International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shoreham_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoreham Airport">Shoreham Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Airport" title="Southampton Airport">Southampton Airport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> but also serves (and is serviced by) the South East region. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Main_Line" title="Great Western Main Line">Great Western Main Line</a> passes through Berkshire, Oxfordshire and southern Buckinghamshire. The <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Main_Line" title="South Eastern Main Line">South Eastern Main Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">High Speed 1</a> pass through Kent; the latter connects to the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Main_Line" title="Brighton Main Line">Brighton Main Line</a> passes through Surrey and West Sussex. The <a href="/wiki/North_Downs_Line" title="North Downs Line">North Downs Line</a> runs from <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> then through <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> to connect with <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> passes through northern Buckinghamshire. The <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Main_Line" title="Chiltern Main Line">Chiltern Main Line</a> is a major commuter line between Birmingham and London passing through central Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Dover" title="Port of Dover">Port of Dover</a> and the port at <a href="/wiki/Folkestone" title="Folkestone">Folkestone</a> have many ferry services to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and though none currently run to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As part of the transport planning system the Regional Assembly is under statutory requirement to produce a Regional Transport Strategy (RTS) to provide long term planning for transport in the region. This involves region wide transport schemes such as those carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Highways_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Highways Agency">Highways Agency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_Rail" title="Network Rail">Network Rail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GoE1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoE1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the region the local transport authorities carry out transport planning through the use of a <a href="/wiki/Local_transport_plan" title="Local transport plan">Local Transport Plan (LTP)</a> which outlines their strategies, policies and implementation programme.<sup id="cite_ref-DfT1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DfT1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most recent LTP is that for the period 2006–11. In the South East region the following transport authorities have published their LTP online: <a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-BFTP_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFTP-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton & Hove">Brighton & Hove</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-BaHLTP_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaHLTP-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BkLTP_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BkLTP-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ESLTP_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESLTP-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HmLTP_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HmLTP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-IoWLTP_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoWLTP-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KLTP_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KLTP-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-MwLTP_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MwLTP-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-MKLTP_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKLTP-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OLTP_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLTP-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-PmLTP_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PmLTP-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-RdLTP_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RdLTP-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-SlLTP_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SlLTP-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-ShLTP_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShLTP-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SuLTP_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuLTP-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a> U.A.,<sup id="cite_ref-WaMLTP_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaMLTP-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wokingham_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wokingham (borough)">Wokingham</a> U.A.<sup id="cite_ref-WoLTP_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoLTP-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WSLTP_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSLTP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_activity_by_county">Economic activity by county</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economic activity by county"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berkshire">Berkshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Berkshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile network operators of Europe">List of mobile network operators of Europe</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newbury,_New_Vodafone_Headquarters_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5590.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Newbury%2C_New_Vodafone_Headquarters_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5590.jpg/220px-Newbury%2C_New_Vodafone_Headquarters_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5590.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Newbury%2C_New_Vodafone_Headquarters_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5590.jpg/330px-Newbury%2C_New_Vodafone_Headquarters_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5590.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Newbury%2C_New_Vodafone_Headquarters_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5590.jpg/440px-Newbury%2C_New_Vodafone_Headquarters_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5590.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Vodafone HQ north of Newbury; it arrived as Racal-Vodafone in 1983, when Bayer also arrived; Vodafone is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">world's second-biggest mobile phone company</a> (the world's largest privately owned) with £40 billion of revenue and 464 million customers, and profits of £11bn; it has around 19M UK customers, and by value makes up about 5% of the FTSE 100.</figcaption></figure> <p>Companies in Berkshire essentially follow the <a href="/wiki/M4_corridor" title="M4 corridor">M4 corridor</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Theale" title="Theale">Theale</a> are <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia UK</a> (components for smartphones) and <a href="/wiki/Wolseley_(builders%27_merchant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolseley (builders' merchant)">Wolseley</a>, the builders' and plumbers' merchants who own <a href="/wiki/Bathstore" title="Bathstore">Bathstore</a> and Plumb Center. SPP Pumps (owned by <a href="/wiki/Kirloskar_Group" title="Kirloskar Group">Kirloskar Group</a>) is at the <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Business_Park" title="Arlington Business Park">Arlington Business Park</a>; on the same estate <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a> is next to the GWML railway. <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche Cars Great Britain</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Calcot,_Berkshire" title="Calcot, Berkshire">Calcot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilehurst" title="Tilehurst">Tilehurst</a>, west of Reading near Theale Interchange. <a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson UK</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Pangbourne" title="Pangbourne">Pangbourne</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High_and_Mighty_(shop)" class="mw-redirect" title="High and Mighty (shop)">High and Mighty</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer UK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin</a>, Rennie and <a href="/wiki/Alka-Seltzer" title="Alka-Seltzer">Alka-Seltzer</a>) is to the west; <a href="/wiki/National_Instruments" title="National Instruments">National Instruments</a> UK is to the east off the A4 on the Newbury Business Park, and <a href="/wiki/Quantel" title="Quantel">Quantel</a> was off the A4 and is now <a href="/wiki/Snell_Limited" title="Snell Limited">Snell</a> (former Snell & Wilcox, previously in Lower Earley), an important video technology company, near <a href="/wiki/Aricent" title="Aricent">Aricent</a> UK. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Weapons_Establishment" title="Atomic Weapons Establishment">Atomic Weapons Establishment</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Aldermaston" title="Aldermaston">Aldermaston</a> on the Hampshire boundary. The Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre and <a href="/wiki/Xtrac_Limited" title="Xtrac Limited">Xtrac Limited</a> are at <a href="/wiki/Thatcham" title="Thatcham">Thatcham</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Military_Survey" title="Royal School of Military Survey">Royal School of Military Survey</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Hermitage,_Berkshire" title="Hermitage, Berkshire">Hermitage</a>. East of the A34, north of the M4, at <a href="/wiki/Compton,_Berkshire" title="Compton, Berkshire">Compton</a> since 1992 is the UK HQ of <a href="/wiki/Baxter_International" title="Baxter International">Baxter Healthcare</a>, part of a global company which is working on a vaccine for <a href="/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1" title="Influenza A virus subtype H1N1">H1N1</a>, and next door is the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Animal_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Animal Health">Institute for Animal Health</a>, which also researches H1N1. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slough_-_Horlicks_factory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Slough_-_Horlicks_factory.jpg/220px-Slough_-_Horlicks_factory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Slough_-_Horlicks_factory.jpg/330px-Slough_-_Horlicks_factory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Slough_-_Horlicks_factory.jpg/440px-Slough_-_Horlicks_factory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Horlicks factory in Slough; GSK Slough makes 14,000 tonnes a year.</figcaption></figure> <p>Retriever Sports, on the Mill Street Ind Est near <a href="/wiki/Slough_railway_station" title="Slough railway station">Slough railway station</a>, is the world's largest manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Darts" title="Darts">darts</a> equipment. <a href="/wiki/Mars,_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars, Incorporated">Mars Limited</a> has a large chocolate factory, run under the name of Effem Holdings Ltd, also in Slough on the enormous <a href="/wiki/Slough_Trading_Estate" title="Slough Trading Estate">Slough Trading Estate</a> which makes 3m Mars bars a day; nearby is <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Controls" title="Johnson Controls">Johnson Controls UK</a> (car seats), and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">ICI Paints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyfilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyfilla">Polyfilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dulux" title="Dulux">Dulux</a>. <a href="/wiki/Horlicks" title="Horlicks">Horlicks</a> is made by GSK there. <a href="/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry" title="Oki Electric Industry">Oki</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">desktop printers</a>) are based next to Mars. <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douwe_Egberts" title="Douwe Egberts">Douwe Egberts UK</a> (and its owner <a href="/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation" title="Sara Lee Corporation">Sara Lee UK</a>), <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="BlackBerry (company)">BlackBerry UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_%26_Decker" class="mw-redirect" title="Black & Decker">Black & Decker Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingres_(database)" title="Ingres (database)">Ingres UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefónica Europe">Telefónica O2 Europe UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reckitt_Benckiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Reckitt Benckiser">Reckitt Benckiser</a> are also in Slough. </p><p>Toyota Material Handling UK (fork lifts) is next door to Slough Heat and Power station. <a href="/wiki/Lonza_Group" title="Lonza Group">Lonza</a> UK makes <a href="/wiki/Biopharmaceutical" title="Biopharmaceutical">biopharmaceuticals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">monoclonal antibodies</a>) on the A4. Honda Motor Europe is at the Langley Roundabout (A4/B470) of the M4 at <a href="/wiki/Brands_Hill" title="Brands Hill">Brands Hill</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Colnbrook_with_Poyle" title="Colnbrook with Poyle">Colnbrook with Poyle</a>, and near the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mother_Reservoir" title="Queen Mother Reservoir">Queen Mother Reservoir</a>; on the opposite side of the M4 in <a href="/wiki/Langley,_Berkshire" title="Langley, Berkshire">Langley</a> (Slough borough) is <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_World_Distribution_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Heathrow World Distribution Centre">Heathrow Worldwide Distribution Centre</a>, and next door is <a href="/wiki/Pentax" title="Pentax">Pentax</a> Ricoh Imaging UK, next to Langley's leisure centre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hovis" title="Hovis">Hovis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Jerry%27s" title="Ben & Jerry's">Ben & Jerry's</a> (Unilever), <a href="/wiki/FM_Global" title="FM Global">FM Global</a> UK (insurance), and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Crucible" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Crucible">Morgan Crucible</a>, are in Windsor; <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo UK</a> is next to the Royal Mews Riding School. <a href="/wiki/Centrica" title="Centrica">Centrica</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Dedworth" title="Dedworth">Dedworth</a>, next to <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Racecourse" title="Windsor Racecourse">Windsor Racecourse</a>. <a href="/wiki/Groupe_SEB" title="Groupe SEB">Groupe SEB UK</a> (owner of <a href="/wiki/Krups" title="Krups">Krups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moulinex" title="Moulinex">Moulinex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowenta" title="Rowenta">Rowenta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tefal" title="Tefal">Tefal</a>) is next to <a href="/wiki/Windsor_%26_Eton_Riverside_railway_station" title="Windsor & Eton Riverside railway station">Windsor & Eton Riverside railway station</a> and near the castle (previously next to <a href="/wiki/Langley_railway_station" title="Langley railway station">Langley railway station</a> until 2012). <a href="/wiki/CA_Technologies" title="CA Technologies">CA Technologies</a> UK is at <a href="/wiki/Ditton_Park" title="Ditton Park">Ditton Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Datchet" title="Datchet">Datchet</a>, home of the former <a href="/wiki/Radio_Research_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Research Station">Radio Research Station</a> until 1979, which discovered the <a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionosphere</a> in the 1920s. Ledco, near B3020/A329 junction in <a href="/wiki/Sunninghill_and_Ascot" title="Sunninghill and Ascot">Sunninghill and Ascot</a>, is the UK distributor of LED Lenser torches, made by Zweibrüder Optoelectronics. <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corel" class="mw-redirect" title="Corel">Corel</a> UK, <a href="/wiki/NSK_Ltd." title="NSK Ltd.">NSK Europe</a> (off the A308 to the north), <a href="/wiki/WW_International" title="WW International">Weight Watchers UK</a> (next to <a href="/wiki/Desborough_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Desborough School">Desborough School</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Rank_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank Group">Rank Group</a> (leisure) are in Maidenhead. </p><p>Further east on the A404(M) is <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a> UK in <a href="/wiki/Cox_Green,_Berkshire" title="Cox Green, Berkshire">Cox Green</a>; other the side of the A404(M) at the Cox Green Interchange (9A), GSK makes <a href="/wiki/Sensodyne" title="Sensodyne">Sensodyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsodyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsodyl">Corsodyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquafresh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquafresh">Aquafresh</a>, and Macleans; <a href="/wiki/Volvo_Cars" title="Volvo Cars">Volvo Cars</a> UK are at Scandinavia House (in Marlow from 1986 to 2012) next to GSK; <a href="/wiki/Nortel" title="Nortel">Nortel UK</a> left in 2009. <a href="/wiki/Sanofi_Pasteur" title="Sanofi Pasteur">Sanofi Pasteur MSD</a> UK (vaccines) is based next to the Maidenhead council offices. <a href="/wiki/Rentokil_Initial" title="Rentokil Initial">Initial Washrooms Solutions</a> is next to the railway station and on the other side of A308 is <a href="/wiki/Hutchison_3G" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchison 3G">Hutchison 3G UK</a>; on the other side of the railway is the <a href="/wiki/Rank_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank Group">Rank Group</a> at the A308 roundabout, in <a href="/wiki/Braywick,_Berkshire" title="Braywick, Berkshire">Braywick</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> have their European HQ on the A4, south of the B4447 roundabout, next to a Sainsbury's. <a href="/wiki/Hanson_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanson plc">Hanson</a> UK is based at the A4/A308 roundabout; Hitachi Europe (with <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Maxell" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitachi Maxell">Maxell Europe</a>) is off the <a href="/wiki/A4094_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A4094 road">A4094</a> on the northern outskirts towards <a href="/wiki/Cookham" title="Cookham">Cookham</a> at Whitebrook Park, with <a href="/wiki/DS_Smith" title="DS Smith">DS Smith</a>, at the former <a href="/wiki/Formica_(plastic)" title="Formica (plastic)">Formica</a> Research Centre. Avery Dennison UK are based to the north off the A308 at <a href="/wiki/Furze_Platt" class="mw-redirect" title="Furze Platt">Furze Platt</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Laboratories" title="Abbott Laboratories">Abbott Laboratories</a> UK (pharmaceuticals) are based on the Vanwall Business Park; nearby is <a href="/wiki/Costain_Group" title="Costain Group">Costain</a>, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare UK (<a href="/wiki/Centrum_(multivitamin)" title="Centrum (multivitamin)">Centrum</a> <a href="/wiki/Multivitamin" title="Multivitamin">multivitamins</a>); <a href="/wiki/Toys_%22R%22_Us" title="Toys "R" Us">Toys "R" Us UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel UK</a> are opposite each other, with <a href="/wiki/Compuware" title="Compuware">Compuware</a> UK. <a href="/wiki/McNeil_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="McNeil Laboratories">McNeil Products</a> (<a href="/wiki/Benylin" title="Benylin">Benylin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benadryl" title="Benadryl">Benadryl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daktarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daktarin">Daktarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudafed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudafed">Sudafed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calpol" class="mw-redirect" title="Calpol">Calpol</a>) is at Foundation Park, next to the Great Western Main Line, in <a href="/wiki/Cox_Green,_Berkshire" title="Cox Green, Berkshire">Cox Green</a>, south of Maidenhead, with other Johnson & Johnson (beauty) brands, and <a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a> UK. <a href="/wiki/Bisham_Abbey" title="Bisham Abbey">Bisham Abbey</a>, on the Thames, is a site of one of the <a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Centres" class="mw-redirect" title="National Sports Centres">National Sports Centres</a>, at the A404/A308 Bisham Roundabout, to the west of Maidenhead. <a href="/wiki/GEO_Group" title="GEO Group">GEO Group</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_transport_vehicle" title="Prisoner transport vehicle">prisoner custody</a>) is off the <a href="/wiki/A4130_road" title="A4130 road">A4130</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hurley,_Berkshire" title="Hurley, Berkshire">Hurley</a>, on the western edge of the district, with <a href="/wiki/Hospira" title="Hospira">Hospira</a> UK, owned by Pfizer. </p><p><a href="/wiki/BG_Group" title="BG Group">BG Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prudential_plc" title="Prudential plc">Prudential plc</a> (the country's biggest <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurer</a> with 7m customers), the <a href="/wiki/Rural_Payments_Agency" title="Rural Payments Agency">Rural Payments Agency</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Guide_Dogs_for_the_Blind_Association" title="The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association">Guide Dogs for the Blind</a> are in Reading. <a href="/wiki/Primark" title="Primark">Primark UK</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Reading_Civic_Centre" title="Reading Civic Centre">Reading Civic Centre</a>, was started by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ryan" title="Arthur Ryan">Arthur Ryan</a> in Ireland; it arrived in the UK in 1973 and has bought many former sites of <a href="/wiki/C%26A" title="C&A">C&A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Littlewoods" title="Littlewoods">Littlewoods</a>. North of the railway line is <a href="/wiki/TP-Link" title="TP-Link">TP-Link</a> UK (routers). Off the A33 towards the Three Mile Cross Interchange (M4) in south Reading is the <a href="/wiki/Green_Park_Business_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Park Business Park">Green Park Business Park</a>, home of Symantec UK (previously in <a href="/wiki/Whitley,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitley, Berkshire">Whitley</a>), many Cisco offices and <a href="/wiki/Thames_Water" title="Thames Water">Thames Water</a> and to the south is the former Berkshire Brewery (closed in April 2010 by Heineken UK) and <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon</a> UK. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interserve" title="Interserve">Interserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mabey_Group" title="Mabey Group">Mabey Group</a>, the bridge manufacturer, are in <a href="/wiki/Twyford,_Berkshire" title="Twyford, Berkshire">Twyford</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bang_%26_Olufsen" title="Bang & Olufsen">Bang & Olufsen UK</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Winnersh" title="Winnersh">Winnersh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Collins" title="Rockwell Collins">Rockwell Collins</a> UK (avionics, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_system" title="Aircraft flight control system">flight control systems</a>), is next to <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Engineering_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobs Engineering Group">Jacobs Engineering UK</a>, at the end of the A3290 near the A4 Sutton Seeds Roundabout, at Suttons Business Park in Earley; on the opposite side of the railway is <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley_Park" title="Thames Valley Park">Thames Valley Park</a>, with Oracle next to <a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING Direct UK</a> in Earley and Microsoft UK in Woodley; The University of Reading's <a href="/wiki/Reading_Scientific_Services" title="Reading Scientific Services">Reading Scientific Services</a> (RSSL) in Earley is Cadbury's main research centre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Foster_Wheeler" title="Foster Wheeler">Foster Wheeler UK</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Shinfield" title="Shinfield">Shinfield</a> in the old headquarters of Berkshire County Council, next to the M4; next door is the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Medium-Range_Weather_Forecasts" title="European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts">European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</a> on the site of the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Shinfield_Park" title="RAF Shinfield Park">former Met Office College</a>. <a href="/wiki/Auto_Trader_Group" title="Auto Trader Group">Auto Trader Group</a> is in nearby <a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Electrical_and_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers">Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers</a> (REME) are based at <a href="/wiki/Arborfield_Garrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Arborfield Garrison">Arborfield Garrison</a>, partly in <a href="/wiki/Barkham" title="Barkham">Barkham</a>, also home of the School of Electronic and Aeronautical Engineering. <a href="/wiki/TAC_(building_automation)" title="TAC (building automation)">Pelco</a> UK is at the Mulberry Business Park in south-west Wokingham. <a href="/wiki/Christie_(audiovisual_company)" title="Christie (audiovisual company)">Christie Digital Systems</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East_and_Africa" title="Europe, the Middle East and Africa">EMEA</a> office) is in the centre. Off the B3430 in <a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Without" title="Wokingham Without">Wokingham Without</a>, <a href="/wiki/McNeil_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="McNeil Laboratories">McNeil</a> have a laboratory, south of district. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_78429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_78429.jpg/220px-Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_78429.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_78429.jpg/330px-Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_78429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_78429.jpg/440px-Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_78429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jealott%27s_Hill_Research_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jealott's Hill Research Station (page does not exist)">Jealott's Hill Research Station</a> (pesticides), former ICI Plant Protection Division.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Syngenta" title="Syngenta">Syngenta UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wincor_Nixdorf" title="Wincor Nixdorf">Wincor Nixdorf</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATMs</a>) are in Bracknell. <a href="/wiki/Boehringer_Ingelheim" title="Boehringer Ingelheim">Boehringer Ingelheim</a> UK is off the A3095 in west Bracknell in <a href="/wiki/Easthampstead" title="Easthampstead">Easthampstead</a>; nearby to the north is <a href="/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a>; to the east along the A3095 is <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic UK</a>; next door to the south is <a href="/wiki/IHS_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="IHS Inc.">IHS UK</a> (owner of <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's Information Group">Jane's Information Group</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Heavy_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyundai Heavy Industries">HHI Europe</a> (construction equipment); further along the A3095 is <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> (GB); BMW sold their first model in the UK in 1966, the <a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series" title="BMW 02 Series">2002</a>, and sold 230,000 cars in the UK, a record amount. In 2017, German car imports to the UK were worth €20.8 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the south on the Southern Ind Est is <a href="/wiki/Daler-Rowney" title="Daler-Rowney">Daler-Rowney</a> (known for its <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_paint" title="Acrylic paint">acrylic paint</a>; Rowney was the first supplier in Europe in 1963. </p><p>On the other side of the A329, towards the B3408, is <a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Worldwide" title="Cable & Wireless Worldwide">Cable & Wireless</a> (the former overseas equivalent of BT); to the west on the <a href="/wiki/Amen_Corner,_Berkshire" title="Amen Corner, Berkshire">Amen Corner</a> Business Park in <a href="/wiki/Farley_Wood" title="Farley Wood">Farley Wood</a> next to the A329 and the <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_to_Reading_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo to Reading Line">railway</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell UK</a>; next door is <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Hewlett-Packard Company">HP UK</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Winnersh" title="Winnersh">Winnersh</a> from the 1970s to 1990s) to the west; <a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M UK</a> is to the north-east, next to <a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Bees" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracknell Bees">Bracknell Bees</a> ice-hockey stadium. <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell UK</a> is on the A329, north of the A322 roundabout at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Square,_Bracknell" title="Arlington Square, Bracknell">Arlington Square</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry Gyroscope</a>), and next door is <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell UK</a> on the A329 at the Skimped Hill Roundabout near the Odeon cinema. <a href="/wiki/Avis_Europe" title="Avis Europe">Avis Europe</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Budget_Rent_a_Car" title="Budget Rent a Car">Budget UK</a>) is further north at the A322/A3095 Met Office Roundabout near <a href="/wiki/Bracknell_and_Wokingham_College" title="Bracknell and Wokingham College">Bracknell and Wokingham College</a>; <a href="/wiki/Imation" class="mw-redirect" title="Imation">Imation</a> UK is next door on the roundabout; south of the roundabout is <a href="/wiki/Netgear" title="Netgear">Netgear</a> UK next to the A3095. To the north, <a href="/wiki/Syngenta" title="Syngenta">Syngenta</a> have their main worldwide (<a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticide</a>) research centre at <a href="/wiki/Jealott%27s_Hill" title="Jealott's Hill">Jealott's Hill</a>, formerly owned by <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">ICI</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Transport_Research_Laboratory" title="Transport Research Laboratory">Transport Research Laboratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broadmoor_Hospital" title="Broadmoor Hospital">Broadmoor Hospital</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Crowthorne" title="Crowthorne">Crowthorne</a> near the Wokingham boundary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Buckinghamshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>High Wycombe is known historically for its furniture industry, and has the Association of Master Upholsterers & Soft Furnishers. <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetra_Pak" title="Tetra Pak">Tetra Pak</a> UK are at Wycombe Marsh on the A40, and <a href="/wiki/Dreams_(bed_retailer)" title="Dreams (bed retailer)">Dreams</a>, the UK base of Ariston (now owned by <a href="/wiki/Indesit" title="Indesit">Indesit</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Sword" title="Wilkinson Sword">Wilkinson Sword</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merisant" title="Merisant">Merisant UK</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staples_Inc." title="Staples Inc.">Staples</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe" title="High Wycombe">High Wycombe</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cofely&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cofely (page does not exist)">Cofely</a> (energy services) and <a href="/wiki/Rank_Hovis_McDougall" title="Rank Hovis McDougall">Rank Hovis</a> are off the M40 Handy Cross Interchange, with <a href="/wiki/The_Perfume_Shop" title="The Perfume Shop">The Perfume Shop</a>, the food technology centre of <a href="/wiki/Premier_Foods" title="Premier Foods">Premier Foods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Instron" class="mw-redirect" title="Instron">Instron</a> Europe (tension testing machines), off the A4010. To the north of the town centre is <a href="/wiki/Sennheiser" title="Sennheiser">Sennheiser</a> UK (audio equipment). <a href="/wiki/RAF_High_Wycombe" title="RAF High Wycombe">RAF High Wycombe</a> (<a href="/wiki/RAF_Air_Command" title="RAF Air Command">Air Command</a>) is at <a href="/wiki/Bradenham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Bradenham, Buckinghamshire">Bradenham</a> on <a href="/wiki/Grim%27s_Ditch_(Chilterns)" title="Grim's Ditch (Chilterns)">Grim's Ditch (Chilterns)</a> off the A4010. To the west of the town, United Biscuits have their group technical centre on Sands Ind Estate, off the A4010, near the rugby ground of <a href="/wiki/Wasps_RFC" title="Wasps RFC">London Wasps</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Match" title="Swedish Match">Swedish Match UK</a> (all their matches are made in Sweden) are in Totteridge. <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson UK</a> have their base at <a href="/wiki/Booker,_Buckinghamshire" title="Booker, Buckinghamshire">Booker</a> next to the <a href="/wiki/M40_motorway" title="M40 motorway">M40</a> near <a href="/wiki/Handy_Cross" title="Handy Cross">Handy Cross</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Janssen-Cilag" class="mw-redirect" title="Janssen-Cilag">Janssen-Cilag</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Imodium</a>); <a href="/wiki/George_Wimpey" title="George Wimpey">Taylor Wimpey</a> is off the A4010, with <a href="/wiki/Focusrite" title="Focusrite">Focusrite</a>, a big industry player in consoles for sound recording, with <a href="/wiki/Novation_Digital_Music_Systems" title="Novation Digital Music Systems">Novation Digital Music Systems</a> MIDI controllers and keyboards. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pilot_(pen_company)" title="Pilot (pen company)">Pilot Pen</a> UK is on the Wessex Road Industrial Estate in <a href="/wiki/Wooburn_and_Bourne_End" title="Wooburn and Bourne End">Wooburn and Bourne End</a>; <a href="/wiki/Psion_Teklogix" title="Psion Teklogix">Psion Teklogix UK</a> is in the middle of <a href="/wiki/Bourne_End,_Buckinghamshire" title="Bourne End, Buckinghamshire">Bourne End</a>, east of Marlow, on the <a href="/wiki/A4155_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A4155 road">A4155</a> (<a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a>, found on most smartphones until 2010, was developed from Psion's <a href="/wiki/EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC</a>); nearby are <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries" title="Kawasaki Heavy Industries">Kawasaki UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a> UK. In <a href="/wiki/Wooburn_Green" title="Wooburn Green">Wooburn Green</a>, to the east off the <a href="/wiki/A4094_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A4094 road">A4094</a> is <a href="/wiki/Menarini" title="Menarini">Menarini</a> UK <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Pharmaceutical_Company" title="Takeda Pharmaceutical Company">Takeda</a> UK (both pharmaceuticals). <a href="/wiki/Wyeth" title="Wyeth">Wyeth UK</a> (pharmaceuticals) is in <a href="/wiki/Burnham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Burnham, Buckinghamshire">Burnham</a>, next to the M4 <a href="/wiki/Huntercombe" title="Huntercombe">Huntercombe</a> Spur junction. <a href="/wiki/Sacl%C3%A0_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saclà Italia">Saclà Italia</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">pesto</a>) is in Beaconsfield; <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnenthal_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Grünenthal GmbH">Grünenthal</a> UK (pharmaceuticals) is off the Stokenchurch Interchange of the M40. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin-Baker_Ejection_Seat_Mk_9B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Martin-Baker_Ejection_Seat_Mk_9B.jpg/180px-Martin-Baker_Ejection_Seat_Mk_9B.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Martin-Baker_Ejection_Seat_Mk_9B.jpg/270px-Martin-Baker_Ejection_Seat_Mk_9B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Martin-Baker_Ejection_Seat_Mk_9B.jpg/360px-Martin-Baker_Ejection_Seat_Mk_9B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Martin-Baker <a href="/wiki/Martin-Baker_Mk.9" title="Martin-Baker Mk.9">Mk 9 ejection seat</a>; Martin-Baker seats have saved around 950 RAF pilots, and around 7600 pilots around the world, and were developed by Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(engineer)" title="James Martin (engineer)">James Martin</a> (1893–1981) from Northern Ireland.</figcaption></figure> <p>The UK base of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Robert Bosch</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Denham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Denham, Buckinghamshire">Denham</a>. <a href="/wiki/Martin-Baker" title="Martin-Baker">Martin-Baker</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Denham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Denham, Buckinghamshire">Higher Denham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/InterContinental_Hotels_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="InterContinental Hotels Group">InterContinental Hotels Group</a> is in Denham Green (formerly in Windsor) at Broadwater Park on the <a href="/wiki/A412_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A412 road">A412</a>. On the edge of Uxbridge, but on the Buckinghamshire side of Shire Ditch in (New) Denham is <a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a> UK (biotechnology), <a href="/wiki/Bristol-Myers_Squibb" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol-Myers Squibb">Bristol-Myers Squibb</a> UK (pharmaceuticals), and <a href="/wiki/Mondel%C4%93z_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondelēz International">Mondelēz International</a> UK (former Kraft); on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Uxbridge_Road" title="Uxbridge Road">A4020</a> in the south of Denham next to <a href="/wiki/River_Colne,_Hertfordshire" title="River Colne, Hertfordshire">River Colne</a>, on the Great London boundary, is <a href="/wiki/Medirest" class="mw-redirect" title="Medirest">Medirest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurest" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurest">Eurest</a>, at the HQ of Compass Group UK. <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer UK</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Poges" title="Stoke Poges">Stoke Poges</a> on the former site of the <a href="/wiki/Fulmer_Research_Institute" title="Fulmer Research Institute">Fulmer Research Institute</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Data_Systems" title="Hitachi Data Systems">Hitachi Data Systems</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East_and_Africa" title="Europe, the Middle East and Africa">EMEA</a> is at Sefton Park (a former Glaxo research centre) on the B416, now home of <a href="/wiki/Urenco_Group" title="Urenco Group">Urenco Group</a> (international <a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium" title="Enriched uranium">uranium enrichment</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/DX_Group" title="DX Group">DX Group</a> (couriers), are next to <a href="/wiki/Muller_Martini" title="Muller Martini">Muller Martini</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">binding</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Cummins_UK" title="Cummins UK">Cummins</a> have a design plant at Rideway Trading Est next to the M25 at <a href="/wiki/Iver" title="Iver">Iver</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood Studios</a> is in Iver Heath; it takes its name as it is next to the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> trees in the 530 acres of <a href="/wiki/Black_Park" title="Black Park">Black Park</a>. <a href="/wiki/Avid_Technology" title="Avid Technology">Avid Technology</a> UK (industry-standard <a href="/wiki/Pro_Tools" title="Pro Tools">Pro Tools</a> audio and <a href="/wiki/Sibelius_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibelius (software)">Sibelius</a> notation software) is also based at Pinewood. Timberland Europe is at Wexham Springs, in Wexham west of Pinewood Studios in the same place is <a href="/wiki/Servier" class="mw-redirect" title="Servier">Servier</a> Laboratories UK and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Chemical" title="Sun Chemical">Sun Chemical</a> Europe (the world's largest producer of printing inks). <a href="/wiki/STMicroelectronics" title="STMicroelectronics">STMicroelectronics</a> UK (French-Italian, based in Geneva), is based next to <a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro" title="Trend Micro">Trend Micro UK</a> (Japanese) on Globeside Park at Marlow, next to the <a href="/wiki/A404_road" title="A404 road">A404</a> and nearby are Expansys and <a href="/wiki/Whistl" title="Whistl">Whistl</a> (former TNT Post UK, part of <a href="/wiki/PostNL" title="PostNL">PostNL</a>), both north of <a href="/wiki/Marlow_railway_station" title="Marlow railway station">Marlow railway station</a>; <a href="/wiki/Techtronic_Industries" title="Techtronic Industries">Techtronic Industries</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Ryobi" title="Ryobi">Ryobi</a> power tools) is on the same estate. <a href="/wiki/Dun_%26_Bradstreet" title="Dun & Bradstreet">Dun & Bradstreet</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Credit_rating_agency" title="Credit rating agency">credit references</a>) is on the A404 bypass at the <a href="/wiki/A4155_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A4155 road">A4155</a> Westhorpe Interchange. <a href="/wiki/GE_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Healthcare">GE Healthcare</a> has its world HQ in <a href="/wiki/Little_Chalfont" title="Little Chalfont">Little Chalfont</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uniq_plc" title="Uniq plc">Uniq plc</a> (bought by <a href="/wiki/Greencore" title="Greencore">Greencore</a> in November 2011) was in Chalfont St Peter, next to the A413 and <a href="/wiki/River_Misbourne" title="River Misbourne">River Misbourne</a>, off the B416 Kingsway Roundabout, next to <a href="/wiki/Citrix_Systems" title="Citrix Systems">Citrix</a> UK; <a href="/wiki/Doro_(telecoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doro (telecoms)">Doro</a> UK (Swedish mobile phones) are off the A413. <a href="/wiki/Bahlsen" title="Bahlsen">Bahlsen</a> UK is in <a href="/wiki/Gerrards_Cross" title="Gerrards Cross">Gerrards Cross</a> off the B416. </p><p>NT CADCAM in <a href="/wiki/Haddenham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Haddenham, Buckinghamshire">Haddenham</a> is the UK distributor of the industry-standard <a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a> CAD software package; <a href="/wiki/Schwartz_(brand)" title="Schwartz (brand)">Schwartz</a> UK (spices) and <a href="/wiki/McCormick_%26_Company" title="McCormick & Company">McCormick</a> UK, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Camp_Coffee" title="Camp Coffee">Camp Coffee</a>, is near <a href="/wiki/Haddenham_and_Thame_Parkway_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Haddenham and Thame Parkway railway station">Haddenham and Thame Parkway railway station</a> off the A418 between Thame and Aylesbury. <a href="/wiki/ACCO_Brands" title="ACCO Brands">Acco UK</a> (stationery), who own Rexel (stationery) and <a href="/wiki/General_Binding_Corporation" title="General Binding Corporation">GBC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pouch_laminator" class="mw-redirect" title="Pouch laminator">pouch laminators</a>), are on the <a href="/wiki/A418_road" title="A418 road">A418</a> in Aylesbury, opposite <a href="/wiki/Aylesbury_College" title="Aylesbury College">Aylesbury College</a>; Askeys have made ice cream cones since 1965 next to the A4157 and Grand Union Canal. Demag Hamilton (owned by <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Heavy_Industries" title="Sumitomo Heavy Industries">Sumitomo</a>) who make <a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">plastic injection-moulding</a> machines, is based on the Triangle Business Park on the <a href="/wiki/A413_road" title="A413 road">A413</a> next to the <a href="/wiki/London_to_Aylesbury_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="London to Aylesbury Line">railway</a> in Stoke Mandeville. At <a href="/wiki/Long_Crendon" title="Long Crendon">Long Crendon</a> is <a href="/wiki/Demag" title="Demag">Terex Demag</a> UK (cranes), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Furukawa_Unic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furukawa Unic (page does not exist)">Unic</a> UK (mini cranes). Arla opened its huge Aylesbury dairy in Aylesbury in 2014, on the A41 Aston Clinton bypass. <a href="/wiki/Arla_Aylesbury" title="Arla Aylesbury">Arla Aylesbury</a> is a fresh milk processing facility with 34 acres; its plastic bottles are made on-site by <a href="/wiki/Alpla" title="Alpla">Alpla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argos_Head_Office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_746762.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Argos_Head_Office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_746762.jpg/220px-Argos_Head_Office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_746762.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Argos_Head_Office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_746762.jpg/330px-Argos_Head_Office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_746762.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Argos_Head_Office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_746762.jpg/440px-Argos_Head_Office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_746762.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Argos head office on Avebury Boulevard in Milton Keynes; Argos was established in 1973 from what was the <a href="/wiki/Green_Shield_Stamps" title="Green Shield Stamps">Green Shield Stamps</a> company and shops, and since 2016 has been owned by Sainsbury's, formerly Home Retail Group.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> is home to many national companies such as <a href="/wiki/Santander_UK" title="Santander UK">Santander UK operations</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Home_Retail_Group" title="Home Retail Group">Home Retail Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argos_(retailer)" title="Argos (retailer)">Argos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homebase" title="Homebase">Homebase</a>), <a href="/wiki/Filtrona" class="mw-redirect" title="Filtrona">Filtrona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingram_Micro" title="Ingram Micro">Ingram Micro UK</a> and BP Oil UK (retail) are in <a href="/wiki/Central_Milton_Keynes" title="Central Milton Keynes">Central Milton Keynes</a>, as is the <a href="/wiki/Network_Rail" title="Network Rail">Network Rail</a> headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Quadrant:MK" title="Quadrant:MK">Quadrant:MK</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rightmove" title="Rightmove">Rightmove</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Park_(civil_parish)#Winterhill" title="Campbell Park (civil parish)">Winterhill</a>. Nearby, on the other side of <a href="/wiki/A5_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A5 road (Great Britain)">A5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loughton,_Milton_Keynes" title="Loughton, Milton Keynes">Loughton</a> is the home of the <a href="/wiki/National_House_Building_Council" title="National House Building Council">National House Building Council</a> (NHBC), the <a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Foundation" title="National Energy Foundation">National Energy Foundation</a>, and the former <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_Bars_and_Clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere Bars and Clubs">Atmosphere Bars and Clubs</a> west of the A5, near Central MK; Leica Geosystems (owned by <a href="/wiki/Hexagon_AB" title="Hexagon AB">Hexagon AB</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_surveying_instruments" title="List of surveying instruments">surveying equipment</a>), on the same estate, is opposite the NHBC, and the <a href="/wiki/Parcelforce" title="Parcelforce">Parcelforce</a> HQ is nearby; to the south of Loughton is <a href="/wiki/Korg" title="Korg">Korg</a> UK (keyboards) and <a href="/wiki/Vox_(musical_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vox (musical equipment)">Vox</a> (originally from Kent, makers of amplifiers), just north of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bowl" title="National Bowl">National Bowl</a>, off Watling Street; to the west of Loughton at the Crownhill Ind Est in <a href="/wiki/Shenley_Church_End" title="Shenley Church End">Shenley Church End</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMC_Corporation" title="SMC Corporation">SMC Pneumatics</a> have their European Technical Centre. The <a href="/wiki/Badminton_England" title="Badminton England">National Badminton Centre</a> is in Loughon Lodge. </p><p>East of the <a href="/wiki/A5_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A5 road (Great Britain)">A5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luminar_Leisure" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminar Leisure">Luminar Leisure</a> is headquartered in Rooksley (<a href="/wiki/Bradwell,_Milton_Keynes" title="Bradwell, Milton Keynes">Bradwell CP</a>). In the north-west, the European HQ of <a href="/wiki/WD-40" title="WD-40">WD-40</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Automation" title="Rockwell Automation">Rockwell Automation</a> UK (former <a href="/wiki/Allen-Bradley" title="Allen-Bradley">Allen-Bradley</a>) are in Kiln Farm, <a href="/wiki/Bradwell_Abbey" title="Bradwell Abbey">Bradwell Abbey</a>; near <a href="/wiki/Sysmex_Corporation" title="Sysmex Corporation">Sysmex</a> UK (healthcare electronics) and Volkswagen Group's National Learning Centre. To the north, <a href="/wiki/Constructa-Neff" title="Constructa-Neff">NEFF UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaggenau_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="Gaggenau Hausgeräte">Gaggenau</a> UK, and <a href="/wiki/BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">BSH Home Appliances</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Wolverton_and_Greenleys" title="Wolverton and Greenleys">Wolverton and Greenleys</a>; opposite is Mars Horsecare UK; Electrolux have their distribution centre next to the WCML and <a href="/wiki/Wolverton_railway_station" title="Wolverton railway station">Wolverton station</a>. </p><p>To the east, near the M1 and the <a href="/wiki/A422_road" title="A422 road">A422</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Linford" title="Great Linford">Great Linford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler UK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">Jeep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a>), <a href="/wiki/Scania_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scania (company)">Scania UK</a> (part of VW), <a href="/wiki/Rohan_(clothing)" title="Rohan (clothing)">Rohan</a> (clothing), <a href="/wiki/Makita" title="Makita">Makita</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Power_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Power tools">power tools</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz UK</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Smart_(marque)" title="Smart (marque)">Smart Cars</a>) are in Tongwell; <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">VAG UK</a> (VW and Audi) is opposite in Blakelands on the north side of the A422 opposite Tongwell Lake. DRS mark exam papers by <a href="/wiki/Electronic_data_capture" title="Electronic data capture">electronic data capture</a> at Linford Wood, south of the A422 and Stantonbury, near <a href="/wiki/Leica_Microsystems" title="Leica Microsystems">Leica Microsystems</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pencil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Pencil Company">Mitsubishi Pencil Company</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Uni-ball" title="Uni-ball">uni-ball</a>) is off the A422 at the B4034 Redbridge Roundabout; <a href="/wiki/H._Bronnley_%26_Co." title="H. Bronnley & Co.">H. Bronnley & Co.</a> (soap) is on the site of a factory used to build the <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">GEC-Marconi</a> <a href="/wiki/AI.24_Foxhunter" title="AI.24 Foxhunter">AI.24 Foxhunter</a> radar in the 1980s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berrill_Building_Entrance_The_Open_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Berrill_Building_Entrance_The_Open_University.jpg/220px-Berrill_Building_Entrance_The_Open_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Berrill_Building_Entrance_The_Open_University.jpg/330px-Berrill_Building_Entrance_The_Open_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Berrill_Building_Entrance_The_Open_University.jpg/440px-Berrill_Building_Entrance_The_Open_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/The_Open_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open University">OU</a> at Milton Keynes.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the south-east of Milton Keynes, <a href="/wiki/The_Open_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open University">The Open University</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Walton_Hall,_Milton_Keynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Walton Hall, Milton Keynes">Walton Hall</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Walton,_Milton_Keynes" title="Walton, Milton Keynes">Walton</a>; BT Development & Training (management) is based at <a href="/wiki/Kents_Hill,_Monkston_and_Brinklow" title="Kents Hill, Monkston and Brinklow">Kents Hill</a>, next to the OU, after it moved from Bletchley Park in 1993; south of the OU is Walton Manor, home of <a href="/wiki/Schering-Plough" title="Schering-Plough">MSD Animal Health</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Intervet</a>, and previously a <a href="/wiki/Hoechst_AG" title="Hoechst AG">Hoechst</a> laboratory). <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull Racing</a> is off the A4146 in Tilbrook, south of the OU; nearby is <a href="/wiki/Jungheinrich" title="Jungheinrich">Jungheinrich</a> UK (forklifts) in <a href="/wiki/Walton,_Milton_Keynes" title="Walton, Milton Keynes">Walton</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bow_Brickhill_railway_station" title="Bow Brickhill railway station">Bow Brickhill railway station</a>, and Yamaha Music Europe; north of Tilbrook on the A4146 is <a href="/wiki/Walker_Greenbank" title="Walker Greenbank">Walker Greenbank</a> (upmarket furnishings). <a href="/wiki/Fisher_%26_Paykel" title="Fisher & Paykel">Fisher & Paykel UK</a> (fridges) are in Kingston, <a href="/wiki/Middleton_(Milton_Keynes_Village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Middleton (Milton Keynes Village)">Milton Keynes Village</a>. Nearby is <a href="/wiki/Duravit" title="Duravit">Duravit</a> UK (bathroom plumbing); in Kingston off the A421 are <a href="/wiki/Alpla" title="Alpla">Alpla</a> UK (plastics), and <a href="/wiki/Koyo_Seiko" title="Koyo Seiko">Koyo</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/JTEKT" title="JTEKT">JTEKT</a>). Just east of the A421, near <a href="/wiki/Wavendon" title="Wavendon">Wavendon</a> and M1 Junction 13, John Lewis, <a href="/wiki/River_Island" title="River Island">River Island</a> and Amazon have large logistics warehouses in the <a href="/wiki/Magna_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna Park">Magna Park</a> distribution centre. </p><p>In the south-west of Milton-Keynes, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemetall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemetall (page does not exist)">Chemetall</a>, a chemical company, is in <a href="/wiki/Denbigh,_Milton_Keynes" title="Denbigh, Milton Keynes">Denbigh West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bletchley" title="Bletchley">Bletchley</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Amplification" title="Marshall Amplification">Marshall Amplification</a>, near Denbigh Roundabout (B4034); <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Rubber_Company" title="Yokohama Rubber Company">Yokohama</a> UK (tyres) is at Mount Farm (<a href="/wiki/Bletchley_and_Fenny_Stratford" title="Bletchley and Fenny Stratford">Bletchley and Fenny Stratford</a>) north of Denbigh West, next to the A5 (<a href="/wiki/Fenny_Stratford" title="Fenny Stratford">Fenny Stratford</a> bypass); to the east of Mount Farm, Kemble and Co. were Britain's last piano manufacturers, until the factory closed in 2009. <a href="/wiki/Holophane" title="Holophane">Holophane</a> Europe make floodlighting on the Mount Farm Ind Est, east of A4146/A5 Caldecotte Interchange; on the west of Mount Farm, on the B4034, Basell Polyolefins UK (part of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/LyondellBasell" title="LyondellBasell">LyondellBasell</a>) make <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> compounds. <a href="/wiki/Domino%27s_Pizza_Group" title="Domino's Pizza Group">Domino's Pizza Group</a> (arrived in the UK in 1985) is in West Ashland near the A5/A421 junction. Suzuki GB is on the A421 near B4034 roundabout at <a href="/wiki/Tattenhoe" title="Tattenhoe">Tattenhoe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shenley_Brook_End" title="Shenley Brook End">Shenley Brook End</a> on the south-western edge. </p><p>Elsewhere in the borough, <a href="/wiki/Welcome_Break" title="Welcome Break">Welcome Break</a> is at the M1 <a href="/wiki/Newport_Pagnell_services" title="Newport Pagnell services">service station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport_Pagnell" title="Newport Pagnell">Newport Pagnell</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> had a factory until 2007 (The existing site is now home to the Aston Martin Works, which focuses on heritage sales, service, spares and restoration operations). The town is also home to a customer centre of car retailer <a href="/wiki/Cazoo" title="Cazoo">Cazoo</a>, located just off the A509/A422 junction at Tickford Roundabout. <a href="/wiki/FCO_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="FCO Services">FCO Services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Government_Communications_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Government Communications Centre">HMGCC</a> is based at <a href="/wiki/Hanslope" title="Hanslope">Hanslope Park</a>, in a rural area 6 mi (9.7 km) north of Central Milton Keynes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hampshire">Hampshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Hampshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">Army</a> have a large <a href="/wiki/Aldershot_Garrison" title="Aldershot Garrison">garrison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military Academy Sandhurst">Sandhurst</a> being nearby. <a href="/wiki/Elica" title="Elica">Elica</a> also make <a href="/wiki/Extractor_hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Extractor hood">extractor hoods</a> in Aldershot, and the European HQ of the <a href="/wiki/Computer_Sciences_Corporation" title="Computer Sciences Corporation">Computer Sciences Corporation</a> consulting firm is based at the A323/<a href="/wiki/A325_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A325 road">A325</a> roundabout. <a href="/wiki/Rentokil_Initial" title="Rentokil Initial">Rentokil Initial</a> have their head office and <a href="/wiki/Pest_control" title="Pest control">pest control</a> division next to <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_railway_station" title="Blackwater railway station">Blackwater railway station</a>, north of the A30, towards Camberley. <a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire" title="Farnborough, Hampshire">Farnborough</a> has many international aerospace companies as well as <a href="/wiki/Sofa_Workshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofa Workshop">Sofa Workshop</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia UK</a>, which had also been a R&D base for <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Siemens_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokia Siemens Networks">Nokia Siemens Networks</a> on the A327, left in 2012; further along the A327 is <a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk UK</a>. </p><p>DKB Household UK (<a href="/wiki/Zyliss" title="Zyliss">Zyliss</a>) is off the <a href="/wiki/A327_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A327 road">A327</a> in North Farnborough; at the A325/A327 roundabout is <a href="/wiki/Parametric_Technology_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Parametric Technology Corporation">Parametric Technology Corporation</a> UK (known for its industry-standard <a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo_Elements/Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="PTC Creo Elements/Pro">PTC Creo Elements/Pro</a> (Pro/ENGINEER) CAD/CAM software) with <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a> UK. <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Local" title="Thomson Local">Thomson Local</a> directory is on the A325 next to <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_(Main)_railway_station" title="Farnborough (Main) railway station">Farnborough railway station</a>, next to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_National_Library" title="Catholic National Library">Catholic National Library</a>; opposite is the design centre for <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> UK (W-CDMA UMTS mobile technology) with <a href="/wiki/Hogg_Robinson_Group" title="Hogg Robinson Group">Hogg Robinson Group</a> UK (its worldwide headquarters are in Basingstoke). BAE Systems with <a href="/wiki/CORDA_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="CORDA (UK)">CORDA</a> is south of the airfield at the Farnborough Aerospace Centre, off the A325/<a href="/wiki/A3011_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A3011 road (Great Britain)">A3011</a> Queen's Roundabout. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> had their UK headquarters at Guillemont Park (former <a href="/wiki/Guillemont_Barracks" title="Guillemont Barracks">Guillemont Barracks</a> until 1997) north of the M3 <a href="/wiki/Minley" title="Minley">Minley</a> Interchange at <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_and_Hawley" title="Blackwater and Hawley">Blackwater and Hawley</a>, until 2009. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ford_Southampton_plant" title="Ford Southampton plant">Ford Southampton plant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Airport" title="Southampton Airport">Southampton Airport</a> and Stoneham Interchange (A335) of the M27, closed in July with production of the Transit moving to the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Otosan" title="Ford Otosan">Ford Otosan</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6lc%C3%BCk,_Kocaeli" title="Gölcük, Kocaeli">Gölcük, Kocaeli</a> (Turkey). <a href="/wiki/Skandia" title="Skandia">Skandia Insurance</a> have their UK base there. <a href="/wiki/Carnival_Corporation_%26_plc" title="Carnival Corporation & plc">Carnival Corporation & plc</a>, the world's largest cruise ship operator, has one of its two headquarters at Carnival House. The <a href="/wiki/Maritime_and_Coastguard_Agency" title="Maritime and Coastguard Agency">Maritime and Coastguard Agency</a> is in the town centre near the A3057. <a href="/wiki/Swatch" title="Swatch">Swatch</a> UK (and <a href="/wiki/Omega_SA" title="Omega SA">Omega</a> UK) are based near <a href="/wiki/Millbrook,_Southampton" title="Millbrook, Southampton">Millbrook Flyover</a> (<a href="/wiki/A33_road" title="A33 road">A33</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Draper_Tools_HQ,_Chandler%27s_Ford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_139718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Draper_Tools_HQ%2C_Chandler%27s_Ford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_139718.jpg/220px-Draper_Tools_HQ%2C_Chandler%27s_Ford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_139718.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Draper_Tools_HQ%2C_Chandler%27s_Ford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_139718.jpg/330px-Draper_Tools_HQ%2C_Chandler%27s_Ford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_139718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Draper_Tools_HQ%2C_Chandler%27s_Ford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_139718.jpg/440px-Draper_Tools_HQ%2C_Chandler%27s_Ford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_139718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>HQ of Draper Tools.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/B%26Q" title="B&Q">B&Q</a> and <a href="/wiki/Draper_Tools" title="Draper Tools">Draper Tools</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Chandler%27s_Ford" title="Chandler's Ford">Chandler's Ford</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prysmian" class="mw-redirect" title="Prysmian">Prysmian</a> Cables & Systems, who make <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">high-tension electric</a> cables (for <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_power" title="Offshore wind power">offshore windfarms</a>), communication cables and <a href="/wiki/Circuit_integrity" title="Circuit integrity">fire-resistant cable</a>, are off the B3037 in Eastleigh, next to a rail servicing plant and the <a href="/wiki/River_Itchen,_Hampshire" title="River Itchen, Hampshire">River Itchen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bacardi" title="Bacardi">Bacardi-Martini</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Camera_Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Camera Exchange (page does not exist)">London Camera Exchange</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> and four miles (6.4 km) north-west, <a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a> (broadcasting infrastructure, at the former technical division of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a>) are based in <a href="/wiki/Crawley,_Hampshire" title="Crawley, Hampshire">Crawley, Hampshire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Adjutant_General%27s_Corps" title="Adjutant General's Corps">Adjutant General's Corps</a> HQ (former <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Pay_Corps" title="Royal Army Pay Corps">Royal Army Pay Corps</a>) is at <a href="/wiki/Worthy_Down_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Worthy Down Camp">Worthy Down Camp</a> off the A34 north of Winchester at <a href="/wiki/Kings_Worthy" title="Kings Worthy">Kings Worthy</a>, since 2012 the home of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defence_School_of_Personnel_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defence School of Personnel Administration (page does not exist)">Defence School of Personnel Administration</a>. To the north-west, the Leckford Estate, with <a href="/wiki/Longstock_Park" title="Longstock Park">Longstock Park</a>, next door provides much of the milk, mushrooms, fruit, honey and free-range chicken for Waitrose; <a href="/wiki/John_Spedan_Lewis" title="John Spedan Lewis">John Spedan Lewis</a>, founder of John Lewis, lived there until his death in 1963. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geograph_2222919_Ordnance_Survey%27s_new_HQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Geograph_2222919_Ordnance_Survey%27s_new_HQ.jpg/220px-Geograph_2222919_Ordnance_Survey%27s_new_HQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Geograph_2222919_Ordnance_Survey%27s_new_HQ.jpg/330px-Geograph_2222919_Ordnance_Survey%27s_new_HQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Geograph_2222919_Ordnance_Survey%27s_new_HQ.jpg/440px-Geograph_2222919_Ordnance_Survey%27s_new_HQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> headquarters at Adanac Park.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Garmin" title="Garmin">Garmin Europe</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Hounsdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Hounsdown">Hounsdown</a> just west of Southampton. Esso has its main UK refinery at <a href="/wiki/Fawley,_Hampshire" title="Fawley, Hampshire">Fawley</a> (the largest refinery, by production, in the UK); north of Fawley is <a href="/wiki/Polimeri_Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Polimeri Europa">Polimeri Europa</a> UK (former <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Synthetic_Rubber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Synthetic Rubber (page does not exist)">International Synthetic Rubber</a>, now owned by <a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a>) off the A326, which makes elastomers. <a href="/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos">Ineos</a>, the third largest chemicals company in the world, is in <a href="/wiki/Lyndhurst,_Hampshire" title="Lyndhurst, Hampshire">Lyndhurst</a> in the New Forest (A35). <a href="/wiki/Roke_Manor_Research" title="Roke Manor Research">Roke Manor Research</a> (founded by Plessey in 1956, and owned since 2010 by Chemring) at <a href="/wiki/Roke_Manor" title="Roke Manor">Roke Manor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Romsey_Extra" title="Romsey Extra">Romsey Extra</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Hawk-Eye" title="Hawk-Eye">Hawk-Eye</a> system in 2001. The <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> have a new headquarters (previously further east in Southampton before 2011) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nursling_and_Rownhams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nursling and Rownhams (page does not exist)">Nursling and Rownhams</a>, off the <a href="/wiki/M271_motorway" title="M271 motorway">M271</a> Nursling Interchange. On the A337 in <a href="/wiki/Mudeford" title="Mudeford">Mudeford</a> in the east of Christchurch is a large BAE Systems radar site (the former <a href="/wiki/Signals_Research_and_Development_Establishment" title="Signals Research and Development Establishment">Signals Research and Development Establishment</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NATS_London_Area_Control_Centre,_Swanwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464744.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/NATS_London_Area_Control_Centre%2C_Swanwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464744.jpg/220px-NATS_London_Area_Control_Centre%2C_Swanwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464744.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/NATS_London_Area_Control_Centre%2C_Swanwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464744.jpg/330px-NATS_London_Area_Control_Centre%2C_Swanwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464744.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/NATS_London_Area_Control_Centre%2C_Swanwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464744.jpg/440px-NATS_London_Area_Control_Centre%2C_Swanwick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464744.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Air_Traffic_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="National Air Traffic Service">National Air Traffic Service</a> headquarters at Swanwick.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Best_Buy_Europe" title="Best Buy Europe">Best Buy Europe</a> is in Hedge End; SPI Lasers make <a href="/wiki/Fiber_laser" title="Fiber laser">fibre lasers</a> for <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fibres</a>; <a href="/wiki/Glen_Dimplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Glen Dimplex">Glen Dimplex</a> have an HQ north of the <a href="/wiki/A334_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A334 road">A334</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chemring_Group" title="Chemring Group">Chemring Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Boskalis_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Boskalis Westminster">Boskalis Westminster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredging</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_Traffic_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="National Air Traffic Services">National Air Traffic Services</a> (NATS) are in <a href="/wiki/Fareham" title="Fareham">Fareham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swanwick,_Hampshire" title="Swanwick, Hampshire">Swanwick</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Financial_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurich Financial Services">Zurich Insurance UK</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Locks_Heath" title="Locks Heath">Locks Heath</a> off the A27 further south at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kite%27s_Croft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kite's Croft (page does not exist)">Kite's Croft</a> Business Park is <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Estée Lauder Companies">Estée Lauder UK</a> and the scrapped South East Regional Control Centre (<a href="/wiki/FiReControl" title="FiReControl">FiReControl</a>). On the opposite side of the A27 on Funtley Ind Est is <a href="/wiki/Eaton_Corporation" title="Eaton Corporation">Eaton Aerospace</a>, who have their Fuel & Motion Control Systems Division (<a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">aerial refuelling</a>, making fuel valves for aircraft), which is the former Abbey Works site of <a href="/wiki/Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey</a> Dynamics (Mechanical Systems) and Plessey Aerospace. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Raymarine_Marine_Electronics" title="Raymarine Marine Electronics">Raymarine Marine Electronics</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/FLIR_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="FLIR Systems">FLIR Systems</a>) off the A27 (near Estée Lauder) at Titchfield is the world's leading leisure <a href="/wiki/Marine_electronics" title="Marine electronics">marine electronics</a> company. <a href="/wiki/T%C3%9CV_S%C3%9CD" class="mw-redirect" title="TÜV SÜD">TÜV SÜD</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Product_certification" title="Product certification">product certification</a>) are next to <a href="/wiki/Gemalto" title="Gemalto">Gemalto</a> UK, who make <a href="/wiki/EMV" title="EMV">chip and PIN cards</a>, at Segensworth between the railway and the M27; further along is <a href="/wiki/The_Cooper_Companies" title="The Cooper Companies">CooperVision</a>, who make contact lenses, and next door is <a href="/wiki/Turbomeca" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbomeca">Turbomeca</a> UK (part of <a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Safran</a>). <a href="/wiki/GE_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Aviation">GE Aviation</a>, on a site which was formerly <a href="/wiki/Folland_Aircraft" title="Folland Aircraft">Folland Aircraft</a> then <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">BAe Aerostructures</a>, has a factory at <a href="/wiki/Hamble-le-Rice" title="Hamble-le-Rice">Hamble-le-Rice</a> which makes <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composites</a> for <a href="/wiki/Airframe" title="Airframe">airframes</a> and racing cars, using products such as <a href="/wiki/Maleimide" title="Maleimide">Bismaleimide</a> resin. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crewsaver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crewsaver (page does not exist)">Crewsaver</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Survitec_Group" title="Survitec Group">Survitec</a>), <a href="/wiki/Covidien" title="Covidien">Covidien</a> UK (owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=VNUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VNUS (page does not exist)">VNUS</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Wickham_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Wickham Laboratories">Wickham Laboratories</a> are off the <a href="/wiki/A32_road" title="A32 road">A32</a> at Fleetlands, (north of Gosport), south of Fareham, and north of <a href="/wiki/DM_Gosport" title="DM Gosport">DM Gosport</a>, which handles the Navy's armaments including <a href="/wiki/Sea_Skua" title="Sea Skua">Sea Skua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_Wolf_(missile)" title="Sea Wolf (missile)">Sea Wolf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurosam" title="Eurosam">Eurosam</a> <a href="/wiki/Aster_(missile_family)" title="Aster (missile family)">Aster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_Dart" title="Sea Dart">Sea Dart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air</a>), and GEC-Marconi <a href="/wiki/Sting_Ray_(torpedo)" title="Sting Ray (torpedo)">Sting Ray (torpedo)</a>. </p><p>Kenwood, owned by <a href="/wiki/De%27Longhi" class="mw-redirect" title="De'Longhi">De'Longhi</a> since 2001, have a factory at <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Leigh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Leigh (page does not exist)">West Leigh</a>, Havant; next-door, Sumika Polymer Compounds (owned by <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Chemical" title="Sumitomo Chemical">Sumitomo Chemical</a>), and Pfizer (former Wyeth Biotech before 2009) have plants on New Lane Ind Est next to the <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Direct_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Direct Line">railway</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_U.K." class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin U.K.">Lockheed Martin U.K.</a> is at the Langstone Technology Park<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> off the A3023, near the A27, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brockhampton,_Hampshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brockhampton, Hampshire (page does not exist)">Brockhampton</a>, near to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_Fire_Detectors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apollo Fire Detectors (page does not exist)">Apollo Fire Detectors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jobsite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jobsite">Jobsite</a> (owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmg::media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmg::media (page does not exist)">dmg::media</a>), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pains_Wessex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pains Wessex (page does not exist)">Pains Wessex</a> (a leading manufacturer of maritime distress <a href="/wiki/Flare" title="Flare">flares</a>); <a href="/wiki/SSE_plc" title="SSE plc">SSE plc</a> have their main southern HQ on the Southmoor Lane Ind Est next door. <a href="/wiki/Paradigm_Secure_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradigm Secure Communications">Paradigm Secure Communications</a> (<a href="/wiki/Airbus_Defence_and_Space" title="Airbus Defence and Space">Airbus Defence and Space</a>) control the UK's Ariane-launched <a href="/wiki/Skynet_(satellite)" title="Skynet (satellite)">Skynet</a> military satellites from former the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Oakhanger" title="RAF Oakhanger">RAF Oakhanger</a> off the <a href="/wiki/A325_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A325 road">A325</a> west of Bordon. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Southwick_House" title="Southwick House">Southwick House</a>, off the B2177 in <a href="/wiki/Southwick_and_Widley" title="Southwick and Widley">Southwick and Widley</a>, is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Defence_School_of_Policing_and_Guarding" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence School of Policing and Guarding">Defence School of Policing and Guarding</a> and the Regimental Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Police" title="Royal Military Police">Royal Military Police</a>. <a href="/wiki/VT_Group" title="VT Group">VT Group</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Hedge_End" title="Hedge End">Hedge End</a>, with VT Education & Skills and VT Flagship based in <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Harbour,_Portsmouth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Harbour, Portsmouth (page does not exist)">North Harbour, Portsmouth</a>. Near the A2030/A27 <a href="/wiki/Farlington,_Hampshire" title="Farlington, Hampshire">Farlington</a> Roundabout in east Portsmouth, Airbus Defence and Space (former Astrium before 2014, and earlier <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Space_and_Defence_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Marconi Space and Defence Systems">Marconi Space and Defence Systems</a>) at Anchorage Park near <a href="/wiki/Hilsea_railway_station" title="Hilsea railway station">Hilsea railway station</a>, make payloads for the <a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo navigation system</a>, at its Broad Oak Works, with <a href="/wiki/SELEX_Elsag" class="mw-redirect" title="SELEX Elsag">SELEX Elsag</a> and BAE Systems on the former <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Airport,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Airport, Hampshire">Portsmouth Airport</a>; GKN Aerospace (former <a href="/wiki/FPT_Industries" title="FPT Industries">FPT Industries</a>) situated at the former make aviation <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing fuel tanks</a>; Atmosphere Control International (former <a href="/wiki/Wellman_Group" title="Wellman Group">Wellman Defence</a> before 2012, and part of TPG Engineering) in Portsmouth make the <a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">air purifiers</a> for the British and French <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarines</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pall_Corporation" title="Pall Corporation">PALL Europe</a> (fluid filtration) is based on the Harbourgate Business Park, on the opposite side of the M27 from <a href="/wiki/Port_Solent" title="Port Solent">Port Solent</a>. Much of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> is based at <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Portsmouth" title="HMNB Portsmouth">HMNB Portsmouth</a> with <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Surface_Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Surface Ships">BAE Systems Surface Ships</a>; <a href="/wiki/Navy_Command_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Command Headquarters">Navy Command Headquarters</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Whale_Island,_Hampshire" title="Whale Island, Hampshire">Whale Island</a>, next to the <a href="/wiki/M275_motorway" title="M275 motorway">M275</a>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Cosham" title="Cosham">Cosham</a>, North <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, with large laboratories in <a href="/wiki/Hursley_House" title="Hursley House">Hursley House</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> UK and <a href="/wiki/Serco" title="Serco">Serco</a> are at Bartley Wood Business Park, off the B3349 (M3 <a href="/wiki/Hook,_Hart" title="Hook, Hart">Hook</a> Interchange), with <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> (13,600 staff in the UK, with 1,200 at the head office); next door is <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Drinks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Drinks (page does not exist)">First Drinks</a>, a whisky distributor owned by <a href="/wiki/William_Grant_%26_Sons" title="William Grant & Sons">William Grant & Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimble_Navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimble Navigation">Trimble Navigation</a> UK (GPS systems) and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise Services">HP Enterprise Services Defence & Security UK</a> (former EDS Defence). The <a href="/wiki/Police_Staff_College,_Bramshill" title="Police Staff College, Bramshill">Police Staff College, Bramshill</a>, the Police's main training centre, is nearby to the north; the <a href="/wiki/European_Police_College" class="mw-redirect" title="European Police College">European Police College</a> (CEPOL, run by <a href="/wiki/Europol" title="Europol">Europol</a>) was at Bramshill until 2014 when it moved to Budapest. <a href="/wiki/Festo" title="Festo">Festo</a> GB (industrial automation, based at <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen am Neckar</a>) is next to the M3 on Ancells Business Park, next to <a href="/wiki/Rohde_%26_Schwarz" title="Rohde & Schwarz">Rohde & Schwarz</a> UK (electronic testing). <a href="/wiki/Vertu" title="Vertu">Vertu</a>, division of Nokia makes luxury phones at <a href="/wiki/Church_Crookham" title="Church Crookham">Church Crookham</a>. <a href="/wiki/CV-Library" title="CV-Library">CV-Library</a> is in Fleet; <a href="/wiki/Conair_Corporation" title="Conair Corporation">Conair Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/BaByliss" class="mw-redirect" title="BaByliss">BaByliss</a> <a href="/wiki/Hair_dryer" title="Hair dryer">hair dryers</a>) are at the nearby Waterfront Business Park. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AA_head_office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780430.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/AA_head_office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780430.jpg/220px-AA_head_office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780430.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/AA_head_office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780430.jpg/330px-AA_head_office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780430.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/AA_head_office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780430.jpg/440px-AA_head_office_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780430.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>The AA's headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Fanum_House" title="Fanum House">Fanum House</a> in Basingstoke.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/The_Automobile_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="The Automobile Association">AA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Wilson_Group" title="Scott Wilson Group">Scott Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genus_plc" title="Genus plc">Genus plc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winterthur_Group" title="Winterthur Group">Winterthur Life</a> are based in Basingstoke. The pharmaceuticals group <a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company" title="Eli Lilly and Company">Eli Lilly UK</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Elanco" title="Elanco">Elanco</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">animal health</a>), is in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_House,_Basingstoke" title="Norfolk House, Basingstoke">Norfolk House</a> in Houndmills east of the <a href="/wiki/North_Hampshire_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="North Hampshire Hospital">North Hampshire Hospital</a>, the main home for Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; also in Houndmills are <a href="/wiki/Fyffes" title="Fyffes">Fyffes UK</a> (next to the railway), and <a href="/wiki/GAME_(retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="GAME (retailer)">GAME Group</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Gamestation" title="Gamestation">Gamestation</a> (formerly in York), which it bought in 2007; <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, a leading worldwide trade publisher with the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Press" title="Pharmaceutical Press">Pharmaceutical Press</a>, is south of A339 and hospital. <a href="/wiki/Thales_Missile_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Thales Missile Electronics">Thales Missile Electronics</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Thorn_EMI" title="Thorn EMI">Thorn EMI</a>) is in central Basingstoke near the A3010/A339 junction, which makes parts for the <a href="/wiki/Brimstone_(missile)" title="Brimstone (missile)">Brimstone</a> missile. <a href="/wiki/Alberto-Culver" title="Alberto-Culver">Alberto-Culver UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shire_(pharmaceutical_company)" title="Shire (pharmaceutical company)">Shire Pharmaceuticals Group plc</a> left the Hampshire International Business Park near <a href="/wiki/Chineham" title="Chineham">Chineham</a> in 2011 and 2017 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the Chineham Business Park is the <a href="/wiki/Gas_safe_register" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas safe register">Gas Safe Register</a> (predecessor <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Registered_Gas_Installers" title="Council for Registered Gas Installers">CORGI</a> was also in Basingstoke), and <a href="/wiki/Hama_Photo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hama Photo">Hama</a> UK (photography equipment); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peek_Traffic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peek Traffic (page does not exist)">Peek Traffic</a>, south of Shire, is one of two companies in the UK that make <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">traffic signals</a>. <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola UK</a>, next-door to Meggitt Sensing Systems, and <a href="/wiki/De_La_Rue" title="De La Rue">De La Rue</a> are on the <a href="/wiki/Viables" title="Viables">Viables</a> industrial estate next to the M3 and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranbourne,_Hampshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cranbourne, Hampshire (page does not exist)">Cranbourne</a>; BD UK (former <a href="/wiki/CareFusion" title="CareFusion">CareFusion</a> UK before 2014) makes <i>Alaris</i> <a href="/wiki/Infusion_pump" title="Infusion pump">infusion pumps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_ventilator" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical ventilator">medical ventilators</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automated_dispensing_cabinet" title="Automated dispensing cabinet">automated dispensing cabinets</a>. De La Rue have a main banknote printing works at Overton Mill in <a href="/wiki/Overton,_Hampshire" title="Overton, Hampshire">Overton</a>, to the west towards the <a href="/wiki/A34_road" title="A34 road">A34</a>, and a holographics factory on the Daneshill industrial estate, in the west of the town; <a href="/wiki/De_Dietrich" title="De Dietrich">De Dietrich</a> UK (kitchen appliances) are near a plant of Thermo Fisher Scientific UK, and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_UK" title="Boeing UK">Boeing Defence UK</a>. Mars Drinks (<a href="/wiki/Flavia_Beverage_Systems" title="Flavia Beverage Systems">Flavia Beverage Systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Klix_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Klix (company)">Klix</a>) is north of the railway, south of Daneshill. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gale_(publisher)" title="Gale (publisher)">Gale Cengage UK</a> are in the east of <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover</a>, off the A3093 on Walworth Industrial Estate; further south are <a href="/wiki/Twinings" title="Twinings">Twinings</a> (who also own <a href="/wiki/Ovaltine" title="Ovaltine">Ovaltine</a>) and to east of the estate is <a href="/wiki/Stannah_Lifts" title="Stannah Lifts">Stannah Lifts</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Schaefer_Group" title="Schaefer Group">SSI Schaefer</a>), next to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petty_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petty Wood (page does not exist)">Petty Wood</a>, owner of the Epicure food brand, with <a href="/wiki/Le_Creuset" title="Le Creuset">Le Creuset</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Cookware_and_bakeware" title="Cookware and bakeware">cookware</a>); <a href="/wiki/Euronics" title="Euronics">Euronics</a> UK is further west. The <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)">Army Air Corps</a> trains at <a href="/wiki/Middle_Wallop_Flying_Station" title="Middle Wallop Flying Station">Middle Wallop Flying Station</a>, off the A343. <a href="/wiki/Britten-Norman" title="Britten-Norman">Britten-Norman</a> (B-N Group) make <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> aeroplanes on the Isle of Wight. The Danish <a href="/wiki/Vestas" title="Vestas">Vestas</a> (former <a href="/wiki/NEG_Micon" title="NEG Micon">NEG Micon</a> before 2004) closed the UK's only wind turbine factory on the Isle of Wight in 2010, and Vestas Technology have a research site in <a href="/wiki/Northwood,_Isle_of_Wight" title="Northwood, Isle of Wight">Northwood</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stainless_Games" title="Stainless Games">Stainless Games</a> developed <a href="/wiki/Carmageddon" title="Carmageddon">Carmageddon</a>. GKN Aerospace at East Cowes make engine <a href="/wiki/Nacelle" title="Nacelle">nacelles</a>, with its <a href="/w/index.php?title=GKN_Aeropace_Composites_Research_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GKN Aeropace Composites Research Centre (page does not exist)">Composites Research Centre</a>, in the former main plant of <a href="/wiki/Saunders-Roe" title="Saunders-Roe">Saunders-Roe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ratsey_and_Lapthorn" title="Ratsey and Lapthorn">Ratsey and Lapthorn</a> make sails at Cowes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kent">Kent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Kent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Electronics,_Intelligence_%26_Support" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support">BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support</a>, next to <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Airport_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rochester Airport (England)">Rochester Airport</a>, manufacture <a href="/wiki/Helmet_mounted_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmet mounted display">helmet mounted displays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">head-up displays</a>; it was GEC Avionics, previously Marconi Avionics and Elliott Flight Automation, and Kent's biggest employer in the 1980s; the display technology originated from acquiring <a href="/wiki/Cintel" title="Cintel">Cintel</a> in 1963; the site was a Shorts factory in the war, and built many <a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">Short Sunderlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_of_Military_Engineering" title="Royal School of Military Engineering">Royal School of Military Engineering</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Medway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham, Medway">Chatham</a> at Brompton Barracks. <a href="/wiki/London_Thamesport" title="London Thamesport">London Thamesport</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Grain" title="Isle of Grain">Isle of Grain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mets%C3%A4_Board" title="Metsä Board">Metsä Board</a> UK (paper) is off the <a href="/wiki/A289_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A289 road">A289</a> near <a href="/wiki/Medway_Tunnel" title="Medway Tunnel">Medway Tunnel</a>, and next to the <a href="/wiki/Universities_at_Medway" title="Universities at Medway">Universities at Medway</a>, Chatham. <a href="/wiki/Sleepeezee" title="Sleepeezee">Sleepeezee</a> (owned by the <a href="/wiki/Simmons_Bedding_Company" title="Simmons Bedding Company">Simmons Bedding Company</a>) is at Conquest Ind Est in <a href="/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a> on the A228 next to the River Medway. <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose</a> UK are on the Gillingham Business Park, off the <a href="/wiki/A278_road" title="A278 road">A278</a> near the A2 Bowaters Roundabout; on other side of A278 is <a href="/wiki/Delphi_Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphi Automotive">Delphi Diesel Systems</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bovis_Homes_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovis Homes Group">Bovis Homes</a> is near <a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Northfleet" title="Northfleet">Northfleet</a> on the B2175, Kimberly-Clark (formerly Bowater-<a href="/wiki/Scott_Paper_Company" title="Scott Paper Company">Scott</a> until 1996) makes <a href="/wiki/Andrex" title="Andrex">Andrex</a> toilet rolls. <a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham Cars</a> manufacturers of British sports cars including the <a href="/wiki/Caterham_7" title="Caterham 7">Caterham 7</a> have their manufacturing facilities in <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a>. <a href="/wiki/Laing_O%27Rourke" title="Laing O'Rourke">Laing O'Rourke</a> is off the A206 in <a href="/wiki/Stone,_Kent" title="Stone, Kent">Stone</a>, east of the Dartford Tunnel on Crossways Business Park, where <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda UK</a> are; in the same building is <a href="/wiki/Forest_Laboratories" title="Forest Laboratories">Forest Laboratories</a> UK (bought by <a href="/wiki/Actavis" title="Actavis">Actavis</a> in 2014), who make <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veno%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veno's (page does not exist)">Veno's</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cough_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cough medicine">cough mixture</a>, the brand was bought from Beechams-GSK in 2011), <a href="/wiki/Sudocrem" title="Sudocrem">Sudocrem</a>, Otomize (<a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisodol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisodol (page does not exist)">Bisodol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">indigestion</a>), made in Dartford; Crosswater (taps and showers) is in <a href="/wiki/Stone,_Kent" title="Stone, Kent">Stone</a>, further along the <a href="/wiki/A206_road" title="A206 road">A206</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Europort" title="Thames Europort">Thames Europort</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bluewater_(shopping_centre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluewater (shopping centre)">Bluewater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenhithe,_Kent" title="Greenhithe, Kent">Greenhithe</a> is the third-largest shopping centre in the UK; it was built on the former <a href="/wiki/Blue_Circle_Industries" title="Blue Circle Industries">Blue Circle</a> <a href="/wiki/Swanscombe" title="Swanscombe">Swanscombe</a> Cement Works, which closed in 1990. <a href="/wiki/South_East_Water" title="South East Water">South East Water</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Snodland" title="Snodland">Snodland</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%2BH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H+H (page does not exist)">H+H</a> UK (aerated concrete) is based at the A25/<a href="/wiki/A227_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A227 road">A227</a> roundabout at <a href="/wiki/Ightham" title="Ightham">Ightham</a>, south of Wrotham; to the east is <a href="/wiki/Geographers%27_A%E2%80%93Z_Street_Atlas" title="Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas">Geographers' A-Z Map Company</a> off the A227 near the <a href="/wiki/Borough_Green_%26_Wrotham_railway_station" title="Borough Green & Wrotham railway station">railway station</a>, near the M26. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aylesford_Newsprint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aylesford Newsprint (page does not exist)">Aylesford Newsprint</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Svenska_Cellulosa_Aktiebolaget" class="mw-redirect" title="Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget">Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mondi_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondi Group">Mondi Group</a>), between the M20 and <a href="/wiki/River_Medway" title="River Medway">River Medway</a>, makes <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a> and is Europe's largest recycler of paper.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rolex" title="Rolex">Rolex</a> since 2010 has had its European headquarters (it moved from <a href="/wiki/Bexley" title="Bexley">Bexley</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Kings_Hill" title="Kings Hill">Kings Hill</a> near <a href="/wiki/West_Malling" title="West Malling">West Malling</a> on the <a href="/wiki/A228_road" title="A228 road">A228</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kimberly-Clark" title="Kimberly-Clark">Kimberly-Clark</a> have their UK HQ there, on the former <a href="/wiki/RAF_West_Malling" title="RAF West Malling">RAF West Malling</a> wartime airfield, near <a href="/wiki/FLIR_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="FLIR Systems">FLIR Systems</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Thermography" title="Thermography">thermal imaging</a>); opposite is the <a href="/wiki/Charities_Aid_Foundation" title="Charities Aid Foundation">Charities Aid Foundation</a> and to the east is <a href="/wiki/Voyages-sncf.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyages-sncf.com">Voyages-sncf.com</a> (former Rail Europe before 2013, who operate <a href="/wiki/InterRail" class="mw-redirect" title="InterRail">InterRail</a>) near the <a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a> council offices. Readers in <a href="/wiki/Teston" title="Teston">Teston</a>, to the south on the A26, are the UK's leading manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">cricket balls</a>. <a href="/wiki/DS_Smith" title="DS Smith">DS Smith</a> Paper (former <a href="/wiki/Rexam" title="Rexam">Bowater</a>-Scott), Britain's largest paper manufacturer is at <a href="/wiki/Kemsley" title="Kemsley">Kemsley</a>, north of Sittingbourne, off the <a href="/wiki/A249_road" title="A249 road">A249</a>/B2005 Grovehurst Road Junction. <a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Neame_Brewery" title="Shepherd Neame Brewery">Shepherd Neame Brewery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a> is Britain's oldest brewer. <a href="/wiki/Brake_Bros" title="Brake Bros">Brake Bros</a> is on the Eureka Business Park, off the <a href="/wiki/A251_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A251 road">A251</a> north of M20 junction 9 in <a href="/wiki/Boughton_Aluph" title="Boughton Aluph">Boughton Aluph</a>; nearby is <a href="/wiki/Coty" title="Coty">Coty</a> <a href="/wiki/Rimmel" title="Rimmel">Rimmel</a> UK (perfumes) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houchin_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houchin (company) (page does not exist)">Houchin</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Tool_Works" title="Illinois Tool Works">ITW</a>), who make <a href="/wiki/Ground_power_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground power unit">ground power units</a> for <a href="/wiki/Airport_apron" title="Airport apron">airport aprons</a>. </p><p>Further south along the M20, <a href="/wiki/Givaudan" title="Givaudan">Givaudan</a> UK (flavourings, former <a href="/wiki/Quest_International" title="Quest International">Quest International</a>, and previously Proprietary Perfume and Flavours, or PPF International) has a 10-acre large plant in <a href="/wiki/Kennington,_Kent" title="Kennington, Kent">Kennington</a>; next-door is Premier Foods (former RHM before 2007, and opened as Batchelors in 1957) on the <a href="/wiki/A2070_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A2070 road">A2070</a> next to the <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Kent" title="River Stour, Kent">River Great Stour</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ashford_to_Ramsgate_(via_Canterbury_West)_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashford to Ramsgate (via Canterbury West) Line">railway</a>, east of the M20; the 16-acre site makes <a href="/wiki/Paxo" title="Paxo">Paxo</a> <a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">stuffing</a>, Savoury Rice, Pasta n Sauce, Bisto, <a href="/wiki/Cup-a-Soup" title="Cup-a-Soup">Cup-a-Soup</a> (introduced in 1972), Vesta curries (launched by Batchelors in 1961), and claims to be the largest dry food manufacturing site in Europe; it now makes <a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Custard" title="Bird's Custard">Bird's Custard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angel_Delight" title="Angel Delight">Angel Delight</a>. Chartham Papers (owned by <a href="/wiki/Arjo_Wiggins" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjo Wiggins">Arjo Wiggins</a>) is the UK's only manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Tracing_paper" title="Tracing paper">tracing paper</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chartham" title="Chartham">Chartham</a>. Kent grows three-quarters of the UK's <a href="/wiki/Bramley_apple" title="Bramley apple">Bramley apples</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins Power Generation</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Acol,_Kent" title="Acol, Kent">Acol</a>, near Manston Airport on the <a href="/wiki/A299_road" title="A299 road">A299</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>, the largest pharmaceutical company in the world and manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Anadin" title="Anadin">Anadin</a>, had its European R&D site in Sandwich until 2012, next to the <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Kent" title="River Stour, Kent">River Stour</a> and <a href="/wiki/A256_road" title="A256 road">A256</a>. Hornby, with Airfix and <a href="/wiki/Humbrol" title="Humbrol">Humbrol</a>, is on the <a href="/wiki/A254_road" title="A254 road">A254</a> on <a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Kent" title="Westwood, Kent">Westwood</a> Ind Est on the southern edge of Margate; the site started out as <a href="/wiki/Tri-ang_Railways" title="Tri-ang Railways">Tri-ang Railways</a> in 1954, becoming Hornby in 1972 when the parent company collapsed, and the last <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling" title="Rail transport modelling">model train sets</a> were made there in 1999; these are now made by a company owned by <a href="/wiki/Kader_Group" title="Kader Group">Kader</a>. Delfinware (owned by <a href="/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc">WPP plc</a>) makes dish drainers off the <a href="/wiki/A259_road" title="A259 road">A259</a> on the Pennypot Ind Estate in <a href="/wiki/Hythe,_Kent" title="Hythe, Kent">Hythe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Megger_Group_Limited" title="Megger Group Limited">Megger Group Limited</a> make electrical test equipment in Dover on the A20; nearby <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Ferries" title="P&O Ferries">P&O Ferries</a> is on the A20 below the <a href="/wiki/Dover_Western_Heights" title="Dover Western Heights">Dover Western Heights</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saga_plc" title="Saga plc">Saga plc</a>, founded in 1959, has a large headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Sandgate,_Kent" title="Sandgate, Kent">Sandgate</a>, next to <a href="/wiki/Folkestone_School_for_Girls" title="Folkestone School for Girls">Folkestone School for Girls</a>, at the A259/B2963 junction. </p><p><a href="/wiki/AXA" class="mw-redirect" title="AXA">AXA</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_pension_scheme" title="Personal pension scheme">PPP</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Tunbridge_Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamberts_Healthcare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamberts Healthcare (page does not exist)">Lamberts Healthcare</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Merck_KGaA" class="mw-redirect" title="Merck KGaA">Merck</a>), based at <a href="/wiki/High_Brooms" title="High Brooms">High Brooms</a>, are a leading manufacturer of vitamin supplements. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J.H._Dewhurst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.H. Dewhurst (page does not exist)">J.H. Dewhurst</a> (founded in 1919) was last based in Tunbridge Wells, until it closed in 2006 (it had in the early 1990s over 1,100 stores nationwide and was Britain's largest butcher). <a href="/wiki/Panini_Group" title="Panini Group">Panini</a> UK are on the <a href="/wiki/A264_road" title="A264 road">A264</a> in the west of Tunbridge Wells. <a href="/wiki/Rotosound" title="Rotosound">Rotosound</a> on the A22 near <a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_railway_station" title="Sevenoaks railway station">Sevenoaks railway station</a> makes <a href="/wiki/Strings_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strings (music)">guitar strings</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salter_Housewares" title="Salter Housewares">Salter Housewares</a> (weighing equipment) is in the east of <a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a> at the A26/B2017 roundabout in <a href="/wiki/Tudeley" title="Tudeley">Tudeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capel,_Kent" title="Capel, Kent">Capel</a>; Adrian Scripps produce apples off the B2017 near the A228 east of Tonbridge. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mini_Cooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mini_Cooper.jpg/220px-Mini_Cooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mini_Cooper.jpg/330px-Mini_Cooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mini_Cooper.jpg/440px-Mini_Cooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>Around 1,000 Minis are made each day in Cowley; BMW bought the plant in 1994 and has made around 3m since 2001; there are 4,500 staff and around ten miles of conveyors; the engines are made at <a href="/wiki/Hams_Hall" title="Hams Hall">Hams Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Warwickshire" title="North Warwickshire">North Warwickshire</a>. </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Oxfordshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell UK">Blackwell UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrocomponents" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrocomponents">Electrocomponents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amey_plc" title="Amey plc">Amey plc</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> as is the BMW plant that builds the Mini. BMW assemble the <a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">MINI</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cowley,_Oxfordshire" title="Cowley, Oxfordshire">Cowley</a>; in the south of Oxford is <a href="/wiki/Unipart" title="Unipart">Unipart</a> and <a href="/wiki/TI_Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Automotive">TI Automotive</a> UK. South of Oxford in <a href="/wiki/Littlemore" title="Littlemore">Littlemore</a>, off the A4074 at the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Science_Park" title="Oxford Science Park">Oxford Science Park</a> is <a href="/wiki/Nominet_UK" title="Nominet UK">Nominet UK</a> (<a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">UK domain names</a>). <a href="/wiki/SAE_Institute" title="SAE Institute">SAE Institute</a> has its world HQ on Littlemore Park off the A4074. <a href="/wiki/Grafton_Group" title="Grafton Group">Grafton Merchanting GB</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buildbase" title="Buildbase">Buildbase</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirebase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirebase (page does not exist)">Hirebase</a>) are on Oxford Business Park in Cowley, with Electrocomponents next to <a href="/wiki/Publishing_Technology_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Publishing Technology plc">Publishing Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell UK">Blackwell UK</a> and Harley Davidson UK; to the south on the side of the B480 is <a href="/wiki/Oxfam_GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxfam GB">Oxfam GB</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxfam_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxfam House (page does not exist)">Oxfam House</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=BT_iNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BT iNet (page does not exist)">BT iNet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TI_Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Automotive">TI Automotive</a>; further north along the B480 at the B4495 junction is <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Education" title="Macmillan Education">Macmillan Education</a>, a leading worldwide publisher of school textbooks, with <a href="/wiki/Genzyme" title="Genzyme">Genzyme</a> UK (owned since 2011 by Sanofi). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ascari_Cars" title="Ascari Cars">Ascari</a> are in Banbury. <a href="/wiki/Kenco" title="Kenco">Kenco</a> coffee is made at <a href="/wiki/Kraft_Foods_Banbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraft Foods Banbury">Kraft Foods Banbury</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Mondel%C4%93z_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondelēz International">Mondelēz International</a> (former Kraft before October 2010) with <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_HAG" title="Café HAG">Café HAG</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carte_Noir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carte Noir (page does not exist)">Carte Noir</a> off A422/A423 roundabout opposite a Tesco; the site was built to make <a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Custard" title="Bird's Custard">Bird's Custard</a> in 1964, by <a href="/wiki/General_Foods" title="General Foods">General Foods</a> who were bought by Kraft in 1990, and claims to be the biggest coffee-production site in Europe; Nestle make much of their coffee in <a href="/wiki/South_Derbyshire" title="South Derbyshire">South Derbyshire</a>. On other side of A422 to Kraft is a manufacturing site of <a href="/wiki/Dematic" title="Dematic">Dematic</a> UK, with Terex MHPS (former <a href="/wiki/Demag" title="Demag">Demag</a> Cranes), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannegiesser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannegiesser (page does not exist)">Kannegiesser</a> UK (industrial clothes washers). On north-east side of Banbury is the large site of <a href="/wiki/Norbar_Torque" title="Norbar Torque">Norbar Torque</a>, who are a main international manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Torque_wrench" title="Torque wrench">torque wrenchs</a>. Next door is a large factory of <a href="/wiki/Barry_Callebaut" title="Barry Callebaut">Barry Callebaut</a> UK, a Swiss manufacturer of cocoa (for Nestle and Cadbury), on the Wildmere Road Ind Est, north of the A422 near the M40 junction 11. Prodrive are on the north of the estate, and <a href="/wiki/ISOFT" title="ISOFT">iSOFT</a> are on the east near the M40. Further north was a main site of Alcan Extrusions (former <a href="/wiki/British_Aluminium" title="British Aluminium">British Aluminium</a>, bought by Alcan in 1982), which closed in 2008. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation" title="Yaskawa Electric Corporation">Yaskawa</a> UK (Motoman <a href="/wiki/Robot_welding" title="Robot welding">robotic welding</a> equipment) is on the Wildmere Ind Est, off the A422 near junction 11; <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rcher" title="Kärcher">Kärcher</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Pressure_washer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure washer">pressure washers</a>) are nearby off the A423. <a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia F1</a> are in the east of Banbury. <a href="/wiki/Hook_Norton_Brewery" title="Hook Norton Brewery">Hook Norton Brewery</a> is to the south-west. <a href="/wiki/Travelodge_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelodge UK">Travelodge UK</a> is at the A418/B4445 roundabout in <a href="/wiki/Thame" title="Thame">Thame</a> next to <a href="/w/index.php?title=CPM_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CPM Group (page does not exist)">CPM Group</a> (the UK's largest <a href="/wiki/Field_marketing" title="Field marketing">field marketing</a> company), with <a href="/wiki/W._Lucy_%26_Co." title="W. Lucy & Co.">Lucy Electric</a> (switchgear) in the east of Thame off the B4012, with the UK site of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Media_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal Media Corporation (page does not exist)">UMC</a> (branded televisions from Slovakia). <a href="/wiki/Kubota_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubota Corporation">Kubota</a> UK, the tractor manufacturer, on the B4445, is the UK market leader of ride-on (diesel) lawn mowers; Kidde Products UK (fire protection) is off the B4012. <a href="/wiki/Renault_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault F1">Renault F1</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Enstone" title="Enstone">Enstone</a>; off B4030 at Enstone Airfield Complex, <a href="/wiki/Airbus_Helicopters" title="Airbus Helicopters">Airbus Helicopters UK</a> (Eurocopter before 2014) is at <a href="/wiki/London_Oxford_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Oxford Airport">London Oxford Airport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agilent_Technologies" title="Agilent Technologies">Agilent Technologies</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Magnex_Scientific" title="Magnex Scientific">Magnex Scientific</a>) make superconducting magnets for NMR applications on the A44 next to the railway at <a href="/wiki/Yarnton" title="Yarnton">Yarnton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Logic" title="Solid State Logic">Solid State Logic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">mixing consoles</a>) is at <a href="/wiki/Begbroke" title="Begbroke">Begbroke</a> on the A44, which has the <a href="/wiki/Begbroke_Science_Park" title="Begbroke Science Park">Begbroke Science Park</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Torus" title="Joint European Torus">Joint European Torus</a> is developing <a href="/wiki/Fusion_power" title="Fusion power">fusion power</a> at <a href="/wiki/Culham" title="Culham">Culham</a> on a <a href="/wiki/RNAS_Culham_(HMS_Hornbill)" title="RNAS Culham (HMS Hornbill)">former airfield</a>. Also on the <a href="/wiki/Culham_Centre_for_Fusion_Energy" title="Culham Centre for Fusion Energy">Culham Science Centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Hampden" title="Clifton Hampden">Clifton Hampden</a> is the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Atomic_Energy_Authority" title="United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority">United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Reusable launch system">re-usable</a> <a href="/wiki/Skylon_(spacecraft)" title="Skylon (spacecraft)">Skylon</a> spacecraft is being developed by <a href="/wiki/Reaction_Engines_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaction Engines Limited">Reaction Engines Limited</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABSL_Space_Products&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABSL Space Products (page does not exist)">ABSL Space Products</a> Culham (owned by <a href="/wiki/EnerSys" title="EnerSys">EnerSys</a>) made batteries for <a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Appleton_Laboratory" title="Rutherford Appleton Laboratory">Rutherford Appleton Laboratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Light_Source" title="Diamond Light Source">Diamond Light Source</a> (built by the <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a>) are on the <a href="/wiki/Harwell_Science_and_Innovation_Campus" title="Harwell Science and Innovation Campus">Harwell Science and Innovation Campus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chilton,_Oxfordshire" title="Chilton, Oxfordshire">Chilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Hendred" title="East Hendred">East Hendred</a>. Harwell has an office of <a href="/wiki/Telespazio_VEGA_UK" title="Telespazio VEGA UK">Telespazio VEGA UK</a> (satellites) and the UK's base of the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA), with the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Space_Applications_and_Telecommunications" title="European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications">European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications</a> and the UK's <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Applications_Catapult" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite Applications Catapult">Satellite Applications Catapult</a>; Rutherford Appleton also has the <a href="/wiki/Central_Laser_Facility" title="Central Laser Facility">Central Laser Facility</a>, the UK's site of research into <a href="/wiki/Inertial_confinement_fusion" title="Inertial confinement fusion">inertial confinement fusion</a> power from the <a href="/wiki/HiPER" title="HiPER">HiPER</a> project. The science cluster is known as Science Vale UK.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Rotherfield_Peppard" title="Rotherfield Peppard">Rotherfield Peppard</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Sonning_Common" title="Sonning Common">Sonning Common</a>, is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnson_Matthey_Technology_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnson Matthey Technology Centre (page does not exist)">Johnson Matthey Technology Centre</a>, which research <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cells</a> (with platinum supplied by <a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_Platinum" title="Anglo American Platinum">Anglo American Platinum</a>, the world's largest producer). <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Turner_(engineer)" title="Stuart Turner (engineer)">Stuart Turner</a> (pumps) is at <a href="/wiki/Henley-on-Thames" title="Henley-on-Thames">Henley-on-Thames</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Ella%27s_Kitchen" title="Ella's Kitchen">Ella's Kitchen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Countax" class="mw-redirect" title="Countax">Countax</a> UK, off the <a href="/wiki/A329_road" title="A329 road">A329</a> at <a href="/wiki/Great_Haseley" title="Great Haseley">Great Haseley</a> (nearer to <a href="/wiki/Great_Milton" title="Great Milton">Great Milton</a>), manufactures Britain's best-selling <a href="/wiki/Garden_tractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden tractor">garden tractors</a>, and distributes <a href="/w/index.php?title=ECHO_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECHO (company) (page does not exist)">ECHO</a> (Japanese) power tools; to the south off the B480, Martin-Baker test ejector seats at Martin Baker Aerospace Chalgrove. <a href="/wiki/Castrol_Technology_Centre" title="Castrol Technology Centre">Castrol Technology Centre</a> is towards the Thames. South of <a href="/wiki/RAF_Benson" title="RAF Benson">RAF Benson</a> off the A4074 at <a href="/wiki/Howbery_Park" title="Howbery Park">Howbery Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crowmarsh" title="Crowmarsh">Crowmarsh</a> is HR Wallingford (former <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics_Research_Station" title="Hydraulics Research Station">Hydraulics Research Station</a>) and further south along the Thames is <a href="/wiki/CAB_International" title="CAB International">CAB International</a> (agricultural research). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Williams_F1_at_Grove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Williams_F1_at_Grove.jpg/220px-Williams_F1_at_Grove.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Williams_F1_at_Grove.jpg/330px-Williams_F1_at_Grove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Williams_F1_at_Grove.jpg/440px-Williams_F1_at_Grove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Williams F1 at Grove, next to the Great Western Main Line and A338, north of Wantage.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/RM_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="RM Education">RM Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Lab" title="Kaspersky Lab">Kaspersky Lab UK</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Achilles_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achilles (company) (page does not exist)">Achilles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_risk_management" title="Supply chain risk management">supply chain risk management</a>, international HQ), <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a> (publisher), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chroma_Therapeutics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chroma Therapeutics (page does not exist)">Chroma Therapeutics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smeg_(appliances)" title="Smeg (appliances)">Smeg UK</a> are at <a href="/wiki/Milton_Park" title="Milton Park">Milton Park</a>. The former <a href="/wiki/Esso_Research_Centre" title="Esso Research Centre">Esso Research Centre</a> at Milton Hill is now the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Infineum" title="Infineum">Infineum</a>, a division of Esso and Shell which researches <a href="/wiki/Oil_additive" title="Oil additive">oil additives</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowse_Honey" title="Rowse Honey">Rowse Honey</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Wallingford,_Oxfordshire" title="Wallingford, Oxfordshire">Wallingford</a>. All parachute training for the RAF and Army takes place at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Brize_Norton" title="RAF Brize Norton">RAF Brize Norton</a>; the RAF 's refuelling force (<a href="/wiki/No._10_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 10 Squadron RAF">10 Sqn</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._101_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 101 Squadron RAF">101 Sqn</a>) operate the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330_MRTT" title="Airbus A330 MRTT">Voyager</a>, the RAF's largest aircraft, a converted <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330" title="Airbus A330">Airbus A330</a> which carries 111 tonnes of fuel; they also operate the twice-weekly air-bridge to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Mount_Pleasant" title="RAF Mount Pleasant">RAF Mount Pleasant</a>; Brize Norton has 24 <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a>, 8 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemasters</a> (<a href="/wiki/No._99_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 99 Squadron RAF">99 Sqn</a>), 8 Voyagers (the replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_VC10" title="Vickers VC10">VC-10</a>), and one <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A400M_Atlas" title="Airbus A400M Atlas">A400M</a> Atlas (the future replacement for the Hercules). The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_(animal_charity)" title="Blue Cross (animal charity)">Blue Cross</a> animal charity are further north on the B4020. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siemens_Magnet_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siemens Magnet Technology (page does not exist)">Siemens Magnet Technology</a> (former Oxford Magnet Technology), the main provider of <a href="/wiki/Superconducting_magnet" title="Superconducting magnet">superconducting</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_electromagnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of electromagnetism">magnets</a> (30% of the world's market) for <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">MRI</a> scanners, is in <a href="/wiki/Eynsham" title="Eynsham">Eynsham</a>; in Witney is <a href="/wiki/Wychwood_Brewery" title="Wychwood Brewery">Wychwood Brewery</a> (owned by Marstons) which makes Hobgoblin, and brews <a href="/wiki/Brakspear_Brewery" title="Brakspear Brewery">Brakspear Brewery</a> (formerly of Henley until 2002). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_Products&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford Products (page does not exist)">Oxford Products</a>, off the B4047 west of Witney, make cycle and motorcycle safety products, with <a href="/wiki/Abbott_Laboratories" title="Abbott Laboratories">Abbott Diabetes Care</a> and Corndell Furniture at <a href="/wiki/River_Windrush" title="River Windrush">Windrush</a> Park. JSP are market leaders in industrial head protection, based next to the <a href="/wiki/River_Windrush" title="River Windrush">River Windrush</a> at <a href="/wiki/Worsham,_Oxfordshire" title="Worsham, Oxfordshire">Worsham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asthall" title="Asthall">Asthall</a> west of Witney. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Grand Prix Engineering">Williams Grand Prix Engineering</a> is based at <a href="/wiki/Grove,_Oxfordshire" title="Grove, Oxfordshire">Grove</a> on the A338 north of Wantage. Towards Wiltshire, the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Academy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Academy of the United Kingdom">Defence Academy of the United Kingdom</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Shrivenham" title="Shrivenham">Shrivenham</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Academy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Academy of the United Kingdom">Defence School of Languages</a> (previously at <a href="/wiki/Wilton_Park_Estate" title="Wilton Park Estate">Wilton Park</a> north of the M40 Beaconsfield Interchange), and the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Services_Command_and_Staff_College" title="Joint Services Command and Staff College">Joint Services Command and Staff College</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Watchfield" title="Watchfield">Watchfield</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrey">Surrey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Surrey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a> Insurance has its UK headquarters in Guildford as do <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive" title="Colgate-Palmolive">Colgate-Palmolive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constellation_Brands" title="Constellation Brands">Constellation Brands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> (formerly in Chertsey before 2008), <a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cyclists%27_Touring_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclists' Touring Club">CTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">Surrey Satellite Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avaya" title="Avaya">Avaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dennis" title="Alexander Dennis">Alexander Dennis</a> is off the <a href="/wiki/A320_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A320 road">A320</a> at <a href="/wiki/Worplesdon" title="Worplesdon">Worplesdon</a> on the north of Guildford on the <a href="/wiki/Slyfield_Industrial_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Slyfield Industrial Estate">Slyfield Industrial Estate</a>, towards <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Well,_Surrey" title="Jacobs Well, Surrey">Jacobs Well</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lionhead_Studios" title="Lionhead Studios">Lionhead Studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Digital_Intelligence" title="BAE Systems Digital Intelligence">BAE Systems Digital Intelligence</a> are near the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Surrey_County_Hospital" title="Royal Surrey County Hospital">Royal Surrey County Hospital</a>. <a href="/wiki/BOC_(company)" title="BOC (company)">BOC</a> are also in Guildford. <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mullard_Space_Science_Laboratory" title="Mullard Space Science Laboratory">Mullard Space Science Laboratory</a> is high in the <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Hills_AONB" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrey Hills AONB">Surrey Hills</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6venpick_Ice_Cream" title="Mövenpick Ice Cream">Mövenpick Ice Cream</a> is off the A248 at <a href="/wiki/St_Martha,_Surrey" title="St Martha, Surrey">St Martha</a>, to the east of Guildford; <a href="/wiki/Vivid_Imaginations" title="Vivid Imaginations">Vivid Imaginations</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Artington" title="Artington">Artington</a> to the south, own the UK rights to <a href="/wiki/Crayola" title="Crayola">Crayola</a>. The former company, now owned by the <a href="/wiki/Linde_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Linde Group">Linde Group</a>, was based in <a href="/wiki/Windlesham" title="Windlesham">Windlesham</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Car_Auctions" class="mw-redirect" title="British Car Auctions">British Car Auctions</a> is on the A325 in <a href="/wiki/Farnham" title="Farnham">Farnham</a>. Motor company <a href="/wiki/McLaren_Group" title="McLaren Group">McLaren</a> and <a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren Automotive</a> are based at the <a href="/wiki/McLaren_Technology_Centre" title="McLaren Technology Centre">McLaren Technology Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a> as are the UK base of <a href="/wiki/Yum!_Brands" title="Yum! Brands">Yum Restaurants</a> (owner of <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a>), <a href="/wiki/SABMiller" title="SABMiller">SABMiller</a>, <a href="/wiki/BIW_Technologies" title="BIW Technologies">BIW Technologies</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capgemini" title="Capgemini">Capgemini</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISS_A/S" title="ISS A/S">ISS</a> is next to the railway on the Sheerwater Ind Est. In the south of <a href="/wiki/Woodham,_Surrey" title="Woodham, Surrey">Woodham</a>, next to the Basingstoke Canal, is <a href="/wiki/Playtex" title="Playtex">Playtex</a>, and to the east is Fernox (water treatment, owned by <a href="/wiki/Alent" title="Alent">Alent</a>) Towards Woking along the railway is <a href="/wiki/Pirbright" title="Pirbright">Pirbright</a> (home of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Animal_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Animal Health">Pirbright Institute</a>), where <a href="/wiki/Merial" class="mw-redirect" title="Merial">Merial Animal Health</a> also make vaccines. <a href="/wiki/Tupperware" title="Tupperware">Tupperware</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Knaphill" title="Knaphill">Knaphill</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheilas%27_Wheels_-_geograph.org.uk_-_721120.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sheilas%27_Wheels_-_geograph.org.uk_-_721120.jpg/220px-Sheilas%27_Wheels_-_geograph.org.uk_-_721120.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sheilas%27_Wheels_-_geograph.org.uk_-_721120.jpg/330px-Sheilas%27_Wheels_-_geograph.org.uk_-_721120.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sheilas%27_Wheels_-_geograph.org.uk_-_721120.jpg/440px-Sheilas%27_Wheels_-_geograph.org.uk_-_721120.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Sheilas' Wheels outside the head office of esure in Reigate; esure was started by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wood_(businessman)" title="Peter Wood (businessman)">Peter Wood</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Friends_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends Life">Friends Life</a> have an office in the north of Dorking in the former HQ of Friends Provident and <a href="/wiki/Kuoni_Travel" title="Kuoni Travel">Kuoni Travel</a> are on the former <a href="/wiki/Deepdene_House_and_Gardens" title="Deepdene House and Gardens">Deepdene</a> estate. <a href="/wiki/Kimberly-Clark" title="Kimberly-Clark">Kimberly-Clark</a> is in the north of <a href="/wiki/Reigate" title="Reigate">Reigate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Esure" title="Esure">Esure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheilas%27_Wheels" title="Sheilas' Wheels">Sheilas' Wheels</a> is on the A25 south of <a href="/wiki/Reigate_College" title="Reigate College">Reigate College</a>; <a href="/wiki/Canon_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (company)">Canon</a> is to the south in <a href="/wiki/Woodhatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodhatch">Woodhatch</a>. <a href="/wiki/SGN_(company)" title="SGN (company)">SGN</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Horley" title="Horley">Horley</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bristow_Helicopters" title="Bristow Helicopters">Bristow Helicopters</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Redhill,_Surrey" title="Redhill, Surrey">Redhill</a> and the food research centre <a href="/wiki/Brewing_Industry_Research_Foundation" title="Brewing Industry Research Foundation">Campden-BRI</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Nutfield,_Surrey" title="Nutfield, Surrey">Nutfield</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cubic_Corporation" title="Cubic Corporation">Cubic</a> is on the Perrywood Business Park south of Redhill, next door is <a href="/wiki/Rapiscan_Systems" title="Rapiscan Systems">Rapiscan Systems</a>. </p><p>In the area straddling the <a href="/wiki/M25_motorway" title="M25 motorway">M25</a>, the huge <a href="/wiki/Compass_Group" title="Compass Group">Compass Group</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a> as is <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Group">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Siemon_Company" title="The Siemon Company">Siemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crest_Nicholson" title="Crest Nicholson">Crest Nicholson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kone" title="Kone">Kone</a>, <a href="/wiki/IWG_plc" title="IWG plc">IWG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Britax" title="Britax">Britax</a>. <a href="/wiki/Papa_John%27s_Pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa John's Pizza">Papa John's Pizza</a> is off the A320 near the M25; <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a> is on the B375. <a href="/wiki/Juniper_Networks" title="Juniper Networks">Juniper Networks</a> is off the B3121), <a href="/wiki/Pandrol" title="Pandrol">Pandrol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Caribbean_Group" title="Royal Caribbean Group">Royal Caribbean Group</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Addlestone" title="Addlestone">Addlestone</a>; at Hamm Moor (in the east of Addlestone) on the A317 and Weybridge Business Park is <a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales Group</a> and the UK corporate headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, who have another base in Camberley; further west along the A317 is Aviator Park, on the B3121, a former main research site of <a href="/wiki/Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey</a> Radar, later GEC Marconi. </p><p>Near <a href="/wiki/Weybridge" title="Weybridge">Weybridge</a> are the UK headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> with <a href="/wiki/SSP_Group" title="SSP Group">SSP Group</a> (situated in <a href="/wiki/Byfleet" title="Byfleet">Byfleet</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a> (next door to each other on The Heights Business Park near the former <a href="/wiki/Brooklands" title="Brooklands">Brooklands</a> racing circuit) with <a href="/wiki/Kia" title="Kia">Kia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Geo-Services" title="Petroleum Geo-Services">Petroleum Geo-Services</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gallaher_Group" title="Gallaher Group">Gallaher Group</a> to the north, next to the Brooklands Museum; to the east is <a href="/wiki/Verint_Systems" title="Verint Systems">Verint Systems</a> on the B374. In Weybridge are the local newspaper group <a href="/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company" title="Yamaha Motor Company">Yamaha</a>; <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Regional_Aircraft" title="BAE Systems Regional Aircraft">BAE Systems Regional Aircraft</a> is on the Brooklands Ind Park off the <a href="/wiki/A318_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A318 road">A318</a> (since 2001 it has no longer manufactured). On Sprint Ind Est in Byfleet, west of Weybridge, off the A318, <a href="/wiki/AIM_Altitude" title="AIM Altitude">AIM Altitude</a> (former Henshalls) make cabin <a href="/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">galleys</a> for airliners. The Central Veterinary Laboratory, which is run by the <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_Laboratories_Agency" title="Veterinary Laboratories Agency">Veterinary Laboratories Agency</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Agency" title="Animal and Plant Health Agency">Animal and Plant Health Agency</a>, is in <a href="/wiki/New_Haw" title="New Haw">New Haw</a> to the west on the other side of the M25. <a href="/wiki/Mouchel" title="Mouchel">Mouchel</a> is in <a href="/wiki/West_Byfleet" title="West Byfleet">West Byfleet</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Air_Products" title="Air Products">Air Products</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Walton-on-Thames" title="Walton-on-Thames">Walton-on-Thames</a>. <a href="/wiki/Atkins_(company)" title="Atkins (company)">Atkins</a>, the civil engineering company, and are in <a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sartorius_AG" title="Sartorius AG">Sartorius</a> is to the north off the B284 next to the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_%26_Mole_Valley_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton & Mole Valley lines">railway</a>; <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> (towards <a href="/wiki/Banstead" title="Banstead">Banstead</a>) is on the <a href="/wiki/A240_road" title="A240 road">A240</a> at the B284 junction at Great Burgh, <a href="/wiki/Tattenham_Corner" title="Tattenham Corner">Tattenham Corner</a>, at the site of the former R&D HQ of <a href="/wiki/SmithKline_Beecham" class="mw-redirect" title="SmithKline Beecham">SmithKline Beecham</a> (Beecham Pharmaceuticals) from 1979 until the mid-1990s before their research centre moved to Harlow; Toyota arrived in the UK in 1965 with its <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Corona" title="Toyota Corona">Corona</a>, and have made 3m cars in the UK. <a href="/wiki/Legal_%26_General" title="Legal & General">Legal & General</a> have their largest office near <a href="/wiki/Kingswood_railway_station" title="Kingswood railway station">Kingswood railway station</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dairy_Crest" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy Crest">Dairy Crest</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Esher" title="Esher">Esher</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan Publishing</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Hersham" title="Hersham">Hersham</a>. SHL Group (former Saville & Holdsworth) is just to the north-east at <a href="/wiki/Thames_Ditton" title="Thames Ditton">Thames Ditton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Samaritans_(charity)" title="Samaritans (charity)">Samaritans</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Ewell" title="Ewell">Ewell</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ann_Summers" title="Ann Summers">Ann Summers</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Whyteleafe" title="Whyteleafe">Whyteleafe</a> near <a href="/wiki/Caterham" title="Caterham">Caterham</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham Cars</a> sales and marketing offices are in <a href="/wiki/Caterham" title="Caterham">Caterham</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swiftcover" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiftcover">Swiftcover</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Axa" title="Axa">Axa</a>) is on the <a href="/wiki/A307_road" title="A307 road">A307</a> in the west of <a href="/wiki/Cobham,_Surrey" title="Cobham, Surrey">Cobham</a>; further to west on the A245 is <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Group_Holdings" title="Berkeley Group Holdings">Berkeley Group Holdings</a>, and Europa Technologies (digital mapping data) is on the A245 opposite Waitrose; <a href="/wiki/Cargill" title="Cargill">Cargill Europe</a> is on the eastern edge. <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a> is at Walton Oaks (the former R&D HQ of Beecham Pharmaceuticals until 1979) next to the B2032 bridge over the M25 at <a href="/wiki/Walton-on-the-Hill" title="Walton-on-the-Hill">Walton-on-the-Hill</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/BAM_Nuttall" title="BAM Nuttall">BAM Nuttall</a> (opposite <a href="/wiki/Camberley_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Camberley Theatre">Camberley Theatre</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Krispy_Kreme" title="Krispy Kreme">Krispy Kreme</a> (south of the M3 near junction 4 on Albany Park) are in <a href="/wiki/Camberley" title="Camberley">Camberley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Laval" title="Alfa Laval">Alfa Laval</a> is on the Yorktown Ind Est, in York Town off the A331 near <a href="/wiki/Stihl" title="Stihl">Stihl</a> with a technical centre of Toshiba on the other side of the A331; to the south on <a href="/wiki/Watchmoor" title="Watchmoor">Watchmoor</a> Park off the A331 are <a href="/wiki/Adaptec" title="Adaptec">Adaptec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluor_Corporation" title="Fluor Corporation">Fluor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zodiac_Aerospace" title="Zodiac Aerospace">Zodiac Aerospace</a>. Further south in <a href="/wiki/Frimley_Green" title="Frimley Green">Frimley Green</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Leisure_Complex" title="Lakeside Leisure Complex">Lakeside Leisure Complex</a>, between the B3411 and the railway is <a href="/wiki/SC_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="SC Johnson">SC Johnson</a> and its <i><a href="/wiki/Glade_(brand)" title="Glade (brand)">Glade</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Air_freshener" title="Air freshener">air freshener</a> factory. Opposite Albany Park over the A331 is Frimley Business Park, with <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">Advanced Micro Devices</a>, off M3 junction 4 next to the A331; nearby is <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a> Pharmaceuticals UK (Sandoz) and <a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon</a>. Further along the A325 towards Frimley at the B311 roundabout is <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> (the former site of Marconi Command & Control Systems, then BAE Systems Insyte). <a href="/wiki/Frimley" title="Frimley">Frimley</a> has <a href="/wiki/Amer_Sports" title="Amer Sports">Amer Sports</a> (the world's largest sporting equipment manufacturer) on the B3411 Lyon Way Ind Estate, with <a href="/wiki/VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zoggs" title="Zoggs">Zoggs</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Lightwater" title="Lightwater">Lightwater</a>, near the M3 <a href="/wiki/Bagshot" title="Bagshot">Bagshot</a> Interchange. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Service_station,_Teignmouth_Road,_Torquay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1716787.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Service_station%2C_Teignmouth_Road%2C_Torquay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1716787.jpg/220px-Service_station%2C_Teignmouth_Road%2C_Torquay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1716787.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Service_station%2C_Teignmouth_Road%2C_Torquay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1716787.jpg/330px-Service_station%2C_Teignmouth_Road%2C_Torquay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1716787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Service_station%2C_Teignmouth_Road%2C_Torquay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1716787.jpg/440px-Service_station%2C_Teignmouth_Road%2C_Torquay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1716787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a> is based in Leatherhead; Esso have around 1,100 petrol stations in the UK - 14% of all stations, and pays around £7bn in UK tax, and own the <a href="/wiki/Brent_Crude" title="Brent Crude">Brent</a> oil field; the site is also the worldwide base of ExxonMobil Aviation Fuels and Marine.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a>), part of the largest oil company in the world, is in the east of <a href="/wiki/Leatherhead" title="Leatherhead">Leatherhead</a>, next to the M25 towards <a href="/wiki/Ashtead" title="Ashtead">Ashtead</a> at ExxonMobil House, off the A24. In the town the <a href="/wiki/Wates_Group" title="Wates Group">Wates Group</a> nearby, <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever Bestfoods</a> (in Crawley before 2008), and to the south is <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dyas" title="Robert Dyas">Robert Dyas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Puma_(brand)" title="Puma (brand)">Puma</a> is east of Unilever near the M25 and <a href="/wiki/A243_road" title="A243 road">A243</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harsco" class="mw-redirect" title="Harsco">Harsco</a> is off the B2430. On the B2122 in Fetcham, to the west of Leatherhead, is the UK division of <a href="/wiki/Carrier_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier Corporation">Carrier</a>, the world leaders (and originators) of <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowlett_Rutland" title="Rowlett Rutland">Rowlett Rutland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Bookham" title="Great Bookham">Bookham</a> is Britain's only manufacturer of (commercial-size) <a href="/wiki/Toaster" title="Toaster">toasters</a>, next to <a href="/wiki/Bookham_railway_station" title="Bookham railway station">Bookham railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photo-Me_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo-Me International">Photo-Me International</a>. Leatherhead Food International moved to Epsom in the mid-2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> has its international headquarters in central London, most of its UK division (chemicals and energy) with <a href="/wiki/Air_BP" title="Air BP">Air BP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aviation_fuel" title="Aviation fuel">aviation fuel</a>) is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Sunbury-on-Thames" title="Sunbury-on-Thames">Sunbury-on-Thames</a>, and the UK's third largest company by stock market value; nearby is <a href="/wiki/Kingston_Technology" title="Kingston Technology">Kingston Technology Europe</a> (the world's second largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a>), just inside the Surrey boundary; <a href="/wiki/ADT_Inc." title="ADT Inc.">ADT</a> is at the end of the M3 in Sunbury, and <a href="/wiki/Chubb_Fire_%26_Security" title="Chubb Fire & Security">Chubb</a> is on the other side of the roundabout, and M3. <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Rent-a-Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise Rent-a-Car">Enterprise Rent-a-Car</a> is near <a href="/wiki/Thorpe,_Surrey" title="Thorpe, Surrey">Thorpe</a>, near to <a href="/wiki/Cemex" title="Cemex">Cemex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Park" title="Thorpe Park">Thorpe Park</a> (situated on a series of former <a href="/wiki/Gravel_pit" title="Gravel pit">gravel pits</a>). <a href="/wiki/Shepperton_Studios" title="Shepperton Studios">Shepperton Studios</a> is next to <a href="/wiki/Littleton,_Spelthorne" title="Littleton, Spelthorne">Littleton</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Del_Monte_Foods" title="Del Monte Foods">Del Monte Foods</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Staines-upon-Thames" title="Staines-upon-Thames">Staines-upon-Thames</a> on the side of the <a href="/wiki/A30_road" title="A30 road">A30</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalkia" title="Dalkia">Dalkia</a> is on the A308; <a href="/wiki/British_Gas" title="British Gas">British Gas</a> is on the A308 in Pooley Green nearby to the west, with <a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a> at Lotus Park, next to <a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company" title="Dow Chemical Company">Dow Chemical</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Group" title="Kerry Group">Kerry Foods</a> are based on the B388, east of the M25, in the south end of Pooley Green at <a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Lea" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorpe Lea">Thorpe Lea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Videoscape" title="Cisco Videoscape">Cisco Videoscape</a>, on the A308 in Birch Green. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sussex">Sussex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sussex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Atlantic_HQ,_Manor_Royal,_Crawley.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Virgin_Atlantic_HQ%2C_Manor_Royal%2C_Crawley.JPG/220px-Virgin_Atlantic_HQ%2C_Manor_Royal%2C_Crawley.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Virgin_Atlantic_HQ%2C_Manor_Royal%2C_Crawley.JPG/330px-Virgin_Atlantic_HQ%2C_Manor_Royal%2C_Crawley.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Virgin_Atlantic_HQ%2C_Manor_Royal%2C_Crawley.JPG/440px-Virgin_Atlantic_HQ%2C_Manor_Royal%2C_Crawley.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Virgin Atlantic on Manor Royal in Crawley; Virgin has 12 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">747s</a> compared to BA's 56, but both have around 18 of the new <a href="/wiki/Airbus_380" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus 380">Airbus 380</a>; Gatwick now flies 40 million passengers a year, a world record for a single-runway airport.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">RSPCA</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/A24_road_(England)" title="A24 road (England)">A24</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southwater" title="Southwater">Southwater</a>, south of Horsham. <a href="/wiki/FrieslandCampina" title="FrieslandCampina">Campina UK</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts" title="Dunkin' Donuts">Dunkin' Donuts</a> UK on the B2237 in the south of Horsham centre at the Prewett's Mill Roundabout in the same building as <a href="/wiki/Beam_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Beam Inc.">Beam Global</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whisky</a>), and its subsidiary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lowndes_%26_Co&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lowndes & Co (page does not exist)">Thomas Lowndes & Co</a> (formerly owned by <a href="/wiki/Allied_Domecq" title="Allied Domecq">Allied Domecq</a>, and the UK's leading supplier of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culinary_alcohol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culinary alcohol (page does not exist)">culinary alcohol</a>). <a href="/wiki/RSA_Insurance_Group" title="RSA Insurance Group">RSA Insurance Group</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_Sun_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and Sun Alliance">Royal and Sun Alliance</a>, and the UK's largest commercial insurer) has its main office in Horsham. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Caravan_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravan Club">Caravan Club</a> is in <a href="/wiki/East_Grinstead" title="East Grinstead">East Grinstead</a>, with Rentokil Specialist Hygiene, and Initial Medical Services. <a href="/wiki/Roche_Diagnostics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roche Diagnostics">Roche Diagnostics</a> UK headquarters and <a href="/wiki/CAE_Inc." title="CAE Inc.">CAE Inc. UK</a> are in the Victoria Business Park off the <a href="/wiki/A273_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A273 road">A273</a> in the west of <a href="/wiki/Burgess_Hill" title="Burgess Hill">Burgess Hill</a> near Tesco; further to east is the HQ of <a href="/wiki/Filofax" title="Filofax">Filofax</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heidenhain" title="Heidenhain">Heidenhain</a> GB, who make <a href="/wiki/Linear_encoder" title="Linear encoder">linear encoders</a> for CNC machines. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Southern_Water" title="Southern Water">Southern Water</a> is on the A2032 in <a href="/wiki/Durrington,_West_Sussex" title="Durrington, West Sussex">Durrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Durrington_Bridge_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durrington Bridge House (page does not exist)">Durrington Bridge House</a> on the Barrington Road Ind Estate, next to <a href="/wiki/Durrington-on-Sea_railway_station" title="Durrington-on-Sea railway station">Durrington-on-Sea railway station</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Goring-by-Sea" title="Goring-by-Sea">Goring-by-Sea</a> has <a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs" title="HM Revenue and Customs">HMRC</a>'s national office for its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_Arrangement_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voluntary Arrangement Service (page does not exist)">Voluntary Arrangement Service</a> (former Enforcement & <a href="/wiki/Insolvency_Service" title="Insolvency Service">Insolvency Service</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Individual_voluntary_arrangement" title="Individual voluntary arrangement">IVAs</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Members_voluntary_liquidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Members voluntary liquidation">members voluntary liquidation</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_insolvency_law" title="United Kingdom insolvency law">company administrations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trading_while_insolvent" title="Trading while insolvent">voluntary arrangements</a>. GSK in east Worthing is the former Beecham Pharmaceuticals, on the western edge of <a href="/wiki/Sompting" title="Sompting">Sompting</a>, which makes antibiotics such as <a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin/clavulanic_acid" title="Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid">Augmentin</a>; to the south of GSK on the same estate is <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Temperature_Instruments" title="Electronic Temperature Instruments">Electronic Temperature Instruments</a>, a worldwide manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometers</a>, and the UK's largest manufacturer of digital thermometers. <a href="/wiki/Bowers_%26_Wilkins" title="Bowers & Wilkins">B & W</a> is an important loudspeaker company in the north of Worthing at the A2032/A24 junction in <a href="/wiki/Tarring,_West_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarring, West Sussex">West Tarring</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurotherm" title="Eurotherm">Eurotherm</a> make temperature controllers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Virgin Atlantic</a> is off the A23, with <a href="/wiki/Paslode" title="Paslode">Paslode</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Nail_gun" title="Nail gun">nail guns</a>) next-door, on the <a href="/wiki/Manor_Royal" title="Manor Royal">Manor Royal</a> Ind Estate in the north of <a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a>, as is <a href="/wiki/Edwards_(Vacuum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwards (Vacuum)">Edwards</a> (former BOC Edwards), an international engineering company that makes <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_pump" title="Vacuum pump">vacuum pumps</a>, with another plant on the <a href="/wiki/A259_road" title="A259 road">A259</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston_by_Sea" title="Kingston by Sea">Kingston by Sea</a>, Shoreham. Also on Manor Royal are the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Spirent" title="Spirent">Spirent</a>, <a href="/wiki/G4S" title="G4S">G4S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doosan_Babcock" title="Doosan Babcock">Doosan Babcock Energy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilz_GmbH_%26_Co._KG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilz GmbH & Co. KG (page does not exist)">Pilz UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/TUI_Travel_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="TUI Travel PLC">TUI Travel PLC</a> with <a href="/wiki/TUI_Airline_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="TUI Airline Management">TUI Airline Management</a> (the fifth largest European air carrier). <a href="/wiki/Air_Miles" title="Air Miles">Air Miles</a> (now called <a href="/wiki/Avios" class="mw-redirect" title="Avios">Avios</a> since November 2011) is on Fleming Way Roundabout of the A23 north of Crawley in the former headquarters of <a href="/wiki/British_Caledonian" title="British Caledonian">British Caledonian</a>, at County Oak retail park, and to the west is the British <a href="/wiki/Dualit" title="Dualit">Dualit</a> brand of catering electrical equipment (iconic toasters). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a> UK is moving its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/City_Place_Gatwick" title="City Place Gatwick">City Place Gatwick</a> to Manor Royal Business District in Crawley from September 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the south, on the east of Manor Royal, is <a href="/wiki/Monier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Monier Group">Monier</a> <a href="/wiki/Redland_plc" title="Redland plc">Redland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roof_tile" class="mw-redirect" title="Roof tile">roof tiles</a>) and <a href="/wiki/ARINC" title="ARINC">ARINC</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">avionics</a>), and a large site of Thales, with its civilian <a href="/wiki/Flight_simulator" title="Flight simulator">aircraft simulation</a> <a href="/wiki/Thales_Training_%26_Simulation" title="Thales Training & Simulation">TTS</a> division (former <a href="/wiki/Rediffusion" title="Rediffusion">Redifon</a>) now owned since 2012 by <a href="/wiki/L-3_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="L-3 Communications">L-3 Communications</a>); much of Thales in Crawley is the former <a href="/wiki/Mullard" title="Mullard">Mullard</a>, who made radars, and Thomson Racal Defence Electronics (and Thorn EMI); Thales in Crawley make much of the Royal Navy's electronic (mission) systems. <a href="/wiki/UK_Power_Networks" title="UK Power Networks">UK Power Networks</a> (electrical operator for region) is south of Manor Royal in <a href="/wiki/Three_Bridges,_West_Sussex" title="Three Bridges, West Sussex">Three Bridges</a>; <a href="/wiki/SEEBOARD" class="mw-redirect" title="SEEBOARD">SEEBOARD</a> was based on the A23 in <a href="/wiki/Broadfield,_West_Sussex" title="Broadfield, West Sussex">Broadfield</a>. <a href="/wiki/Invensys" title="Invensys">Invensys</a> have many sites in Crawley. <a href="/wiki/WesternGeco" title="WesternGeco">WesternGeco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">geophysical</a> services) is at the end of the Gatwick Interchange M23 spur. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Colas_Ltd" title="Colas Ltd">Colas Ltd</a> (road engineering) is in <a href="/wiki/Worth,_West_Sussex" title="Worth, West Sussex">Worth</a>, east of Crawley. The former ICI Agrochemicals research department was at the <a href="/wiki/Fernhurst_Research_Station" title="Fernhurst Research Station">Fernhurst Research Station</a> (later part of Zeneca) at <a href="/wiki/Fernhurst" title="Fernhurst">Fernhurst</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">Wiley</a> UK (reference books) is in Chichester (off the <a href="/wiki/A286_road" title="A286 road">A286</a>) next door to <a href="/wiki/Shippam%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Shippam's">Shippam's Foods</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce Motor Cars</a> make vehicles at <a href="/wiki/Westhampnett" title="Westhampnett">Westhampnett</a> off the A27. <a href="/wiki/Vie_at_Home" title="Vie at Home">Vie at Home</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Tangmere" title="Tangmere">Tangmere</a>; Philips <a href="/wiki/Respironics" title="Respironics">Respironics</a> UK is at Tangmere airfield. Hayes UK make plumbing supplies on the Huffwood Trading Est on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Arun_Valley_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Arun Valley Line">railway</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/MTU_Friedrichshafen" title="MTU Friedrichshafen">MTU</a> UK (diesel <a href="/wiki/Engine-generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Engine-generator">engine generators</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Power_Systems" title="Rolls-Royce Power Systems">Rolls-Royce Power Systems</a>) are on the Birches Ind Est at the A22/A264 junction in <a href="/wiki/Felbridge" title="Felbridge">Felbridge</a>; nearby are <a href="/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific" title="Thermo Fisher Scientific">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a> UK and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jencons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jencons (page does not exist)">Jencons</a> UK (owned by <a href="/wiki/VWR_International" title="VWR International">VWR International</a>). <a href="/wiki/Cats_Protection" title="Cats Protection">Cats Protection</a> is at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Cat_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Cat Centre (page does not exist)">National Cat Centre</a> on the A275 in <a href="/wiki/Danehill,_East_Sussex" title="Danehill, East Sussex">Danehill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ashdown_Forest" title="Ashdown Forest">Ashdown Forest</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Body_Shop" title="The Body Shop">The Body Shop</a> is at the A259/B2187 Body Shop Roundabout in <a href="/wiki/Toddington,_West_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Toddington, West Sussex">Toddington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Littlehampton" title="Littlehampton">Littlehampton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palmer_and_Harvey" title="Palmer and Harvey">Palmer and Harvey</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Hove" title="Hove">Hove</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hosiden" title="Hosiden">Hosiden</a> Besson, near <a href="/wiki/Aldrington_railway_station" title="Aldrington railway station">Aldrington railway station</a>, makes telephone equipment; a <a href="/wiki/Legal_%26_General" title="Legal & General">Legal & General</a> main office is on the <a href="/wiki/A2023_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A2023 road">A2023</a> next to <a href="/wiki/Hove_Park" title="Hove Park">Hove Park</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Dugard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C Dugard (page does not exist)">C Dugard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Numerical_control" title="Numerical control">CNC</a> machines) is at the A2023/A270 junction. <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express UK</a> is in Brighton. <a href="/wiki/EDO_Corporation" title="EDO Corporation">EDO MBM</a> near <a href="/wiki/Moulsecoomb_railway_station" title="Moulsecoomb railway station">Moulsecoomb railway station</a> makes electrical equipment for the <a href="/wiki/Brimstone_(missile)" title="Brimstone (missile)">Brimstone</a> missile. <a href="/wiki/Elektromotive" title="Elektromotive">Elektromotive</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Falmer" title="Falmer">Falmer</a> (electric vehicle charging). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jones_Bootmaker" title="Jones Bootmaker">Jones Bootmaker</a> head office is based in Eastbourne; <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Laval" title="Alfa Laval">Alfa Laval</a> UK have a manufacturing plant at Birch Road Ind Est, off the <a href="/wiki/A2290_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A2290 road">A2290</a> near the <a href="/wiki/A259_road" title="A259 road">A259</a> roundabout. <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo plc">Ricardo plc</a>, the engineering consultancy, is on the A27 next to <a href="/wiki/Shoreham_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoreham Airport">Shoreham Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Adur" title="River Adur">River Adur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merrydown" title="Merrydown">Merrydown</a> cider was formerly made in <a href="/wiki/Horam" title="Horam">Horam</a> until 2004, when it was bought by <a href="/w/index.php?title=SHS_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SHS Group (page does not exist)">SHS Group</a> of Belfast. <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo_Directional_Clothing" title="Páramo Directional Clothing">Páramo Directional Clothing</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikwax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikwax (page does not exist)">Nikwax</a> are on the B2099 in Durgates, in <a href="/wiki/Wadhurst" title="Wadhurst">Wadhurst</a>, East Sussex, towards the Kent boundary. <a href="/wiki/Notifier" title="Notifier">Notifier</a> UK (fire alarms, owned by Honeywell) is in South Malling in Lewes, also the HQ of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morley-IAS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morley-IAS (page does not exist)">Morley-IAS</a> UK, who make <a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_control_panel" title="Fire alarm control panel">fire alarm control panels</a>. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electricity_generation_in_South_East_England83" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electricity_generation_in_South_East_England" title="Template:Electricity generation in South East England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electricity_generation_in_South_East_England" title="Template talk:Electricity generation in South East England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electricity_generation_in_South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electricity generation in South East England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electricity_generation_in_South_East_England83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">Electricity generation</a> in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">South East England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">Power stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">Biomass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Trading_Estate" title="Slough Trading Estate">Slough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Didcot_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Didcot Power Station">Didcot A</a> (co-fired)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsnorth_power_station" title="Kingsnorth power station">Kingsnorth</a> (co-fired)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoreham_Power_Station" title="Shoreham Power Station">Brighton A + B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowes_Power_Station" title="Cowes Power Station">Cowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didcot_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Didcot Power Station">Didcot A</a> (co-fired)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earley_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earley Power Station (page does not exist)">Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastbourne_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastbourne Power Station (page does not exist)">Eastbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Power_Station" title="Hastings Power Station">Broomgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsnorth_power_station" title="Kingsnorth power station">Kingsnorth</a> (co-fired)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlebrook_Power_Station" title="Littlebrook Power Station">Littlebrook A, B + C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfleet_Power_Station" title="Northfleet Power Station">Northfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osney_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osney Power Station (page does not exist)">Osney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portsmouth_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portsmouth Power Station (page does not exist)">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richborough_Power_Station" title="Richborough Power Station">Richborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Trading_Estate" title="Slough Trading Estate">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Power_Station" title="Southampton Power Station">Southampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowes_Power_Station" title="Cowes Power Station">Cowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damhead_Creek_power_station" title="Damhead Creek power station">Damhead Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didcot_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Didcot Power Station">Didcot B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Power_Station" title="Grain Power Station">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humbly_Grove_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humbly Grove Power Station (page does not exist)">Humbly Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hythe_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hythe Power Station (page does not exist)">Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchwood_Power_Station" title="Marchwood Power Station">Marchwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Power_Station" title="Medway Power Station">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevington_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevington Power Station (page does not exist)">Sevington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreham_Power_Station" title="Shoreham Power Station">Shoreham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storrington_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storrington Power Station (page does not exist)">Storrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Power_Station" title="Hastings Power Station">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Trading_Estate" title="Slough Trading Estate">Slough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">Geothermal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Active6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_District_Energy_Scheme" title="Southampton District Energy Scheme">Southampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incinerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Incinerator">Incinerators</a>/<a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allington_Quarry_Waste_Management_Facility" title="Allington Quarry Waste Management Facility">Allington Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chineham_Incinerator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chineham Incinerator (page does not exist)">Chineham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_gasification_facility" title="Isle of Wight gasification facility">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchwood_Incinerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Marchwood Incinerator">Marchwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newhaven_Incinerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Newhaven Incinerator">Newhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portsmouth_Incinerator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portsmouth Incinerator (page does not exist)">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Trading_Estate" title="Slough Trading Estate">Slough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungeness_Nuclear_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungeness Nuclear Power Station">Dungeness A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeness_Nuclear_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungeness Nuclear Power Station">Dungeness B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Refused/cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungeness_nuclear_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungeness nuclear power station">Dungeness C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Oil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingsnorth_power_station" title="Kingsnorth power station">Kingsnorth</a> (co-fired)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawley_Power_Station" title="Fawley Power Station">Fawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Power_Station" title="Grain Power Station">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlebrook_Power_Station" title="Littlebrook Power Station">Littlebrook A, B + C, D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchwood_Power_Station" title="Marchwood Power Station">Marchwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfleet_Power_Station" title="Northfleet Power Station">Northfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richborough_Power_Station" title="Richborough Power Station">Richborough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">Solar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Active6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Energy_Co-operative" title="Brighton Energy Co-operative">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmill_Solar_Co-operative" title="Westmill Solar Co-operative">Westmill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park_Business_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Park Business Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfleet_Sands_Offshore_Wind_Farm" title="Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm">Gunfleet Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentish_Flats_Offshore_Wind_Farm" title="Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm">Kentish Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Array" title="London Array">London Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Cheyne_Court_Wind_Farm" title="Little Cheyne Court Wind Farm">Romney Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampion_Wind_Farm" title="Rampion Wind Farm">Rampion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanet_Wind_Farm" title="Thanet Wind Farm">Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmill_Wind_Farm_Co-operative" title="Westmill Wind Farm Co-operative">Westmill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Refused/cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navitus_Bay_wind_farm" title="Navitus Bay wind farm">Navitus Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">Hydro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Active6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mapledurham_Watermill" title="Mapledurham Watermill">Mapledurham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osney_Lock_Hydro" title="Osney Lock Hydro">Osney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Hydro" title="Reading Hydro">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romney_Lock" title="Romney Lock">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandford_Hydro" title="Sandford Hydro">Sandford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EnglandSouthEast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/EnglandSouthEast.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brighton_Electric_Light_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brighton Electric Light Company (page does not exist)">Brighton Electric Light Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrica" title="Centrica">Centrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expro_International_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Expro International Group">Expro International Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammond_Electric_Light_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hammond Electric Light Company (page does not exist)">Hammond Electric Light Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Power_Networks" title="UK Power Networks">UK Power Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-nationalisation_UK_electric_power_companies#Companies_merged_into_Southern_Electricity_Board_(SEB)" title="List of pre-nationalisation UK electric power companies">Pre-nationalisation electric power companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeboard" title="Seeboard">Seeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Electric" title="Southern Electric">Southern Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Power_Distribution" title="Western Power Distribution">Western Power Distribution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The culture of South East England has been influenced a number of factors: by its part of contributing to the "idealised English identity", due to the region's historic idyllic rural landscape;<sup id="cite_ref-conv-N/S_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conv-N/S-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its serving for <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> as commuting <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pratt-SE_create_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pratt-SE_create-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in recent times, the concentration of the UK's creative industry across the South East as well as London.<sup id="cite_ref-conv-N/S_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conv-N/S-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature,_TV_Puppetry_&_Animation,_Cinema,_Music_and_Cuisine"><span id="Literature.2C_TV_Puppetry_.26_Animation.2C_Cinema.2C_Music_and_Cuisine"></span>Literature, TV Puppetry & Animation, Cinema, Music and Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Literature, TV Puppetry & Animation, Cinema, Music and Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ashdown_Forest" title="Ashdown Forest">Ashdown Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a> was the inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Acre_Wood" title="Hundred Acre Wood">Hundred Acre Wood</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh" title="Winnie-the-Pooh">Winnie-the-Pooh</a> stories by <a href="/wiki/A.A._Milne" class="mw-redirect" title="A.A. Milne">A.A. Milne</a> who also lived in the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Hartfield" title="Hartfield">Hartfield</a> and visited the forest with his son <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Robin" title="Christopher Robin">Christopher Robin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alice_Liddell" title="Alice Liddell">Alice Liddell</a>, also known as Alice Hargreaves, the inspiration for Alice in <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i>, spent the majority of her childhood living in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, and in her later years lived in and around <a href="/wiki/Lyndhurst,_Hampshire" title="Lyndhurst, Hampshire">Lyndhurst, Hampshire</a> after her marriage to Reginald Hargreaves. She is buried in the graveyard of St Michael and All Angels Church in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-nfp_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nfp-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Hargreaves" title="Roger Hargreaves">Roger Hargreaves</a> lived in Lower Sunbury on the River Thames on the next to <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a> borough boundary, and wrote his <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Men" title="Mr. Men">Mr. Men</a></i> books. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tourtel" title="Mary Tourtel">Mary Tourtel</a> from Canterbury created <i><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bear" title="Rupert Bear">Rupert Bear</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Hampson" title="Frank Hampson">Frank Hampson</a>, of <i><a href="/wiki/Dan_Dare" title="Dan Dare">Dan Dare</a></i>, drew all his pictures when he lived in the east of Epsom, off the <a href="/wiki/A2022_road" title="A2022 road">A2022</a>. Buckinghamshire's <a href="/wiki/E._L._James" title="E. L. James">E. L. James</a> author of the <a href="/wiki/Erotic_romance_novels" title="Erotic romance novels">erotic romance</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Shades_(novel_series)" title="Fifty Shades (novel series)">Fifty Shades Trilogy</a></i> has the UK record for the fastest-selling <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a> of all time. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Trumpton" title="Trumpton">Trumpton</a></i> (1967) was based on <a href="/wiki/Plumpton,_East_Sussex" title="Plumpton, East Sussex">Plumpton, East Sussex</a>, with other titles in the series based on nearby villages; <i>Trumpton</i> was actually shot by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Murray_(puppeteer)" title="Gordon Murray (puppeteer)">Gordon Murray</a>'s company in <a href="/wiki/Crouch_End" title="Crouch End">Crouch End</a>, London. <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Anderson" title="Gerry Anderson">Gerry Anderson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/AP_Films" title="AP Films">AP Films</a> filmed <i><a href="/wiki/Thunderbirds_(TV_series)" title="Thunderbirds (TV series)">Thunderbirds</a></i> on the Slough Trading Estate near to the site's <a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">cooling towers</a>, being first broadcast in 1965. The <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> woman <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a> is buried at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Gravesend" title="St George's Church, Gravesend">St George's Church, Gravesend</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> and was the inspiration for the popular <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_(1995_film)" title="Pocahontas (1995 film)">Disney animated film of the same name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first multiplex cinema in the UK was in Milton Keynes, in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elgar wrote his <a href="/wiki/Cello_Concerto_(Elgar)" title="Cello Concerto (Elgar)">Cello Concerto</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fittleworth" title="Fittleworth">Fittleworth</a>, West Sussex, in 1919. <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Watts" title="Isaac Watts">Isaac Watts</a>, a hymn writer from Southampton, wrote <i><a href="/wiki/When_I_Survey_the_Wondrous_Cross" title="When I Survey the Wondrous Cross">When I Survey the Wondrous Cross</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/O_God,_Our_Help_in_Ages_Past" class="mw-redirect" title="O God, Our Help in Ages Past">O God, Our Help in Ages Past</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Goss_(composer)" title="John Goss (composer)">John Goss</a>, who wrote the hymn tune for <i><a href="/wiki/Praise,_My_Soul,_the_King_of_Heaven" class="mw-redirect" title="Praise, My Soul, the King of Heaven">Praise, My Soul, the King of Heaven</a></i>, came from Fareham. At <a href="/wiki/Chalfont_St_Giles" title="Chalfont St Giles">Chalfont St Giles</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> finished <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>. Olney in Buckinghamshire is known for the <i><a href="/wiki/Olney_Hymns" title="Olney Hymns">Olney Hymns</a></i> - <i>Amazing Grace</i>, and for <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gauntlett" title="Henry Gauntlett">Henry Gauntlett</a>, the composer of the tune of <i><a href="/wiki/Once_in_Royal_David%27s_City" title="Once in Royal David's City">Once in Royal David's City</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian non-profit music festival <i>Big Church Day Out</i> takes place annually on the last Saturday and Sunday of May at <a href="/wiki/Wiston_House" title="Wiston House">Wiston House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiston,_West_Sussex" title="Wiston, West Sussex">Wiston</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pimm%27s" title="Pimm's">Pimm's</a> was invented by <a href="/wiki/James_Pimm" title="James Pimm">James Pimm</a> of Kent in the 1820s.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Banoffee_pie" title="Banoffee pie">Banoffee pie</a> was invented in 1972 in <a href="/wiki/Willingdon_and_Jevington" title="Willingdon and Jevington">Jevington</a> in East Sussex. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ann_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Ann Smith">Maria Ann Smith</a> from Sussex emigrated to Australia and created the <a href="/wiki/Granny_Smith" title="Granny Smith">Granny Smith</a> apple. Horticulturist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cox_(horticulturist)" title="Richard Cox (horticulturist)">Richard Cox</a> lived in <a href="/wiki/Colnbrook" title="Colnbrook">Colnbrook</a>, where he bred his <a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Orange_Pippin" title="Cox's Orange Pippin">Cox's Orange Pippin</a>, a popular apple. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_David" title="Elizabeth David">Elizabeth David</a>, a cookery writer who <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_David_bibliography" title="Elizabeth David bibliography">revolutionised</a> the nation's <a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">home cooking</a> in the 1950s, came from Sussex.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/South_East_England" title="Special:EditPage/South East England">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22South+East+England%22">"South East England"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22South+East+England%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22South+East+England%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22South+East+England%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22South+East+England%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television">Television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingswood_Warren_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kingswood_Warren_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3774.jpg/220px-Kingswood_Warren_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3774.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kingswood_Warren_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3774.jpg/330px-Kingswood_Warren_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kingswood_Warren_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3774.jpg/440px-Kingswood_Warren_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BBC_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Research">BBC Research</a> was based until 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Kingswood,_Surrey" title="Kingswood, Surrey">Kingswood Warren</a> near Reigate in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> on the <a href="/wiki/A217_road" title="A217 road">A217</a>, which was responsible for developing <a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">stereo</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HD</a> TV broadcasts and <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">teletext</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> operate <i><a href="/wiki/South_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="South Today">South Today</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">BBC South</a>) out of Havelock Road, Southampton and <i><a href="/wiki/South_East_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Today">South East Today</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">BBC South East</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Tunbridge_Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Meridian" title="ITV News Meridian">ITV News Meridian</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/ITV_Meridian" title="ITV Meridian">ITV Meridian</a>) which has sub-regions for the South and South East based in <a href="/wiki/Whiteley" title="Whiteley">Whiteley</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Fareham" title="Fareham">Fareham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><ul><li>Television coverage for Buckinghamshire is complex and is split three ways depending on location. The western part of the county is in the BBC South and ITV Meridian (South Coast sub-region).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Much of Milton Keynes UA is covered by <a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">BBC East</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, with the <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Look_East" title="BBC Look East">Look East</a></i> programme; similarly the ITV region for most of Milton Keynes is <a href="/wiki/ITV_Anglia" title="ITV Anglia">ITV Anglia</a> with the <i><a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Anglia" title="ITV News Anglia">ITV News Anglia</a></i> programme, also from Norwich. South of the county is covered by <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_London_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC London News">BBC London News</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/ITV_London_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV London News">ITV London News</a></i> which both broadcast from <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Solent_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="That's Solent TV">That's Solent TV</a></i>, a subsidiary TV station from <a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV" title="That's TV">That's TV</a> based in Portsmouth, covers Portsmouth, Isle of Wight, Southampton and Winchester.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio">Radio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC Local Radio</a> services in the region include <a href="/wiki/BBC_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Surrey" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Surrey">Surrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Sussex">Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Solent" title="BBC Radio Solent">Solent</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Oxford" title="BBC Radio Oxford">Oxford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Kent" title="BBC Radio Kent">Kent</a>, with Buckinghamshire & Milton Keynes served by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_Counties_Radio" title="BBC Three Counties Radio">BBC Three Counties Radio</a> (which also covers Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire, and falls under the <a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">BBC East</a> region).</li> <li>Commercial radio stations include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heart_South" title="Heart South">Heart South</a> serves much of the region, created in 2019 by the combination of <a href="/wiki/Heart_Sussex_and_Surrey" title="Heart Sussex and Surrey">Heart Sussex and Surrey</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Heart_Sussex" title="Heart Sussex">Heart Sussex</a> of Brighton and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_FM" title="Mercury FM">Mercury FM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a>), <a href="/wiki/Heart_Thames_Valley" title="Heart Thames Valley">Heart Thames Valley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heart_Berkshire" title="Heart Berkshire">Heart Berkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart_Oxfordshire" title="Heart Oxfordshire">Heart Oxfordshire</a>), <a href="/wiki/Heart_South_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart South Coast">Heart South Coast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heart_Dorset_and_New_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart Dorset and New Forest">Heart Dorset and New Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart_Hampshire" title="Heart Hampshire">Heart Hampshire</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Heart_Kent" title="Heart Kent">Heart Kent</a>. Milton Keynes is served by - and is the studio base of - <a href="/wiki/Heart_East" title="Heart East">Heart East</a> (via the former <a href="/wiki/Heart_103.3" title="Heart 103.3">Heart 103.3</a>/Horizon Radio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_South" title="Capital South">Capital South</a> (previously known as Galaxy South Coast/Power FM based in <a href="/wiki/Segensworth" title="Segensworth">Segensworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_Brighton" title="Capital Brighton">Juice 107.2</a> in Brighton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_South" title="Greatest Hits Radio South">Greatest Hits Radio South</a> operates on the former frequencies of The Breeze (previously <a href="/wiki/Andover_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Andover Sound">Andover Sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newbury_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Newbury Sound">Newbury Sound</a> (former Kick FM), <a href="/wiki/Reading_107_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading 107 FM">Reading 107 FM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kestrel_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Kestrel FM">Kestrel FM</a> (Basingstoke)), <a href="/wiki/Spirit_FM_(UK_radio_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit FM (UK radio station)">Spirit FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a>), and <a href="/wiki/96.4_Eagle_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="96.4 Eagle Radio">96.4 Eagle Radio</a> (Guildford). In Buckinghamshire, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_East" title="Greatest Hits Radio East">Greatest Hits Radio East</a> took the place of <a href="/wiki/Mix_96_(Aylesbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mix 96 (Aylesbury)">Mix 96 (Aylesbury)</a> on FM and this was added to the Herts/Beds/Bucks DAB multiplex.</li> <li>Greatest Hits Radio South Coast, formerly regional adult contemporary station <a href="/wiki/Wave_105" title="Wave 105">Wave 105</a> in South Hampshire and East Dorset, and following its transition to GHR (with its own dedicated breakfast and afternoon shows separate from those on the other stations in the South) also broadcasts on the former <a href="/wiki/Wessex_FM" title="Wessex FM">Wessex FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vale_FM" title="Vale FM">Vale FM</a> frequencies in Dorset, which previously carried GHR South and GHR West respectively. Broadcast from the same studio complex as GHR South, the former Wave 105 base at Fareham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Broadcasting" title="Nation Broadcasting">Nation Broadcasting</a> operates two services based in Southampton: <a href="/wiki/Nation_Radio_South_Coast" title="Nation Radio South Coast">Nation Radio South Coast</a> (a regional station, previously broadcasting as Greatest Hits Radio South Coast, Sam FM, JACK FM and Original 106), and <a href="/wiki/The_Breeze_(South_%26_East_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Breeze (South & East Hampshire)">Easy Radio South Coast</a> (former Hits Radio South Coast, 107.4 The Quay, Portsmouth; The Saint, Southampton; and Dream 107.2, Winchester).</li> <li>More Radio is broadcast on four frequencies in Sussex, previously <a href="/wiki/Arrow_FM_(Hastings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow FM (Hastings)">Arrow FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bright_106.4_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright 106.4 FM">Bright 106.4 FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burgess_Hill" title="Burgess Hill">Burgess Hill</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign FM">Sovereign FM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hailsham" title="Hailsham">Hailsham</a>), and <a href="/wiki/More_Radio_Worthing" title="More Radio Worthing">Splash FM</a> (Worthing). A countywide service broadcasts on DAB, alongside from 2021 a digital-first sibling station, More Radio Retro.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Radio" title="Isle of Wight Radio">Isle of Wight Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMFM_(radio_network)" title="KMFM (radio network)">KMFM</a>, a network of seven stations in Kent, and a countywide DAB output, since 2012 sharing all programmes from the premises of <a href="/wiki/KMFM_Medway" title="KMFM Medway">KMFM Medway</a></li> <li>Milton Keynes is served by BBC Three Counties Radio, Heart FM and MKFM.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is served by <a href="/wiki/Southern_Daily_Echo" title="Southern Daily Echo">Southern Daily Echo</a> (Southampton), <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth News">Portsmouth News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_Chronicle" title="Hampshire Chronicle">Hampshire Chronicle</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Times" title="The Oxford Times">Oxford Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Journal" title="Oxford Journal">Oxford Journal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Mail" title="Oxford Mail">Oxford Mail</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Brighton)" title="The Argus (Brighton)">Argus</a> (Brighton), <a href="/wiki/Reading_Evening_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Evening Post">Reading Evening Post</a>, the <a href="/wiki/KM_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="KM Group">KM Group</a> titles (Kent), <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Advertiser" title="Surrey Advertiser">Surrey Advertiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading_Chronicle" title="Reading Chronicle">Reading Chronicle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medway_News" title="Medway News">Medway News</a>, <a href="/wiki/KOS_Media" title="KOS Media">KOS Media</a> titles (Kent), <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_Gazette" title="Basingstoke Gazette">Basingstoke Gazette</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Citizen" title="Milton Keynes Citizen">Milton Keynes Citizen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Whyte_on_Hickstead_Derby_Bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Michael_Whyte_on_Hickstead_Derby_Bank.jpg/220px-Michael_Whyte_on_Hickstead_Derby_Bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Michael_Whyte_on_Hickstead_Derby_Bank.jpg/330px-Michael_Whyte_on_Hickstead_Derby_Bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Michael_Whyte_on_Hickstead_Derby_Bank.jpg/440px-Michael_Whyte_on_Hickstead_Derby_Bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>Michael Whyte on Highpark Lad at the <a href="/wiki/British_Jumping_Derby" title="British Jumping Derby">British Jumping Derby</a> at Hickstead in June 2011.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bat_and_Ball_Sign.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bat_and_Ball_Sign.JPG/220px-Bat_and_Ball_Sign.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bat_and_Ball_Sign.JPG/330px-Bat_and_Ball_Sign.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bat_and_Ball_Sign.JPG/440px-Bat_and_Ball_Sign.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bat_%26_Ball_Inn,_Clanfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat & Ball Inn, Clanfield">Bat & Ball Inn, Clanfield</a>, the birthplace of cricket.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Badminton_England" title="Badminton England">Badminton England</a> is at Milton Keynes. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yachting_Association" title="Royal Yachting Association">Royal Yachting Association</a> (RYA) is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Hamble-le-Rice" title="Hamble-le-Rice">Hamble</a> in Hampshire. The <a href="/wiki/World_Squash_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Squash Federation">World Squash Federation</a> is headquartered in Hastings. <a href="/wiki/England_Hockey" title="England Hockey">England Hockey</a> is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Bisham_Abbey" title="Bisham Abbey">Bisham Abbey</a> on the south side of the Thames. The first <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Transplant_Games_(WTG)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Transplant Games (WTG)">World Transplant Games</a> were held in Portsmouth in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/All_England_Jumping_Course_at_Hickstead" title="All England Jumping Course at Hickstead">All England Jumping Course at Hickstead</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_International_Horse_Show" title="Royal International Horse Show">Royal International Horse Show</a>) is held (usually) at the A2300 Hickstead Interchange on the side of the A23, west of Burgess Hill, next to the <a href="/wiki/River_Adur" title="River Adur">River Adur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hurstpierpoint_and_Sayers_Common" title="Hurstpierpoint and Sayers Common">Hurstpierpoint and Sayers Common</a>. There are many horse-racing stables on the <a href="/wiki/North_Wessex_Downs" title="North Wessex Downs">Lambourn Downs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">Epsom Derby</a> is held in early June.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Hambledon_Club" title="Hambledon Club">Hambledon Cricket Club</a>, in south-east Hampshire, was the focal point of modern cricket. It was here where a number of innovations were made to the game until the formation of <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Cricket_Club" title="Marylebone Cricket Club">Marylebone Cricket Club</a> and the opening of <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's Cricket Ground</a> in 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BDO_World_Darts_Championship" title="BDO World Darts Championship">BDO World Darts Championship</a> are held in early January at <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Leisure_Complex" title="Lakeside Leisure Complex">Lakeside Leisure Complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Club" title="Wentworth Club">Wentworth Golf Club</a> in Surrey is the home of the <a href="/wiki/BMW_PGA_Championship" title="BMW PGA Championship">BMW PGA Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Miller" title="Charles William Miller">Charles William Miller</a>, who went to school in Southampton, was responsible for taking football to Brazil. He had a Scottish father and a Brazilian mother; around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Watson_Hutton" title="Alexander Watson Hutton">Alexander Watson Hutton</a>, a Scottish teacher, had taken football to Argentina; <a href="/wiki/Dresden_English_Football_Club" title="Dresden English Football Club">Dresden English Football Club</a>, founded by British workers, would bring football to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_England" title="Outline of England">Outline of England</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_South_East_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in the South East of England">List of schools in the South East of England</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SouthHampshireBUA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SouthHampshireBUA_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of <a href="/wiki/South_Hampshire" title="South Hampshire">South Hampshire</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrightonAndHoveBUA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BrightonAndHoveBUA_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of <a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_built-up_area" title="Brighton and Hove built-up area">Brighton and Hove built-up area</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Leaders'_board-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leaders'_board_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.secouncils.gov.uk/">"South East Councils (SEC) - Councils in Partnership"</a>. <i>South East Councils</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+East+Councils&rft.atitle=South+East+Councils+%28SEC%29+-+Councils+in+Partnership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.secouncils.gov.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONS_Standard_Area_Measurement-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ONS_Standard_Area_Measurement_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/ons::standard-area-measurements-latest-for-administrative-areas-in-the-united-kingdom/about">"Standard Area Measurements (Latest) for Administrative Areas in the United Kingdom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ONS_Open_Geography_Portal" title="ONS Open Geography Portal">Open Geography Portal</a></i>. Office for National Statistics. 24 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Geography+Portal&rft.atitle=Standard+Area+Measurements+%28Latest%29+for+Administrative+Areas+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2024-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fons%3A%3Astandard-area-measurements-latest-for-administrative-areas-in-the-united-kingdom%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popstats-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popstats_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-popstats_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E12000008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E12000008">"2021 Census Area Profile – South East Region (E12000008)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+South+East+Region+%28E12000008%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE12000008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yougov.co.uk/politics/articles/19974-what-regions-make-north-and-south-england">"What regions make up the North and South of England? | YouGov"</a>. <i>yougov.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Ethnic+group+-+Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2FTS021%2Feditions%2F2021%2Fversions%2F1%2Ffilter-outputs%2Fd2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027%23get-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10205724&c_id=10001043&add=N">the South East GovOf through time | Population Statistics | Total Population</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012152032/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10205724&c_id=10001043&add=N">Archived</a> 12 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.atitle=2011+Census%3A+Ethnic+Group%2C+local+authorities+in+England+and+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fukgwa%2F20160105160709%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fkey-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales%2Frft-table-ks201ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/c2021ts030">"TS030 - Religion Edit query"</a>. <i>www.nomisweb.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+-+Regional+GVA+FINAL.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fpdfdir%2Fgva1208.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appsso-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-appsso_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-appsso_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database">"Eurostat database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205449/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurostat+database&rft.pub=eurostat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fweb%2Fregions%2Fdata%2Fdatabase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span> Follow 'Regional economic accounts - ESA2010 (reg_eco10)'. Then 'Gross domestic product indicators – ESA2010 (reg_eco10gdp)'. Then 'Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions (nama_10r_3gdp)'. Then 'folder with magnifying glass' icon. Then select 'GEO' [top of table]. Then 'select all' followed by 'deselect all'. Then scan down to UK data near end). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.solenthotel.com&rft.atitle=Four+Star+Fareham+Hotel+-+Solent+Hotel+%26+Spa+-+Thwaites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solenthotel.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoE1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoE1_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060719000308/http://www.gos.gov.uk/gose/transport/regTransportStrat/?a=42496">"Regional Transport Strategy: the National Picture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_Offices_for_the_English_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Offices for the English Regions">Government Office for the South East</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gos.gov.uk/gose/transport/regTransportStrat/?a=42496">the original</a> on 19 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Transport+Strategy%3A+the+National+Picture&rft.pub=Government+Office+for+the+South+East&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gos.gov.uk%2Fgose%2Ftransport%2FregTransportStrat%2F%3Fa%3D42496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DfT1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DfT1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090816091752/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/regional/ltp/theltpprocess">"The LTP Process"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/regional/ltp/theltpprocess">the original</a> on 16 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+LTP+Process&rft.pub=Department+for+Transport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dft.gov.uk%2Fpgr%2Fregional%2Fltp%2Ftheltpprocess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFTP-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BFTP_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080127001906/http://www.bracknell-forest.gov.uk/env-transport-plan.htm">"Bracknell Forest 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracknell Forest Borough Council">Bracknell Forest Borough Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bracknell-forest.gov.uk/env-transport-plan.htm">the original</a> on 27 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bracknell+Forest+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Bracknell+Forest+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bracknell-forest.gov.uk%2Fenv-transport-plan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BaHLTP-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BaHLTP_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1146323">"Brighton and Hove 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton & Hove">Brighton and Hove City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501034723/http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1146323">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brighton+and+Hove+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Brighton+and+Hove+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighton-hove.gov.uk%2Findex.cfm%3Frequest%3Dc1146323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BkLTP-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BkLTP_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525203320/http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/bcc/transport/ltp2_enhancing_access.page">"Buckinghamshire 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire County Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/bcc/transport/ltp2_enhancing_access.page?">the original</a> on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buckinghamshire+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Buckinghamshire+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buckscc.gov.uk%2Fbcc%2Ftransport%2Fltp2_enhancing_access.page%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESLTP-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESLTP_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/roadsandtransport/localtransportplan/default.htm">"East Sussex 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex County Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207082116/http://eastsussex.gov.uk/roadsandtransport/localtransportplan/default.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Sussex+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=East+Sussex+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastsussex.gov.uk%2Froadsandtransport%2Flocaltransportplan%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HmLTP-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HmLTP_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.hants.gov.uk/hampshire-transport/local-transport-plan.htm">"Hampshire 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County_Council" title="Hampshire County Council">Hampshire County Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090512175943/http://www3.hants.gov.uk/hampshire-transport/local-transport-plan.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hampshire+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Hampshire+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.hants.gov.uk%2Fhampshire-transport%2Flocal-transport-plan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IoWLTP-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IoWLTP_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202184233/http://www.iwight.com/living_here/environment/Transport_strategies/apr/ltp2.asp">"Isle of Wight 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council" title="Isle of Wight Council">Isle of Wight Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwight.com/living_here/environment/Transport_strategies/apr/ltp2.asp">the original</a> on 2 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isle+of+Wight+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Isle+of+Wight+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwight.com%2Fliving_here%2Fenvironment%2FTransport_strategies%2Fapr%2Fltp2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KLTP-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KLTP_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506212742/http://www.kent.gov.uk/publications/transport-and-streets/ltp-provisional-plan.htm">"Kent 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kent_County_Council" title="Kent County Council">Kent County Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kent.gov.uk/publications/transport-and-streets/ltp-provisional-plan.htm">the original</a> on 6 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kent+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Kent+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kent.gov.uk%2Fpublications%2Ftransport-and-streets%2Fltp-provisional-plan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MwLTP-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MwLTP_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411200819/http://www.medway.gov.uk/index/environment/transplanning/43663.htm">"Medway 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medway.gov.uk/index/environment/transplanning/43663.htm">the original</a> on 11 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medway+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Medway+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medway.gov.uk%2Findex%2Fenvironment%2Ftransplanning%2F43663.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MKLTP-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MKLTP_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026054134/http://www.milton-keynes.gov.uk/transport/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=13775">"Milton Keynes 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes Council">Milton Keynes Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milton-keynes.gov.uk/transport/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=13775">the original</a> on 26 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milton+Keynes+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Milton+Keynes+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milton-keynes.gov.uk%2Ftransport%2FDisplayArticle.asp%3FID%3D13775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OLTP-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OLTP_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/wps/portal/publicsite/councilservices?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=http://apps.oxfordshire.gov.uk/wps/wcm/connect/Internet/Council+Services/Roads+and+transport/Plans+and+policies/Local+Transport+Plan/">"Oxfordshire 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_County_Council" title="Oxfordshire County Council">Oxfordshire County Council</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxfordshire+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Oxfordshire+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordshire.gov.uk%2Fwps%2Fportal%2Fpublicsite%2Fcouncilservices%3FWCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fapps.oxfordshire.gov.uk%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2FInternet%2FCouncil%2BServices%2FRoads%2Band%2Btransport%2FPlans%2Band%2Bpolicies%2FLocal%2BTransport%2BPlan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PmLTP-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PmLTP_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portsmouthcc.gov.uk/living/5178.html">"Portsmouth 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council" title="Portsmouth City Council">Portsmouth City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907115827/http://www.portsmouthcc.gov.uk/living/5178.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portsmouth+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Portsmouth+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portsmouthcc.gov.uk%2Fliving%2F5178.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RdLTP-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RdLTP_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008045654/http://www.reading.gov.uk/ltp/GeneralM.asp?id=SX9452-A7817040">"Reading 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading Borough Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reading.gov.uk/ltp/GeneralM.asp?id=SX9452-A7817040">the original</a> on 8 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Reading+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.gov.uk%2Fltp%2FGeneralM.asp%3Fid%3DSX9452-A7817040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SlLTP-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SlLTP_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110926215025/http%3A//www.slough.gov.uk/services/1031.aspx">"Slough 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough Borough Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slough.gov.uk/services/1031.aspx">the original</a> on 26 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slough+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Slough+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slough.gov.uk%2Fservices%2F1031.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShLTP-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ShLTP_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southampton.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/default.asp#0">"Southampton 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council" title="Southampton City Council">Southampton City Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920025842/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/default.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southampton+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Southampton+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southampton.gov.uk%2Ftransport%2Ftransportplanning%2Flocaltransportplan%2Fdefault.asp%230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SuLTP-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SuLTP_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/Surrey%27s+second+Local+Transport+Plan+2006-07+to+2010-11?opendocument">"Surrey 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Surrey_County_Council" title="Surrey County Council">Surrey County Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927182434/http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/Surrey's+second+Local+Transport+Plan+2006-07+to+2010-11?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surrey+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Surrey+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreycc.gov.uk%2Fsccwebsite%2Fsccwspages.nsf%2FLookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF%2FSurrey%2527s%2Bsecond%2BLocal%2BTransport%2BPlan%2B2006-07%2Bto%2B2010-11%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaMLTP-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaMLTP_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011014319/http://www.rbwm.gov.uk/web/ltp_index.htm">"Windsor and Maidenhead 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbwm.gov.uk/web/ltp_index.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windsor+and+Maidenhead+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Windsor+and+Maidenhead+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbwm.gov.uk%2Fweb%2Fltp_index.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoLTP-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WoLTP_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20100518100411/http://www.wokingham.gov.uk/transport-roads-waste/transport-policy/local-transport-plan-2-2006-2011/">"Wokingham 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wokingham_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wokingham (borough)">Wokingham Borough Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wokingham.gov.uk/transport-roads-waste/transport-policy/local-transport-plan-2-2006-2011/">the original</a> on 18 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wokingham+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=Wokingham+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wokingham.gov.uk%2Ftransport-roads-waste%2Ftransport-policy%2Flocal-transport-plan-2-2006-2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSLTP-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSLTP_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429233208/http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/your-council/plans--policies--reports-and-initiatives/west-sussex-transport-plan/1--west-sussex-transport-plan-2006-2016/west-sussex-transport-plan---full-version/">"West Sussex 2006-11 Local Transport Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex County Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/your-council/plans--policies--reports-and-initiatives/west-sussex-transport-plan/1--west-sussex-transport-plan-2006-2016/west-sussex-transport-plan---full-version/">the original</a> on 29 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Sussex+2006-11+Local+Transport+Plan&rft.pub=West+Sussex+County+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westsussex.gov.uk%2Fccm%2Fnavigation%2Fyour-council%2Fplans--policies--reports-and-initiatives%2Fwest-sussex-transport-plan%2F1--west-sussex-transport-plan-2006-2016%2Fwest-sussex-transport-plan---full-version%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharter2017" class="citation news cs1">Charter, David (14 November 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/no-deal-brexit-adds-2bn-to-german-cars-svvp9qvnf#:~:text=Last%20year%20950%2C000%20cars%20made,of%20German%20cars%20were%20imported.">"No-deal Brexit 'adds €2bn' to German cars"</a></span>. <i>The Times</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=No-deal+Brexit+%27adds+%E2%82%AC2bn%27+to+German+cars&rft.date=2017-11-14&rft.aulast=Charter&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fno-deal-brexit-adds-2bn-to-german-cars-svvp9qvnf%23%3A~%3Atext%3DLast%2520year%2520950%252C000%2520cars%2520made%2Cof%2520German%2520cars%2520were%2520imported.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.arlafoods.co.uk/news/leading-bottle-supplier-appointed-for-arla-s-new-dairy">"Leading bottle supplier appointed for Arla's new dairy"</a>. Arla. 20 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bigchurchdayout.com&rft.atitle=Big+Church+Day+Out+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigchurchdayout.com%2Fsouth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McConnell, Anita (22 September 2005). "Pimm, James". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F92811">10.1093/ref:odnb/92811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pimm%2C+James&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-09-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F92811&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Anita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeskett2020" class="citation web cs1">Peskett, Words Louise (7 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/people/sussex-cooks-from-eliza-acton-to-fanny-cradock-7287322">"Meet six of Sussex's most iconic cooks"</a>. <i>Great British Life</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419130304/https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/people/sussex-cooks-from-eliza-acton-to-fanny-cradock-7287322">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Great+British+Life&rft.atitle=Meet+six+of+Sussex%27s+most+iconic+cooks&rft.date=2020-09-07&rft.aulast=Peskett&rft.aufirst=Words+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatbritishlife.co.uk%2Fpeople%2Fsussex-cooks-from-eliza-acton-to-fanny-cradock-7287322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006pfl4">"BBC South"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507194417/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006pfl4">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+South&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb006pfl4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006pfp8">"BBC South East"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507194417/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006pfp8">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+South+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb006pfp8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/11631368.thats-solent-tv-station-begins-broadcasting-on-freeview">"That's Solent TV station begins broadcasting on Freeview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Daily_Echo" title="Southern Daily Echo">Southern Daily Echo</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a>. 27 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103171720/https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/11631368.thats-solent-tv-station-begins-broadcasting-on-freeview/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Daily+Echo&rft.atitle=That%27s+Solent+TV+station+begins+broadcasting+on+Freeview&rft.date=2014-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2F11631368.thats-solent-tv-station-begins-broadcasting-on-freeview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWay2019" class="citation news cs1">Way, Fran (16 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18041035.look-back-time-oxford-mails-history/">"A look back in time at the Oxford Mail's history"</a>. <i>Oxford Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Mail&rft.atitle=A+look+back+in+time+at+the+Oxford+Mail%27s+history&rft.date=2019-11-16&rft.aulast=Way&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18041035.look-back-time-oxford-mails-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basingstokegazette.co.uk/news/18888454.history-basingstoke-gazette/">"The history of the Basingstoke Gazette"</a>. <i>Basingstoke Gazette</i>. 21 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basingstoke+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+Basingstoke+Gazette&rft.date=2020-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.basingstokegazette.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18888454.history-basingstoke-gazette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wtgf.org/history/">"History"</a>. <i>World Transplant Games Federation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507131305/https://wtgf.org/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Transplant+Games+Federation&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwtgf.org%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall1999" class="citation book cs1">Randall, John (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/806490675"><i>A century of champions : horse-racing's millennium book</i></a>. Tony Morris. Halifax: Portway Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-901570-15-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-901570-15-0"><bdi>1-901570-15-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/806490675">806490675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+century+of+champions+%3A+horse-racing%27s+millennium+book&rft.place=Halifax&rft.pub=Portway+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F806490675&rft.isbn=1-901570-15-0&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F806490675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/history-of-cricket/early-cricket#:~:text=There%20is%20a%20consensus%20of,clearings%20in%20south-east%20England.">"International Cricket Council"</a>. <i>www.icc-cricket.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051607/https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/history-of-cricket/early-cricket#:~:text=There%20is%20a%20consensus%20of,clearings%20in%20south-east%20England.">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icc-cricket.com&rft.atitle=International+Cricket+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cricket.com%2Fabout%2Fcricket%2Fhistory-of-cricket%2Fearly-cricket%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThere%2520is%2520a%2520consensus%2520of%2Cclearings%2520in%2520south-east%2520England.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/kent/8446647.stm">"Darts fan found dead in icy lake"</a>. 7 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122235540/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/kent/8446647.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Darts+fan+found+dead+in+icy+lake&rft.date=2010-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fkent%2F8446647.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson2013" class="citation web cs1">Edmondson, Nick (5 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/local-news/bob-potter-leisure-admits-safety-4875260">"Company admits safety breaches over frozen lake death"</a>. <i>SurreyLive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113161927/http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/local-news/bob-potter-leisure-admits-safety-4875260">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SurreyLive&rft.atitle=Company+admits+safety+breaches+over+frozen+lake+death&rft.date=2013-07-05&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getsurrey.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fbob-potter-leisure-admits-safety-4875260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeantour.com/european-tour/bmw-pga-championship-2021/">"BMW PGA CHAMPIONSHIP 2021 - European Tour"</a>. <i>www.europeantour.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507194417/https://www.europeantour.com/european-tour/bmw-pga-championship-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.europeantour.com&rft.atitle=BMW+PGA+CHAMPIONSHIP+2021+-+European+Tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeantour.com%2Feuropean-tour%2Fbmw-pga-championship-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittner2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wittner, Andreas (3 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article227103/Als-die-Englaender-noch-dauernd-siegten.html">"Als die Engländer noch dauernd siegten"</a>. <i>DIE WELT</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120221222248/http://www.welt.de/print-welt/article227103/Als_die_Englaender_noch_dauernd_siegten.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DIE+WELT&rft.atitle=Als+die+Engl%C3%A4nder+noch+dauernd+siegten&rft.date=2006-07-03&rft.aulast=Wittner&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fprint-welt%2Farticle227103%2FAls-die-Englaender-noch-dauernd-siegten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+East+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_East_England" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:South East England">South East England</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/South_East_England#Q48015" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:South East England">South East England</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920072357/http://www.gose.gov.uk/">Government Office for the South East</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secouncils.gov.uk">South East England Councils</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070117170612/http://www.direct.gov.uk/Dl1/Directories/LocalCouncils/LocalGovernmentByRegion/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4003647&chk=FqR7XJ">Government's list of councils in the South East</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitsoutheastengland.com">Tourism Information - Visit South East England</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infobritain.co.uk/South_Eastern_England.htm">Information and History of Southern England </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413175651/http://www.infobritain.co.uk/South_Eastern_England.htm">Archived</a> 13 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.see-in.co.uk">South East England Intelligence Network - facts, figures and research on the South East </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019045032/http://www.businesscommunitydirectory.co.uk/business-sector/south_east_england">South East England Business Community Directory</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Kingdom_articles631" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template talk:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Kingdom_articles631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_British_history" title="Timeline of British history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">Formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_England_and_Scotland_Act_1603" title="Union of England and Scotland Act 1603">Union of England and Scotland Act 1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_with_Scotland_(Amendment)_Act_1707" title="Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707">Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar</a></li> <li>Second World War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">civilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">military</a></li></ul></li> <li>Postwar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">social</a></li></ul></li> <li>Since 1979 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Maritime history of the United Kingdom">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mass_surveillance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of mass surveillance in the United Kingdom">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military history of the United Kingdom">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">Women's history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">Former colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coastline of the United Kingdom">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Great_Britain" title="Geology of Great Britain">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_and_lochs_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of lakes and lochs of the United Kingdom">Lakes and lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of rivers of the United Kingdom">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of volcanoes in the United Kingdom">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">hydraulic frac.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">wind</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">Hunting</a></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wildlife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Great_Britain" title="Fauna of Great Britain">fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Flora of Great Britain and Ireland">flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Corruption in the United Kingdom">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_parliamentary_by-elections" title="UK parliamentary by-elections">By-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_leaders_of_British_political_parties" title="List of female leaders of British political parties">Female party leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political scandals in the United Kingdom">Political scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_United_Kingdom,_the_British_Crown_Dependencies_and_United_Kingdom_Overseas_Territories" title="List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories">Stock exchanges</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Exchange</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus transport">Bus transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Driving in the United Kingdom">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United Kingdom">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Society of the United Kingdom">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Drug policy of the United Kingdom">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_inequality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom">Environmental inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Health in the United Kingdom">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunger in the United Kingdom">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern immigration to the United Kingdom">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries" title="List of British innovations and discoveries">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of British regions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mental health in the United Kingdom">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prostitution in the United Kingdom">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social care in the United Kingdom">Social care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social class in the United Kingdom">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Suicide in the United Kingdom">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universal basic income in the United Kingdom">Universal basic income (UBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_national_identity" title="British national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sport in the United Kingdom">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_the_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of the British">Stereotypes of the British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_society" title="English society">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Timeline of English history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_England" title="Healthcare in England">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Geography_and_climate" title="Northern Ireland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Symbols" title="Northern Ireland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Outline of the United Kingdom">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_United_Kingdom%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of United Kingdom–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom" title="Category:United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Regions_of_England122" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_regions" title="Template:English regions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_regions" title="Template talk:English regions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_regions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English regions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=England&#124;link=England_Regions_of_England122" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_South_East_England185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SE_England" title="Template:SE England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SE_England" title="Template talk:SE England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SE_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SE England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_South_East_England185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">South East England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/200px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/300px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg/400px-South_East_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewes_District" title="Lewes District">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rother_District" title="Rother District">Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealden_District" title="Wealden District">Wealden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke_and_Deane" title="Basingstoke and Deane">Basingstoke and Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hampshire" title="East Hampshire">East Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Eastleigh" title="Borough of Eastleigh">Eastleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fareham" title="Borough of Fareham">Fareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosport" title="Gosport">Gosport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_District" title="Hart District">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Havant" title="Borough of Havant">Havant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_District" title="New Forest District">New Forest</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushmoor" title="Rushmoor">Rushmoor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Valley" title="Test Valley">Test Valley</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Ashford" title="Borough of Ashford">Ashford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_District" title="Dover District">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_District" title="Folkestone and Hythe District">Folkestone and Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Maidstone" title="Borough of Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_District" title="Sevenoaks District">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Borough of Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherwell_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherwell District">Cherwell</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Oxfordshire" title="South Oxfordshire">South Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_White_Horse" title="Vale of White Horse">Vale of White Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oxfordshire" title="West Oxfordshire">West Oxfordshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Elmbridge" title="Borough of Elmbridge">Elmbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom_and_Ewell" title="Epsom and Ewell">Epsom and Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Guildford" title="Borough of Guildford">Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_Valley" title="Mole Valley">Mole Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigate_and_Banstead" title="Reigate and Banstead">Reigate and Banstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Runnymede" title="Borough of Runnymede">Runnymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Spelthorne" title="Borough of Spelthorne">Spelthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Heath" title="Surrey Heath">Surrey Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandridge_District" title="Tandridge District">Tandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Waverley" title="Borough of Waverley">Waverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adur_District" title="Adur District">Adur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_District" title="Arun District">Arun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chichester_District" title="Chichester District">Chichester</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham_District" title="Horsham District">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Sussex_District" title="Mid Sussex District">Mid Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EnglandSouthEast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EnglandSouthEast.png/15px-EnglandSouthEast.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EnglandSouthEast.png/23px-EnglandSouthEast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EnglandSouthEast.png/31px-EnglandSouthEast.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="247" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_East_England" title="Portal:South East England">South East England</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1232" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1232" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48015#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/691144783203076846256">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1271381/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh95000084">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12194739d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12194739d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Anglie jihovýchodní"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge714680&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007530249605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030555175">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&oldid=1274605389">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_East_England&oldid=1274605389</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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