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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>British occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landscape_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landscape_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Landscape and environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landscape_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna_and_Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna_and_Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fauna and Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna_and_Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Important_Bird_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Important_Bird_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Important Bird Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Important_Bird_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_Risks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_Risks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Natural Risks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_Risks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earthquakes_and_tsunamis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquakes_and_tsunamis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Earthquakes and tsunamis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquakes_and_tsunamis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volcanic_eruptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volcanic_eruptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Volcanic eruptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volcanic_eruptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Tropical cyclones and storm surges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Administrative organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Political history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marie-Galante_Country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marie-Galante_Country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Marie-Galante Country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marie-Galante_Country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports_groups_and_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_groups_and_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Sports groups and associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_groups_and_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporting_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporting_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sporting events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sporting_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Festivities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marie-Galante</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мары-Галан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мары-Галан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari-Galant" title="Mari-Galant – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mari-Galant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF-%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Μαρί-Γκαλάντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρί-Γκαλάντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marigalante" title="Marigalante – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marigalante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EA%B0%88%EB%9E%80%ED%8A%B8%EC%84%AC" title="마리갈란트섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마리갈란트섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98" title="מארי גאלאנט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארי גאלאנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marigalant" title="Marigalant – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Marigalant" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marigalanta" title="Marigalanta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Marigalanta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Galantas" title="Mari Galantas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mari Galantas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E5%B3%B6" title="マリー・ガラント島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリー・ガラント島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Мари-Галант – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мари-Галант" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marie-Galante" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Марі-Галан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марі-Галан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ماری گیلانت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Marie-Galante&params=15_56_N_61_16_W_type:isle_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°56′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°16′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.933°N 61.267°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.933; -61.267</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">An island of Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1934 film, see <a href="/wiki/Marie_Galante_(film)" title="Marie Galante (film)">Marie Galante (film)</a>.</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Marie-Galante&params=15_56_N_61_16_W_type:isle_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°56′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°16′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.933°N 61.267°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.933; -61.267</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Marie-Galante</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native">Native name: <div class="nickname"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marie-Galante</i></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Guadeloupe_map.png/260px-Guadeloupe_map.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Guadeloupe_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="336" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of Guadeloupe, with Marie-Galante in the south</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Antilles_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marie-Galante is located in Lesser Antilles"><img alt="Marie-Galante is located in Lesser Antilles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lesser_Antilles_location_map.svg/260px-Lesser_Antilles_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lesser_Antilles_location_map.svg/390px-Lesser_Antilles_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lesser_Antilles_location_map.svg/520px-Lesser_Antilles_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1156" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.386%;left:80.994%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Marie-Galante"><img alt="Marie-Galante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Marie-Galante</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lesser Antilles</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caribbean_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marie-Galante is located in Caribbean"><img alt="Marie-Galante is located in Caribbean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Caribbean_location_map.svg/260px-Caribbean_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Caribbean_location_map.svg/390px-Caribbean_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Caribbean_location_map.svg/520px-Caribbean_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3690" data-file-height="2323" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.46%;left:90.667%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Marie-Galante"><img alt="Marie-Galante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Marie-Galante</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Caribbean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Caribbean Sea</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">158.1 km<sup>2</sup> (61.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">204 m (669 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data">Morne Constant</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b>France</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">10,867 (2016)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">AST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-4:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-4:00">UTC-4:00</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marie-Galante</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[maʁi<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡalɑ̃t]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Antillean_Creole" title="Antillean Creole">Antillean Creole</a>: <i lang="gcf">Mawigalant</i> or <span title="Guadeloupean Creole French-language text"><i lang="gcf">Marigalant</i></span>) is one of the <a href="/wiki/Dependencies_of_Guadeloupe" title="Dependencies of Guadeloupe">dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas department</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marie-Galante has a land area of 158.1 km<sup>2</sup> (61.0 square miles). It had 11,528 inhabitants at the start of 2013, but by the start of 2018 the total was officially estimated to be 10,655, with a <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> of 62.5/km<sup>2</sup> (162/sq mi). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Galante is divided into three <a href="/wiki/Commune_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune in France">communes</a> (with populations as of 1 January 2013): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Bourg" title="Grand-Bourg">Grand-Bourg</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (5,564 residents),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante" title="Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante">Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante</a> (3,389) and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Guadeloupe" title="Saint-Louis, Guadeloupe">Saint-Louis</a> (2,575).</li></ul> <p>These three communes formed an <a href="/wiki/Commune_in_France#Intercommunality" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune in France">intercommunal</a> entity in 1994: the Community of Communes of Marie-Galante (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">communauté de communes de Marie-Galante</i>). This is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Commune_in_France#Intercommunality" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune in France">intercommunal</a> structure of the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">overseas regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moulin_Bezard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Moulin_Bezard.jpg/300px-Moulin_Bezard.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Moulin_Bezard.jpg/450px-Moulin_Bezard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Moulin_Bezard.jpg/600px-Moulin_Bezard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Moulin Bezard, Historic Monument of France, windmill built around 1840, stopped working around 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_de_l%27isle_de_Mari-Galante._LOC_74691009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Carte_de_l%27isle_de_Mari-Galante._LOC_74691009.jpg/220px-Carte_de_l%27isle_de_Mari-Galante._LOC_74691009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Carte_de_l%27isle_de_Mari-Galante._LOC_74691009.jpg/330px-Carte_de_l%27isle_de_Mari-Galante._LOC_74691009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Carte_de_l%27isle_de_Mari-Galante._LOC_74691009.jpg/440px-Carte_de_l%27isle_de_Mari-Galante._LOC_74691009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2372" data-file-height="3548" /></a><figcaption>Map of the island of Marie-Galante, Belin Jacques Nicolas, 1764.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Huecoids are the oldest known civilizations to have occupied Marie-Galante, followed by <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawaks</a>, and then by the <a href="/wiki/Island_Caribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Caribs">Island Caribs</a> circa 850. The island was called <i>Aichi</i> by the Caribs and <i>Touloukaera</i> by the Arawaks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_exploration">Spanish exploration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spanish exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Galante was the second island encountered by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> during his <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus#Second_voyage" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">second voyage</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>. On 3 November 1493, he anchored at the islet now called <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Anse Ballet</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Grand-Bourg" title="Grand-Bourg">Grand-Bourg</a>, and named the island in honor of the flagship <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marigalante</i></span></i> (‘gallant Mary’) of the second voyage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his second voyage to the West Indies, he designated the first island he found as La Deseada, both islands were registered under Spanish sovereignty in the respective acts. According to L. Martinez de Isasti, a century after the encounter, the name is due to Captain Vasco Martin Cotillos who chose the name of his wife for the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_colonization">French colonization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 8, 1648, Governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hou%C3%ABl_du_Petit_Pr%C3%A9" title="Charles Houël du Petit Pré">Charles Houël du Petit Pré</a> organized the first occupation: about fifty men lived near the site called <i>Vieux Fort</i> "Old Fort". Jacques de Boisseret bought the island back from the French Company of the Islands of America on September 4, 1649. In 1653, the Carib Indians slaughtered the few remaining colonists who had not surrendered to the harsh living conditions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">Sugarcane</a>, which probably originated in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, had been imported to the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> by Christopher Columbus. As sugar became a commodity, it was cultivated in Guadeloupe from 1654 by deported Brazilian colonists who created the first sugar plantations equipped with small ox-powered mills to crush the cane. </p><p>In 1660, at <a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> Chateau, a peace treaty was signed in which the Caribs authorized the French and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> to settle on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_(Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent (Antilles)">Saint Vincent</a>. With the island now at peace, the availability of mill technology was developing into a plantation-based economy by using <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">enslaved Africans</a>. </p><p>In 1664, Madame de Boisseret gave up her rights to Marie-Galante to the Company of the West Indies, and the island then had its first four ox-powered mills. In 1665, her son Monsieur de Boisseret de Temericourt became the island's governor. The map of the island he established carries his coat of arms. During the second half of the 17th century, the first enslaved people were brought from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> to Marie-Galante to cultivate plantations. In 1671, 57% of the inhabitants were black. Jewish Dutch exiles from <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> also settled, bringing new methods for the cultivation of cane sugar. </p><p>In 1676, a Dutch fleet abducted the population and plundered its facilities. After the repopulation of the island, its new inhabitants were attacked for the third time by the Dutch and by the British in 1690 and 1691. These raids, which resulted in the destruction of the mills, the refineries and the depopulation of the island, caused the Governor-General of <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> to forbid the re-population of the island until 1696. The British retook the island from 1759 to 1763, during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%E2%80%99_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Years’ War">Seven Years’ War</a>. </p><p>Windmills were first seen in 1780. By 1830, 105 mills were put in place, half of which were still ox-drawn. Today, 72 mill towers are still standing. From November 1792 to 1794, Marie-Galante, which was <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republican</a>, separated itself from the royalist government of Guadeloupe. European <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">enslavement of Africans</a> was first abolished in 1794. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_occupation">British occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British captured Guadeloupe, and with it Marie-Galante, <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">la Désirade</a>, and all Guadeloupe's dependencies, in April 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> in 1802 restored them to France. With the restoration, the enslavement of Africans too was reinstated in 1802. </p><p> In March 1808 the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> took possession of Marie-Galante to stop French privateers using its port.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August a small French force attempted to recapture the island but the British garrison, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>, augmented by Sir Alexander Cochrane's first <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Colonial_Marines" title="Corps of Colonial Marines">Colonial Marines</a>, newly recruited from escaped enslaved Africans of the island, and by some troops from the 1st <a href="/wiki/West_India_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="West India Regiment">West India Regiment</a>, defeated and captured the French.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British returned the island to France in 1815.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Habitation_Roussel-Trianon.Ecuries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Habitation_Roussel-Trianon.Ecuries.jpg/300px-Habitation_Roussel-Trianon.Ecuries.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Habitation_Roussel-Trianon.Ecuries.jpg/450px-Habitation_Roussel-Trianon.Ecuries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Habitation_Roussel-Trianon.Ecuries.jpg/600px-Habitation_Roussel-Trianon.Ecuries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of the Trianon Sugar Factory established in 1669</figcaption></figure><p>Enslavement of Africans finally came to an end in 1848, thanks to the combined efforts of abolitionists, such as <a href="/wiki/Victor_Sch%C5%93lcher" title="Victor Schœlcher">Victor Schœlcher</a>, and repeated revolts of enslaved Africans. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legislative elections of June 24 and June 25, 1849, the first time former enslaved Africans were permitted to vote, were disrupted by the bloody violence of protesters which had risen up out of the black majority in response to ballot-rigging orchestrated by wealthy white plantation owners. Many black people were killed during these uprisings which led to the dumping of <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> and sugar from the Pirogue plantation into a nearby pond. Today this pond is known as <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">la mare au punch</i></span></i> (‘the Punch Pond’) in memory of these tragic events. </p><p>Guadeloupe (<a href="/wiki/Grande-Terre" title="Grande-Terre">Grande-Terre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Basse-Terre Island">Basse-Terre</a>), along with its dependencies (Marie-Galante, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_(island)" title="Saint Martin (island)">Saint Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_des_Saintes" title="Îles des Saintes">Îles des Saintes</a> and la Désirade), have been an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas department</a> since 1946 and a single-department <a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">overseas region</a> since 1982. Within Marie-Galante the three communes are <a href="/wiki/Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante" title="Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante">Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand-Bourg" title="Grand-Bourg">Grand-Bourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Guadeloupe" title="Saint-Louis, Guadeloupe">Saint-Louis</a>. Together, these were designated as an intercommunal entity on January 8, 1994, the first to be created in an overseas department. In 2007, Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy each became an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">overseas collectivity</a>, making them politically separate from Guadeloupe. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Steven_Callahan" title="Steven Callahan">Steven Callahan</a>, who was lost at sea in a small (5-foot-6-inch (1.7 m) inside diameter) Avon life raft for 76 days, was found alive on April 21, 1982, off the coast of Marie-Galante by local fishermen Paulinus Williams, Jules Paquet and Jean-Louis Paquet, from neighbouring Guadeloupe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gueule_grand_gouffre_Marie-Galante.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gueule_grand_gouffre_Marie-Galante.jpg/299px-Gueule_grand_gouffre_Marie-Galante.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gueule_grand_gouffre_Marie-Galante.jpg/449px-Gueule_grand_gouffre_Marie-Galante.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gueule_grand_gouffre_Marie-Galante.jpg/599px-Gueule_grand_gouffre_Marie-Galante.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1919" /></a><figcaption>Gueule Grand Gouffre, Marie-Galante</figcaption></figure> <p>Marie-Galante comprises three <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">communes of France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand-Bourg" title="Grand-Bourg">Grand-Bourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante" title="Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante">Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Guadeloupe" title="Saint-Louis, Guadeloupe">Saint-Louis, Guadeloupe</a>, with a combined 1999 census population of 12,488 inhabitants. The island is more commonly known as <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">la grande galette</i></span></i> (‘the Big Biscuit’) due to its round shape and almost flat surface; its highest peak, the <i>Morne Constant Hill</i>, rises to 204 m. Formerly having over 106 sugar mills, it is also called "the Island of a Hundred Windmills" (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">lîle aux cent moulins</i>). The island is undulating substrate calcareous, cooled by the <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> and subject to <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>. </p><p>The northern coast is characterized by a high cliff. A fault line called the "Bar" separates the northern quarter from the remainder of the island. To the west, beaches and mangroves extend along the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>. The rivers of Saint-Louis and the Vieux-Fort run through the plateau that sits at the centre of Marie-Galante. In the East and the South, the plateau descends sharply to a coastal plain skirting the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> from which it is protected by a barrier <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Galante is located in the northern hemisphere, it belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a>) archipelago, between the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Earth's equator</a>. It is located at 15°56' north latitude and 61°16' west longitude. </p><p>The island is about 6,200 km from mainland France, about 2,200 km southeast of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, about 580 km from the coast of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> (<a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>) and, more specifically, with Guadeloupe, in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography,_geology_and_hydrography"><span id="Topography.2C_geology_and_hydrography"></span>Topography, geology and hydrography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Topography, geology and hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island of Marie-Galante is an elevated <a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">atoll</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resting on a rugged <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> substrate, located on the outer arc of the Caribbean plate. A fault called "la Barre" separates the northern quarter from the rest of the island. The north coast, facing Grande-Terre, is characterized by a high cliff, while the highest point, the Morne Constant (204 m altitude), is located to the east, in the territory of the municipality of Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante. </p><p>The island has one main islet: </p> <ul><li>l'îlet du Vieux-Fort or Vieux-Fort Islet.</li></ul> <p>Two rivers flow there after crossing the island's <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> from the heart of the island: </p> <ul><li>The Vieux-Fort River (the second most important river on the island) - located in the north in the territory of the commune of Saint-Louis, it flows from east to west of the island of Marie-Galante, flows into the Atlantic Ocean south of the place called Vieux-Fort, which was the first European settlement on the island,6 at the height of the Anse du Vieux-Fort.</li> <li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Galante_-_on_the_beach_(407689602).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Marie_Galante_-_on_the_beach_%28407689602%29.jpg/300px-Marie_Galante_-_on_the_beach_%28407689602%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="451" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Marie_Galante_-_on_the_beach_%28407689602%29.jpg/450px-Marie_Galante_-_on_the_beach_%28407689602%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Marie_Galante_-_on_the_beach_%28407689602%29.jpg/600px-Marie_Galante_-_on_the_beach_%28407689602%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Beach on Marie Galante</figcaption></figure>The Saint-Louis River (formerly the Saint-François River), 17.3 km long,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the main river on the island. It rises to about 160 meters above sea level, at a place called Nesmond, in Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante, and then crosses the island from east to west through its middle and separates the <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> of Saint-Louis to the north from that of Grand-Bourg to the south. This watercourse, fed by the waters of many small ravines and streams, flows into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> south of the town of Saint-Louis, at the northern boundary of the Folle-Anse <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marsh</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Galante, like the rest of the Guadeloupe archipelago, enjoys a tropical climate tempered by the maritime influences and the trade winds to which it is subjected. </p><p>There are two seasons on Marie-Galante and the neighboring islands: a <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> locally called carême which runs from January to June, and a <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> locally called hivernage from July to December. </p><p>As for the <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, with an average of 27 °C, there is little difference between the hottest months (from 25 °C to 32 °C) and the coldest (from 23 °C to 29 °C). Marie-Galante and its limestone plateaus can regularly suffer from severe droughts. The average seawater temperature is 28 °C. </p><p>Finally, the island is subject to hurricanes from May to November. These <a href="/wiki/Hurricanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricanes">hurricanes</a> form locally in the Antilles or off Cape Verde, in Africa, and drift in the trade winds from the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landscape_and_environment">Landscape and environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Landscape and environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the north of the <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> the landscape is characterized by the presence of a limestone cliff. To the east and south, the plateau becomes "mornes" to slope towards a coastal plain. The latter borders the Atlantic Ocean, from which it is protected by a barrier <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a>, the cays. To the west of the island, opposite Basse-Terre, beaches and mangroves extend along the Caribbean Sea and a natural coastal <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> extends into the part corresponding to the Folle-Anse Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marie-Galante is a biodiversity hotspot. Like the other <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>, it emerged from the ocean less than five million years ago. This isolation has favored the emergence of a high rate of endemism. The archipelago was completely covered by forests before the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century. This arrival was accompanied by biological invasions and land clearing that had a serious impact on <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>. </p><p>Many species have disappeared from the <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a>, and the natural environments of Marie-Galante are suffering somewhat from the retreat of the <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a>, the accelerated urbanization of recent years and the development of crops, especially sugar cane, all of which have reduced the importance of the forest and even caused it to disappear in some places. The cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> has left its mark on the non-mountainous <a href="/wiki/Landscapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscapes">landscapes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> (mainly exporting) of sugar cane, alcohol (rum) continues to be strongly encouraged, to make it more "sustainable" and to stop its recession by <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the French State and the local authorities (Region and Department). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie-Galante_-_Tortue_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Marie-Galante_-_Tortue_%282%29.JPG/305px-Marie-Galante_-_Tortue_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="305" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Marie-Galante_-_Tortue_%282%29.JPG/458px-Marie-Galante_-_Tortue_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Marie-Galante_-_Tortue_%282%29.JPG/610px-Marie-Galante_-_Tortue_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Group of turtles on the island</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna_and_Flora">Fauna and Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fauna and Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the island of Marie-Galante you can find <a href="/wiki/Reptiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptiles">reptiles</a> such as the red-footed tortoise or molokoï, a species of gecko locally called mabouia and small lizards called anolis. </p><p>Some sea turtles also come to lay their eggs. </p><p>A variety of <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crab</a> locally called touloulou is quite common. </p><p>To the west of the island there is a <a href="/wiki/Stenopus_hispidus" title="Stenopus hispidus">coral bank</a> at about 20 meters depth. </p><p>And seagrass beds populate the coastal sandy bottoms, discontinuously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preservation">Preservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Marie-Galante, the <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a> have almost disappeared, but there is one located in Vieux-Fort, Saint-Louis. Part of the terrestrial animal and plant heritage has been degraded as a result of human activities, except in the west, northwest, towards Saint-Louis, where the poorly developed fringing reefs still harbor many marine species. </p><p>Since 1992, Marie-Galante has been part of the <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">biosphere reserve</a> of the Guadeloupe archipelago. Guadeloupe, thanks in part to its islands, has become the overseas department with the most protected areas, including a <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Important_Bird_Area">Important Bird Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Important Bird Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red-billed_Tropicbird_(Phaethon_aethereus)_(4089464789).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red-billed_Tropicbird_%28Phaethon_aethereus%29_%284089464789%29.jpg/283px-Red-billed_Tropicbird_%28Phaethon_aethereus%29_%284089464789%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red-billed_Tropicbird_%28Phaethon_aethereus%29_%284089464789%29.jpg/425px-Red-billed_Tropicbird_%28Phaethon_aethereus%29_%284089464789%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red-billed_Tropicbird_%28Phaethon_aethereus%29_%284089464789%29.jpg/566px-Red-billed_Tropicbird_%28Phaethon_aethereus%29_%284089464789%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3563" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption>Red-billed tropicbirds breed in the IBA</figcaption></figure> <p>A 1,780 ha, 14 km long, stretch of Marie-Galante's northern coastline, encompassing the 120 m high cliffs, their inshore waters and the flat islet of Vieux Fort, has been recognised as an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because it supports <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabird</a> breeding <a href="/wiki/Bird_colony" title="Bird colony">colonies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Red-billed_tropicbird" title="Red-billed tropicbird">red-billed tropicbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_noddy" title="Brown noddy">brown noddies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bridled_tern" title="Bridled tern">bridled terns</a>. The presence of <a href="/wiki/Audubon%27s_shearwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon's shearwater">Audubon's shearwaters</a> has also been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_Risks">Natural Risks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Natural Risks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maria Galante is subject to many natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and tropical cyclones. It has been the subject of a specific risk prevention plan.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earthquakes_and_tsunamis">Earthquakes and tsunamis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Earthquakes and tsunamis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 21, 2004, Marie-Galante, Guadeloupe and, in particular, the Saintes archipelago were hit by a violent earthquake measuring 6.3 on the <a href="/wiki/Richter_scale" title="Richter scale">Richter scale</a>, which caused the death of one person and extensive material damage. </p><p>On November 29, 2007, an earthquake measuring between 6.8 and 7.3 on the Richter scale, with its epicenter southeast of Roseau, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, shook the Antilles. The earthquake was felt strongly in Marie-Galante, but did not cause significant damage. </p><p>The earthquake of February 8, 1843 is, to this day, the most violent earthquake known. It caused the death of more than a thousand people, as well as very significant damage in Pointe-à-Pitre.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volcanic_eruptions">Volcanic eruptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Volcanic eruptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/La_Soufri%C3%A8re_(volcano)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Soufrière (volcano)">La Soufrière</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> located on the island of Basse-Terre in the Guadeloupe archipelago. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plage_de_Folle_Anse_on_Marie-Galante.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Plage_de_Folle_Anse_on_Marie-Galante.jpg/307px-Plage_de_Folle_Anse_on_Marie-Galante.jpg" decoding="async" width="307" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Plage_de_Folle_Anse_on_Marie-Galante.jpg/461px-Plage_de_Folle_Anse_on_Marie-Galante.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Plage_de_Folle_Anse_on_Marie-Galante.jpg/614px-Plage_de_Folle_Anse_on_Marie-Galante.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Folle Anse Beach, Marie-Galante</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges">Tropical cyclones and storm surges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tropical cyclones and storm surges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> islands are often in the path of tropical <a href="/wiki/Hurricanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricanes">hurricanes</a>. Located in a very exposed region, Marie-Galante has to face many cyclones. The island is subject to the passage of hurricanes from May to November. They form locally in the West Indies or off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and drift in the easterly trade winds. </p><p>The deadliest hurricane to hit Guadeloupe and its islands was the Pointe-à-Pitre hurricane of 1776, which killed at least 6,000 people.12 On September 16, 1989, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hurricane Hugo</a> caused severe damage to the islands of the archipelago. In 1995, three cyclones (<a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iris_(1995)" title="Hurricane Iris (1995)">Iris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Luis" title="Hurricane Luis">Luis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Marilyn</a>) hit the archipelago in less than three weeks. In September 2017, Marie-Galante faced <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a>, category 5, 4 deaths in Guadeloupe and sustained winds of up to 215 km/h, much higher gusts in Marie-Galante and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_des_Saintes" title="Îles des Saintes">Les Saintes</a>. </p><p>Since the passage of Hurricane Maria on September 18 in the Lesser Antilles, particularly in Dominica, where the eye of the cyclone passed, the archipelago of Guadeloupe, including "mainland Guadeloupe" and Marie-Galante saw the arrival of a mass exodus from <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, Dominiquais coming to take refuge on neighboring islands of their own, destroyed and almost unlivable. The archipelago also suffered the same phenomenon, this time coming from St. Martin, after the passage, from September 6 to 10, of Hurricane Irma, category 5, considered the most powerful hurricane in the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> since 1980. </p><p>Some of the most notable hurricanes to have hit Guadeloupe and the islands of the archipelago in the 20th and 21st centuries include </p><p>September 12, 1928: <a href="/wiki/1928_Okeechobee_hurricane" title="1928 Okeechobee hurricane">Okeechobee hurricane</a>; August 11, 1956: <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy_(1956)" title="Hurricane Betsy (1956)">Hurricane Betsy</a>; October 26, 1963: <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Storm Helena">Tropical Storm Helena</a>; August 22, 1964: <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cleo" title="Hurricane Cleo">Hurricane Cleo</a>, category 3, strong (14 deaths); September 27, 1966: <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Inez" title="Hurricane Inez">Hurricane Inez</a>; September 16–17, 1989: <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hurricane Hugo</a>; September 14–15, 1995: <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Hurricane Marilyn</a>, September 6, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Hurricane Irma</a>; September 18 and 19, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The colonial economy was based on the cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>. But from the 17th century, sugar cane became an important source of income. This continued into the 19th and 20th centuries, adapting to the abolition of the enslavement of Africans and the great sugar crisis. </p><p>During the dominance of the sugar cane industry, Marie-Galante acquired the nickname "the island with a hundred mills". In 1818 there were over one hundred mills to process sugar cane. The cane juice was transformed into sugar or rum. The mills were originally powered by <a href="/wiki/Oxen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxen">oxen</a>, replaced by windmills from 1780, in turn replaced by steam powered mills from 1883. </p><p>The 19th century brought the disappearance of the former economic model. Gradually the small-scale sugar refining was processed in larger factories, by 1885 the five sites controlled the industry. In 1931, eighteen sugar distilleries and four factories were in production. In the 20th century, the large enslaved African plantations were forcibly abolished and gave place to small farms, organized into co-operatives. But agriculture in the French West Indies is subject to <a href="/wiki/Global_Co-opetition" title="Global Co-opetition">global competition</a> and by the beginning of the 21st century, one sugar refinery (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">usine de Grande-Anse</i></span>) and three distilleries (Bellevue, Bielle, and Poisson) remained on Marie-Galante. The white rum they produced is subject to an <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e" title="Appellation d'origine contrôlée">appellation d'origine contrôlée</a></i></span></i>. Organic sugar production could be an innovative development, but the current political situation ended European subsidies putting the current agricultural practices in jeopardy and thus threatens the economic future of Marie-Galante and its inhabitants. </p><p>Remnants of the old economy still exist and Marie-Galante's rich history is a tourist attraction: a nature trail with 70 points of interest including two restored windmills (the Bézard Mill and the Bellevue Distillery), colonial dwellings and old sugar refineries (the Murat House and Mill) produces a network of paths for hikers to discover the island and its people. </p><p>Like the other islands in the region, Marie-Galante has undergone the economic transformation accompanying tourism. But the tourism development is based on a policy of conserving nature and heritage, whether it is <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a>, colonial or contemporary. <a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante_Airport" title="Marie-Galante Airport">Marie-Galante Airport</a> is located on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pointe_des_Basses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pointe des Basses (page does not exist)">Pointe des Basses</a>, halfway between Grand-Bourg and Capesterre making access to the airport difficult. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Galante had 25,400<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inhabitants in 1930, 30,000 in 1946 and 30,200 in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to an exodus of residents going to Guadeloupe and to Metropolitan France, the island's population was reduced to 12,009 inhabitants in the 2006 census. This population decline is related to the decline in the sugar cane <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a>. By the start of 2018 the population was estimated to be 10,655. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> in 2018 was 62.5/km<sup>2</sup> (162/sq mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory of Marie-Galante is part of the Academy of Guadeloupe and is included in the Pôle Grande-Terre Nord which includes the districts of Grande-Terre Nord, Sainte-Anne and Saint-François. </p><p>The island has </p> <ul><li>Several elementary schools, including a <a href="/wiki/Independent_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school">private school</a>.</li> <li>Three <i>collèges</i> (<a href="/wiki/Junior_high_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior high school">junior high schools</a>)</li> <li>The Lycée Hyacinthe-Bastaraud (<a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a>), which has the particularity of having a preparatory class for the entrance exam to the National Merchant Navy School, a Science-Po workshop and a fishing section</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Galante has : </p> <ul><li>A hospital (Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie) located in Grand-Bourg, which no longer has a <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">maternity ward</a> since September 2012</li> <li>A clinic located in the same place</li> <li>A home <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitalization</a> establishment in May 2017</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_organization">Administrative organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Administrative organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island of Marie-Galante is composed of 3 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities">municipalities</a>: Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante, Grand-Bourg (head) and Saint-Louis-de-Marie-Galante, grouped into the Community of Communes of Marie-Galante (C.C.M.G) whose headquarters is in the town of Grand-Bourg. </p><p>Marie-Galante is currently part of the Pointe-à-Pitre <a href="/wiki/District" title="District">district</a>. </p><p>While before the cantonal redistribution of 2014 the island territory was divided into 3 cantons, since 2015 it has only one <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">canton</a>: that of Marie-Galante. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_history">Political history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Political history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the beginning of <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonization</a>, Marie-Galante has been administratively attached to the district of Pointe-à-Pitre, except during the revolutionary period of 1793–1794. And during this short period, while the rest of the Guadeloupe archipelago remained monarchical, this territory was republican. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marie-Galante_Country">Marie-Galante Country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Marie-Galante Country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term Country (<i>Pays</i> in French) is sometimes used to designate the typical and traditional characters that have developed in the territory of Marie-Galante. </p><p>Being designated as a country, according to the terms of the Community of Communes of Marie-Galante, should "allow a better definition and affirmation of the uniqueness and specificity of the territory of Marie-Galante, as well as its ethnocultural diversity".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie-Galante.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marie-Galante.JPG/290px-Marie-Galante.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marie-Galante.JPG/435px-Marie-Galante.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marie-Galante.JPG/580px-Marie-Galante.JPG 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Road and palm trees in Marie Galante</figcaption></figure> <p>The island has an <a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante_Airport" title="Marie-Galante Airport">airfield</a> that is not served by any <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">airline</a>. The connection with the islands of Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique and other islands of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> is made by boat. </p><p>In 2017, two major competing companies each run about three daily rotations between the seaports of Grand-Bourg, Saint-Louis and the seaport of Bergevin in Pointe-à-Pitre: Valferry and Island Express. Other services are available from Saint-Louis. The crossing takes about one hour. </p><p>Barges from the autonomous port of Pointe-à-Pitre and other vessels allow the daily <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a> of goods from the <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">seaport</a> of Folle Anse, which conducts its transatlantic trade with mainland France and the rest of Europe, as well as with other parts of America, including through the port of Pointe-à-Pitre and Jarry. </p><p>On the island, all common <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a> are allowed. A service of several buses connects daily the three municipalities. There are several cabs and numerous vehicle rental companies (cars and scooters). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy">Energy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The municipality of Saint-Louis has a subsidiary of the Pointe-à-Pitre Chamber of <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">Commerce</a> and Industry, and is developing an experimental <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a> plant project. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farm</a> is installed in the locality of Capesterre, on the site of morne Constant - the place of the island most exposed to prevailing winds - and participates in the objective of energy independence of the island (mainly against fossil fuels) as part of the development of Guadeloupe's electricity system. It consists of twenty-three two-bladed retractable wind turbines with a total installed power of 1,380 kW operated by the company Quadran 5. </p><p>While in 2017 more than two thirds of the <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> consumed on the island is produced by fossil fuel power plants in Guadeloupe and imported by a submarine cable, the elected officials of Marie-Galante have developed an energy autonomy project based on 100% local renewable energies combined with an energy sobriety model and the use of electric vehicles. </p><p>A 7.5 MW <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass power</a> plant will be built, fueled by bagasse (residue from sugar cane crushing) and household waste. It will be complemented by 4 MW of photovoltaic and wind power and an electricity storage facility. In terms of mobility, electric vehicles and charging stations will be deployed. Energy production and consumption will be managed by a virtual power plant and a smart grid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Grand-Bourg <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">municipal stadium</a> is used for training and matches by the US Grand-Bourg <a href="/wiki/Football_team" title="Football team">soccer club</a>. Cycling is represented by the Union vélocipédique marie-galantaise (UVMG). </p><p>The Saint-Louis de Marie-Galante municipal stadium hosts the training and matches of the Saint-Louis Athlétic Club (SLAC). Since January 2020, a three-day jet ski stage race, created by Eric Paulin, organizer of the "Karujet", has been held on the Saint-Louis waterfront.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Baie_de_Saint-Louis_de_Marie-Galante_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/La_Baie_de_Saint-Louis_de_Marie-Galante_01.JPG/300px-La_Baie_de_Saint-Louis_de_Marie-Galante_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/La_Baie_de_Saint-Louis_de_Marie-Galante_01.JPG/450px-La_Baie_de_Saint-Louis_de_Marie-Galante_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/La_Baie_de_Saint-Louis_de_Marie-Galante_01.JPG/600px-La_Baie_de_Saint-Louis_de_Marie-Galante_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>View of Saint-Louis de Marie-Galante and its stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition, the city of Capesterre, after 10 long years of work, inaugurated on July 30 its stadium called <i>Stade José Bade</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a capacity of at least 1,200 seats. It hosts the training sessions and matches of two soccer clubs: </p> <ul><li>Club Amical de Marie-Galante</li> <li>Jeunesse-Sportive de Capesterre</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_groups_and_associations">Sports groups and associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sports groups and associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>UVMG (Union Vélocipédique marie-galantaise)</li> <li>Amical Club de Marie-Galante, soccer club</li> <li>JSC (Jeunesse-Sportive de Capesterre), soccer club</li> <li>USGB (Union Sportive de Grand-Bourg), soccer club</li> <li>CMGVB (Comité de Marie-Galante du Volley Ball), volleyball club. Leslie Turiaf is a notable volleyball player from Marie-Galante.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sporting_events">Sporting events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sporting events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Tour of Marie-Galante Cycling Tour.</li> <li>The Karujet - World Jet Ski Championship in Petit-Bourg, including Marie-Galante.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Galante's <a href="/wiki/Traditional_food" title="Traditional food">traditional dish</a> is known as bébélé. The kilibibi is a delicacy native to the island. The caca-bœuf is a type of <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastry</a> also consumed in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivities">Festivities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Festivities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, families and friends gather at the chanté nowel and the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Market">Christmas Market</a>, organized all over Marie-Galante. It is an opportunity to sing <a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">carols</a> and celebrate. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_lat%C3%A9rale_de_la_sc%C3%A8ne_%C3%A0_Terre_de_Blues_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vue_lat%C3%A9rale_de_la_sc%C3%A8ne_%C3%A0_Terre_de_Blues_2014.jpg/300px-Vue_lat%C3%A9rale_de_la_sc%C3%A8ne_%C3%A0_Terre_de_Blues_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vue_lat%C3%A9rale_de_la_sc%C3%A8ne_%C3%A0_Terre_de_Blues_2014.jpg/450px-Vue_lat%C3%A9rale_de_la_sc%C3%A8ne_%C3%A0_Terre_de_Blues_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Vue_lat%C3%A9rale_de_la_sc%C3%A8ne_%C3%A0_Terre_de_Blues_2014.jpg/600px-Vue_lat%C3%A9rale_de_la_sc%C3%A8ne_%C3%A0_Terre_de_Blues_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Terre de Blues Festival</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> troupes parade every Sunday afternoon through the streets, from January until the carnival festivities in February or March. Every year, at the end of January, a big carnival parade is organized in the main city, Grand-Bourg since 2013, called WOY MI MASS. It gathers about 9,000 to 10,000 people each year and has several carnival groups (with "Po", "Ti Mass" and <a href="/wiki/Drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Drums">drums</a>) which almost all participate in a contest for the best costumes, the best music or the best <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">choreography</a> whose theme is imposed by the carnival committees, on a red carpet in front of a podium under the gaze of spectators and filmed live. </p><p>There is also the Carnival in kabwèt of Marie-Galante, Saint-Louis, a practice that mixes the French tradition of fat oxen and the tradition of Carnival parades. It is an important moment for the safeguarding and promotion of the <a href="/wiki/Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditions">traditions</a> of Marie-Galante and Guadeloupe. The parade consists of about thirty decorated wagons pulled by a couple of oxen, along 22 km in the countryside and in Saint-Louis de Marie-Galante. And since 2014, this carnival of Marie-Galante has been inscribed on the inventory of the intangible heritage of France by <a href="/wiki/Unesco" class="mw-redirect" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a> is the big festival in which carnival groups compete in one of the towns of Marie-Galante depending on the year. Then the next day, on Ash Wednesday, the day that ends the carnival, the mascot of the carnival king, nicknamed Vaval, is burned, marking the end of the festivities, everyone <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parades</a> in black and white (to mark Vaval's mourning), and then the 40 days of Lent begin. </p><p>Most of the population is <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> and respects this period, so the discos are empty, people avoid partying, some only eat fish or do without. But, given the great fondness for celebrations, on "Thursday of Lent" a parade is organized in red and black identical to that of the carnival, with groups of musicians preceded by people parading. </p><p>After this period of deprivation, the <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter celebrations</a> take place, during which families often go camping on the <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beach</a> and eat crab-based dishes: matété (rice cooked with crab), calalou (crabs with Madeira leaves accompanied by white rice) or dombrés aux crabes (flour dumplings cooked with crab). At this time, there are many ox-dragging competitions in which the ox is more than just an agricultural tool. </p><p>At Pentecost, the biggest festival in Marie-Galante and one of the biggest in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, the Terre de Blues festival, a music festival that welcomes between 13,000 and 15,000 festival-goers each year, is held every year. </p><p>In August, the <a href="/wiki/Patronal_festival" title="Patronal festival">patronal feast</a> of Grand-Bourg is celebrated, one of the largest patronal feasts in Guadeloupe. Apart from the patronal feasts of Capesterre and Saint-Louis, Grand-Bourg is the largest and most important of Marie-Galante. Generally, in mid-August, it welcomes about 15 000 spectators in one day. </p><p>October 28 is celebrated as International <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creole Day</a>. </p><p>The young people of Marie-Galante, concerned about their cultural heritage, have created a new trend called Galanta, derived from Marie-Galante, which young people give to the island. This expression is often found in their <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> or in graffiti on some old buildings, streets or <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T-shirts</a> with the effigy of the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constant_d%27Aubign%C3%A9" title="Constant d'Aubigné">Constant d'Aubigné</a> (1585–1647) was governor of Marie-Galante, accompanied by his daughter, Francoise d'Aubigné. Several years later she became <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_d%27Aubign%C3%A9,_Marquise_de_Maintenon" title="Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon">Marquise de Maintenon</a>, secret second wife of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>. Due to her time in the West Indies she was known by the nickname "Beautiful Indian".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEmoff2017" class="citation book cs1">Emoff, Ron (2017-07-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hy8rDwAAQBAJ&dq=Marie-Galante&pg=PA120"><i>Music and the Performance of Identity on Marie-Galante, French Antilles</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55753-5"><bdi>978-1-351-55753-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+and+the+Performance+of+Identity+on+Marie-Galante%2C+French+Antilles&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft.isbn=978-1-351-55753-5&rft.aulast=Emoff&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHy8rDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DMarie-Galante%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuadeloupe1867" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guadeloupe (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9EpHAQAAMAAJ&dq=Marie-Galante&pg=PA92"><i>Bulletin officiel de la Guadeloupe: contenant les acts du gouvernement de la Colonie et de ses dépandances</i></a> (in French). Impr. du Gouvernement.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulletin+officiel+de+la+Guadeloupe%3A+contenant+les+acts+du+gouvernement+de+la+Colonie+et+de+ses+d%C3%A9pandances&rft.pub=Impr.+du+Gouvernement.&rft.date=1867&rft.au=Guadeloupe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9EpHAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DMarie-Galante%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebiereRebiere" class="citation book cs1">Rebiere, Cristina; Rebiere, Olivier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BWl_DwAAQBAJ&q=Marie-Galante"><i>Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante and Saintes islands: Discover a Caribbean paradise!</i></a>. Rebiere.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guadeloupe%2C+Marie-Galante+and+Saintes+islands%3A+Discover+a+Caribbean+paradise%21&rft.pub=Rebiere&rft.aulast=Rebiere&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft.au=Rebiere%2C+Olivier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBWl_DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DMarie-Galante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan1999" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Lynne (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N-R4sqU8M8UC&dq=Marie-Galante+Grand-Bourg&pg=PT127"><i>Martinique, Guateloupe, Dominica and St. Lucia</i></a>. Hunter Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55650-857-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55650-857-8"><bdi>978-1-55650-857-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martinique%2C+Guateloupe%2C+Dominica+and+St.+Lucia&rft.pub=Hunter+Publishing%2C+Inc&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55650-857-8&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN-R4sqU8M8UC%26dq%3DMarie-Galante%2BGrand-Bourg%26pg%3DPT127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00105857">"Moulin Bézard"</a>. <i>www.pop.culture.gouv.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Georgia Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-4359-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-4359-4"><bdi>978-0-8203-4359-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piri+Reis+Map+of+1513&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-4359-4&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=Gregory+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKfwMAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette13659" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/13659/page/461">"No. 13659"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 21 May 1794. pp. 461–462.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+13659&rft.pages=461-462&rft.date=1794-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F13659%2Fpage%2F461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette16141" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/16141/page/603">"No. 16141"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 30 April 1808. pp. 603–604.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+16141&rft.pages=603-604&rft.date=1808-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F16141%2Fpage%2F603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette16201" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/16201/page/1556">"No. 16201"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 15 November 1808. p. 1556.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+16201&rft.pages=1556&rft.date=1808-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F16201%2Fpage%2F1556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islands.unep.ch/ISL.htm#478">"Islands of Guadeloupe (France)"</a>. <i>islands.unep.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=islands.unep.ch&rft.atitle=Islands+of+Guadeloupe+%28France%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislands.unep.ch%2FISL.htm%23478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gérard Lafleur, , KARTHALA Editions, 1992, 270 <abbr>p</abbr></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DEAL Guadeloupe et Région Guadeloupe, " », <i>Médiathèque de la Région Guadeloupe</i>, janvier 2012, <abbr>p.</abbr> 64 p</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guadeloupe/la-campagne-sucriere-demarre-enfin-a-marie-galante-981940.html">"La campagne sucrière démarre enfin à Marie-Galante"</a>. <i>Guadeloupe la 1ère</i> (in French). 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guadeloupe+la+1%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=La+campagne+sucri%C3%A8re+d%C3%A9marre+enfin+%C3%A0+Marie-Galante&rft.date=2021-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fguadeloupe%2Fla-campagne-sucriere-demarre-enfin-a-marie-galante-981940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bli-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bli_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/falaises-nord-et-îlet-de-vieux-fort-de-marie-galante-iba-guadeloupe-(to-france)">"Marie-Galante's North Cliffs and Old Fort Island"</a>. <i>BirdLife Data Zone</i>. BirdLife International. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BirdLife+Data+Zone&rft.atitle=Marie-Galante%27s+North+Cliffs+and+Old+Fort+Island&rft.date=2021&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatazone.birdlife.org%2Fsite%2Ffactsheet%2Ffalaises-nord-et-%C3%AElet-de-vieux-fort-de-marie-galante-iba-guadeloupe-%28to-france%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DEAL Guadeloupe et Région Guadeloupe, " », <i>Médiathèque de la Région Guadeloupe</i>, janvier 2012, <abbr>p.</abbr> 64 p</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Regions/Dac-Guadeloupe/Actualites/Archeologie-Grotte-du-Morne-Rita-Marie-Galante">"Archéologie : Grotte du Morne Rita (Marie-Galante)"</a>. <i>www.culture.gouv.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.culture.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Arch%C3%A9ologie+%3A+Grotte+du+Morne+Rita+%28Marie-Galante%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture.gouv.fr%2FRegions%2FDac-Guadeloupe%2FActualites%2FArcheologie-Grotte-du-Morne-Rita-Marie-Galante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">"Westindien". <i>Der Große Brockhaus</i>. Vol. 12: UNK - ZZ. F. A. Brockhaus Wiesbaden. 1957. p. 476.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Westindien&rft.btitle=Der+Gro%C3%9Fe+Brockhaus&rft.pages=476&rft.pub=F.+A.+Brockhaus+Wiesbaden&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paysmariegalante.fr/pays-marie-galante.html">"Pays Marie-Galante | Communauté de Communes de Marie-Galante"</a>. <i>www.paysmariegalante.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.paysmariegalante.fr&rft.atitle=Pays+Marie-Galante+%7C+Communaut%C3%A9+de+Communes+de+Marie-Galante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paysmariegalante.fr%2Fpays-marie-galante.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guadeloupe/mg-race-1ere-edition-coeur-marie-galante-s-emballe-jet-ski-792843.html">"MG Race 1ère édition : le cœur de Marie-Galante s'emballe pour le jet ski"</a>. <i>Guadeloupe la 1ère</i> (in French). 23 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guadeloupe+la+1%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=MG+Race+1%C3%A8re+%C3%A9dition+%3A+le+c%C5%93ur+de+Marie-Galante+s%27emballe+pour+le+jet+ski&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fguadeloupe%2Fmg-race-1ere-edition-coeur-marie-galante-s-emballe-jet-ski-792843.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://int.soccerway.com/venues/guadeloupe/stade-jose-bade/v28688/">"Stade José Bade - Soccerway"</a>. <i>int.soccerway.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=int.soccerway.com&rft.atitle=Stade+Jos%C3%A9+Bade+-+Soccerway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fint.soccerway.com%2Fvenues%2Fguadeloupe%2Fstade-jose-bade%2Fv28688%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pci-lab.fr/en/?option=com_fichesinventaire&view=fiche&Itemid=389&id=64">"Fiches d'inventaire - Patrimoine Culturel Immatériel en France"</a>. <i>www.pci-lab.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pci-lab.fr&rft.atitle=Fiches+d%27inventaire+-+Patrimoine+Culturel+Immat%C3%A9riel+en+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pci-lab.fr%2Fen%2F%3Foption%3Dcom_fichesinventaire%26view%3Dfiche%26Itemid%3D389%26id%3D64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie-Galante" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie-Galante&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ot-mariegalante.com/">Office of Tourism</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teveka.net/">Télévision Locale Marie Galante</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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