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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Invasion_and_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasion_and_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Invasion and uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasion_and_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government-in-exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government-in-exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Government-in-exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-in-exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First session</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_blocks_for_a_new_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Building blocks for a new state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_blocks_for_a_new_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_recognition_and_developments_in_1944" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_recognition_and_developments_in_1944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Allied recognition and developments in 1944</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_recognition_and_developments_in_1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persecution_of_Germans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution_of_Germans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Persecution of Germans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persecution_of_Germans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Third session</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_session-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مجلس التحرير الشعبي لمكافحة الفاشية في يوغوسلافيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس التحرير الشعبي لمكافحة الفاشية في يوغوسلافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антифашистко събрание за народно освобождение на Югославия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антифашистко събрание за народно освобождение на Югославия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%C5%A1isti%C4%8Dko_vije%C4%87e_narodnog_oslobo%C4%91enja_Jugoslavije" title="Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consell_Antifeixista_d%27Alliberament_Nacional_de_Iugosl%C3%A0via" title="Consell Antifeixista d'Alliberament Nacional de Iugoslàvia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consell Antifeixista d'Alliberament Nacional de Iugoslàvia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%C5%A1istick%C3%A1_rada_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%ADho_osvobozen%C3%AD_Jugosl%C3%A1vie" title="Antifašistická rada národního osvobození Jugoslávie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antifašistická rada národního osvobození Jugoslávie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifaschistischer_Rat_der_Nationalen_Befreiung_Jugoslawiens" title="Antifaschistischer Rat der Nationalen Befreiung Jugoslawiens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antifaschistischer Rat der Nationalen Befreiung Jugoslawiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_Antifascista_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Yugoslavia" title="Consejo Antifascista de Liberación Nacional de Yugoslavia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consejo Antifascista de Liberación Nacional de Yugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVNOJ" title="AVNOJ – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="AVNOJ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_antifasciste_de_lib%C3%A9ration_nationale_de_Yougoslavie" title="Conseil antifasciste de libération nationale de Yougoslavie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conseil antifasciste de libération nationale de Yougoslavie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B3%A0%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%ED%95%B4%EB%B0%A9%EC%9D%84_%EC%9C%84%ED%95%9C_%EB%B0%98%ED%8C%8C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="유고슬라비아 민족해방을 위한 반파시스트 평의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유고슬라비아 민족해방을 위한 반파시스트 평의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%C5%A1isti%C4%8Dko_vije%C4%87e_narodnog_oslobo%C4%91enja_Jugoslavije" title="Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Antifasis_untuk_Pembebasan_Nasional_Yugoslavia" title="Dewan Antifasis untuk Pembebasan Nasional Yugoslavia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewan Antifasis untuk Pembebasan Nasional Yugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVNOJ" title="AVNOJ – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="AVNOJ" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoszl%C3%A1via_N%C3%A9pi_Felszabad%C3%ADt%C3%A1s%C3%A1nak_Antifasiszta_Tan%C3%A1csa" title="Jugoszlávia Népi Felszabadításának Antifasiszta Tanácsa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jugoszlávia Népi Felszabadításának Antifasiszta Tanácsa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%88" title="АВНОЈ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="АВНОЈ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVNOJ" title="AVNOJ – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="AVNOJ" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%8F%8D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="ユーゴスラビア人民解放反ファシスト会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユーゴスラビア人民解放反ファシスト会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifascistiske_r%C3%A5d_for_nasjonal_frigj%C3%B8ring_av_Jugoslavia" title="Antifascistiske råd for nasjonal frigjøring av Jugoslavia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antifascistiske råd for nasjonal frigjøring av Jugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antyfaszystowska_Rada_Wyzwolenia_Narodowego_Jugos%C5%82awii" title="Antyfaszystowska Rada Wyzwolenia Narodowego Jugosławii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antyfaszystowska Rada Wyzwolenia Narodowego Jugosławii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conselho_Antifascista_para_a_Liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nacional_da_Iugosl%C3%A1via" title="Conselho Antifascista para a Libertação Nacional da Iugoslávia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conselho Antifascista para a Libertação Nacional da Iugoslávia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiliul_Antifascist_de_Eliberare_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Iugoslaviei" title="Consiliul Antifascist de Eliberare Națională a Iugoslaviei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consiliul Antifascist de Eliberare Națională a Iugoslaviei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Антифашистское вече народного освобождения Югославии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антифашистское вече народного освобождения Югославии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVNOJ" title="AVNOJ – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="AVNOJ" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Антифашистичко веће народног ослобођења Југославије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антифашистичко веће народног ослобођења Југославије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa%C5%A1isti%C4%8Dko_vije%C4%87e_narodnog_oslobo%C4%91enja_Jugoslavije" title="Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavya_Antifa%C5%9Fist_Ulusal_Kurtulu%C5%9F_Konseyi" title="Yugoslavya Antifaşist Ulusal Kurtuluş Konseyi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yugoslavya Antifaşist Ulusal Kurtuluş Konseyi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%97" title="Антифашистське віче народного визволення Югославії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антифашистське віче народного визволення Югославії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVNOJ&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">AVNOJ</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">World War II-era political body established in Yugoslavia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ)</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">Unicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">26 November 1942<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1942-11-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">29 November 1945<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1945-11-29</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Yugoslavia">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ribar" title="Ivan Ribar">Ivan Ribar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">KPJ</a>) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">77 (1942)<br />303 (1943)<br />357 (1945)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly abbreviated as the <b>AVNOJ</b>, was a deliberative and legislative body that was established in <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, in November 1942. It was established by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>, an armed resistance movement led by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> to resist the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis occupation of the country</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>The AVNOJ reconvened in <a href="/wiki/Jajce" title="Jajce">Jajce</a> in 1943 and in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> in 1945, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">war in Europe ended</a>. Between the sessions, it operated through its presidency, its executive council, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia">National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia</a>. The committee was granted authority normally wielded by <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinets</a>. While Tito presided over the committee, the AVNOJ sessions and its presidency were chaired by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ribar" title="Ivan Ribar">Ivan Ribar</a>. The second session of the AVNOJ proclaimed itself Yugoslavia's new legislative body and decided that it should be a <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_federalism" title="Ethnic federalism">multi-ethnic federal state</a>. </p><p>By 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Allies" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Allies">Western Allies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> recognised the AVNOJ as the all-Yugoslav legislative body. The third session of the AVNOJ was convened in preparation of the Constituent Assembly when the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Parliament">Yugoslav Parliament</a> was convened again in 1945. Decisions of the AVNOJ determined there would be six units in the federation and defined their borders. It also took over the position of the legitimate ruling body of Yugoslavia from the government-in-exile in dealings with the Allies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasion_and_uprising">Invasion and uprising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Invasion and uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg/170px-Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg/255px-Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg/340px-Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> led the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> as a resistance to Axis occupation of Yugoslavia</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> acceded to the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a> on 25 March 1941 under pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. The latter sought to protect its southern flank before the planned <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">invasion of the Soviet Union</a>, while ensuring the availability of transport routes and economic resources in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Greco-Italian War</a> was in progress. In response to the pact, Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces generals staged a <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">coup d'état</a> deposing the government and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Paul of Yugoslavia">Prince Regent Paul</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a> General <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister</a> and the regency was abolished by declaring <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II of Yugoslavia</a> of age and thus the king even though he was only seventeen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019121–122_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019121–122-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 April 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis powers invaded</a> and quickly occupied <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Parts of the country were annexed by its neighbours, and the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (NDH) was carved out as a <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a>-ruled Axis <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a>. With the country's defeat imminent, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> (KPJ) instructed its 8,000 members to stockpile weapons in anticipation of armed resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVukšić20039–10_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić20039–10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1941, the armed resistance spread to all areas of the country except <a href="/wiki/Vardar_Macedonia" title="Vardar Macedonia">Macedonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200188_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200188-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Building experience in clandestine operation across the country, the KPJ proceeded to organise the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVukšić200313–15_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić200313–15-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as resistance fighters led by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006113_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006113-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KPJ believed that the German invasion of the Soviet Union had created favourable conditions for an uprising. The KPJ politburo founded the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="Supreme Headquarters (Yugoslav Partisans)">Supreme Headquarters</a> of the National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia with Tito as commander-in-chief on 27 June 1941<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVukšić200310–11_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić200310–11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Partisans waged war against the occupying powers until 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019154_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019154-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>d. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government-in-exile">Government-in-exile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government-in-exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg/220px-DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg/330px-DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg/440px-DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II of Yugoslavia</a> (centre) with the prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a> <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a> (left) and Royal Court Minister <a href="/wiki/Radoje_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87" title="Radoje Knežević">Radoje Knežević</a> (right) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in June 1941 shortly after fleeing Yugoslavia</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">King Peter II</a> and the government fled Yugoslavia in April 1941 when it became apparent the royal army would not be able to defend the country. The decision to abandon organised armed resistance put the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> in a weak position, further eroded by political differences between ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019162_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019162-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government, an extension of the post-coup government led by Simović, based its legitimacy on the <a href="/wiki/1931_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1931 Yugoslav Constitution">1931 Yugoslav Constitution</a>, which made it responsible to the king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991138–140_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991138–140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lost three <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> (HSS) ministers including the party's leader and the deputy prime minister <a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a>, who resigned and stayed in the country. The HSS thus split and lost influence. <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEafer_Kulenovi%C4%87" title="Džafer Kulenović">Džafer Kulenović</a>, the only minister drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Muslim_Organization" title="Yugoslav Muslim Organization">Yugoslav Muslim Organization</a>, also resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150–52_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150–52-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government-in-exile was split along an ethnic line separating the HSS from a bloc of Serb ministers drawn from several disunited parties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991138–140_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991138–140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The divisions deepened because the HSS ministers were reluctant to publicly discuss and condemn <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Ustaše atrocities against Serbs</a> in late 1941. In January 1942, Simović was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a> and his decision to support the <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> widened the rift with the HSS ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991143–144_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991143–144-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jovanović saw the Chetniks as a guerrilla force promising the restoration of the monarchy after the war. In combination with fear of communism, this led him to ignore information about Chetnik collaboration with the Axis powers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019133_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019133-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appoint their leader <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a> the Minister of the Army, Navy and Air Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts197353_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197353-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the government promoted Mihailović to <a href="/wiki/Army_general_(Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia)" title="Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)">Army General</a> and formally renamed the Chetniks the "Yugoslav Army in the Homeland".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001230_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001230-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1943, Jovanović resigned, unable to reunite the ministers, and his replacement <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87_(politician)" title="Miloš Trifunović (politician)">Miloš Trifunović</a> also resigned after less than two months. In August, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Puri%C4%87" title="Božidar Purić">Božidar Purić</a> was appointed the prime minister of a largely administrative government mostly composed of civil servants,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991145_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991145-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Mihailović retained his ministerial position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231–232_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231–232-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_session">First session</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_Republic" title="Bihać Republic">Bihać Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_session_of_the_AVNOJ_in_Biha%C4%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/First_session_of_the_AVNOJ_in_Biha%C4%87.jpg/150px-First_session_of_the_AVNOJ_in_Biha%C4%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/First_session_of_the_AVNOJ_in_Biha%C4%87.jpg/225px-First_session_of_the_AVNOJ_in_Biha%C4%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/First_session_of_the_AVNOJ_in_Biha%C4%87.jpg/300px-First_session_of_the_AVNOJ_in_Biha%C4%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3222" data-file-height="3597" /></a><figcaption>An image of the first session of the AVNOJ</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1942, the Partisans captured <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a> and secured control over a large part of western <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a>, which they called the <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_Republic" title="Bihać Republic">Bihać Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019138_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019138-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 and 27 November,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001114_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001114-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the pan-Yugoslav Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) was established in the town at the initiative of Tito and the KPJ. At its founding session, the AVNOJ adopted the principle of a <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_federalism" title="Ethnic federalism">multi-ethnic federal state</a> as the basis for the country's future government<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199671–72_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199671–72-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but did not officially determine what system of government would be implemented after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a degree of ambiguity regarding the number of future federal units and whether they would all have equal status within the federation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AVNOJ also did not mention the international recognition of the London-based Yugoslav government-in-exile, backed by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Allies" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Allies">Western Allies</a>; <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> did not wish to antagonise the Allies by supporting the Partisans. Shortly before the Bihać session, Tito added the expression "Anti-Fascist" to the original name of the AVNOJ to emphasise its temporary and anti-Axis nature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326–27_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326–27-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These steps were made in response to Soviet positions expressed in correspondence in July–November 1942 between the KPJ and Moscow. The <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> urged Tito to establish a political body solely to liberate the country and not to oppose the Yugoslav monarchy. The Soviets asked the AVNOJ not to openly advance a communist agenda in order to avoid antagonising the Western Allies, and cautioned against appointing Tito president of the AVNOJ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwain201149–50_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain201149–50-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_Ribar_(1995x2048).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ivan_Ribar_%281995x2048%29.png/170px-Ivan_Ribar_%281995x2048%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ivan_Ribar_%281995x2048%29.png/255px-Ivan_Ribar_%281995x2048%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ivan_Ribar_%281995x2048%29.png/340px-Ivan_Ribar_%281995x2048%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ribar" title="Ivan Ribar">Ivan Ribar</a> chaired all three sessions of the AVNOJ.</figcaption></figure> <p>AVNOJ delegates represented specific parts of Yugoslavia: seventeen for <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, fifteen for <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, fourteen each for <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, eight for <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, six for the <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak" title="Sandžak">Sandžak</a>, and three for <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>. This distribution reflected the number of Partisans from each part of the country taking part in the armed struggle. Some of the selected delegates, including all of those representing Slovenia and Vojvodina and twelve others, did not arrive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Slovene delegation informed the AVNOJ of its support by telegram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199672–74_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199672–74-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macedonia was not represented at all. The AVNOJ elected its presidency with <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ribar" title="Ivan Ribar">Ivan Ribar</a> as president and <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Savi%C4%87" title="Pavle Savić">Pavle Savić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nurija_Pozderac" title="Nurija Pozderac">Nurija Pozderac</a> as vice-presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ribar had been the first President of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Assembly_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes">Constitutional Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a>, which was later renamed Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AVNOJ also appointed an executive council<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presided by Ribar. It had three vice-presidents—<a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kocbek" title="Edvard Kocbek">Edvard Kocbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nurija_Pozderac" title="Nurija Pozderac">Nurija Pozderac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Savi%C4%87" title="Pavle Savić">Pavle Savić</a>—and six other members: <a href="/wiki/Mladen_Ivekovi%C4%87" title="Mladen Iveković">Mladen Iveković</a> (social affairs), <a href="/wiki/Veselin_Masle%C5%A1a" title="Veselin Masleša">Veselin Masleša</a> (propaganda), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simo_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simo Milošević (page does not exist)">Simo Milošević</a> (health), <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Milutinovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Milutinović">Ivan Milutinović</a> (economy), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mile_Peruni%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mile Peruničić (page does not exist)">Mile Peruničić</a> (internal affairs), and <a href="/wiki/Vlada_Ze%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Vlada Zečević">Vlada Zečević</a> (religious affairs).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953135_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPijade1953135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executive council was not formally considered a government, and Tito told the Bihać session of the AVNOJ that a government could not be formed for international reasons. Instead, he described the executive council as a political instrument to mobilise people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwain201150_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain201150-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Bihać meeting, land councils were established as political bodies representative of what was expected to be individual parts of the future federation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198899–100_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198899–100-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1943, the executive council of the AVNOJ announced the "People's Liberation Loan", an attempt to raise half a billion <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia_kuna" title="Independent State of Croatia kuna">kuna</a> for the Partisan cause.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NDH's Ustaše regime launched a propaganda campaign in November 1942 to discredit the AVNOJ and portray the Partisans' struggle as pro-Serb and anti-Croat. The campaign, which declined after March 1943, involved the publication of brochures and newspaper articles as well as several rallies. Serb participation in the uprisings was highlighted while Croat or Bosnian Muslim AVNOJ participants were either not mentioned, labelled traitors, or misnamed. Ribar's name was misrepresented as <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>-sounding "Janez Ribar".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaraula2013146–148_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaraula2013146–148-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tito describes the purpose of AVNOJ in his work <i>The Yugoslav peoples fight for freedom</i> in 1944: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>In the autumn of 1942, when the greater part of Yugoslavia had been liberated, the necessity arose for establishing a central political body for all Yugoslavia to direct all these committees [former local authorities] and to relieve the High Command of various political functions which had been constantly piling up through the force of circumstance. It was decided to convene an Antifascist Veće, or assembly, of the People's Liberation Movement of Yugoslavia. It will be remembered that the Veće met on November 26, 1942, in the town of Bihać and was attended by delegates representing all the peoples of Yugoslavia. Far-reaching historical decisions were adopted and an executive committee was elected. The Veće represented all anti-fascist parties and united all political trends, regardless of religion and nationality. The Veće was charged with mobilizing all means for helping the People's Liberation Army and with continuing to organize People's Liberation Committees, not only in liberated sectors but in territory still occupied by the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <table class="plainrowheaders wikitable" style="cellspacing=2px; text-align:left;"> <caption>Liberation councils tasked with electing AVNOJ delegates<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165–166_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165–166-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198899–100_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198899–100-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"> <th>Name</th> <th>Established </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Main_National_Liberation_Committee_for_Serbia" title="Main National Liberation Committee for Serbia">Main National Liberation Committee for Serbia</a></td> <td align="center">November 1941* </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia</a> (ZAVNOH)</td> <td align="center">June 1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_National_Liberation_Committee" title="Slovene National Liberation Committee">Slovene National Liberation Committee</a> (SNOS)</td> <td align="center">October 1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Montenegro_and_Boka" class="mw-redirect" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Montenegro and Boka">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Montenegro and Boka</a> (ZAVNOCGB)</td> <td align="center">November 1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (ZAVNOBiH)</td> <td align="center">November 1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Main National Liberation Committee for Vojvodina</td> <td align="center">November 1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Country Antifascist Council for the People's Liberation of the Sanjak (ZASNOS)</td> <td align="center">November 1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Macedonia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia</a> (ASNOM)</td> <td align="center">August 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">*Established during the existence of the <a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEice_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Užice Republic">Užice Republic</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_session">Second session</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delegates">Delegates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Delegates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Italy <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">defected to the Allies</a> and Western Allied forces advanced towards Yugoslavia, Tito announced another session of the AVNOJ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013155_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013155-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the previous session, the Western Allies began to support the Partisans,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013164_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013164-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Tito considered a British landing in Yugoslavia likely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198811–12_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198811–12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1943, just before the second session, the KPJ central committee established the <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia">National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia</a> (NKOJ), an all-Yugoslav executive body,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013166_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013166-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appointed to perform the role of an interim government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AVNOJ reconvened in <a href="/wiki/Jajce" title="Jajce">Jajce</a> on 29 and 30 November 1943; Ribar chaired the meeting as president of the executive council. The KPJ originally planned for the second session of the AVNOJ to be attended by 250 delegates elected by regional land councils. The number of delegates was subsequently increased by 53 to include delegates from Macedonia and the Sandžak. In total, 78 delegates were to be elected in Croatia, 53 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 53 in Serbia, 42 in Slovenia, 42 in Macedonia, 16 in Montenegro, 11 in Sandžak, and 8 in Vojvodina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013181–182_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013181–182-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the planned 303, 142 delegates arrived by the start of the session and 163 deputy delegates also attended the session. No deputies from Sandžak or Macedonia were present. The Main National Liberation Committee for Serbia was unable to hold elections because of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Axis occupation of Serbia">German occupation of Serbia</a>. Instead, the Serbian delegates were appointed by individual Partisan units originally from Serbia; as a result, eastern Yugoslavia was underrepresented.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013182_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013182-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg/220px-Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg/330px-Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg/440px-Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>An image of the second session of the AVNOJ: <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josip_Vidmar" title="Josip Vidmar">Josip Vidmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kocbek" title="Edvard Kocbek">Edvard Kocbek</a>, Josip Rus and <a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1a_Pijade" title="Moša Pijade">Moša Pijade</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="plainrowheaders wikitable" style="cellspacing=2px; text-align:left;"> <caption>Delegates elected to the second session of the AVNOJ<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013181–182_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013181–182-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"> <th>Region</th> <th>Delegate quota</th> <th>Attending delegates</th> <th>Attending deputies </th></tr> <tr> <td>Croatia</td> <td align="center">78</td> <td align="center">37</td> <td align="center">67 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td> <td align="center">53</td> <td align="center">46</td> <td align="center">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbia</td> <td align="center">53</td> <td align="center">24*</td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovenia</td> <td align="center">42</td> <td align="center">17</td> <td align="center">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Macedonia</td> <td align="center">42</td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Montenegro</td> <td align="center">16</td> <td align="center">16</td> <td align="center">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sandžak</td> <td align="center">11</td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vojvodina</td> <td align="center">8</td> <td align="center">2</td> <td align="center">– </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>303</th> <th>142</th> <th>163 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">*Appointed by Serbian Partisan units </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_blocks_for_a_new_state">Building blocks for a new state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Building blocks for a new state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avnojf.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Avnojf.gif/170px-Avnojf.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Avnojf.gif/255px-Avnojf.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Avnojf.gif/340px-Avnojf.gif 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1257" /></a><figcaption>AVNOJ decision to build a new Yugoslavia as a federation to ensure equality of its nations</figcaption></figure> <p>The AVNOJ made several decisions of the highest political and constitutional significance. It declared itself the supreme legislative body in the country and the representation of Yugoslav sovereignty;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> affirmed a commitment to forming a democratic federation; and recognised the equal standing of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia in the future federation. Only Sandžak was listed with other lower-ranked regional entities, even though its land council was still included among the "seven basic bodies of people's government". Though the position of individual nations and regions were not further elaborated,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013183–184_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013183–184-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second session of the AVNOJ determined the type of federal system to be introduced in Yugoslavia, modelling it on the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tito's views prevailed over the model adopted by the <a href="/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Croatia">Communist Party of Croatia</a> (KPH),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a nominally independent part of the KPJ established in Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198868_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198868-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KPH leader <a href="/wiki/Andrija_Hebrang_(father)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrija Hebrang (father)">Andrija Hebrang</a> advocated a loose Yugoslav federation where communist parties and bodies established in federal units would be sovereign. In contrast, Tito's vision for the federal units was as administrative divisions only. Hebrang was replaced in late 1944 by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87" title="Vladimir Bakarić">Vladimir Bakarić</a>, who aligned the KPH's views on federalism to Tito's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AVNOJ also denied the legitimacy of the Yugoslav government-in-exile and forbade the return of King Peter II to the country until its people could decide on the future of the monarchy after the war. It also declared all agreements previously concluded by the government-in-exile to be subject to review and approval, renegotiation or cancellation while declaring any further agreements concluded by the government-in-exile void. Furthermore, the AVNOJ declared that Yugoslavia had never accepted the 1941 partition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Tito was awarded the rank of <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia">Marshal of Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198812-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AVNOJ elected a new presidency consisting of sixty-three members, chaired by Ribar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five vice-presidents were appointed: <a href="/wiki/Antun_Augustin%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Antun Augustinčić">Antun Augustinčić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1a_Pijade" title="Moša Pijade">Moša Pijade</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josip_Rus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josip Rus (page does not exist)">Josip Rus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Rus" class="extiw" title="sl:Josip Rus">sl</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Vlahov" title="Dimitar Vlahov">Dimitar Vlahov</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marko_Vuja%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marko Vujačić (page does not exist)">Marko Vujačić</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko_Vuja%C4%8Di%C4%87" class="extiw" title="sr:Marko Vujačić">sr</a>]</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radonja_Golubovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radonja Golubović (page does not exist)">Radonja Golubović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rodoljub_%C4%8Colakovi%C4%87" title="Rodoljub Čolaković">Rodoljub Čolaković</a> were appointed secretaries of the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953305_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPijade1953305-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the AVNOJ delegates were non-Communists so the presidency included some non-Communist members of the pre-war HSS and the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Democratic_Party_(Yugoslavia)" title="Independent Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)">Independent Democratic Party</a>. The NKOJ was confirmed in the role of the government. Tito was appointed the president of the NKOJ and had three vice-presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two were KPJ members <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kardelj" title="Edvard Kardelj">Edvard Kardelj</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislav_S._Ribnikar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislav S. Ribnikar (page does not exist)">Vladislav S. Ribnikar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav_Sl._Ribnikar" class="extiw" title="sr:Vladislav Sl. Ribnikar">sr</a>]</span>, and the remaining one was <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Magovac" title="Božidar Magovac">Božidar Magovac</a> of the HSS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953240_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPijade1953240-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the AVNOJ formally praised and thanked Tito's Supreme Headquarters, and the Partisan forces for their armed struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="plainrowheaders wikitable" style="cellspacing=2px; text-align:left;"> <caption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia">National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia</a> (NKOJ)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953240_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPijade1953240-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"> <th>Name</th> <th>notes, portfolio </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a></td> <td align="center">president, defence </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kardelj" title="Edvard Kardelj">Edvard Kardelj</a></td> <td align="center">vice-president </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Magovac" title="Božidar Magovac">Božidar Magovac</a></td> <td align="center">vice-president </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislav_S._Ribnikar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislav S. Ribnikar (page does not exist)">Vladislav S. Ribnikar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav_Sl._Ribnikar" class="extiw" title="sr:Vladislav Sl. Ribnikar">sr</a>]</span></td> <td align="center">vice-president, information </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulejman_Filipovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulejman Filipović (page does not exist)">Sulejman Filipović</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulejman_Filipovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="bs:Sulejman Filipović">bs</a>]</span></td> <td align="center">forests and ores </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frane_Frol" title="Frane Frol">Frane Frol</a></td> <td align="center">judiciary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milivoj_Jambri%C5%A1ak" title="Milivoj Jambrišak">Milivoj Jambrišak</a></td> <td align="center">health </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kocbek" title="Edvard Kocbek">Edvard Kocbek</a></td> <td align="center">education </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Kr%C5%BEi%C5%A1nik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Kržišnik (page does not exist)">Anton Kržišnik</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Kr%C5%BEi%C5%A1nik" class="extiw" title="sl:Anton Kržišnik">sl</a>]</span></td> <td align="center">social policy </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Milutinovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Milutinović">Ivan Milutinović</a></td> <td align="center">economy </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mile_Peruni%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mile Peruničić (page does not exist)">Mile Peruničić</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mile_Peruni%C4%8Di%C4%87" class="extiw" title="sr:Mile Peruničić">sr</a>]</span></td> <td align="center">nutrition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rade_Pribi%C4%87evi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rade Pribićević (page does not exist)">Rade Pribićević</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rade_Pribi%C4%87evi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="cs:Rade Pribićević">cs</a>]</span></td> <td align="center">construction </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Josip_Smodlaka" title="Josip Smodlaka">Josip Smodlaka</a></td> <td align="center">foreign affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du%C5%A1an_Sernec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dušan Sernec (page does not exist)">Dušan Sernec</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Sernec" class="extiw" title="sl:Dušan Sernec">sl</a>]</span></td> <td align="center">finance </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Todor_Vujasinovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Todor Vujasinović (page does not exist)">Todor Vujasinović</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todor_Vujasinovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="sr:Todor Vujasinović">sr</a>]</span></td> <td align="center">economic reconstruction </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlada_Ze%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Vlada Zečević">Vlada Zečević</a></td> <td align="center">internal affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sreten_%C5%BDujovi%C4%87" title="Sreten Žujović">Sreten Žujović</a></td> <td align="center">transport </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_recognition_and_developments_in_1944">Allied recognition and developments in 1944</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Allied recognition and developments in 1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg/220px-Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg/330px-Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg/440px-Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a>. The date at the bottom marks the second session of the AVNOJ.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 January 1944, the AVNOJ introduced <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">multilingualism</a> to its proceedings, deciding to publish its official work in <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, Slovene and <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatović2010579–580_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatović2010579–580-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, the AVNOJ and the NKOJ adopted a <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia" title="Emblem of Yugoslavia">new emblem of the future federation</a> at Tito's request.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrgo1982129–130_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrgo1982129–130-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emblem consisted of five lit torches burning as one flame representing five united nations; this was framed by sheaves, topped by a red five-pointed star, and crossed by a blue stripe bearing the name of the country, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stalin was enraged by the AVNOJ's rejection of Soviet advice in its establishment of the NKOJ as an interim government and explicit repudiation of the government-in-exile. Stalin was specifically worried about Tito's assumption of the presidency of the NKOJ and his elevation to the rank of Marshal. He thought that this would signal to the Western Allies that the KPJ was actually fighting for a revolution. Stalin was further angered by the fact that he received no prior notice of the decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198812-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To Stalin's surprise, the Western Allies did not strongly oppose the AVNOJ's decisions. The flow of British equipment and arms to the Partisans, which had started in the second half of 1943 on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Percentages_agreement#Churchill's_Mediterranean_strategy" title="Percentages agreement">Churchill's Mediterranean strategy</a>, continued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812–13_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198812–13-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only days after the AVNOJ's second session, the Allies recognised the Partisans as an Allied force at the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a>, and cut off further aid to the Chetniks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001115_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001115-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>'s urging, the government-in-exile led by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a> and the Tito-led NKOJ signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vis" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Vis">Treaty of Vis</a> on 16 June 1944; the government-in-exile recognised the AVNOJ in return for the NKOJ's pledge to postpone the decision on the constitution of Yugoslavia until after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013202_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013202-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87_Agreements" title="Tito–Šubašić Agreements">Tito and Šubašić concluded another agreement</a> on 1 November in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>; Šubašić confirmed AVNOJ as Yugoslavia's legislative body and agreed to form a new 18-person government. Six of the members would come from the government-in-exile and twelve would be NKOJ members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013265_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013265-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second session of the AVNOJ also drew a response from the Chetnik leadership. At the <a href="/wiki/Ba_Congress" title="Ba Congress">Ba Congress</a> held in January 1944, they proposed an alternative solution for the post-war government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013190–191_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013190–191-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congress also condemned the AVNOJ in line with the contemporary Chetnik propaganda as a product of collaboration of Communists and Ustaše against Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975401–402_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975401–402-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persecution_of_Germans">Persecution of Germans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Persecution of Germans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 21 November 1944, the presidency of the AVNOJ declared the <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Yugoslavia" title="Germans of Yugoslavia">Germans of Yugoslavia</a> to be collectively guilty for the war and enemies of Yugoslavia. Germans in Partisan-controlled areas were interned. Prior to 1944, about half a million Germans lived in Yugoslavia. About 240,000 were evacuated before the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, another 150,000 were later deported to the USSR to work as forced labour, 50,000 died in Yugoslav-run <a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">labor camps</a> and 15,000 were killed by the Partisans. Most of the others <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_from_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of Germans from Yugoslavia">were expelled from Yugoslavia</a> and German property was confiscated. By the time of <a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Yugoslav_census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 Yugoslav census (page does not exist)">1948 census</a>, fewer than 56,000 ethnic Germans remained.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006159_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006159-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_session">Third session</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Third session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:III_Zasedanje_AVNOJ-a,_Beograd_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/III_Zasedanje_AVNOJ-a%2C_Beograd_1945.jpg/220px-III_Zasedanje_AVNOJ-a%2C_Beograd_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/III_Zasedanje_AVNOJ-a%2C_Beograd_1945.jpg/330px-III_Zasedanje_AVNOJ-a%2C_Beograd_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/III_Zasedanje_AVNOJ-a%2C_Beograd_1945.jpg/440px-III_Zasedanje_AVNOJ-a%2C_Beograd_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>The final session of the AVNOJ was held in Belgrade in 1945.</figcaption></figure> <p>At Allied suggestion,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013265_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013265-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in February 1945 the AVNOJ was expanded to include members drawn from Serbia, Montenegro and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Metohija" title="Metohija">Metohija</a>, which had not been represented at its second session.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2011214_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2011214-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AVNOJ was expanded again in late March to include 54 members of the pre-war <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Parliament">Yugoslav Parliament</a> as required by the Tito–Šubašić Agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013295_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013295-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a>, Churchill and Stalin discussed the decisions made by the AVNOJ; they agreed to demand ratification of all AVNOJ's decisions by the future Yugoslav Constitutional Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198816_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198816-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1945, the presidency of the AVNOJ concluded that the Sandžak should not be one of federal units of Yugoslavia. In turn, the Anti-Fascist Council for the People's Liberation of Sandžak divided the region along the pre-1912 <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> border and dissolved itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988102_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988102-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Anti-Fascist Parliament for the People's Liberation of Serbia (ASNOS) held its first regular session between 7 and 9 April, and voted in favour of annexation of Vojvodina, Kosovo and a part of Sandžak. The People's Liberation Council for the Kosovo-Metohija Oblasts held its first regular session between 8 and 10 July, and a corresponding body of Vojvodina met on 30 and 31 July; both bodies decided the region they represented would join Serbia. All of these decisions were confirmed at the third session of the AVNOJ in August 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013295_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013295-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the month, the AVNOJ discussed and decided on changes to the borders of all Yugoslav federal units based on corresponding pre-1941 and pre-1918 borders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988103–106_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988103–106-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third session of the AVNOJ was held in Belgrade between 7 and 26 August 1945 as a part of preparation of the Constitutional Assembly. It was again presided over by Ribar,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013303_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013303-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="House of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia">Yugoslav Parliament building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENARS_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENARS-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/1945_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1945 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">parliamentary election</a> was held on 11 November and the Constitutional Assembly convened on 29 November 1945. The Assembly went on to ratify the decisions previously made by the AVNOJ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013304_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013304-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg/220px-SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg/330px-SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg/440px-SocialistYugoslavia_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>The AVNOJ defined the intra-Yugoslav borders between constituent republics of the federation.</figcaption></figure> <p>The AVNOJ resulted in a defeat of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a>. In the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Serbia was in a dominant position. In comparison to the pre-war situation as well as the territory held by the Kingdom of Serbia before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Serbia lost Macedonia and Montenegro. The AVNOJ established Bosnia and Herzegovina as an equal member of the Yugoslav federation, establishing and confirming borders separating <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> living in those regions and in Croatia from Serbia. Those borders are sometimes referred to as the "AVNOJ borders".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, this situation caused concerns among Serbs who feared being divided among multiple Yugoslav constituent republics. In response, Tito and the Yugoslav regime employed rhetoric designed to diminish the apparent significance of the intra-Yugoslav borders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the AVNOJ borders were originally drawn as administrative boundaries, they gained importance with subsequent decentralisation and the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelfant_Budding200799_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelfant_Budding200799-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian irredentism">Serbian irredentism</a> across the AVNOJ borders was a contributing factor in the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Serb revolt in Croatia</a> and the 1992–1995 <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second session of the AVNOJ was celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">post-war Yugoslavia</a> as the birth of the country and the event was commemorated annually on 29 and 30 November as a two-day national holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELutharPušnik201069_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutharPušnik201069-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Museums have been established in the buildings which hosted the first and the second sessions of the AVNOJ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahmutović198876_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahmutović198876-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalasek201574_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalasek201574-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 54em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Antifašističko vijeće/veće narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije</i>, <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Антифашистичко вијеће/веће народног ослобођења Југославије</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Antifašistični svet narodne osvoboditve Jugoslavije</i>; <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: <span lang="mk">Антифашистичко собрание за народно ослободување на Југославија</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019121–122-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019121–122_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalic2019">Calic 2019</a>, pp. 121–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić20039–10-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVukšić20039–10_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVukšić2003">Vukšić 2003</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200188-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200188_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić200313–15-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVukšić200313–15_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVukšić2003">Vukšić 2003</a>, pp. 13–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006113-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006113_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić200310–11-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVukšić200310–11_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVukšić2003">Vukšić 2003</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019154-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019154_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalic2019">Calic 2019</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019162-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019162_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalic2019">Calic 2019</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991138–140-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991138–140_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991138–140_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĐilas1991">Đilas 1991</a>, pp. 138–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150–52-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150–52_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, pp. 50–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991143–144-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991143–144_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĐilas1991">Đilas 1991</a>, pp. 143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019133-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019133_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalic2019">Calic 2019</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197353-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts197353_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts1973">Roberts 1973</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001230-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001230_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991145-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1991145_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĐilas1991">Đilas 1991</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231–232-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231–232_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, pp. 231–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019138-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalic2019138_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalic2019">Calic 2019</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001114-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001114_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199671–72-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199671–72_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLukicLynch1996">Lukic & Lynch 1996</a>, pp. 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201326–27-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare201326–27_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain201149–50-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwain201149–50_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwain2011">Swain 2011</a>, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199672–74-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukicLynch199672–74_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLukicLynch1996">Lukic & Lynch 1996</a>, pp. 72–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013185_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPijade1953135-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953135_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPijade1953">Pijade 1953</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwain201150-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwain201150_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwain2011">Swain 2011</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198899–100-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198899–100_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198899–100_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaraula2013146–148-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaraula2013146–148_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaraula2013">Karaula 2013</a>, pp. 146–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTito1944" class="citation book cs1">Tito, Josip Broz (June 1944). <i>The Yugoslav peoples fight for freedom</i>. New York: United Committee for South-Slav Americans. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yugoslav+peoples+fight+for+freedom&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=United+Committee+for+South-Slav+Americans&rft.date=1944-06&rft.aulast=Tito&rft.aufirst=Josip+Broz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165–166-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013165–166_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, pp. 165–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013155-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013155_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013164-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013164_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198811–12-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198811–12_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013166-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013166_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001231_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013181–182-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013181–182_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013181–182_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, pp. 181–182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013182-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013182_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1969103_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013183–184-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013183–184_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, pp. 183–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrvine2007153–155_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIrvine2007">Irvine 2007</a>, pp. 153–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198868-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198868_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198812-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPijade1953305-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953305_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPijade1953">Pijade 1953</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPijade1953240-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953240_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPijade1953240_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPijade1953">Pijade 1953</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013200_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBatović2010579–580-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBatović2010579–580_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBatović2010">Batović 2010</a>, pp. 579–580.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrgo1982129–130-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrgo1982129–130_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrgo1982">Trgo 1982</a>, pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198812–13-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812–13_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001115-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001115_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013202-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013202_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013265-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013265_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013265_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013190–191-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013190–191_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, pp. 190–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975401–402-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975401–402_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 401–402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006159-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006159_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2011214-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2011214_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2011">Hoare 2011</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013295-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013295_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013295_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198816-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198816_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988102-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988102_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988103–106-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988103–106_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 103–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013303-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013303_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENARS-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENARS_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNARS">NARS</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2013304-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2013304_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2013">Hoare 2013</a>, p. 304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2010113–114_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2010">Hoare 2010</a>, pp. 113–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelfant_Budding200799-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelfant_Budding200799_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHelfant_Budding2007">Helfant Budding 2007</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELutharPušnik201069-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELutharPušnik201069_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLutharPušnik2010">Luthar & Pušnik 2010</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahmutović198876-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahmutović198876_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahmutović1988">Mahmutović 1988</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalasek201574-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalasek201574_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalasek2015">Walasek 2015</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanac1988" class="citation book cs1">Banac, Ivo (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_C1zDwAAQBAJ"><i>With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism</i></a>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-2186-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-2186-1"><bdi>0-8014-2186-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Stalin+against+Tito%3A+Cominformist+Splits+in+Yugoslav+Communism&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8014-2186-1&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_C1zDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatović2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Batović, Ante (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/67461">"Zapadne reakcije na objavu Deklaracije o nazivu i položaju hrvatskoga književnog jezika 1967. godine"</a> [Western Reactions to Publication of the Declaration Concerning the Name and Position of the Croatian Literary Language in 1967]. <i>Časopis za suvremenu povijest</i> (in Croatian). <b>42</b> (3). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Institute of History: 579–594. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0590-9597">0590-9597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C4%8Casopis+za+suvremenu+povijest&rft.atitle=Zapadne+reakcije+na+objavu+Deklaracije+o+nazivu+i+polo%C5%BEaju+hrvatskoga+knji%C5%BEevnog+jezika+1967.+godine&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=579-594&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0590-9597&rft.aulast=Batovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F67461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalic2019" class="citation book cs1">Calic, Marie-Janine (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KqOWDwAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Yugoslavia</i></a>. West Lafayette, Indiana: <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University_Press" title="Purdue University Press">Purdue University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-838-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-838-3"><bdi>978-1-55753-838-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Yugoslavia&rft.place=West+Lafayette%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-838-3&rft.aulast=Calic&rft.aufirst=Marie-Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKqOWDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐilas1991" class="citation book cs1">Đilas, Aleksa (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NB_TCBY-jooC"><i>The Contested Country: Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution, 1919–1953</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674166981" title="Special:BookSources/9780674166981"><bdi>9780674166981</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contested+Country%3A+Yugoslav+Unity+and+Communist+Revolution%2C+1919%E2%80%931953&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780674166981&rft.aulast=%C4%90ilas&rft.aufirst=Aleksa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNB_TCBY-jooC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelfant_Budding2007" class="citation book cs1">Helfant Budding, Audrey (2007). "Nation/People/Republic: Self-Determination in Socialist Yugoslavia". In Cohen, Lenard J.; Dragović-Soso, Jasna (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aGy3dO_aDisC"><i>State Collapse in South-Eastern Europe: New Perspectives on Yugoslavia's Disintegration</i></a>. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. pp. 91–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-461-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-461-3"><bdi>978-1-55753-461-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nation%2FPeople%2FRepublic%3A+Self-Determination+in+Socialist+Yugoslavia&rft.btitle=State+Collapse+in+South-Eastern+Europe%3A+New+Perspectives+on+Yugoslavia%27s+Disintegration&rft.place=West+Lafayette%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=91-130&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-461-3&rft.aulast=Helfant+Budding&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaGy3dO_aDisC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Attila_Hoare" title="Marko Attila Hoare">Hoare, Marko Attila</a> (2010). "The War of Yugoslav Succession". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C"><i>Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989</i></a>. Cambridge, UK: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 111–136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88810-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88810-3"><bdi>978-0-521-88810-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+War+of+Yugoslav+Succession&rft.btitle=Central+and+Southeast+European+Politics+since+1989&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=111-136&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88810-3&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoFXdiS25N78C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2011" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2011). "The Partisans and the Serbs". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gkiEDAAAQBAJ"><i>Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two</i></a>. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 201–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-32611-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-32611-2"><bdi>978-1-349-32611-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Partisans+and+the+Serbs&rft.btitle=Serbia+and+the+Serbs+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=201-224&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-349-32611-2&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgkiEDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2013" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M4poAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War</i></a>. Oxford, UK: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70394-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70394-9"><bdi>978-0-231-70394-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bosnian+Muslims+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70394-9&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM4poAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrvine2007" class="citation book cs1">Irvine, Jill (2007). "The Croatian Spring and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia". In Cohen, Lenard J.; Dragović-Soso, Jasna (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aGy3dO_aDisC"><i>State Collapse in South-Eastern Europe: New Perspectives on Yugoslavia's Disintegration</i></a>. West Lafayette, Indiana: <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University_Press" title="Purdue University Press">Purdue University Press</a>. pp. 149–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-461-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-461-3"><bdi>978-1-55753-461-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Croatian+Spring+and+the+Dissolution+of+Yugoslavia&rft.btitle=State+Collapse+in+South-Eastern+Europe%3A+New+Perspectives+on+Yugoslavia%27s+Disintegration&rft.place=West+Lafayette%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=149-178&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-461-3&rft.aulast=Irvine&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaGy3dO_aDisC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaraula2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karaula, Željko (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=106598">"Pogledi ustaških medija prema partizanskim zasjedanjima "srpskog" AVNOJ-a"</a> [The Opinions of the Ustasha Media Towards the Partisan Sessions of the "Serb" AVNOJ]. <i>Historijska Traganja</i> (in Bosnian) (12). Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Institut za istoriju: 141–154. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1840-3875">1840-3875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historijska+Traganja&rft.atitle=Pogledi+usta%C5%A1kih+medija+prema+partizanskim+zasjedanjima+%22srpskog%22+AVNOJ-a&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=141-154&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1840-3875&rft.aulast=Karaula&rft.aufirst=%C5%BDeljko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D106598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukicLynch1996" class="citation book cs1">Lukic, Renéo; Lynch, Allen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WPhhLfp8huIC"><i>Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union</i></a>. Stockholm, Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198292005" title="Special:BookSources/9780198292005"><bdi>9780198292005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+from+the+Balkans+to+the+Urals%3A+The+Disintegration+of+Yugoslavia+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780198292005&rft.aulast=Lukic&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9o&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWPhhLfp8huIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutharPušnik2010" class="citation book cs1">Luthar, Breda; Pušnik, Maruša (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S0x0vUKAhbIC"><i>Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9844062-3-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9844062-3-4"><bdi>978-0-9844062-3-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+Utopia%3A+The+Culture+of+Everyday+Life+in+Socialist+Yugoslavia&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=New+Academia+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9844062-3-4&rft.aulast=Luthar&rft.aufirst=Breda&rft.au=Pu%C5%A1nik%2C+Maru%C5%A1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS0x0vUKAhbIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahmutović1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mahmutović, Džafer (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/145289">"Regionalni muzej Pounja Bihać"</a> [Una Valley Regional Museum in Bihać]. <i>Informatica Museologica</i> (in Croatian). <b>19</b> (1–2). Zagreb, Croatia: Muzejski dokumentacijski centar: 75–76. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0350-2325">0350-2325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Informatica+Museologica&rft.atitle=Regionalni+muzej+Pounja+Biha%C4%87&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=75-76&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0350-2325&rft.aulast=Mahmutovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=D%C5%BEafer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F145289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPijade1953" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1a_Pijade" title="Moša Pijade">Pijade, Moša</a>, ed. (1953). <i>Прво и друго заседање Антифашистичког већа народног ослобођења Југославије (26 и 27 новембра 1942, 29 и 30 новембра 1943) по стенографским белешкама и другим изворима</i> [<i>The First and the Second Sessions of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (26–27 November 1942, 29–30 November 1943) According to Shorthand Records and Other Sources</i>] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Presidium of the National Assembly of the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/632104149">632104149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5+%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0+%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5+%2826+%D0%B8+27+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0+1942%2C+29+%D0%B8+30+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0+1943%29+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Presidium+of+the+National+Assembly+of+the+Federative+People%27s+Republic+of+Yugoslavia&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F632104149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. Bloomington, Indiana: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253346568" title="Special:BookSources/9780253346568"><bdi>9780253346568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780253346568&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Roberts_(writer)" title="Walter Roberts (writer)">Roberts, Walter R.</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC"><i>Tito, Mihailović and the Allies: 1941–1945</i></a>. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-0773-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%2C+Mihailovi%C4%87+and+the+Allies%3A+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-0773-0&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43CbLU8FgFsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwain2011" class="citation book cs1">Swain, Geoffrey (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BFgBAwAAQBAJ"><i>Tito: A Biography</i></a>. London, UK: I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-727-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-727-6"><bdi>978-1-84511-727-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris+%26+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-727-6&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBFgBAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (1969). "Yugoslavia During the Second World War". In Vucinich, Wayne S. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kVXuDwAAQBAJ"><i>Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment</i></a>. Berkeley, California: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 59–118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520331105" title="Special:BookSources/9780520331105"><bdi>9780520331105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yugoslavia+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Yugoslavia%3A+Twenty+Years+of+Socialist+Experiment&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=59-118&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780520331105&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkVXuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0857-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Chetniks&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0857-9&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoCaAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0857-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0857-9&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrgo1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trgo, Fabijan, ed. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G8oKywEACAAJ"><i>Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavije</i></a> [<i>Collection of Documents and Information on the Peoples' Liberation War of the Peoples of Yugoslavia</i>] (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 2/13. Belgrade: Vojnoistorijski institute (Institute of Military History). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/456199333">456199333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zbornik+dokumenata+i+podataka+o+narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dkom+ratu+naroda+Jugoslavije&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Vojnoistorijski+institute+%28Institute+of+Military+History%29&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F456199333&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG8oKywEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVukšić2003" class="citation book cs1">Vukšić, Velimir (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5rgMvgAACAAJ"><i>Tito's Partisans 1941–45</i></a>. Oxford, UK: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-675-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-675-5"><bdi>1-84176-675-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%27s+Partisans+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84176-675-5&rft.aulast=Vuk%C5%A1i%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Velimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5rgMvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalasek2015" class="citation book cs1">Walasek, Helen (2015). "Destruction of the Cultural Heritage in Bosnia-Herzegovina: An Overview". In Walasek, Helen (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vBSrCwAAQBAJ"><i>Bosnia and the Destruction of Cultural Heritage</i></a>. Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 23–142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409437048" title="Special:BookSources/9781409437048"><bdi>9781409437048</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Destruction+of+the+Cultural+Heritage+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina%3A+An+Overview&rft.btitle=Bosnia+and+the+Destruction+of+Cultural+Heritage&rft.place=Farnham%2C+UK&rft.pages=23-142&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781409437048&rft.aulast=Walasek&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvBSrCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNARS" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlament.gov.rs/gra%C4%91ani/edukativni-centar/kulturno-nasle%C4%91e/umetni%C4%8Dke-vrednosti.1105.html">"Dom Narodne skupštine Republike Srbije"</a> [House of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia] (in Serbian). Belgrade, Serbia: <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly (Serbia)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014030110/http://www.parlament.gov.rs/gra%C4%91ani/edukativni-centar/kulturno-nasle%C4%91e/umetni%C4%8Dke-vrednosti.1105.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dom+Narodne+skup%C5%A1tine+Republike+Srbije&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Serbia&rft.pub=National+Assembly+%28Serbia%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.gov.rs%2Fgra%25C4%2591ani%2Fedukativni-centar%2Fkulturno-nasle%25C4%2591e%2Fumetni%25C4%258Dke-vrednosti.1105.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Fascist+Council+for+the+National+Liberation+of+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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style="width:1%">State organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Serbia">Serbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Serbia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia</a> (ASNOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Vojvodina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Vojvodina (page does not exist)">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Vojvodina</a> (ASNOAPV)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Kosovo</a> (ASNOK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Sand%C5%BEak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Sandžak (page does not exist)">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Sandžak</a> (ZAVNOS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Croatia">Croatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia</a> (ZAVNOH)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (ZAVNOBiH)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Macedonia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia</a> (ASNOM)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_National_Liberation_Committee" title="Slovene National Liberation Committee">Slovene National Liberation Committee</a> (SNOS)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Anti-Fascist_Assembly_of_National_Liberation" title="Montenegrin Anti-Fascist Assembly of National Liberation">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Montenegro and Boka</a> (ZAVNOCGB)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yugoslavia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template talk:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslavia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of Yugoslavia">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">6 January Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_regency" title="Yugoslav regency">Yugoslav regency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslav irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Committee" title="Yugoslav Committee">Yugoslav Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugo-nostalgia" title="Yugo-nostalgia">Yugo-nostalgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia">Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1980–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (until 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Brotherhood and unity</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> (1967–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SANU_Memorandum" title="SANU Memorandum">SANU Memorandum</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovene_National_Program" title="Contributions to the Slovene National Program">Contributions to the Slovene National Program</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Spring">Slovene Spring</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrokomerc_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrokomerc Affair">Agrokomerc Affair</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_session_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Serbia" title="8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia">8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBTZ_trial" title="JBTZ trial">JBTZ trial</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1980s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Anti-bureaucratic revolution</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan_speech" title="Gazimestan speech">Gazimestan speech</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia">Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template talk:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia_Independence_referendums_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Independence referendums in Yugoslavia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republics and provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_independence_referendum" title="1990 Slovenian independence referendum">Slovenia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Macedonian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Macedonian independence referendum">Macedonia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Kosovan_independence_referendum" title="1991 Kosovan independence referendum">Kosovo</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Montenegrin_sovereignty_referendum" title="1992 Montenegrin sovereignty referendum">Montenegro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">Montenegro</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_SAO_Krajina_autonomy_referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 SAO Krajina autonomy referendum (page does not exist)">SAO Krajina</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sand%C5%BEak_autonomy_referendum" title="1991 Sandžak autonomy referendum">Sandžak</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Bosnian_Serb_referendum" title="1991 Bosnian Serb referendum">Srpska</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Macedonian_Albanian_autonomy_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Macedonian Albanian autonomy referendum">Ilirida</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Eastern_Slavonia_integrity_referendum" title="1997 Eastern Slavonia integrity referendum">Eastern Slavonia</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Macedonian_autonomy_referendum" title="2004 Macedonian autonomy referendum">Macedonia</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> (1992–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Criminal_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Criminal Enterprise">Joint Criminal Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Sub-Regional_Arms_Control" title="Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control">Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (1993–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">United Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serbian_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Serbian sentiment">Anti-Serbian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Montenegrin_unionism" title="Serbian–Montenegrin unionism">Serbian–Montenegrin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Breakup of Yugoslavia">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Yugoslavia" title="Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Yugoslavia" title="Constitution of Yugoslavia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">1921</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1931_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1931 Yugoslav Constitution">1931</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1946_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1946 Yugoslav Constitution">1946</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1953_Yugoslav_constitutional_amendments" title="1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments">1953</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1963_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1963 Yugoslav Constitution">1963</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Yugoslavia" title="Elections in Yugoslavia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Yugoslavia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia)">Federal Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Yugoslavia and the United Nations">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity">OAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_passport" title="Yugoslav passport">Passport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of cabinets of Yugoslavia">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of heads of state of Yugoslavia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of deputy heads of state of Yugoslavia">Deputy heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="Presidency of Yugoslavia">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of members of the Presidency of Yugoslavia">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Yugoslavia" title="LGBT history in Yugoslavia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yugoslavia">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ilasism" title="Đilasism">Đilasism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankovi%C4%87ism" title="Rankovićism">Rankovićism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yugoslavia" title="List of political parties in Yugoslavia">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOS_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="KOS (Yugoslavia)">counterintelligence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yugoslav Army (disambiguation)">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li>Army <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Ground_Forces" title="Yugoslav Ground Forces"><span style="font-size:85%;">Ground</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Navy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Royal Yugoslav Navy"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a></li></ul></li> <li>Air Force <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a></li></ul></li> <li>Ranks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Military ranks of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav People's Army ranks"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia"><span style="font-size:85%;">Marshal</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defense_(Yugoslavia)" title="Territorial Defense (Yugoslavia)">Territorial Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computer_hardware_in_Yugoslavia" title="History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia">Computer systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_systems_from_Yugoslavia" title="List of computer systems from Yugoslavia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_dinar" title="Yugoslav dinar">Dinar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_krone" title="Yugoslav krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Bank of Yugoslavia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Yugoslavia" title="Postal codes in Yugoslavia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Services_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Services in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.yu" title=".yu">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Yugoslavia" title="Telephone numbers in Yugoslavia">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Railways" title="Yugoslav Railways">Railways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of companies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">List of companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Society of Yugoslavia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Yugoslavia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFRY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Yugoslavia" title="Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minorities_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minorities of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Yugoslavia" title="Public holidays in Yugoslavia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs" title="Yugoslavs">Yugoslavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs_in_Serbia" title="Yugoslavs in Serbia">in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Canadians" title="Yugoslav Canadians">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Yugoslavia" title="Languages of Yugoslavia">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene <span style="font-size:85%;">(Slovenian)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_studies" title="Yugoslav studies">Yugoslav studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yugoslavia" title="Architecture of Yugoslavia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Yugoslavia" title="Art of Yugoslavia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_films" title="List of Yugoslav films">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Drama_Theatre" title="Yugoslav Drama Theatre">Drama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Yugoslavia" title="Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia">Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yugoslavia" title="Music of Yugoslavia">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yugoslav_composers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Yugoslav composers (page does not exist)">composers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_national_costume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav national costume (page does not exist)">National costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_philosophy" title="Yugoslav philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Yugoslavia" title="Sport in Yugoslavia">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Yugoslavia" title="Football in Yugoslavia">football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">Yugoslav Radio Television</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_wine" title="Macedonian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_wine" title="Montenegrin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo" title="Literature of Kosovo">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_poets" title="List of Yugoslav poets">Poets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Anthem <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">1945–1992)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia" title="Emblem of Yugoslavia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yugoslavia" title="Flag of Yugoslavia">Flag of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_flags" title="List of Yugoslav flags">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia">Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yugoslavia" title="Category:Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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