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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_and_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_and_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Market and consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_and_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Health research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties_and_presentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties_and_presentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Varieties and presentation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties_and_presentation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties and presentation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties_and_presentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sweetened_and_flavored" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweetened_and_flavored"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sweetened and flavored</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweetened_and_flavored-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Straining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Straining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Beverages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lactose_intolerance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lactose_intolerance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Lactose intolerance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lactose_intolerance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plant-based_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant-based_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Plant-based products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant-based_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yogurt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meolcbr%C4%ABw" title="Meolcbrīw – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Meolcbrīw" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="زبادي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زبادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogur" title="Yogur – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yogur" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%C4%9Furt" title="Yoğurt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yoğurt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="یوقورت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوقورت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%87" title="দই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Йогурт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йогурт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ёгурт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёгурт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ёгурт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёгурт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Кисело мляко – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кисело мляко" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaourt" title="Yaourt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yaourt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тараг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Тараг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iogurt" title="Iogurt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iogurt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogur" title="Yogur – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yogur" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iogwrt" title="Iogwrt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iogwrt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joghurt" title="Joghurt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joghurt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Γιαούρτι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιαούρτι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogur" title="Yogur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yogur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurto" title="Jogurto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jogurto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaourt" title="Yaourt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yaourt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3gart" title="Iógart – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iógart" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iogur" title="Iogur – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iogur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%82" title="દહીં – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="દહીં" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="요구르트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요구르트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Յոգուրտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոգուրտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F)" title="दही (योगहर्ट या योगर्ट) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दही (योगहर्ट या योगर्ट)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurto" title="Yogurto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yogurto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Yogurt" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3g%C3%BArt" title="Jógúrt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jógúrt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yogurt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="יוגורט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוגורט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಮೊಸರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೊಸರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="იოგურტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოგურტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%84%D8%AF_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%B9)" title="زامُت دۄد (یوغأرٛٹ) – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زامُت دۄد (یوغأرٛٹ)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawurute" title="Yawurute – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Yawurute" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtindi" title="Mtindi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtindi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast" title="Mast – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mast" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Айран – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Айран" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C3%BArt" title="Yaúrt – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Yaúrt" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iogurtum" title="Iogurtum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iogurtum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurts" title="Jogurts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jogurts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurtas" title="Jogurtas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jogurtas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joghurt" title="Joghurt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Joghurt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80" title="दही – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दही" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Јогурт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јогурт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="യോഗർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യോഗർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="योगर्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="योगर्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yogurt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagurte" title="Yagurte – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Yagurte" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тараг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тараг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" title="ဒိန်ချဉ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒိန်ချဉ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joggert" title="Joggert – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Joggert" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80" title="दही – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दही" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ヨーグルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨーグルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iogort" title="Iogort – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iogort" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%82" title="ਦਹੀਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਹੀਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%81%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="دہیں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دہیں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iogurte" title="Iogurte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iogurte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaurt" title="Iaurt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iaurt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukhur" title="Yukhur – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yukhur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Йогурт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йогурт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="दधि – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="दधि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yogurt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosi" title="Kosi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kosi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="යෝගට් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යෝගට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yogurt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8F%D9%87%D9%8A" title="ڏهي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڏهي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماست – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Јогурт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јогурт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurt" title="Jogurt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jogurt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogurtti" title="Jogurtti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jogurtti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yoghurt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogur" title="Yogur – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yogur" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இன் தயிர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இன் தயிர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82" title="Йогырт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йогырт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="పెరుగు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పెరుగు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="นมเปรี้ยว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นมเปรี้ยว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8D%E1%8A%A6" title="ርግኦ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ርግኦ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D2%93%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ҷурғот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷурғот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%BF%E1%8F%A6%E1%8F%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%85" title="ᏧᏂᎿᏦᏯᏍᏔᏅ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏂᎿᏦᏯᏍᏔᏅ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%C4%9Furt" title="Yoğurt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yoğurt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Yogurt" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Йогурт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йогурт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%81%DB%8C" title="دہی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دہی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%AFa_chua" title="Sữa chua – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sữa chua" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Yogurt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yogurt (disambiguation)">Yogurt (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Yogurt</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joghurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Joghurt.jpg/220px-Joghurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Joghurt.jpg/330px-Joghurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Joghurt.jpg/440px-Joghurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1679" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A plate of yogurt</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fermented_dairy_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented dairy product">Fermented dairy product</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name">Probably Mesopotamia, Central Asia ~5,000 BC and independently in different places</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">Chilled</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Milk, bacteria</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yogurt" class="extiw" title="commons:Yogurt">Media: Yogurt</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yogurt</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">یوغورت</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">yoğurt</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also spelled <b>yoghurt</b>, <b>yogourt</b> or <b>yoghourt</b>) is a food produced by bacterial <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermentation</a> of milk.<sup id="cite_ref-fda_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fermentation of sugars in the milk by these bacteria produces <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a>, which acts on <a href="/wiki/Milk_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk protein">milk protein</a> to give yogurt its <a href="/wiki/Texture_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Texture (food)">texture</a> and characteristic tart flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-fda_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cow's milk is most commonly used to make yogurt. Milk from <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a>, goats, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">ewes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mares</a>, camels, and <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">yaks</a> is also used to produce yogurt. The milk used may be <a href="/wiki/Milk#Creaming_and_homogenization" title="Milk">homogenized</a> or not. It may be <a href="/wiki/Pasteurized" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasteurized">pasteurized</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raw_milk" title="Raw milk">raw</a>. Each type of milk produces substantially different results. </p><p>Yogurt is produced using a culture of <a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus"><i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_thermophilus" title="Streptococcus thermophilus">Streptococcus thermophilus</a></i> bacteria. Other <a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">lactobacilli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bifidobacterium" title="Bifidobacterium">bifidobacteria</a> are sometimes added during or after culturing yogurt. Some countries require yogurt to contain a specific amount of <a href="/wiki/Colony-forming_unit" title="Colony-forming unit">colony-forming units</a> (CFU) of bacteria; for example, in China the requirement for the number of lactobacillus bacteria is at least 1 million CFU per milliliter.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bacterial culture is mixed in, and a warm temperature of 30–45 °C (86–113 °F) is maintained for 4 to 12 hours to allow fermentation to occur, with the higher temperatures working faster but risking a lumpy texture or whey separation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_spelling">Etymology and spelling</h2></div> <p>The word for yogurt is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">یوغورت</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">yoğurt</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-collins_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is usually related to the verb <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">yoğurmak</i></span>, "to knead", or "to be curdled or coagulated; to thicken".<sup id="cite_ref-collins_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be related to <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">yoğun</i></span>, meaning thick or dense. The sounds historically represented by the Arabic letter <a href="/wiki/Ghayn" title="Ghayn">ghayn</a> in the Turkish language ranging from a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">voiced velar plosive</a> were traditionally romanized as "gh" prior to the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms#New_alphabet" title="Atatürk's reforms">new Latin-based Turkish alphabet</a> and the letter "ğ" in 1929, thus "yoghurt" spelled with a "gh" is first attested in sources from 1615 to 1625.<sup id="cite_ref-collins_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In English, spelling variations include <i>yogurt</i>, <i>yoghurt</i>, and to a lesser extent <i>yoghourt</i> or <i>yogourt</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-collins_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa the word is usually spelled <i>yoghurt</i>, while in the United States the spelling is <i>yogurt</i>. Canada has its own spelling, <i>yogourt</i>, a minority variant of the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">yaourt</i></span>, although <i>yogurt</i> and <i>yoghurt</i> are also used.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Analysis of the <i>L. delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i> genome indicates that the bacterium may have originated on the surface of a plant.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milk may have become spontaneously and unintentionally exposed to it through contact with plants, or bacteria may have been transferred from the udder of domestic milk-producing animals.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origins of yogurt are unknown but it was probably discovered first by <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> people in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> around 5000 BC, when the first milk-producing animals were domesticated. They most likely found out how to <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">ferment</a> milk by chance and in all likelihood, yogurt was discovered independently in this way in many different places at different times.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_strained_yogurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkish_strained_yogurt.jpg/220px-Turkish_strained_yogurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkish_strained_yogurt.jpg/330px-Turkish_strained_yogurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkish_strained_yogurt.jpg/440px-Turkish_strained_yogurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Unstirred Turkish <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Süzme Yoğurt</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">strained yogurt</a>), with a 10% fat content</figcaption></figure> <p>The cuisine of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">ancient Greece</a> included a <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy product</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Oxygala" title="Oxygala">oxygala</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οξύγαλα</span></span>) which was a form of yogurt.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alcock_2006_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcock_2006-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman_2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adamson_2008_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamson_2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> (AD 129 – c. 200/c. 216) mentioned that oxygala was consumed with <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, similar to the way thickened Greek yogurt is eaten today.<sup id="cite_ref-Adamson_2008_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adamson_2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman_2004_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest writings mentioning yogurt are attributed to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, who remarked that certain "barbarous nations" knew how "to thicken the milk into a substance with an agreeable acidity".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of yogurt by medieval <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a> is recorded in the books <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABw%C4%81n_Lugh%C4%81t_al-Turk" title="Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk">Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Kashgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Kashgari">Mahmud Kashgari</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig">Kutadgu Bilig</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Has_Hajib" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf Has Hajib">Yusuf Has Hajib</a> written in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-toygar_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toygar-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ogel_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogel-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both texts mention the word "yogurt" in different sections and describe its use by nomadic Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-toygar_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toygar-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ogel_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogel-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest yogurts were probably spontaneously <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a> by wild bacteria in goat skin bags.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some accounts suggest that <a href="/wiki/Mughal_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal India">Mughal Indian</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>'s cooks would flavor yogurt with mustard seeds and cinnamon.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another early account of a European encounter with yogurt occurs in French clinical history: <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a> suffered from a severe <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a> which no French doctor could cure. His ally <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> sent a doctor, who allegedly cured the patient with yogurt.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grateful king told many of the food that had cured him. </p><p>Until the 1900s, yogurt was a staple in diets of people in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (and especially Central Asia and the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>), Western Asia, <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="South Eastern Europe">South Eastern Europe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, Central Europe, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stamen_Grigorov" title="Stamen Grigorov">Stamen Grigorov</a> (1878–1945), a Bulgarian student of medicine in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, first examined the microflora of the Bulgarian yogurt. In 1905, he described it as consisting of a spherical and a rod-like lactic acid-producing bacteria. In 1907, the rod-like bacterium was called <i>Bacillus bulgaricus</i> (now <a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus"><i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i></a>). The Russian <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureate">Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Mechnikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilya Mechnikov">Ilya Mechnikov</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Institut_Pasteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut Pasteur">Institut Pasteur</a> in Paris, was influenced by Grigorov's work and hypothesized that regular consumption of yogurt was responsible for the unusually long lifespans of <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarian</a> peasants.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Believing <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a></i> to be essential for good health, Mechnikov worked to popularize yogurt as a foodstuff throughout Europe. </p><p>Industrialization of yogurt production is credited to <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Carasso" title="Isaac Carasso">Isaac Carasso</a>, who, in 1919, started a small yogurt business in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain, naming the business <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Danone" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Danone">Danone</a> ("little Daniel") after his son.<sup id="cite_ref-bramen_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bramen-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brand later expanded to the United States under an Americanized version of the name, <a href="/wiki/Dannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dannon">Dannon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bramen_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bramen-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yogurt with added fruit <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a> was patented in 1933 by the Radlická Mlékárna dairy in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yogurt was introduced to the United States in the first decade of the twentieth century, influenced by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff" title="Élie Metchnikoff">Élie Metchnikoff</a>'s <i>The Prolongation of Life; Optimistic Studies</i> (1908); it was available in tablet form for those with digestive intolerance and for home culturing.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was popularized by <a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">John Harvey Kellogg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek_Sanitarium" title="Battle Creek Sanitarium">Battle Creek Sanitarium</a>, where it was used both orally and in <a href="/wiki/Enemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Enemas">enemas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later by <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> immigrants Sarkis and Rose Colombosian, who started "Colombo and Sons Creamery" in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover, Massachusetts</a>, in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-urlThe_Massachusetts_Historical_Society_|_Object_of_the_Month_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlThe_Massachusetts_Historical_Society_|_Object_of_the_Month-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlColombo_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlColombo-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colombo Yogurt was originally delivered around New England in a horse-drawn wagon inscribed with the Armenian word "<a href="/wiki/Matzoon" title="Matzoon">madzoon</a>" which was later changed to "yogurt", the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a> name of the product, as Turkish was the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> between immigrants of the various <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near Eastern</a> ethnicities who were the main consumers at that time. Yogurt's popularity in the United States was enhanced in the 1950s and 1960s, when it was presented as a <a href="/wiki/Health_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Health food">health food</a> by scientists like Hungarian-born bacteriologist <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Gaymont" title="Stephen A. Gaymont">Stephen A. Gaymont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plain yogurt still proved too sour for the American palate and in 1966 Colombo Yogurt sweetened the yogurt and added fruit preserves, creating "fruit on the bottom" style yogurt. This was successful and company sales soon exceeded $1 million per year.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 20th century, yogurt had become a common American food item and Colombo Yogurt was sold in 1993 to <a href="/wiki/General_Mills" title="General Mills">General Mills</a>, which discontinued the brand in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_and_consumption">Market and consumption</h2></div> <p>In 2017, the average American ate 13.7 pounds (6.2 kg) of yogurt. The average consumption of yogurt has been declining since 2014.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sale of yogurt was down 3.4 percent over the 12 months ending in February 2019.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2022)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> The decline of Greek-style yogurt has allowed Icelandic <a href="/wiki/Skyr" title="Skyr">skyr</a> to gain a foothold in the United States with sales of the latter increasing 24 percent in 2018 to $173 million.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Yogurt, Greek, plain (unsweetened), whole milk (daily value)</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">406 kJ (97 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">3.98 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.0 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">5.0 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">9.0 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">beta-Carotene</a></div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div>26 μg</div><div style="padding-left:0.65em;padding-top:0.25em;">22 μg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.023 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">21%</div> 0.278 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.208 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.331 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.063 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 5 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">12</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">31%</div> 0.75 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 15.1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 100 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 11 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0.009 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 135 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 141 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 35 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.52 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Selenium</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">9.7 µg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">81.3 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171304/nutrients">Link to Full Report from USDA Database</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Yogurt (plain yogurt from whole milk) is 81% water, 9% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, 5% fat, and 4% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">carbohydrates</a>, including 4% sugars (table). A 100-gram amount provides 406 kilojoules (97 kcal) of dietary energy. As a proportion of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> (DV), a serving of yogurt is a rich source of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a> (31% DV) and <a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">riboflavin</a> (23% DV), with moderate content of protein, <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> (14 to 19% DV; table). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border-spacing: 5px; margin:auto;"> <caption>Comparison of whole milk and plain yogurt from whole milk, one cup (245 g) each </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:150px;">Property </th> <th scope="col" style="width:100px;">Milk<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:100px;">Yogurt<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></td> <td>610 kJ (146 kcal)</td> <td>620 kJ (149 kcal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">carbohydrates</a></td> <td>12.8 g</td> <td>12 g </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total fat</td> <td>7.9 g</td> <td>8.5 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></td> <td>24 mg</td> <td>32 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a></td> <td>7.9 g</td> <td>9 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></td> <td>276 mg</td> <td>296 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></td> <td>222 mg</td> <td>233 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology#Humans" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></td> <td>349 mg</td> <td>380 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology#Humans" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></td> <td>98 mg</td> <td>113 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A</a></td> <td>249 IU</td> <td>243 IU </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></td> <td>0.0 mg</td> <td>1.2 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a></td> <td>96.5 IU</td> <td>~ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></td> <td>0.1 mg</td> <td>0.1 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></td> <td>0.5 μg</td> <td>0.5 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine</a></td> <td>0.1 mg</td> <td>0.1 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin</a></td> <td>0.3 mg</td> <td>0.3 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin</a></td> <td>0.3 mg</td> <td>0.2 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B6</a></td> <td>0.1 mg</td> <td>0.1 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate</a></td> <td>12.2 μg</td> <td>17.2 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B12</a></td> <td>1.1 μg</td> <td>0.9 μg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></td> <td>34.9 mg</td> <td>37.2 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Betaine" title="Betaine">Betaine</a></td> <td>1.5 mg</td> <td>~ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Water</td> <td>215 g</td> <td>215 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ash_(analytical_chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash (analytical chemistry)">Ash</a></td> <td>1.7 g</td> <td>1.8 g </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Tilde (~) represents missing or incomplete data. The above shows little difference exists between whole milk and yogurt made from whole milk with respect to the listed nutritional constituents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_research">Health research</h2></div> <p>Because it may contain live cultures, yogurt is often associated with <a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">probiotics</a>, which have been postulated as having positive effects on <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular">cardiovascular</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_disorder" title="Metabolic disorder">metabolic</a> health.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-astrup_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astrup-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gij_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gij-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the early 21st century, high-quality clinical evidence was insufficient to conclude that consuming yogurt lowers the risk of diseases or otherwise improves health.<sup id="cite_ref-bridging_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bridging-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">Meta-analyses</a> found that consuming 80 grams per day of low-fat yogurt was associated with a lower risk of developing <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a><sup id="cite_ref-gij_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gij-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a lower incidence of <a href="/wiki/Hip_fracture" title="Hip fracture">hip fracture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">post-menopausal</a> women.<sup id="cite_ref-Ong_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ong-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2021 review found a <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">cause-and-effect</a> relationship between yogurt consumption and improved lactose tolerance and digestion, and that potential associations exist between yogurt consumption and improving bone health, as well as lowering the risk of some diseases, including cancers and <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Savaiano_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savaiano-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2></div> <p>Yogurt made with <a href="/wiki/Raw_milk" title="Raw milk">raw milk</a> can be contaminated with bacteria that can cause significant illness and even result in death, including <i><a href="/wiki/Listeria" title="Listeria">Listeria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cryptosporidium" title="Cryptosporidium">Cryptosporidium</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Campylobacter" title="Campylobacter">Campylobacter</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Brucella" title="Brucella">Brucella</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yogurts can also be contaminated with <a href="/wiki/Aflatoxin" title="Aflatoxin">aflatoxin</a>-producing <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_flavus" title="Aspergillus flavus">Aspergillus flavus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_parasiticus" title="Aspergillus parasiticus">Aspergillus parasiticus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_nomius" title="Aspergillus nomius">Aspergillus nomius</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-homayouni_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-homayouni-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contamination occurs in traditionally prepared yogurts more often than industrially processed ones, but may affect the latter as well if manufacturing and packaging practices are suboptimal.<sup id="cite_ref-homayouni_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-homayouni-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When mold forms on yogurt it can not be scraped away. The consistency of yogurt allows the mold to penetrate deeply under the surface where it spreads.<sup id="cite_ref-touzalin_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touzalin-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties_and_presentation">Varieties and presentation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tzatziki_meze_or_appetizer,_also_used_as_a_sauce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tzatziki_meze_or_appetizer%2C_also_used_as_a_sauce.jpg/220px-Tzatziki_meze_or_appetizer%2C_also_used_as_a_sauce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tzatziki_meze_or_appetizer%2C_also_used_as_a_sauce.jpg/330px-Tzatziki_meze_or_appetizer%2C_also_used_as_a_sauce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Tzatziki_meze_or_appetizer%2C_also_used_as_a_sauce.jpg/440px-Tzatziki_meze_or_appetizer%2C_also_used_as_a_sauce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a></i> or <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">cacık</i></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">meze</a> made with yogurt, cucumber, olive oil and fresh mint or dill.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)" title="Dahi (curd)">Dahi</a></i> is a yogurt from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, known for its characteristic taste and consistency. The word <i>dahi</i> seems to be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word <i>dadhi</i> ("sour milk"), one of the five elixirs, or <a href="/wiki/Panchamrita" title="Panchamrita">panchamrita</a>, often used in Hindu ritual. Sweetened dahi (<i><a href="/wiki/Mishti_doi" title="Mishti doi">mishti doi</a></i> or <i>meethi dahi</i>) is common in eastern parts of India, made by fermenting sweetened milk. While cow's milk is currently the primary ingredient for yogurt, goat and buffalo milk were widely used in the past, and valued for the fat content (see <a href="/wiki/Dahi_(curd)#Buffalo_curd" title="Dahi (curd)">buffalo curd</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dadiah" title="Dadiah">Dadiah</a> or dadih is a traditional West <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatran</a> yogurt made from <a href="/wiki/Domestic_buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic buffalo">water buffalo</a> milk, fermented in <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> tubes.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yogurt is common in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, where it is served as both an appetizer and dessert. Locally called <i>dahi</i>, it is a part of the Nepali culture, used in local festivals, marriage ceremonies, parties, religious occasions, family gatherings, and so on. One Nepalese yogurt is called <i><a href="/wiki/Dhau" title="Dhau">juju dhau</a></i>, originating from the city of <a href="/wiki/Bhaktapur" title="Bhaktapur">Bhaktapur</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, yak milk (technically dri milk, as the word yak refers to the male animal) is made into yogurt (and butter and cheese) and consumed. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iran" title="Northern Iran">Northern Iran</a>, <i>Mâst Chekide</i> is a variety of <a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">kefir</a> yogurt with a distinct sour taste. It is usually mixed with a <a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">pesto</a>-like water and fresh herb purée called <a href="/wiki/Delal_sauce" title="Delal sauce">delal</a>. Common appetizers are <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a> <a href="/wiki/Borani" title="Borani">borani</a>, <i>Mâst-o-Khiâr</i> with cucumber, spring onions and herbs, and <i>Mâst-Musir</i> with wild <a href="/wiki/Shallot" title="Shallot">shallots</a>. In the summertime, yogurt and ice cubes are mixed together with cucumbers, <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a>, salt, pepper and onions and topped with some croutons made of Persian traditional bread and served as a cold soup. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashe-M%C3%A2st&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashe-Mâst (page does not exist)">Ashe-Mâst</a> is a warm <a href="/wiki/Yogurt_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogurt soup">yogurt soup</a> with fresh herbs, spinach and lentils. Even the leftover water extracted when <a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">straining yogurt</a> is cooked to make a sour cream sauce called <a href="/wiki/Kashk" title="Kashk">kashk</a>, which is usually used as a topping on soups and stews. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Matsoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsoni">Matsoni</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> yogurt in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> and Russia. <a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a> and <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Cac%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacık">cacık</a></i></span> are cold soups made from yogurt during summertime in eastern Europe. They are made with <a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">ayran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">dill</a>, salt, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a> oil, and optionally garlic and ground <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a> in Greece and <a href="/wiki/Milk_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk salad">milk salad</a> in Bulgaria are thick yogurt-based salads similar to tarator. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyar_w_Laban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khyar w Laban (page does not exist)">Khyar w Laban</a> (cucumber and yogurt salad) is a dish in Lebanon and Syria. Also, a wide variety of local Lebanese and Syrian dishes are cooked with yogurt like "Kibbi bi Laban" <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahmjoghurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahmjoghurt (page does not exist)">Rahmjoghurt</a>, a creamy yogurt with much higher fat content (10%) than many yogurts offered in English-speaking countries. <a href="/wiki/Dovga" title="Dovga">Dovga</a>, a yogurt soup cooked with a variety of herbs and rice, is served warm in winter or refreshingly cold in summer. <a href="/wiki/Jameed" title="Jameed">Jameed</a>, yogurt salted and dried to preserve it, is consumed in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zabadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabadi">Zabadi</a> is the type of yogurt made in Egypt, usually from the milk of the <a href="/wiki/Water_Buffalo#Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Buffalo">Egyptian water buffalo</a>. It is particularly associated with <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> fasting, as it is thought to prevent thirst during all-day fasting.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweetened_and_flavored">Sweetened and flavored</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yogurt" title="Special:EditPage/Yogurt">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yogurt%22">"Yogurt"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yogurt%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Yogurt%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yogurt%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yogurt%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yogurt%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To offset its natural <a href="/wiki/Sour" class="mw-redirect" title="Sour">sourness</a>, yogurt is also sold sweetened, sweetened and flavored or in containers with fruit or fruit jam on the bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-moore18_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two styles of yogurt commonly found in the grocery store are set-style yogurt and Swiss-style yogurt. Set-style yogurt is poured into individual containers to set, while Swiss-style yogurt is stirred prior to packaging. Either may have fruit added to increase sweetness.<sup id="cite_ref-moore18_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lassi" title="Lassi">Lassi</a> is a common Indian beverage made from stirred liquified yogurt that is either salted or sweetened with sugar commonly, less commonly honey and combined with fruit pulp to create flavored lassi.<sup id="cite_ref-cloake_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloake-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consistency can vary widely, with urban and commercial lassis having uniform texture through being processed, whereas rural and rustic lassi has discernible curds or fruit pulp.<sup id="cite_ref-cloake_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloake-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large amounts of sugar – or other <a href="/wiki/Sweetener" title="Sweetener">sweeteners</a> for low-energy yogurts – are often used in commercial yogurt.<sup id="cite_ref-moore18_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-berry_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berry-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some yogurts contain added <a href="/wiki/Modified_starch" title="Modified starch">modified starch</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a> (found naturally in fruit) or <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a> to create thickness and creaminess. This type of yogurt may be marketed under the name Swiss-style, although it is unrelated to conventional Swiss yogurt. Some yogurts, often called "cream line", are made with whole milk which has not been homogenized so the cream rises to the top. In many countries, sweetened, flavored yogurt is common, typically sold in <a href="/wiki/Single-use" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-use">single-serving</a> <a href="/wiki/Plastic_cup" title="Plastic cup">plastic cups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moore18_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common flavors may include <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toffee" title="Toffee">toffee</a>, and various fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-moore18_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-berry_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berry-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 21st century, yogurt flavors inspired by desserts, such as chocolate or cheesecake, became common.<sup id="cite_ref-berry_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berry-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is concern about the <a href="#Nutrition">health effects of sweetened yogurt</a> due to its high sugar content,<sup id="cite_ref-moore18_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although research indicates that use of sugar in yogurt manufacturing has decreased since 2016 in response to <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> and government initiatives to combat <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moore18_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore18-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Straining">Straining</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">Strained yogurt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StrainYogurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/StrainYogurt.jpg/220px-StrainYogurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/StrainYogurt.jpg/330px-StrainYogurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/StrainYogurt.jpg/440px-StrainYogurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>A coffee filter used to strain yogurt in a home refrigerator</figcaption></figure> <p>Strained yogurt has been strained through a filter, traditionally made of <a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">muslin</a> and more recently of paper or non-muslin cloth. This removes the <a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">whey</a>, giving a much thicker consistency. Strained yogurt is made at home, especially if using skimmed milk which results in a thinner consistency.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yogurt that has been strained to filter or remove the whey is known as <a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a> in Middle Eastern countries. It has a consistency between that of yogurt and cheese. It may be used for <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwiches</a> in Middle Eastern countries. Olive oil, cucumber slices, olives, and various green herbs may be added. It can be thickened further and rolled into balls, preserved in olive oil, and fermented for a few more weeks. It is sometimes used with onions, meat, and nuts as a stuffing for a variety of pies or <a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">kibbeh</a> balls. </p><p>Some types of strained yogurts are boiled in open vats first, so that the liquid content is reduced. The East Indian dessert, a variation of traditional dahi called <a href="/wiki/Mishti_doi" title="Mishti doi">mishti dahi</a>, offers a thicker, more custard-like consistency, and is usually sweeter than western yogurts.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In western Indian (Marathi and Gujarati) cuisine, strained yogurt is macerated with sugar and spices such as saffron, cardamom and nutmeg to make the dessert "shrikhand". Strained yogurt is also enjoyed in Greece and is the main component of <i><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">tzatziki</a></i> (from Turkish "<span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Cac%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacık">cacık</a></i></span>"), a well-known accompaniment to <a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">gyros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">souvlaki</a> pita sandwiches: it is a yogurt sauce or dip made with the addition of grated <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>, salt and, optionally, mashed garlic. <a href="/wiki/Srikhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Srikhand">Srikhand</a>, a dessert in India, is made from strained yogurt, <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a> and sugar and sometimes fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>. </p><p>In North America, strained yogurt is commonly called "Greek yogurt". Powdered milk is sometimes added in lieu of straining to achieve thickness. In Britain as "Greek-style yogurt". In Britain the name "Greek" may only be applied to yogurt made in Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beverages">Beverages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yogurt" title="Special:EditPage/Yogurt">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ayran, <a href="/wiki/Doogh" title="Doogh">doogh</a> ("dawghe" in <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Neo-Aramaic</a>) or dhallë is a yogurt-based, salty drink. It is made by mixing yogurt with water and (sometimes) salt. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Borhani" title="Borhani">Borhani</a> (or burhani) is a spicy yogurt drink from <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. It is usually served with kacchi <a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">biryani</a> at weddings and special feasts. Key ingredients are yogurt blended with mint leaves (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mentha</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mustard_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustard seeds">mustard seeds</a> and black rock salt (<a href="/wiki/Kala_Namak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kala Namak">Kala Namak</a>). Ground roasted <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>, ground <a href="/wiki/White_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="White pepper">white pepper</a>, green <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a> paste and sugar are often added. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lassi" title="Lassi">Lassi</a> is a yogurt-based beverage that is usually slightly salty or sweet, and may be commercially flavored with <a href="/wiki/Rosewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosewater">rosewater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> or other fruit juice. Salty lassi is usually flavored with ground, roasted cumin and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">red chilies</a>, and may be made with <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An unsweetened and unsalted yogurt drink usually called simply <i>jogurt</i> is consumed with <i><a href="/wiki/Burek" class="mw-redirect" title="Burek">burek</a></i> and other baked goods in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. Sweetened yogurt drinks are the usual form in Europe (including the UK) and the US, containing fruit and added sweeteners. These are typically called "drinkable yogurt". Also available are "yogurt smoothies", which contain a higher proportion of fruit and are more like <a href="/wiki/Smoothie" title="Smoothie">smoothies</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drinkable_Yogurt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Drinkable_Yogurt.png/220px-Drinkable_Yogurt.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Drinkable_Yogurt.png/330px-Drinkable_Yogurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Drinkable_Yogurt.png/440px-Drinkable_Yogurt.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1124" /></a><figcaption>Yogurt drinks on sale</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joghurtger%C3%A4t.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Joghurtger%C3%A4t.JPG/220px-Joghurtger%C3%A4t.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Joghurtger%C3%A4t.JPG/330px-Joghurtger%C3%A4t.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Joghurtger%C3%A4t.JPG/440px-Joghurtger%C3%A4t.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Commercially available home yogurt maker</figcaption></figure> <p>Yogurt production involves preparing warm milk to a temperature (30–45 °C (86–113 °F)) that will not kill the live <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a> that turn the milk into yogurt, inoculating certain bacteria (<a href="/wiki/Starter_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Starter culture">starter culture</a>), usually <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_thermophilus" title="Streptococcus thermophilus">Streptococcus thermophilus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_bulgaricus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactobacillus bulgaricus">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</a></i>, into the milk, and finally keeping it warm for several hours (4–12 hours).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milk with a higher concentration of solids than normal milk may be used; the higher solids content produces a firmer yogurt. Solids can be increased by adding dried milk.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yogurt-making process provides two significant barriers to <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogen</a> growth, heat and acidity (low pH). Both are necessary to ensure a safe product. Acidity alone has been questioned by recent outbreaks of food poisoning by <i><a href="/wiki/E._coli_O157:H7" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli O157:H7">E. coli O157:H7</a></i> that is acid-tolerant. <i>E. coli O157:H7</i> is easily destroyed by pasteurization (heating); the initial heating of the milk kills pathogens as well as denaturing proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The microorganisms that turn milk into yogurt can tolerate higher temperatures than most pathogens, so that a suitable temperature not only encourages the formation of yogurt, but inhibits pathogenic microorganisms. Once the yogurt has formed it can, if desired, be <a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">strained</a> to reduce the whey content and thicken it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commerce">Commerce</h2></div> <p>Two types of yogurt are supported by the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Alimentarius" title="Codex Alimentarius">Codex Alimentarius</a> for import and export.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Codex_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Codex-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pasteurized yogurt ("heat treated fermented milk")<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_Codex_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO_Codex-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is yogurt pasteurized to kill bacteria.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Probiotic yogurt (labeled as "live yogurt" or "active yogurt") is yogurt pasteurized to kill bacteria, with <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a></i> added in measured units before packaging.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2020)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yogurt#Dubious" title="Talk:Yogurt">discuss</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Yogurt probiotic drink is a drinkable yogurt pasteurized to kill bacteria, with <i>Lactobacillus</i> added before packaging.</li></ul> <p>Under US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> regulations, milk must be pasteurized <i>before</i> it is cultured, and may optionally be heat treated after culturing to increase shelf life.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most commercial yogurts in the United States are not heat treated after culturing, and contain live cultures. </p><p>Yogurt with live cultures<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is more beneficial than pasteurized yogurt for people with lactose malabsorption.<sup id="cite_ref-efsa_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efsa-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lactose_intolerance">Lactose intolerance</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">Lactose intolerance</a> is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a> (EFSA) determined that lactose intolerance can be alleviated by ingesting live yogurt cultures (lactobacilli) that are able to digest the lactose in other dairy products.<sup id="cite_ref-efsa_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efsa-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scientific review by EFSA enabled yogurt manufacturers to use a <a href="/wiki/Health_claim" title="Health claim">health claim</a> on product labels, provided that the "yogurt should contain at least 10<sup>8</sup> CFU live starter microorganisms (<i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i> and <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>) per gram. The target population is individuals with lactose maldigestion".<sup id="cite_ref-efsa_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efsa-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2021 review found that yogurt consumption could improve lactose tolerance and digestion.<sup id="cite_ref-Savaiano_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savaiano-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plant-based_products">Plant-based products</h2></div> <p>A variety of plant-based yogurt alternatives appeared in the 2000s, using <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_milk" title="Rice milk">rice milk</a>, and nut milks such as <a href="/wiki/Almond_milk" title="Almond milk">almond milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a> fermented with cultures. These products may be suitable for people with <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance</a> or those who prefer plant-based foods such as vegetarians or <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-barnes_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnes-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant-based milks</a> have different structures and components than <a href="/wiki/Dairy_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy milk">dairy milk</a>. Though they can be used to make many products similar to those made from dairy, there are differences in taste and texture, and some consumers may feel that they lack the "delicate and smooth structure" of "conventional yogurts".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since plant-based milks do not contain <a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">lactose</a> (the food of <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_thermophilus" title="Streptococcus thermophilus">Streptococcus thermophilus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_bulgaricus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactobacillus bulgaricus">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</a></i>), plant-based products usually contain different bacterial strains than yogurt, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_casei" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactobacillus casei">Lactobacillus casei</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_rhamnosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactobacillus rhamnosus">Lactobacillus rhamnosus</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Bifidobacterium_bifidum" title="Bifidobacterium bifidum">Bifidobacterium bifidum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-webb_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webb-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plant-based products also vary considerably in their nutrition and ingredients and may contain gums, stabilizers, high-intensity sweeteners, and artificial colors.<sup id="cite_ref-webb_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webb-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Europe, companies may not market their plant-based products using the word <i>yogurt</i> since that term is reserved for products of animal origin only – per <a href="/wiki/European_Union_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union regulation">European Union regulation</a> 1308/2013 and a 2017 ruling in the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reaffirmed in 2021, per the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Standards_of_identity_for_food" title="Standards of identity for food">Standard of Identity</a> regulations, the word <i>yogurt</i> has been reserved for a product made from <a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">lactation</a> and is a product of "milk-derived ingredients".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoghurt_for_sale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sweet yoghurt, made and contained in pots of clay are kept for sale, Bangladesh."><img alt="Sweet yoghurt, made and contained in pots of clay are kept for sale, Bangladesh." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Yoghurt_for_sale.jpg/120px-Yoghurt_for_sale.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Yoghurt_for_sale.jpg/180px-Yoghurt_for_sale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Yoghurt_for_sale.jpg/240px-Yoghurt_for_sale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="1531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Misti_doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Misti doi">Sweet yoghurt</a>, made and contained in pots of clay are kept for sale, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresh_ayran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayran is a savory yogurt-based beverage, traditionally served cold and is sometimes carbonated and seasoned with mint and salt."><img alt="Ayran is a savory yogurt-based beverage, traditionally served cold and is sometimes carbonated and seasoned with mint and salt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fresh_ayran.jpg/89px-Fresh_ayran.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fresh_ayran.jpg/133px-Fresh_ayran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Fresh_ayran.jpg/178px-Fresh_ayran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></i> is a savory yogurt-based beverage, traditionally served cold and is sometimes carbonated and seasoned with mint and salt.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyr.is_me%C3%B0_vanillu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyr is an Icelandic cultured dairy product, similar to strained yogurt traditionally served cold with milk and a topping of sugar."><img alt="Skyr is an Icelandic cultured dairy product, similar to strained yogurt traditionally served cold with milk and a topping of sugar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Skyr.is_me%C3%B0_vanillu.jpg/120px-Skyr.is_me%C3%B0_vanillu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Skyr.is_me%C3%B0_vanillu.jpg/180px-Skyr.is_me%C3%B0_vanillu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Skyr.is_me%C3%B0_vanillu.jpg/240px-Skyr.is_me%C3%B0_vanillu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Skyr" title="Skyr">Skyr</a></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a> cultured dairy product, similar to strained yogurt traditionally served cold with milk and a topping of sugar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raita_with_cucumber_and_mint.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raita is a condiment made with yogurt in the Indian subcontinent."><img alt="Raita is a condiment made with yogurt in the Indian subcontinent." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Raita_with_cucumber_and_mint.jpg/120px-Raita_with_cucumber_and_mint.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Raita_with_cucumber_and_mint.jpg/180px-Raita_with_cucumber_and_mint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Raita_with_cucumber_and_mint.jpg/240px-Raita_with_cucumber_and_mint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Raita" title="Raita">Raita</a></i> is a condiment made with yogurt in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dadiah1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dadiah in a market"><img alt="Dadiah in a market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Dadiah1.jpg/120px-Dadiah1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Dadiah1.jpg/180px-Dadiah1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Dadiah1.jpg/240px-Dadiah1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dadiah" title="Dadiah">Dadiah</a> in a market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Homemade_yogurt_maker_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Homemade yogurt incubator"><img alt="Homemade yogurt incubator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Homemade_yogurt_maker_-_01.jpg/72px-Homemade_yogurt_maker_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Homemade_yogurt_maker_-_01.jpg/108px-Homemade_yogurt_maker_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Homemade_yogurt_maker_-_01.jpg/144px-Homemade_yogurt_maker_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="2716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Homemade yogurt incubator</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_milk_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented milk products">Fermented milk products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_yogurt" title="Frozen yogurt">Frozen yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dairy_products" title="List of dairy products">List of dairy products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">Probiotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yogurt-based_dishes_and_beverages" title="List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages">List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/yogurt">"YOGURT | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"</a>. <i>dictionary.cambridge.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.cambridge.org&rft.atitle=YOGURT+%7C+meaning+in+the+Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fyogurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fda-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fda_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fda_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=131.200">"Yogurt: from Part 131 – Milk and Cream. Subpart B – Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream, Sec. 131.200"</a>. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, US Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yogurt%3A+from+Part+131+%E2%80%93+Milk+and+Cream.+Subpart+B+%E2%80%93+Requirements+for+Specific+Standardized+Milk+and+Cream%2C+Sec.+131.200&rft.pub=Code+of+Federal+Regulations%2C+Title+21%2C+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fscripts%2Fcdrh%2Fcfdocs%2Fcfcfr%2FCFRSearch.cfm%3Ffr%3D131.200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2012" class="citation book cs1">Lee YK, et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tFjsAuo5WocC&q=%22Product+Standard+GB19302-2010%22&pg=PA712">"Probiotic Regulation in Asian Countries"</a>. In Lahtinen S, et al. (eds.). <i>Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects</i> (Fourth ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Great+Yogurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.brodandtaylor.com%2Fblogs%2Frecipes%2Fthe-science-of-great-yogurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collins-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collins_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collins_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collins_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collins_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005141215/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/yoghurt">"Yogurt"</a>. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. HarperCollins. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/yoghurt">the original</a> on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yogurt&rft.pub=Collins+English+Dictionary+%E2%80%93+Complete+%26+Unabridged+10th+Edition.+HarperCollins&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fyoghurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedhouse1890" class="citation book cs1">Redhouse, James W. (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ATurkishAndEnglishLexicon/page/n2235/mode/2up"><i>A Turkish and English Lexicon</i></a>. pp. 2215–2216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turkish+and+English+Lexicon&rft.pages=2215-2216&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Redhouse&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FATurkishAndEnglishLexicon%2Fpage%2Fn2235%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/yo%C4%9Furt">"yoğurt"</a>. <i>Nişanyan Sözlük</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ni%C5%9Fanyan+S%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk&rft.atitle=yo%C4%9Furt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisanyansozluk.com%2Fkelime%2Fyo%25C4%259Furt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Canadian Oxford dictionary</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 1807. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195418166" title="Special:BookSources/0195418166"><bdi>0195418166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Oxford+dictionary&rft.pages=1807&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0195418166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international.inra.fr/press/lactobacillus_genome_sequence_in_yogurt">"The sequence of the lactobacillus genome in yogurt unveiled"</a>. 16 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+sequence+of+the+lactobacillus+genome+in+yogurt+unveiled&rft.date=2006-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international.inra.fr%2Fpress%2Flactobacillus_genome_sequence_in_yogurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/10502-yogurt-culture-evolves.html">"Yogurt Culture Evolves"</a>. livescience.com. 9 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yogurt+Culture+Evolves&rft.pub=livescience.com&rft.date=2006-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F10502-yogurt-culture-evolves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogurtinnutrition.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Le-yaourt-du-lait-qui-a-vu-du-pays.pdf">"Source: Courrier International, December 2014 (in french)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Source%3A+Courrier+International%2C+December+2014+%28in+french%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogurtinnutrition.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F03%2FLe-yaourt-du-lait-qui-a-vu-du-pays.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamani" class="citation web cs1">Ramani, Madhvi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180110-the-country-that-brought-yoghurt-to-the-world">"The country that brought yoghurt to the world"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=The+country+that+brought+yoghurt+to+the+world&rft.aulast=Ramani&rft.aufirst=Madhvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20180110-the-country-that-brought-yoghurt-to-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.danoneinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Book-Yogurt-Ancient-Food-2018_en.pdf">Yogurt, ancient food in the 21st century page 29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dalby" title="Andrew Dalby">Dalby A</a> (1996). <i>Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece</i>. London: Routledge. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-15657-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-15657-2"><bdi>0-415-15657-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Siren+Feasts%3A+A+History+of+Food+and+Gastronomy+in+Greece&rft.place=London&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-415-15657-2&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcock_2006-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alcock_2006_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcock2006" class="citation book cs1">Alcock JP (2006). <i>Food in the Ancient World</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313330032" title="Special:BookSources/9780313330032"><bdi>9780313330032</bdi></a>. <q>Curdled milk (oxygala or melca), probably a kind of yogurt, was acceptable because it was easier to digest. Even so, it was still to be mixed with honey or olive oil. Columella gave instructions on how to make sour milk with seasoning into ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780313330032&rft.aulast=Alcock&rft.aufirst=Joan+Pilsbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffman_2004-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman_2004_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman_2004_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2004" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman S (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/olivecaper00susa"><i>The Olive and the Caper: Adventures in Greek Cooking</i></a></span>. Workman Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/olivecaper00susa/page/471">471</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761164548" title="Special:BookSources/9780761164548"><bdi>9780761164548</bdi></a>. <q>...something like yogurt was known to Greeks since classical times – a sort of thickened sour milk called Pyriate or oxygala. Oxi meant "sour" or "vinegar"; gala, "milk". Galen says that Oxygala was eaten alone with honey, just as thick Greek yogurt is today.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Olive+and+the+Caper%3A+Adventures+in+Greek+Cooking&rft.pages=471&rft.pub=Workman+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780761164548&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Susanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Folivecaper00susa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adamson_2008-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adamson_2008_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adamson_2008_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson2008" class="citation book cs1">Adamson MW (2008). <i>Entertaining from Ancient Rome to the Super Bowl: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313086892" title="Special:BookSources/9780313086892"><bdi>9780313086892</bdi></a>. <q>Oxygala, however, a form of yogurt, was eaten and sometimes mixed with honey. Ancient Greek and Roman cuisine did not rely on non-cultured milk products, which can be explained in part because without refrigeration milk becomes sour ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entertaining+from+Ancient+Rome+to+the+Super+Bowl%3A+An+Encyclopedia+%5B2+volumes%5D%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780313086892&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=Melitta+Weiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Natural History of Pliny</i>, tr. <a href="/wiki/John_Bostock_(physician)" title="John Bostock (physician)">John Bostock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Riley" title="Henry Thomas Riley">Henry Thomas Riley</a>, London: Bell, 1856–93, Volume 3 (book 11, section 239), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A0EMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84">p. 84</a>: "It is a remarkable circumstance, that the barbarous nations which subsist on milk have been for so many ages either ignorant of the merits of cheese, or else have totally disregarded it; and yet they understand how to thicken milk and form therefrom an acrid kind of milk with a pleasant flavor, as well as a rich butter".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toygar-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toygar_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toygar_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToygar1993" class="citation book cs1">Toygar K (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ai61AAAAIAAJ"><i>Türk Mutfak Kültürü Üzerine Araştırmalar</i></a>. Türk Halk Kültürünü Araştırma ve Tanıtma Vakfı. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789757878001" title="Special:BookSources/9789757878001"><bdi>9789757878001</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrk+Mutfak+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC+%C3%9Czerine+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=T%C3%BCrk+Halk+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BCn%C3%BC+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma+ve+Tan%C4%B1tma+Vakf%C4%B1&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9789757878001&rft.aulast=Toygar&rft.aufirst=Kamil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAi61AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ogel-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ogel_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ogel_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖgel1978" class="citation book cs1">Ögel B (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NuvVUlWbikYC"><i>Türk Kültür Tarihine Giriş: Türklerde Yemek Kültürü</i></a>. Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları. p. 35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrk+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+Tarihine+Giri%C5%9F%3A+T%C3%BCrklerde+Yemek+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1+Yay%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=%C3%96gel&rft.aufirst=Bahaeddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNuvVUlWbikYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiancalana" class="citation web cs1">Biancalana A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diwinetaste.com/dwt/en2004107.php">"Yogurt – Aquavitae"</a>. DiWineTaste<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yogurt+%E2%80%93+Aquavitae&rft.pub=DiWineTaste&rft.aulast=Biancalana&rft.aufirst=Antonello&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diwinetaste.com%2Fdwt%2Fen2004107.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyle1982" class="citation book cs1">Coyle LP (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trick00lpat"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Food</i></a></span>. Facts On File Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trick00lpat/page/763">763</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-417-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-417-5"><bdi>978-0-87196-417-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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USDA <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service" title="Foreign Agricultural Service">Foreign Agricultural Service</a>. 11 July 2017. <q>In its June 14 ruling, the ECJ concluded that for marketing and advertising purposes, in principle, the designations "milk", "cream", "butter", "cheese" and "yogurt" are reserved under EU law for products of animal origin only. The ECJ ruling prohibits the use of dairy names in association with purely plantbased products unless the names are included in an EU list of exceptions. The ECJ also clarifies that this prohibition applies even when the plant origin of the product concerned is provided because the addition of descriptive and explanatory terms cannot completely rule out consumer confusion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Court+Prohibits+Use+of+Dairy+Names+for+NonDairy+Products&rft.pub=USDA+Foreign+Agricultural+Service&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.fas.usda.gov%2Fnewgainapi%2Fapi%2Freport%2Fdownloadreportbyfilename%3Ffilename%3Deuropean%2520court%2520prohibits%2520use%2520of%2520dairy%2520names%2520for%2520non-dairy%2520products_brussels%2520useu_eu-28_7-11-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottlieb2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Gottlieb, Scott</a> (27 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-modernizing-standards-identity-and-use-dairy-names">"Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on modernizing standards of identity and the use of dairy names for plant-based substitutes"</a>. <i>FDA</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Statement+from+FDA+Commissioner+Scott+Gottlieb%2C+M.D.%2C+on+modernizing+standards+of+identity+and+the+use+of+dairy+names+for+plant-based+substitutes&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fpress-announcements%2Fstatement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-modernizing-standards-identity-and-use-dairy-names&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/06/11/2021-12220/milk-and-cream-products-and-yogurt-products-final-rule-to-revoke-the-standards-for-lowfat-yogurt-and">"Milk and Cream Products and Yogurt Products; Final Rule To Revoke the Standards for Lowfat Yogurt and Nonfat Yogurt and To Amend the Standard for Yogurt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>. 11 June 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milk+and+Cream+Products+and+Yogurt+Products%3B+Final+Rule+To+Revoke+the+Standards+for+Lowfat+Yogurt+and+Nonfat+Yogurt+and+To+Amend+the+Standard+for+Yogurt&rft.pub=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2021%2F06%2F11%2F2021-12220%2Fmilk-and-cream-products-and-yogurt-products-final-rule-to-revoke-the-standards-for-lowfat-yogurt-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nmpf.org/yogurt-rule-may-aid-consumer-win-on-fake-milk-if-fda-follows-through/">"Yogurt Rule May Aid Consumer Win on Fake Milk – If FDA Follows Through"</a>. <i>National Milk Producers Federation</i>. 12 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Milk+Producers+Federation&rft.atitle=Yogurt+Rule+May+Aid+Consumer+Win+on+Fake+Milk+%E2%80%93+If+FDA+Follows+Through&rft.date=2021-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmpf.org%2Fyogurt-rule-may-aid-consumer-win-on-fake-milk-if-fda-follows-through%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ottoman pronunciation: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="az-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">[joˈɣuɾt]</a></span>, modern Turkish pronunciation: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[joˈuɾt]</a></span>, colloquial modern pronunciation: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[joːɾt]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/yogurt" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/yogurt"><i>yogurt</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yogurt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yogurts" title="Template:Yogurts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yogurts" title="Template talk:Yogurts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yogurts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yogurts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yogurt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yogurt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curd_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curd (India)">Curd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadiah" title="Dadiah">Dadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhau" title="Dhau">Dhau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_yogurt" title="Frozen yogurt">Frozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzoon" title="Matzoon">Matzoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_lao" title="Nai lao">Nai lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatiq" title="Qatiq">Qatiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">Strained</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obstjoghurt01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Obstjoghurt01.jpg/80px-Obstjoghurt01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Obstjoghurt01.jpg/120px-Obstjoghurt01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Obstjoghurt01.jpg/160px-Obstjoghurt01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_starter" title="Fermentation starter">Cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus"><i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_thermophilus" title="Streptococcus thermophilus">Streptococcus thermophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bifidobacterium" title="Bifidobacterium">Bifidobacterium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yogurt-based_dishes_and_beverages" title="List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages">Dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borani" title="Borani">Borani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churri" title="Churri">Churri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1lb%C4%B1r" title="Çılbır">Çılbır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukauni" title="Chukauni">Chukauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_raita" title="Cucumber raita">Cucumber raita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_chutney" title="Dahi chutney">Dahi chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_baigana" title="Dahi baigana">Dahi baigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_machha" title="Dahi machha">Dahi machha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_vada" title="Dahi vada">Dahi vada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahibara_Aludam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahibara Aludam">Dahibara Aludam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovga" title="Dovga">Dovga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameed" title="Jameed">Jameed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadhi" title="Kadhi">Kadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashk" title="Kashk">Kashk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitha_dahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitha dahi">Mitha dahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parfait" title="Parfait">Parfait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papri_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Papri chaat">Papri chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raita" title="Raita">Raita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrikhand" title="Shrikhand">Shrikhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spas_(soup)" title="Spas (soup)">Spas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoixo" title="Zhoixo">Zhoixo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yogurt-based_dishes_and_beverages" title="List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages">Drinks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acidophiline" title="Acidophiline">Acidophiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaas" title="Chaas">Chaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chal" title="Chal">Chal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalap" title="Chalap">Chalap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doogh" title="Doogh">Doogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassi" title="Lassi">Lassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leben_(milk_product)" title="Leben (milk product)">Leben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattha" title="Mattha">Mattha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_lao" title="Nai lao">Nai lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaere" title="Omaere">Omaere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazhenka" title="Ryazhenka">Ryazhenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenets" title="Varenets">Varenets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_milk_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented milk products">Fermented milk products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasi" title="Amasi">Amasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">Buttermilk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calpis" title="Calpis">Calpis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clabber_(food)" title="Clabber (food)">Clabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_fra%C3%AEche" title="Crème fraîche">Crème fraîche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmj%C3%B6lk" title="Filmjölk">Filmjölk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocoque" title="Jocoque">Jocoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mursik" title="Mursik">Mursik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(dairy_product)" title="Quark (dairy product)">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyr" title="Skyr">Skyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)" title="Smetana (dairy product)">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">Sour cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soured_milk" title="Soured milk">Soured milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suorat" title="Suorat">Suorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viili" title="Viili">Viili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakult" title="Yakult">Yakult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yay%C4%B1k_ayran%C4%B1" title="Yayık ayranı">Yayık ayranı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymer_(dairy_product)" title="Ymer (dairy product)">Ymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">Whey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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