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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_coastal_water_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_coastal_water_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Major coastal water bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_coastal_water_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Populace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Populace</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Populace-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Populace subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Populace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico_–_United_States_border" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico_–_United_States_border"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mexico – United States border</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico_–_United_States_border-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maritime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Maritime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maritime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Tech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_business_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_business_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Major business districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_business_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-border_Trade_&_NAFTA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-border_Trade_&_NAFTA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Cross-border Trade & NAFTA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-border_Trade_&_NAFTA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Major highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports_of_Entry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports_of_Entry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Ports of Entry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports_of_Entry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Communication-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Communication subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Telephone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telephone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Telephone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telephone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Other infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Border_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Border influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alcohol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcohol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.1</span> <span>Alcohol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcohol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>International recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_Enclaves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_Enclaves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.1</span> <span>Cultural Enclaves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_Enclaves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&params=32_32_31.87_N_117_01_46.63_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°32′31.87″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°01′46.63″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.5421861°N 117.0296194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.5421861; -117.0296194</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Transborder agglomeration of the Californias</div> <p> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&params=32_32_31.87_N_117_01_46.63_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°32′31.87″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°01′46.63″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.5421861°N 117.0296194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.5421861; -117.0296194</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">San Diego–Tijuana</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Transborder_agglomeration" title="Transborder agglomeration">Transborder agglomeration</a><br /> of <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">the Californias</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_skyline_18_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Downtown San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg/536px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4619" data-file-height="1716" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">Downtown San Diego</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Jolla_Shores_view_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="La Jolla Shores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg/139px-La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg/209px-La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1237" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Shores" title="La Jolla Shores">La Jolla Shores</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mission_San_Diego_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mission San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/125px-Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/188px-Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/250px-Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1845" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission San Diego">Mission San Diego</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Cecut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tijuana Cultural Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/El_Cecut.jpg/132px-El_Cecut.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/El_Cecut.jpg/198px-El_Cecut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/El_Cecut.jpg/264px-El_Cecut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cultural_Center" title="Tijuana Cultural Center">Tijuana Cultural Center</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_(24671189772).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Avenida Revolución and Tijuana Arch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%2824671189772%29.jpg/132px-Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%2824671189772%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%2824671189772%29.jpg/198px-Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%2824671189772%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%2824671189772%29.jpg/264px-Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%2824671189772%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n" title="Avenida Revolución">Avenida Revolución</a> and Tijuana Arch</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tijuana_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Downtown Tijuana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tijuana_skyline.jpg/268px-Tijuana_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tijuana_skyline.jpg/402px-Tijuana_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tijuana_skyline.jpg/536px-Tijuana_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5045" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Tijuana" title="Downtown Tijuana">Downtown Tijuana</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Primary urban area of San Diego–Tijuana"><img alt="Primary urban area of San Diego–Tijuana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Location_map_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana.png/300px-Location_map_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Location_map_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana.png/450px-Location_map_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Location_map_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Primary urban area of San Diego–Tijuana</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>United States</li> <li>Mexico</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>by population <br /> by area</li></ul> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Principal cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>San Diego</li><li>Tijuana</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Transborder_agglomeration" title="Transborder agglomeration">Transborder agglomeration</a><br /> of <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">the Californias</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,194 sq mi (16,040 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 – 6,533 ft (0 – 1,991 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2012 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-wg_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,020/sq mi (394/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,456,487</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_Americas" title="List of metropolitan areas in the Americas">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,922,723<sup id="cite_ref-America:_metropolitan_areas_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-America:_metropolitan_areas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TelluBase_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelluBase-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • San Diego</th><td class="infobox-data">US$295.6 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Tijuana</th><td class="infobox-data">US$32.4 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • San Diego–Tijuana</th><td class="infobox-data">US$328.0 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%928" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−8">UTC−8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%927" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−7">UTC−7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">PDT</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>San Diego–Tijuana</b> is an international <a href="/wiki/Transborder_agglomeration" title="Transborder agglomeration">transborder agglomeration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> straddling the border of the adjacent <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> coastal cities of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>, United States, and <a href="/wiki/Tijuana,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijuana, Baja California">Tijuana, Baja California</a>, Mexico. The 2020 population of the region was 5,456,577, making it the largest bi-national <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> shared between the United States and Mexico, and the second-largest shared between the US and another country.<sup id="cite_ref-America:_metropolitan_areas_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-America:_metropolitan_areas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conurbation consists of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a>, (2020 population 3,298,634)<sup id="cite_ref-QF2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QF2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Municipio_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipio (Mexico)">municipalities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijuana Municipality, Baja California">Tijuana</a> (2020 pop. 1,922,523), <a href="/wiki/Rosarito_Beach_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarito Beach Municipality">Rosarito Beach</a> (126,980), and <a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecate Municipality, Baja California">Tecate</a> (108,440) in Mexico. It is the third most populous region in the California–Baja California region, smaller only than the metropolitan areas of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>. </p><p>The metropolitan region is host to 13 consulates for several countries.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over fifty million people cross the border each year between San Diego and Tijuana, giving the region the busiest land-border crossing in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA) in 1994, San Diego–Tijuana has become a dominant commercial center in the United States and Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic success of <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> has allowed San Diego–Tijuana to grow to the third richest region in the former <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">Californias</a> region, with a <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of $136.3 billion in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-SD_Dialogue_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD_Dialogue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renowned for natural beauty, tourism is a leading industry in the region and its coastal environs have been paramount factors in the growth of <a href="/wiki/Extreme_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme sports">action sports</a>-lifestyle companies. Other key industries include military, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotech</a>, and manufacturing. </p><p>San Diego–Tijuana traces its European roots to 1542, when the land was explored by <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> explorers on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. In 1601, it was mandated by the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> that safe ports be found, one of which would be <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a>, for ships of the <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Basque_History_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basque_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this mission, explorer <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a> was also told to map the California coast in great detail, leading to the further exploration of the modern-day site of San Diego–Tijuana.<sup id="cite_ref-Basque_History_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basque_History-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2010, statewide <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">droughts in California</a> and in northern Mexico have further strained the San Diego–Tijuana binational region's <a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">water security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a>, referred to as Diegueño by the Spanish, are the original inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-viejasbandofkumeyaay.org_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viejasbandofkumeyaay.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kumeyaay lived in this region for over 10,000 years as <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter-gatherers">hunter-gatherers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horticulturists" class="mw-redirect" title="Horticulturists">horticulturists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-viejasbandofkumeyaay.org_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viejasbandofkumeyaay.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boundaries of the Kumeyaay lands once extended from the Pacific Ocean, south to <a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Baja_California" title="Ensenada, Baja California">Ensenada, Baja California</a>, east into the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a> and north to <a href="/wiki/Warner_Springs,_California" title="Warner Springs, California">Warner Springs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-viejasbandofkumeyaay.org_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viejasbandofkumeyaay.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño</a>, or Payómkawichum, also had a presence in modern-day <a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County San Diego.</a> </p><p>Western exploration of the Californias dates back to the 16th century when in 1535 <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> first visited the Baja California Peninsula in his search for <a href="/wiki/Calafia" title="Calafia">Calafia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BorderFacts_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BorderFacts-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent exploration in 1542 by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> brought the western explorers to what is now the California-Baja California region. Cabrillo first named <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael">San Miguel</a>. Initial expeditions by the west to the Californias were followed by pacification and conversion efforts by the Spanish Empire and the Catholic Church. The first Catholic religious order to visit the region was the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> in 1683, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> in 1768, and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> in the 1770s.<sup id="cite_ref-BorderFacts_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BorderFacts-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The California mission system is a reminder of the Pacific Coast's colonial era. </p><p>In 1769 Father <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a> founded San Diego after occupying the Kumeyaay village of <a href="/wiki/Kosa%27aay" title="Kosa'aay">Kosa'aay</a> and created the first of the <a href="/wiki/California_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="California missions">California missions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Valley of Tijuana was explored the same year by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Cresp%C3%AD" title="Juan Crespí">Juan Crespí</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1829 <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Arg%C3%BCello" title="Santiago Argüello">Santiago Argüello</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> and a major Mexican land grant ranchos owner, obtained ownership of a parcel of land known as <a href="/wiki/Rancho_T%C3%ADa_Juana" title="Rancho Tía Juana">Rancho Tía Juana</a> and in 1889 was Tijuana officially founded on this parcel when descendants of Argüello and <a href="/wiki/Agustin_Olvera" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustin Olvera">Agustin Olvera</a>, an early <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> pioneer, agreed to develop the city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Ysidro_Border_Station_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/San_Ysidro_Border_Station_1922.jpg/220px-San_Ysidro_Border_Station_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/San_Ysidro_Border_Station_1922.jpg/330px-San_Ysidro_Border_Station_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/San_Ysidro_Border_Station_1922.jpg/440px-San_Ysidro_Border_Station_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>San Ysidro Border Inspection Station in 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>The metropolitan region was historically united as part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</a>. In 1821, Mexico won its independence from the Spanish crown and kept the area under the jurisdiction of Alta California. From the late 1860s Mission lands were granted as <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">ranchos</a> to Californio gentry. These distributions of lands accelerated after the Missions were <a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">secularized in 1833</a>, ending the dominance of the Missions in the economy. <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> became a port of call for <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whalers</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_hide_trade" title="California hide trade">hide traders</a> from the United States. </p><p>The region started depopulating, as settlements in the region began to be raided between 1836 and 1842 by the Kumeyaay resistance, with both <a href="/wiki/Rancho_T%C3%ADa_Juana" title="Rancho Tía Juana">Rancho Tía Juana</a> (1839) and San Diego (~1840 & 1842) raided during that period. </p><p>In 1846, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> began and the United States continued to expand its borders under the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Manifest_Destiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifest Destiny">Manifest Destiny</a>. As the war came to California, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Pasqual" title="Battle of San Pasqual">Battle of San Pasqual</a> was fought in the northern areas of modern-day San Diego. In 1848 the war ended with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mexico_City#Fall_of_Mexico_City" title="Battle for Mexico City">Fall of Mexico City</a> and boundaries were redrawn which created a border between San Diego and Tijuana, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a>. 1919 saw the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a> and the rapid growth of Tijuana tourism. Americans flocked to the city, which had become a major destination for the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> elite, which led to the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Agua_Caliente_Tourist_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Agua Caliente Tourist Complex">Agua Caliente Tourist Complex</a> which in turn spurred the rise of hotels and overall growth in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-BorderFacts_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BorderFacts-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_landscape">Urban landscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Urban landscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>San Diego–Tijuana urbanity stretches along the coastline from the northernmost city of Oceanside to the southernmost city of Rosarito Beach. The urban area of San Diego–Tijuana is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban areas by population">72nd largest</a> in the world and 11th largest in North America, with a population of 5,330,000. </p><p>The highest population densities are located in the San Diego neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/University_City,_San_Diego" title="University City, San Diego">University City</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla, California">La Jolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Mission Valley, San Diego">Mission Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Pacific Beach, San Diego">Pacific Beach</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">downtown San Diego</a> district of the <a href="/wiki/East_Village,_San_Diego" title="East Village, San Diego">East Village</a> among others, and areas of Tijuana. An area of 116 census tracts in the <a href="/wiki/North_County,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="North County, San Diego">North County</a> region of the conurbation has a population of 615,092 and a per capita income of $44,131 which is about 50 percent more than that of California and the entire United States.<sup id="cite_ref-US-CB-B01003-B19025_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US-CB-B01003-B19025-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area contains nearly all of the area located in the cities of Carlsbad, <a href="/wiki/Encinitas,_California" title="Encinitas, California">Encinitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solana_Beach,_California" title="Solana Beach, California">Solana Beach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Del_Mar,_California" title="Del Mar, California">Del Mar</a>. A part of this region are the communities of <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancho Santa Fe">Rancho Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Carmel Valley, San Diego">Carmel Valley</a> and La Jolla which have consistently been among the ranks of some of the richest neighborhoods in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of the urban centers, older regions of San Diego County south of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_River" title="San Diego River">San Diego River</a>, as well as La Jolla and Pacific Beach, are built on a street grid. Suburban growth north of the San Diego river were built as master planned suburban communities on top of mesas with the "city of villages" concept in mind, built around car-dependency. Tijuana's suburban landscape is made up densely packed low-density mixed land uses, with patches of street grids east of the city and more organic growth influenced by topography. Cities like Tecate and Rosarito are built on street grid systems. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanDiego_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SanDiego_panorama.jpg/660px-SanDiego_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="660" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SanDiego_panorama.jpg/990px-SanDiego_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SanDiego_panorama.jpg/1320px-SanDiego_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4161" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">downtown San Diego</a> skyline seen at night. At 2.1 miles (3.4 km) long, the <a href="/wiki/Coronado_Bay_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronado Bay Bridge">Coronado Bay Bridge</a> stands as the longest bridge in the region and Southern California.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tijuana_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tijuana_skyline.jpg/660px-Tijuana_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="660" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tijuana_skyline.jpg/990px-Tijuana_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tijuana_skyline.jpg/1320px-Tijuana_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5045" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption> Tijuana skyline from the Colonia La Cacho</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:358px;max-width:358px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:California_county_map_(San_Diego_County_highlighted).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/California_county_map_%28San_Diego_County_highlighted%29.svg/175px-California_county_map_%28San_Diego_County_highlighted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/California_county_map_%28San_Diego_County_highlighted%29.svg/263px-California_county_map_%28San_Diego_County_highlighted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/California_county_map_%28San_Diego_County_highlighted%29.svg/350px-California_county_map_%28San_Diego_County_highlighted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="733" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baja_California_locator_map_(Rosarito_Beach,_Tecate,_Tijuana_municipalities_highlighted).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Baja_California_locator_map_%28Rosarito_Beach%2C_Tecate%2C_Tijuana_municipalities_highlighted%29.png/175px-Baja_California_locator_map_%28Rosarito_Beach%2C_Tecate%2C_Tijuana_municipalities_highlighted%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Baja_California_locator_map_%28Rosarito_Beach%2C_Tecate%2C_Tijuana_municipalities_highlighted%29.png/263px-Baja_California_locator_map_%28Rosarito_Beach%2C_Tecate%2C_Tijuana_municipalities_highlighted%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Baja_California_locator_map_%28Rosarito_Beach%2C_Tecate%2C_Tijuana_municipalities_highlighted%29.png/350px-Baja_California_locator_map_%28Rosarito_Beach%2C_Tecate%2C_Tijuana_municipalities_highlighted%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3607" data-file-height="3960" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosarito_Beach_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarito Beach Municipality">Rosarito Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality" title="Tecate Municipality">Tecate</a> municipalities</div></div></div></div> <p>The metropolitan region is situated along the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">Pacific coast</a>, on the border between the United States and Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region lies just south of <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a> and west of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial County</a>, and shares borders with <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles area">Greater Los Angeles</a>. The area has a varied topography with over seventy miles of coastline and snow-capped mountains that rise to the northeast, in San Diego County. The terrain includes flood plains, canyons, steep hills, and <a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">mesas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region has its eastern terminus in the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a> regions, where another conurbation – <a href="/wiki/Mexicali%E2%80%93Calexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicali–Calexico">Mexicali–Calexico</a> – is formed. The urbanized area where San Diego and Tijuana meet is known as <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro,_San_Diego" title="San Ysidro, San Diego">San Ysidro</a> on the American side of the border and Colonia Federal/Colonia Libertad on the Mexican side. East from the coast ten miles (16 km), the Tijuanense boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Mesa_de_Otay" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesa de Otay">Mesa de Otay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centenario,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Centenario, Tijuana">Centenario</a> are heavy urbanized whereas the corresponding American area of <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa,_San_Diego" title="Otay Mesa, San Diego">Otay Mesa</a> is composed of primarily dispersed industrial and distribution facilities. At the Pacific Ocean region of the border, the border is urbanized on the Mexican side while the adjacent American side is in <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve">Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve</a>, and thus not urbanized. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve_coastline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve_coastline.jpg/220px-Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve_coastline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve_coastline.jpg/330px-Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve_coastline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve_coastline.jpg/440px-Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve_coastline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption> The <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve">Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, San Diego County has a total area of 4,526 square miles (11,720 km<sup>2</sup>), of that 4,200 square miles (11,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of it is land and 326 square miles (840 km<sup>2</sup>) of it (7.20%) is water. The area of Tijuana Municipality is 339.5 square miles (879 km<sup>2</sup>); the municipality includes part of the <a href="/wiki/Coronado_Islands" title="Coronado Islands">Coronado Islands</a>, located off the coast of the municipality in the Pacific Ocean. This combined area, with the additional areas of Tecate, 1,188.8 square miles (3,079 km<sup>2</sup>), and Rosarito Beach, 198.2 square miles (513 km<sup>2</sup>), place the area of San Diego–Tijuana at 6,252.5 square miles (16,194 km<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>San Diego is by far the most populated county though population density is much higher in the immediate border area adjacent to the south in Baja California than it is in San Diego County. Urban growth is currently developing regions to the east of Tijuana Municipality and south of Rosarito Beach, where developers are building many new residential communities while in San Diego it is observed to the northeast along the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_California" title="Interstate 15 in California">Interstate 15</a> corridor to <a href="/wiki/Temecula,_California" title="Temecula, California">Temecula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murrieta,_California" title="Murrieta, California">Murrieta</a>. </p><p>Greater <a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Baja_California" title="Ensenada, Baja California">Ensenada</a> is more frequently than not considered part of the region given its proximity and inter-connectivity with the metropolitan area. While it is ninety and seventy-four miles (145 and 119 km) from the cities of San Diego and Tijuana respectively, recent developments between the port city and Rosarito Beach including upscale, <a href="/wiki/Americanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Americanized">Americanized</a> subdivisions and resorts such as Punta Azul, <a href="/wiki/Baja_Mar" title="Baja Mar">Baja Mar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_Salina,_Baja_California" title="La Salina, Baja California">La Salina</a> have greatly increased the <a href="/wiki/Urbanity" title="Urbanity">urbanity</a> of the corridor between Rosarito Beach and Ensenada. Transportation infrastructure increasingly binds the region, as the under-construction Ensenada International Airport is expected to serve as the third major airport of the metropolitan region, offering flights to Europe, South America, and East Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JuneGloom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/JuneGloom.jpg/220px-JuneGloom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/JuneGloom.jpg/330px-JuneGloom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/JuneGloom.jpg/440px-JuneGloom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4041" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/June_Gloom" title="June Gloom">June Gloom</a> over the <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></figcaption></figure> <p>San Diego–Tijuana straddles a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">demi-arid climate</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mediterranean climate is characterized by generally warm, dry summers on the near coastal regions with a slight temperature increase westward, and relatively cool, mild, wet winters; this is the climate that dominates northern San Diego–Tijuana. In southern San Diego–Tijuana, the semi-arid climate is observed, though characteristics of the Dry-Summer Subtropical Mediterranean climate are present, with most of the annual precipitation falling in the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalDesign_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalDesign-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a> assist in containing moisture to the coastal areas and create a <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> to the east as they are west-facing mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The climate of the area often varies significantly due to the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimates</a> characterizing the region. San Diego–Tijuana's topography, bays, coastal hills, mountains, canyons and gorges maintain their own climates while being relatively near to each other. During the May gray and <a href="/wiki/June_gloom" class="mw-redirect" title="June gloom">June gloom</a> seasons, a dense cloak of coastal clouds, known as <a href="/wiki/Marine_layer" title="Marine layer">marine layer</a>, covers the coastal areas, keeping the area cool and moist to up to 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. This coastal cloud cover is frequently observed reaching as far inland as <a href="/wiki/Poway,_California" title="Poway, California">Poway</a> and in some cases, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Country_Estates,_California" title="San Diego Country Estates, California">San Diego Country Estates</a>. Yet once outside this cloud, the weather in sharp contrast can be warm and sunny.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, June gloom lasts into July, creating cloudy skies over the coastal regions for entire days.<sup id="cite_ref-weather1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of the regional temperature fluctuations is shown in the varying averages of downtown San Diego, averaging January lows of 50 °F and August highs of 78 °F; <a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a>, just 10 miles (16 km) northeast of downtown San Diego, averaging January lows of 42 °F and August highs of 88 °F; Tijuana, averaging January lows of 45 °F and August highs of 78 °F.<sup id="cite_ref-weather1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-weather_el_cajon_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather_el_cajon-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The differences are even more observed in North County, where coastal <a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a> maintains an average January low of 45 °F and August highs of 73 °F, while inland <a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a> maintains average January lows of 42 °F and August highs of 89 °F.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>San Diego–Tijuana is also subject to <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> weather events. In extreme cases, the overwhelming fall of <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a> creates <a href="/wiki/Mudslide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudslide">mudslides</a> and greatly increases the flow of <a href="/wiki/Urban_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban river">urban rivers</a>. This sudden influx of water has the potential to flood populated places and drown out wetland habitat; measures have been taken to reduce this potential negative affect while simultaneously restoring the rivers and their watersheds to a pristine and natural state.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This regional climate supports a <a href="/wiki/California_chaparral_and_woodlands" title="California chaparral and woodlands">chaparral and woodlands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> that is further divided in three sub-regions where two are observed in San Diego–Tijuana.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are the <a href="/wiki/California_coastal_sage_and_chaparral_ecoregion" class="mw-redirect" title="California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion">coastal sage and chaparral</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_montane_chaparral_and_woodlands" title="California montane chaparral and woodlands">montane chaparral and woodlands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a>. In the montane region, fire serves a unique purpose as a medium of change, and while fire typically can threaten urban development, it is essential for the historically annual cleanse of the woodlands and reproduction of <a href="/wiki/Pyrophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrophytes">pyrophytes</a>. </p><p>Southern <a href="/wiki/Coastal_sage_scrub" title="Coastal sage scrub">coastal sage scrub</a> is further observed on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-WWFCoastal_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWFCoastal-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is an ecoregion with extremely high levels <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> where its <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species are endangered by human encroachment.<sup id="cite_ref-WWFCoastal_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWFCoastal-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_ecoregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial ecoregion">terrestrial ecoregion</a>, the coastal lowlands are within a semi, semi-arid Mediterranean climate, inhabited by low-growing aromatic, and <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>-<a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>. </p><p>In the water, the <a href="/wiki/Intertidal_zone" title="Intertidal zone">Intertidal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelp_forest" title="Kelp forest">kelp forest</a> <a href="/wiki/Biomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomes">biomes</a> dominate the aquatic world; home to an equally diverse set of flora and fauna. The cool nutrient-rich waters of the <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="North Pacific">north Pacific</a> are able to provide kelp forests with millions of <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> – the base of the <a href="/wiki/Kelp_forest#Trophic_ecology" title="Kelp forest">aquatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Food_chain" title="Food chain">food chain</a> – due to an upwelling of water from the deep sea in the stormy, winter months. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve, home to Pinus torreyana torreyana, the sole location worldwide of the subspecies."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg/900px-Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg/1350px-Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg/1800px-Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14314" data-file-height="2987" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Torrey_Pines_State_Reserve_-_November_Sunset_180%C2%B0_Pano.jpg" title="File:Torrey Pines State Reserve - November Sunset 180° Pano.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve">Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/Pinus_torreyana_torreyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus torreyana torreyana">Pinus torreyana torreyana</a>, the sole location worldwide of the subspecies.</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopard_shark_in_kelp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leopard_shark_in_kelp.jpg/220px-Leopard_shark_in_kelp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leopard_shark_in_kelp.jpg/330px-Leopard_shark_in_kelp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Leopard_shark_in_kelp.jpg/440px-Leopard_shark_in_kelp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Leopard_shark" title="Leopard shark">leopard shark</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Chromis_punctipinnis" title="Chromis punctipinnis">blacksmith chromis</a> observed in <a href="/wiki/Kelp_forest" title="Kelp forest">kelp forest</a> habitat at <a href="/wiki/Birch_Aquarium" title="Birch Aquarium">Birch Aquarium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Trees of San Diego–Tijuana included <a href="/wiki/Chamise" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamise">chamise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercus_berberidifolia" title="Quercus berberidifolia">scrub oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manzanita" title="Manzanita">manzanita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Live_oak" title="Live oak">live oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lodgepole_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodgepole pine">lodgepole pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercus_kelloggii" title="Quercus kelloggii">black oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Closed-cone_pine_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed-cone pine forest">closed-cone pine forests</a>. Lowland <a href="/wiki/Shrubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrubs">shrubs</a> included <a href="/wiki/California_sagebrush" class="mw-redirect" title="California sagebrush">California sagebrush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvia_mellifera" title="Salvia mellifera">black sage</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_sage" class="mw-redirect" title="White sage">white sage</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_buckwheat" class="mw-redirect" title="California buckwheat">California buckwheat</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Cacti" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacti">cacti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Succulents" class="mw-redirect" title="Succulents">succulents</a>. </p><p>Terrestrial mammals included the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain lion">mountain lion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">bighorn sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a> as well as a variety of <a href="/wiki/Rodents" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodents">rodents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lagomorphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagomorphs">lagomorphs</a> including the <a href="/wiki/California_ground_squirrel" title="California ground squirrel">California ground squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_kangaroo_rat" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego kangaroo rat">San Diego kangaroo rat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brush_rabbit" title="Brush rabbit">brush rabbit</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">Black bears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguars">jaguars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_otters" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea otters">sea otters</a> historically populated the area, but their range has been restricted by human encroachment and the jaguar and the sea otter are now rarely, if ever, observed. Aquatic mammals included the <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whale</a>, a seasonal migratory animal, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">great white shark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killer_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer whale">killer whale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion</a> and on rare occasion, <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal</a>. In recent times the region has seen the rebound of <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyls" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyls">artiodactyls</a> such as the Peninsular bighorn sheep, a <a href="/wiki/Distinct_population_segment" title="Distinct population segment">distinct population segment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Desert_bighorn_sheep" title="Desert bighorn sheep">desert bighorn sheep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reptiles include <a href="/wiki/Olive_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Olive ridley sea turtle">olive ridley sea turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_fence_lizard" title="Western fence lizard">western fence lizard</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Rattlesnake" title="Rattlesnake">rattlesnake</a> species and species of <a href="/wiki/Blind_snake" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind snake">blind snake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gopher_snake" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopher snake">gopher snake</a>. Amphibians included the <a href="/wiki/Barred_tiger_salamander" title="Barred tiger salamander">barred tiger salamander</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_tree_frog" title="California tree frog">California tree frog</a>. With a mostly arid climate, reptile species outnumber amphibians by a margin of seven to one.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bird species popular to the region are the <a href="/wiki/California_quail" title="California quail">California quail</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condor</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_least_tern" title="California least tern">California least tern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>. Introduced <a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">parrot</a> species such as the <a href="/wiki/Red-crowned_amazon" title="Red-crowned amazon">red-crowned amazon</a> parrot have also been found living and breeding in San Diego County and parts of Tijuana Metro.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The waters off of the coast of San Diego–Tijuana are densely populate by the denizens of the <a href="/wiki/Kelp_forest" title="Kelp forest">kelp forests</a>. Kelp forests are found to a great extent and are populated by <a href="/wiki/Garibaldi_(fish)" title="Garibaldi (fish)">Garibaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard_shark" title="Leopard shark">leopard sharks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gobies" class="mw-redirect" title="Gobies">gobies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rougheye_rockfish" title="Rougheye rockfish">rockfish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sculpins" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculpins">sculpins</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">Great white sharks</a> have been observed in the waters off the coast, while there are numerous documentations of their occurrence in the waters off <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island" title="Guadalupe Island">Guadalupe Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the confines of the forests, ocean-going species such as the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_sunfish" title="Ocean sunfish">Ocean sunfish</a> are observed. </p><p>Environmental research in climate and biodiversity is conducted at the <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography" title="Scripps Institution of Oceanography">Scripps Institution of Oceanography</a> and by the Biodiversity Research Center of the Californias of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Natural_History_Museum" title="San Diego Natural History Museum">San Diego Natural History Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SoCal_Coast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/SoCal_Coast.jpg/220px-SoCal_Coast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/SoCal_Coast.jpg/330px-SoCal_Coast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/SoCal_Coast.jpg/440px-SoCal_Coast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>Mountains and faults within and near San Diego–Tijuana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerro_de_las_abejas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cerro_de_las_abejas.jpg/220px-Cerro_de_las_abejas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cerro_de_las_abejas.jpg/330px-Cerro_de_las_abejas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cerro_de_las_abejas.jpg/440px-Cerro_de_las_abejas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Cerro de Las Abejas.</figcaption></figure> <p>The land on which San Diego–Tijuana sits is due west of a major <a href="/wiki/Transform_fault" title="Transform fault">transform fault</a>. The transform fault, known as the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a> was created during the <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> by the movements of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific plate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_American_plate" title="North American plate">North American plate</a>. The region experiences earthquakes and felt the shocks of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Gulf_of_California_earthquake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Gulf of California earthquake (page does not exist)">2009 Gulf of California earthquake</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_Baja_California_earthquake" title="2010 Baja California earthquake">2010 Baja California earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main mountain ranges of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a> ridging eastern San Diego–Tijuana is <a href="/wiki/Palomar_Mountain" title="Palomar Mountain">Palomar Mountain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Mountains" title="Laguna Mountains">Laguna Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Sierra de Juárez">Sierra de Juárez</a>, and the peaks of the Cuyamacas including <a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca_Peak" title="Cuyamaca Peak">Cuyamaca Peak</a>. The highest points are located in the Lagunas at 6,378 feet (1,944 m) and in the Cuyumacas at 6,512 feet (1,985 m) while the highest is the peak of <a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs_Mountain" title="Hot Springs Mountain">Hot Springs Mountain</a> at 6,535 feet (1,992 m).<sup id="cite_ref-ngs_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngs-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pb_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pb-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mountain ranges constitute part of the <a href="/wiki/Salinian_Block" title="Salinian Block">Salinian Block</a>, a largely <a href="/wiki/Granitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Granitic">granitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Terrane" title="Terrane">terrane</a> dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> era and thus explaining the abundance of such stone throughout the region. Once part of the North American Plate, the Salinian block broke off due to the formation of the San Andreas Fault and rift resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a> and its extension of the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Trough" title="Salton Trough">Salton Trough</a>. </p><p>The faults nearest the urban area are the <a href="/wiki/Elsinore_Fault_Zone" title="Elsinore Fault Zone">Elsinore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Salada_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Salada fault">Laguna Salada faults</a>, both secondary to the San Andreas fault. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_coastal_water_bodies">Major coastal water bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major coastal water bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is set with many natural coastal <a href="/wiki/Harbors" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbors">harbors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inlets" class="mw-redirect" title="Inlets">inlets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagoons">lagoons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bays" class="mw-redirect" title="Bays">bays</a>. These included the major water bodies known as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Lagoon" title="Buena Vista Lagoon">Buena Vista Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Hedionda_Lagoon" title="Agua Hedionda Lagoon">Agua Hedionda Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiquitos_Lagoon" title="Batiquitos Lagoon">Batiquitos Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Elijo_Lagoon" title="San Elijo Lagoon">San Elijo Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay_(San_Diego)" title="Mission Bay (San Diego)">Mission Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River_Estuary" title="Tijuana River Estuary">Tijuana River Estuary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Populace">Populace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Populace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>3,245,397</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>4,129,433</td><td></td><td>27.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>5,105,769</td><td></td><td>23.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">historical data source:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The populace of the San Diego–Tijuana is <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a> in that many cultures and ethnic groups are present. A large transitory population exists due to Tijuana's border proximity to the United States. This location draws many <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Argentines" title="Argentines">Argentines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cubans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemalans" title="Guatemalans">Guatemalans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andean" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean">Andean</a> nationalities, as well as Chinese, <a href="/wiki/Korean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean people">Korean</a>, and Japanese people; <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a>, French, Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a> also reside in the region. With a population of approximately five million people, the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area accounts for 40% of the United States – Mexico border population.<sup id="cite_ref-Pacific_border_regions_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacific_border_regions-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metropolitan area experiences the largest rates of growth in an urban area that stretches from Los Angeles to Tijuana.<sup id="cite_ref-Pacific_border_regions_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacific_border_regions-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An analysis of age groups in the region found a relatively older population lives on the San Diegan side of the border while a relatively younger population the Tijuana side.<sup id="cite_ref-Pacific_border_regions_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacific_border_regions-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tijuana region also maintains a population largely composed of people born outside of Baja California.<sup id="cite_ref-Pacific_border_regions_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacific_border_regions-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tijuana_vista_Link.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tijuana_vista_Link.jpg/163px-Tijuana_vista_Link.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tijuana_vista_Link.jpg/245px-Tijuana_vista_Link.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tijuana_vista_Link.jpg/326px-Tijuana_vista_Link.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tijuana, the largest city in the region</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_Skyline_from_Balboa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/San_Diego_Skyline_from_Balboa.jpg/163px-San_Diego_Skyline_from_Balboa.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/San_Diego_Skyline_from_Balboa.jpg/245px-San_Diego_Skyline_from_Balboa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/San_Diego_Skyline_from_Balboa.jpg/326px-San_Diego_Skyline_from_Balboa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">San Diego from <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a>, the second largest city in the region</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChulaVista_Bayfront.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ChulaVista_Bayfront.jpg/163px-ChulaVista_Bayfront.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ChulaVista_Bayfront.jpg/245px-ChulaVista_Bayfront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ChulaVista_Bayfront.jpg/326px-ChulaVista_Bayfront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista_Bayfront" title="Chula Vista Bayfront">Chula Vista Bayfront</a> of Chula Vista, 3rd largest city in the region</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceansidepier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Oceansidepier.jpg/163px-Oceansidepier.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Oceansidepier.jpg/245px-Oceansidepier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Oceansidepier.jpg/326px-Oceansidepier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Oceanside_Pier" title="Oceanside Pier">Oceanside Pier</a> of Oceanside, 4th largest city in the region</div></div></div></div></div> <dl><dt>San Diego & Tijuana</dt></dl> <p>San Diego is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&params=32_42_N_117_09_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">117°09′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.700°N 117.150°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.700; -117.150</span></span></span></a></span></span>, just north of Tijuana. The city is divided into eight districts by the municipal government of the City of San Diego in accordance with policing and community service areas.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city lies south of <a href="/wiki/North_County,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="North County, San Diego">North County</a>, and west of <a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County</a>, while also being north of parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay</a>. Though the city boundaries grace Tijuana's, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">Centre City</a> lies approximately 18 miles (29 km) north of Tijuana. San Diego has deep canyons separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural parkland scattered throughout the city. This makes San Diego a hilly city. The <a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Loma">Point Loma</a> peninsulas separate San Diego Bay from the ocean. </p><p>Tijuana is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&params=32_31_N_117_01_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°31′N</span> <span class="longitude">117°01′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.517°N 117.017°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.517; -117.017</span></span></span></a></span></span>, just south of San Diego. The city is divided into <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Boroughs of Tijuana">nine administrative boroughs</a>, which are in turn divided into <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Mexico)" title="Colonia (Mexico)">neighborhoods</a>. These boroughs offer administrative services such as <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil registry">civil registry</a>, inspection, verification, <a href="/wiki/Public_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Public work">public works</a> and community development, served by a delegate. As Tijuana ranks higher in the Mexican <a href="/wiki/Urban_hierarchy" title="Urban hierarchy">urban hierarchy</a> than San Diego does in the American urban hierarchy, Tijuana contains many <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">foreign consulates</a> including those of China, Korea, Finland, the United States, Germany, Spain, Honduras, France, Austria, Gambia, the United Kingdom, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Israel, Canada, and the Czech Republic. Tijuana does not receive competition from a larger urban center as San Diego does from Los Angeles. However, with <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> growing rapidly, a possible canal project planned and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Border" title="Silicon Border">Silicon Border</a> development under way, Tijuana will soon face similar competition. </p><p><small>Population figures for California cities are from 2010 U.S. Census data.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Population figures for Baja California cities are from 2010 INEG census data.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </p> <dl><dt>Major cities – 100,000+ inhabitants</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></b> – 1,810,645</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></b> – 1,386,932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a> – 275,487</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a> – 174,068</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a> – 151,038</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_California" title="Carlsbad, California">Carlsbad</a> – 114,746</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cajon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Cajon">El Cajon</a> – 106,215</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Other cities – 40,000+ inhabitants</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vista,_California" title="Vista, California">Vista</a> – 98,381</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_California" title="San Marcos, California">San Marcos</a> – 94,833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rosarito_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarito Beach">Rosarito Beach</a></b> – 90,022</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tecate" title="Tecate">Tecate</a></b> – 64,764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Encinitas">Encinitas</a> – 62,007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa,_California" title="La Mesa, California">La Mesa</a> – 61,121</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santee,_California" title="Santee, California">Santee</a> – 60,037</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City</a> – 56,173</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway" class="mw-redirect" title="Poway">Poway</a> – 48,481</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Cities with under 40,000 inhabitants</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Refugio,_Baja_California" title="El Refugio, Baja California">El Refugio</a> – 36,400</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_F%C3%A9,_Baja_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Fé, Baja California (page does not exist)">Santa Fé</a> – 34,234</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuero_de_Venados,_Baja_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuero de Venados, Baja California (page does not exist)">Cuero de Venados</a> – 27,789</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Grove,_California" title="Lemon Grove, California">Lemon Grove</a> – 27,627</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Beach,_California" title="Imperial Beach, California">Imperial Beach</a> – 26,137</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Joya,_Baja_California" title="La Joya, Baja California">La Joya</a> – 22,126</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrazas_del_Valle,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrazas del Valle, Baja California">Terrazas del Valle</a> – 20,421</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado</a> – 20,192</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Campo,_Baja_California" title="Villa del Campo, Baja California">Villa del Campo</a> – 13,906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solana_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Solana Beach">Solana Beach</a> – 12,941</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Mar,_California" title="Del Mar, California">Del Mar</a> – 4,161</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico_–_United_States_border"><span id="Mexico_.E2.80.93_United_States_border"></span>Mexico – United States border</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mexico – United States border"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mexico_%E2%80%93_United_States_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico – United States border">Mexico – United States border</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4.3LasPlayasSunset1_copy_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/4.3LasPlayasSunset1_copy_1.jpg/169px-4.3LasPlayasSunset1_copy_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/4.3LasPlayasSunset1_copy_1.jpg/254px-4.3LasPlayasSunset1_copy_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/4.3LasPlayasSunset1_copy_1.jpg/338px-4.3LasPlayasSunset1_copy_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1215" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Beach at <a href="/wiki/Border_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Border State Park">Border State Park</a>; San Diego is on the right while Tijuana is on the left.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Border_USA_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Border_USA_Mexico.jpg/165px-Border_USA_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Border_USA_Mexico.jpg/248px-Border_USA_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Border_USA_Mexico.jpg/330px-Border_USA_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2475" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico–United States barrier">Border fence</a> between <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> (right) and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>'s border patrol offices (left)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry.jpg/125px-Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry.jpg/188px-Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry.jpg/250px-Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa Port of Entry">Otay Mesa Port of Entry</a> pedestrian facility</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:211px;max-width:211px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tijuana_border_San_Diego.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tijuana_border_San_Diego.jpg/209px-Tijuana_border_San_Diego.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tijuana_border_San_Diego.jpg/314px-Tijuana_border_San_Diego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tijuana_border_San_Diego.jpg/418px-Tijuana_border_San_Diego.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">US-Mexico border crossing from the American side.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The international border between the United States and Mexico runs from San Diego–Tijuana eastward towards the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>. The Pacific Ocean terminus of the border was defined as a line passing from the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila</a> rivers (now the southeastern corner of the U.S. State of California) to the Pacific Ocean such that it would pass one Spanish league south of the southern end of San Diego Bay. This ensured that the United States received the natural harbor at San Diego. </p><p>There are three existing border crossings in San Diego–Tijuana, with two more planned. <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro</a>/<a href="/wiki/El_Chaparral" title="El Chaparral">El Chaparral</a> is the busiest <a href="/wiki/Border_checkpoint" title="Border checkpoint">border crossing</a> in the world;<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 alone, more than 77.2 million people entered the U.S. through this port.<sup id="cite_ref-transtats_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transtats-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are maximum 30 vehicle border crossing lanes at the San Ysidro Port of Entry into the United States and 6 or 8 lanes into Mexico from San Ysidro.<sup id="cite_ref-bordertimes_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordertimes-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The San Diego/Tijuana border is also a major point of entry for <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">trafficking</a>, where 50 brothels of trafficked Mexican girls exist in San Diego County.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of cross-border trips into the United States are those made by <a href="/wiki/Commuters" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuters">commuters</a> into the Greater San Diego area and <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> as a whole. There is a thriving reverse traffic for entertainment in Tijuana and affordable <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">goods and services</a>. </p><p>The San Ysidro port of entry is the main border crossing for non-commercial traffic. Crossing times are notoriously slow at San Ysidro, particularly for those entering the U.S. in cars.<sup id="cite_ref-bordertimes_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordertimes-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given delays frequently experienced upon entry to Mexico, many cross-border travelers choose to cross on foot.<sup id="cite_ref-bordertimes_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordertimes-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infrastructure on both sides of the border delivers travelers and commuters to border crossings via respective <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation">public transportation</a> systems of which includes the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley" title="San Diego Trolley">San Diego Trolley</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Line_(San_Diego_Trolley)" title="Blue Line (San Diego Trolley)">Blue Line</a> that runs from downtown San Diego to the border crossing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leading industries in San Diego–Tijuana are trade, services, electronics, tourism, life sciences, high-tech and defense sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-SD-TJ_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-TJ-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002 San Diego and Tijuana had a <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">gross regional product</a> of $136.3 Billion;<sup id="cite_ref-SD-TJ_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-TJ-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2007 this figure increased to $176 Billion.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greater San Diego area has a <a href="/wiki/Knowledge-based_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Knowledge-based economy">knowledge-based economy</a> that is only growing; Tijuana's sub-metropolitan region is reliant on a diversified manufacturing sector.<sup id="cite_ref-SD_Dialogue_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD_Dialogue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leading private employers to the metropolitan region are <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_Applications_International_Corporation" title="Science Applications International Corporation">SAIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sempra_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sempra Energy">Sempra Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfizer#Research_and_development" title="Pfizer">Pfizer Global Research & Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callaway_Golf" class="mw-redirect" title="Callaway Golf">Callaway Golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharp_HealthCare" title="Sharp HealthCare">Sharp HealthCare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Health" title="Scripps Health">Scripps Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Corporation">Panasonic Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxell" title="Maxell">Maxell</a>, Douglas Furniture, and <a href="/wiki/International_Rectifier" title="International Rectifier">International Rectifier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SD-TJ_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-TJ-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities classification</a>, San Diego was rated as Beta - level global city up from Gamma level, while Tijuana was rated as a high sufficiency city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maritime">Maritime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Maritime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy of the urban area is influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">Port of San Diego</a> which gives the region a strong maritime sector; the conurbation is the location of the only major submarine and shipbuilding yards on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> and of the largest <a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">naval fleet</a> in the world. The cruise ship industry, which is the second largest in the California-Baja California region, generates an estimated $2 million annually from the purchase of food, fuel, supplies, and maintenance services.<sup id="cite_ref-port_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-port-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In California alone, the port is the fastest-growing port in terms of cruise ship dockings and the second largest behind the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Port of Los Angeles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-port_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-port-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zonaindstij.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Zonaindstij.jpg/220px-Zonaindstij.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Zonaindstij.jpg/330px-Zonaindstij.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Zonaindstij.jpg/440px-Zonaindstij.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>An industrial park in Tijuana's outskirts</figcaption></figure> <p>Manufacturing accounts for a large part of the regional economy more-so observed in Tijuana.<sup id="cite_ref-SD_Dialogue_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD_Dialogue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focus of manufacturing in the region is on <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">soft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_hardware" title="Electronic hardware">hard</a> technological products.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In metropolitan Tijuana, manufacturing has historically allotted for a large sector of the economy<sup id="cite_ref-TeamNAFTA_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeamNAFTA-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and San Diego County's economy has increasingly focused on manufacturing which 2002 allotted for $25 billion of the county's economic income.<sup id="cite_ref-CD_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CD-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2000s decade saw Tijuana overtake the <a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Cities">Twin Cities</a> as <a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">medical device</a> manufacture capital of North America.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amount of diverse and numerous manufacture companies in the area have made the metropolitan region one of the world's largest concentrated manufacturing areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tech">Tech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qualcomm_Headquarters_La_Jolla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Qualcomm_Headquarters_La_Jolla.jpg/220px-Qualcomm_Headquarters_La_Jolla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Qualcomm_Headquarters_La_Jolla.jpg/330px-Qualcomm_Headquarters_La_Jolla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Qualcomm_Headquarters_La_Jolla.jpg/440px-Qualcomm_Headquarters_La_Jolla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4036" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> Corporate Headquarters</figcaption></figure> <p>San Diego–Tijuana is ground zero for a transborder tech sector.<sup id="cite_ref-Tech_thriving_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tech_thriving-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Engineers and entrepreneurs in the entirety of the border region are fueling the growth of this economic industry in which a symbiotic relationship exists between think-tanks in the north and manufacturing heads in the south that creates a healthy environment for startup companies.<sup id="cite_ref-Tech_thriving_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tech_thriving-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Diego alone was rated by Forbes in 2014 as one of the best places to start a tech company.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several areas of San Diego are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies. Among <a href="/wiki/Table_of_United_States_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas">American metropolitan areas</a>, metropolitan San Diego is the third largest concentrated area of high technology and biotechnology businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-CD_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CD-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> and other research institutions helped fuel biotechnology growth. In June 2004, San Diego was ranked the top biotech cluster in the U.S. by the <a href="/wiki/Milken_Institute" title="Milken Institute">Milken Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Diego is home to companies that develop wireless cellular technology. <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualcomm Incorporated">Qualcomm Incorporated</a> was founded and is headquartered in San Diego; Qualcomm is the largest private-sector technology employer (excluding hospitals) in San Diego County.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to San Diego's military influence, major national defense contractors, such as <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics" title="General Atomics">General Atomics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_Applications_International_Corporation" title="Science Applications International Corporation">Science Applications International Corporation</a> (SAIC), are or have been headquartered in San Diego. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_business_districts">Major business districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Major business districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Business districts include the <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_San_Diego" title="Columbia, San Diego">Columbia</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">downtown San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Tijuana" title="Downtown Tijuana">downtown Tijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Bernardo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancho Bernardo">Rancho Bernardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Carmel Valley, San Diego">Carmel Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Mission Valley, San Diego">Mission Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorrento_Mesa,_San_Diego" title="Sorrento Mesa, San Diego">Sorrento Mesa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_City,_San_Diego" title="University City, San Diego">University City</a> neighborhoods of San Diego. Notability among business districts extends to Rancho Bernardo, the site of <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> US corporate headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-Sony_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sony-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Business districts within San Diego–Tijuana</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_Skyline_at_Dawn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centre City, San Diego's central business district"><img alt="Centre City, San Diego's central business district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/San_Diego_Skyline_at_Dawn.jpg/200px-San_Diego_Skyline_at_Dawn.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/San_Diego_Skyline_at_Dawn.jpg/300px-San_Diego_Skyline_at_Dawn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/San_Diego_Skyline_at_Dawn.jpg/400px-San_Diego_Skyline_at_Dawn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4392" data-file-height="2928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Centre City, San Diego's central business district</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Río Zone, Tijuana's central business district"><img alt="Río Zone, Tijuana's central business district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg/200px-Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg/300px-Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg/400px-Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Río Zone">Río Zone</a>, Tijuana's central business district</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lajollafromabove.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Village of La Jolla, the La Jolla business district"><img alt="Village of La Jolla, the La Jolla business district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lajollafromabove.jpg/200px-Lajollafromabove.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lajollafromabove.jpg/300px-Lajollafromabove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lajollafromabove.jpg/400px-Lajollafromabove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Village_of_La_Jolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Village of La Jolla">Village of La Jolla</a>, the La Jolla business district</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UniversityCity2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University City, a North County business district"><img alt="University City, a North County business district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UniversityCity2.jpg/200px-UniversityCity2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UniversityCity2.jpg/300px-UniversityCity2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/UniversityCity2.jpg/400px-UniversityCity2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="849" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_City,_San_Diego" title="University City, San Diego">University City</a>, a North County business district</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shamu_with_trainer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shamu_with_trainer.jpg/149px-Shamu_with_trainer.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shamu_with_trainer.jpg/224px-Shamu_with_trainer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shamu_with_trainer.jpg/298px-Shamu_with_trainer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/List_of_captive_orcas#Kasatka" title="List of captive orcas">Kasatka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shamu_(SeaWorld_show)" title="Shamu (SeaWorld show)">Shamu</a>) performing at <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:92px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Beach,_San_Diego.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pacific_Beach%2C_San_Diego.jpg/185px-Pacific_Beach%2C_San_Diego.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pacific_Beach%2C_San_Diego.jpg/278px-Pacific_Beach%2C_San_Diego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pacific_Beach%2C_San_Diego.jpg/370px-Pacific_Beach%2C_San_Diego.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2585" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Pacific Beach, San Diego">Pacific Beach</a>, a popular destination for beachgoers</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro_cultural_tijuana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centro_cultural_tijuana.jpg/167px-Centro_cultural_tijuana.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centro_cultural_tijuana.jpg/251px-Centro_cultural_tijuana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Centro_cultural_tijuana.jpg/334px-Centro_cultural_tijuana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cultural_Center" title="Tijuana Cultural Center">Tijuana's Cultural Center's</a> OMNIMAX theater.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Revolucion_street,_Tijuana_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Revolucion_street%2C_Tijuana_-_panoramio.jpg/167px-Revolucion_street%2C_Tijuana_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Revolucion_street%2C_Tijuana_-_panoramio.jpg/251px-Revolucion_street%2C_Tijuana_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Revolucion_street%2C_Tijuana_-_panoramio.jpg/334px-Revolucion_street%2C_Tijuana_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n" title="Avenida Revolución">Avenida Revolución</a>, one of Tijuana's prime entertainment districts. A</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Tourism is a major industry of the region, owing much to the area's mild <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>. Tijuana alone is the most visited city in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, second only to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tijuana_River_Pollution_Video_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tijuana_River_Pollution_Video-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 50,000,000 people visit the city each year and about 300,000 visitors cross by foot or car from the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro,_San_Diego" title="San Ysidro, San Diego">San Ysidro</a> point of entry to Tijuana every day.<sup id="cite_ref-Tijuana_River_Pollution_Video_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tijuana_River_Pollution_Video-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo_Safari_Park" title="San Diego Zoo Safari Park">San Diego Zoo Safari Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legoland_California_Resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Legoland California Resort">Legoland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_San_Diego_County" title="List of beaches in San Diego County">city's beaches</a>, and golf tournaments hosted in the region such as the <a href="/wiki/Farmers_Insurance_Open" title="Farmers Insurance Open">Farmers Insurance Open</a> are just some of the major tourist destinations in the conurbation. Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Drinking_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinking age">drinking age</a> of 18 and <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Mexico" title="Prostitution in Mexico">legal and regulated prostitution</a> make Tijuana a common weekend destination for many young Southern Californians and <a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">sex tourists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HK-bar-Tijuana-2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/HK-bar-Tijuana-2018.jpg/150px-HK-bar-Tijuana-2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/HK-bar-Tijuana-2018.jpg/225px-HK-bar-Tijuana-2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/HK-bar-Tijuana-2018.jpg/300px-HK-bar-Tijuana-2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_(2650881959).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%282650881959%29.jpg/134px-Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%282650881959%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%282650881959%29.jpg/201px-Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%282650881959%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%282650881959%29.jpg/268px-Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n_%282650881959%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Tijuana is a destination for <a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">sex tourism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">gentlemen's club</a> (left) and the <a href="/wiki/Dr._Simi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Simi">Dr. Simi</a> mascot in front of a medical clinic (right).</div></div></div></div> <p>Popular attractions in the region include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Place_San_Diego" title="Sesame Place San Diego">Sesame Place San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_Revoluci%C3%B3n" title="Avenida Revolución">Avenida Revolución</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Belmont Park (San Diego)">Belmont Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Aquarium" title="Birch Aquarium">Birch Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Christ of the Sacred Heart"><i>Christ of the Sacred Heart</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_del_Coronado" title="Hotel del Coronado">Hotel del Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legoland_California" title="Legoland California">Legoland California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legoland_California" title="Legoland California">Legoland Water Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo_Safari_Park" title="San Diego Zoo Safari Park">San Diego Zoo Safari Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cultural_Center" title="Tijuana Cultural Center">Tijuana Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_Norte,_Tijuana" title="Zona Norte, Tijuana">Zona Norte</a></li></ul> <p>Many large <a href="/wiki/Luxury_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury hotel">luxury hotels</a> line <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> and the coast of <a href="/wiki/Playas_de_Tijuana" title="Playas de Tijuana">Playas de Tijuana</a>. The bay and its marinas are surrounded by more than <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_San_Diego" title="List of tallest buildings in San Diego">fifteen hotels</a> while historic buildings such as <a href="/wiki/Hotel_del_Coronado" title="Hotel del Coronado">Hotel del Coronado</a> and Rosarito Beach Hotel lie on the Coronado peninsula and Rosarito coast. In Playas, <a href="/wiki/Baja_Mar" title="Baja Mar">Baja Mar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baja_Malibu" title="Baja Malibu">Baja Malibu</a>, several luxury hotels and condominiums can be found lining the coast in customary <a href="/wiki/Beach_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach resort">beach resort</a> fashion, including Park Towers and AQUA condominiums.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-border_Trade_&_NAFTA"><span id="Cross-border_Trade_.26_NAFTA"></span>Cross-border Trade & NAFTA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cross-border Trade & NAFTA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> has a great influence on transborder trade in the San Diego–Tijuana economy. Of all the goods exchanged to the north 20% transported are destined for San Diego, 60% are destined for other California counties, and the remaining 20% are destined to other American states.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_SD-TJ_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_SD-TJ-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metropolitan economy has become increasingly integrated as the NAFTA process has reduced trade and investment barriers which facilitates the trade and extensive sales services via cross-border exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Diego–Tijuana is a critical commercial link to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-SD_Dialogue_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD_Dialogue-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TeamNAFTA_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeamNAFTA-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Tijuana, companies that have established assembly plants in industrial parks referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Maquiladora" title="Maquiladora">maquiladoras</a></i> include <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a>, Matsushita/<a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nabisco" title="Nabisco">Nabisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantronics" title="Plantronics">Plantronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pall_Corporation" title="Pall Corporation">Pall Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tara_Labs" title="Tara Labs">Tara Labs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a>, while San Diego supports the expansion of its own industrial parks in Otay Mesa.<sup id="cite_ref-TeamNAFTA_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeamNAFTA-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally some of these companies, such as Samsung, source the development of items locally.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even prior to the implementation of NAFTA, Tijuana was home to many businesses selling products and services at a lower rate than in the United States. Today businesses such as <a href="/wiki/Auto_detailing" title="Auto detailing">auto detailing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical service">medical services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a> are heavily marketed and located near Tijuana's border with San Diego. In addition, there are <a href="/wiki/High-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">high-tech</a> firms and <a href="/wiki/Telemarketing" title="Telemarketing">telemarketing</a> companies, including <a href="/wiki/Medtronic_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Medtronic Inc.">Medtronic Inc.</a>, in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-high-techfirms_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-high-techfirms-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influx of companies is drawing skilled people from the United States with technical trades and college degrees to Tijuana transforming the city economy into a knowledge-based one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="Transportation in San Diego–Tijuana">Transportation in San Diego–Tijuana</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Public transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation in San Diego County">Public transportation in San Diego County</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SD_Trolley_Green_Line_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/SD_Trolley_Green_Line_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-SD_Trolley_Green_Line_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/SD_Trolley_Green_Line_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-SD_Trolley_Green_Line_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/SD_Trolley_Green_Line_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley" title="San Diego Trolley">San Diego Trolley</a></figcaption></figure> <p>San Diego's primary light rail network is the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley" title="San Diego Trolley">San Diego Trolley</a>, operated by the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Metropolitan_Transit_System" title="San Diego Metropolitan Transit System">San Diego Metropolitan Transit System</a>. The trolley system consist of five lines: the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Line_(San_Diego_Trolley)" title="Blue Line (San Diego Trolley)">Blue Line</a> which runs from <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Transit_Center" title="San Ysidro Transit Center">San Ysidro Transit Center</a> just north of the border to <a href="/wiki/UTC_Transit_Center" title="UTC Transit Center">UTC Transit Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(San_Diego_Trolley)" title="Orange Line (San Diego Trolley)">Orange Line</a> which runs from <a href="/wiki/Courthouse_station_(San_Diego_Trolley)" title="Courthouse station (San Diego Trolley)">Courthouse station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Santee_station" title="Santee station">Santee station</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(San_Diego_Trolley)" title="Green Line (San Diego Trolley)">Green Line</a> which runs from <a href="/wiki/12th_%26_Imperial_Transit_Center" title="12th & Imperial Transit Center">12th & Imperial Transit Center</a> to Santee station through <a href="/wiki/Mission_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Mission Valley, San Diego">Mission Valley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Copper_Line_(San_Diego_Trolley)" title="Copper Line (San Diego Trolley)">Copper Line</a> which connects <a href="/wiki/El_Cajon_Transit_Center" title="El Cajon Transit Center">El Cajon Transit Center</a> and Santee station, and the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Line_(San_Diego_Trolley)" title="Silver Line (San Diego Trolley)">Silver Line</a> which is a heritage streetcar line that runs in a loop in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">downtown San Diego</a>. </p><p>San Diego is served by the <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Surfliner" title="Pacific Surfliner">Pacific Surfliner</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> inter-city rail which terminates at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Depot_(San_Diego)" title="Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)">Santa Fe Depot</a> in downtown San Diego. San Diego is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Coaster_(rail_service)" title="Coaster (rail service)">COASTER</a>, a commuter rail service that runs from downtown San Diego to Oceanside, operated by the <a href="/wiki/North_County_Transit_District" title="North County Transit District">North County Transit District</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Oceanside_Transit_Center" title="Oceanside Transit Center">Oceanside Transit Center</a>, riders can either take the <a href="/wiki/Sprinter_(rail_service)" title="Sprinter (rail service)">SPRINTER</a> hybrid rail to Escondido, <a href="/wiki/Metrolink_(California)" title="Metrolink (California)">Metrolink</a> <a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Line" title="Orange County Line">Orange County Line</a> to downtown Los Angeles, or the Metrolink <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Line" title="San Bernardino Line">San Bernardino Line</a> to <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a>. </p><p>Plenty of free parking is available at <a href="/wiki/Stadium_station_(San_Diego)" title="Stadium station (San Diego)">Stadium station</a> on days when <a href="/wiki/Snapdragon_Stadium" title="Snapdragon Stadium">Snapdragon Stadium</a> is not hosting events, as well as several other stations throughout the system that have <a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">park and rides</a>. All trolley stations also provide connection points to MTS bus services, as MTS has designed the trolley to be the backbone of the local public transit system. </p><p>In Tijuana there is currently no public rail system, although, there is a system of buses that operate in the area. However, it was reported by <i><a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a></i> that San Diego officials desired that the <a href="/wiki/California_High-Speed_Rail" title="California High-Speed Rail">California High-Speed Rail</a> be extended to Tijuana and <a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay</a> in order to capitalize on the potential economic benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, there have been plans to extend the Blue Line into Tijuana proper.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_highways">Major highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Major highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabrillo_Freeway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cabrillo_Freeway.jpg/200px-Cabrillo_Freeway.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cabrillo_Freeway.jpg/300px-Cabrillo_Freeway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cabrillo_Freeway.jpg/400px-Cabrillo_Freeway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabrillo Freeway">Cabrillo Freeway</a> (SR 163) leading into Downtown San Diego</figcaption></figure> <p>San Diego–Tijuana is at the junction of major interstates, state routes and federal highways. The region is at the terminus of ten major <a href="/wiki/Interstate" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate">Interstates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway" title="Mexican Federal Highway">Federal Highways</a>. Radiating to the east and south are connections to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Valley (California)">Imperial Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicali Valley">Mexicali Valley</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Sun_Corridor" title="Arizona Sun Corridor">Arizona Sun Corridor</a> via <a href="/wiki/Interstate_8" title="Interstate 8">Interstate 8</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Empire (California)">Inland Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas metropolitan area">Las Vegas metropolitan area</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> via <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15" title="Interstate 15">Interstate 15</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to the Greater Ensenada area via <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_1D" title="Mexican Federal Highway 1D">Federal Highway 1D</a>. To the north and west the area is connected to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Cascadia</a> via <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5" title="Interstate 5">Interstate 5</a>. Interstate 5 and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_1" title="Mexican Federal Highway 1">Federal Highway 1</a> are critical highways for commercial and international trade due to their junction at the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro Port of Entry</a>, linking major industrial regions along the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Coast" title="British Columbia Coast">British Columbia Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast of the United States</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_Coast_(Baja_California)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gold Coast (Baja California) (page does not exist)">Gold Coast</a> of Baja California at the busiest port of entry in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metropolitan area is linked by <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_2" title="Mexican Federal Highway 2">Federal Highway 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_111" title="California State Route 111">State Route 111</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> cities.<sup id="cite_ref-GMaps_I-8_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMaps_I-8-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the metropolitan region, there are many transportation routes via <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highway</a>. These included <a href="/wiki/Interstate_805" title="Interstate 805">Interstate 805</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> to <a href="/wiki/Del_Mar,_California" title="Del Mar, California">Del Mar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GMaps_I-805_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMaps_I-805-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many highways have a terminus in South Bay and run north and west towards other agglomerations such as the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Empire (California)">Inland Empire</a> and Los Angeles metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-gmaps_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmaps-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State Routes that link to these urban areas include <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_79" title="California State Route 79">State Route 79</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_78" title="California State Route 78">State Route 78</a>. San Diego–Tijuana is linked to Ensenada by various ways as well; including <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_3" title="Mexican Federal Highway 3">Federal Highway 3</a>, Federal Highway 1 and Federal Highway 1D, running from the border cities of Tijuana and <a href="/wiki/Tecate,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecate, Baja California">Tecate</a> to the <i>Cinderella of the Pacific</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gmapsensenada_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmapsensenada-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tijuana,_Baja_California_(21285070341).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tijuana%2C_Baja_California_%2821285070341%29.jpg/177px-Tijuana%2C_Baja_California_%2821285070341%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tijuana%2C_Baja_California_%2821285070341%29.jpg/266px-Tijuana%2C_Baja_California_%2821285070341%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tijuana%2C_Baja_California_%2821285070341%29.jpg/354px-Tijuana%2C_Baja_California_%2821285070341%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A Federal Highway in Tijuana's North</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carretera_Esc%C3%A9nica_Tijuana-Ensenada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Carretera_Esc%C3%A9nica_Tijuana-Ensenada.jpg/157px-Carretera_Esc%C3%A9nica_Tijuana-Ensenada.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Carretera_Esc%C3%A9nica_Tijuana-Ensenada.jpg/236px-Carretera_Esc%C3%A9nica_Tijuana-Ensenada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Carretera_Esc%C3%A9nica_Tijuana-Ensenada.jpg/314px-Carretera_Esc%C3%A9nica_Tijuana-Ensenada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Highway that connects Tijuana and Ensenada, locally known as "La Escénica"</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In addition to the extensive highway system, the cities and regions within San Diego–Tijuana are interconnected by many <a href="/wiki/State_route" class="mw-redirect" title="State route">state routes</a> as well. <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_52" title="California State Route 52">State Route 52</a> connects communities in northern San Diego, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_905" title="California State Route 905">State Route 905</a> connects the Otay Mesa Port of Entry with South Bay cities, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_125" title="California State Route 125">State Route 125</a> connects South Bay with <a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_94" title="California State Route 94">State Route 94</a> connects South Bay with the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_78" title="California State Route 78">State Route 78</a> connects North County Coastal with North County Inland, as well as to the mountain communities of the San Diego County Peninsular Ranges. </p><p>San Diego has a major network of roads, predominantly free Highways with several toll roads, and Interstates. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 5 (California)">Interstate 5</a> runs south from the Canadian-border city of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> and terminates at the San Ysidro International border where it becomes Federal Highway 1. Another major freeway is Interstate 8 that runs west from the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Sun_Corridor" title="Arizona Sun Corridor">Arizona Sun Corridor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande,_Arizona" title="Casa Grande, Arizona">Casa Grande, Arizona</a>, and terminates at <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Ocean Beach, San Diego">Ocean Beach</a> in San Diego. The roadway system in <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> is very low end compared to the quality of streets in the United States. The majority of the roads are in desperate need of repair with many newly constructed off ramps being set up in an impractical method often requiring sharp and hard turns. When it comes to long-distance travel through <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>, many people use the toll roads that are well maintained and are at a standard comparable to that of U.S. roads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_002.jpg/202px-Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_002.jpg/303px-Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_002.jpg/404px-Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">San Diego is a <a href="/wiki/Port_of_call_(nautical_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of call (nautical term)">port of call</a> for nine cruise lines</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dole_Honduras_in_San_Diego_wide_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Dole_Honduras_in_San_Diego_wide_view.jpg/182px-Dole_Honduras_in_San_Diego_wide_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Dole_Honduras_in_San_Diego_wide_view.jpg/273px-Dole_Honduras_in_San_Diego_wide_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Dole_Honduras_in_San_Diego_wide_view.jpg/364px-Dole_Honduras_in_San_Diego_wide_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Dole_Food_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dole Food Company">Dole</a> Honduras at the Tenth Avenue Marine Terminal container port.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>San Diego–Tijuana's only <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepwater port">deepwater port</a> is both a <a href="/wiki/Container_port" title="Container port">container port</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a> destination. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">Port of San Diego</a> has recreation terminals and docked ships at the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_San_Diego" title="Maritime Museum of San Diego">Maritime Museum of San Diego</a>, which is located at the <a href="/wiki/Embarcadero_(San_Diego)" title="Embarcadero (San Diego)">Embarcadero</a>. The port is serviced by nine cruise lines including <a href="/wiki/Carnival_Cruise_Line" title="Carnival Cruise Line">Carnival Cruise Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Caribbean_International" title="Royal Caribbean International">Royal Caribbean International</a>. A new cruise terminal was recently constructed at the Port to compensate for the increased levels of maritime tourism. </p><p>Cargo and <a href="/wiki/Container_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Container terminal">container terminals</a> are located to the south of the Embarcadero where two marine cargo facilities are administered. The Port of San Diego was ranked by the United States' <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Transportation_Statistics" title="Bureau of Transportation Statistics">Bureau of Transportation Statistics</a> as one of America's top 30 U.S. <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ship</a> ports in 2007. The port also serves as the primary port of entry for larger car corporations including <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> into the United States of America. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ensenada" title="Port of Ensenada">Port of Ensenada</a> also serves as a transport point where cruise ships arrive and depart from Southern Californian, European, and Central American ports.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cargo arriving at the Port of Ensenada is also transported to the metropolitan region via the <a href="/wiki/Tijuana-Ensenada_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijuana-Ensenada Freeway">Tijuana-Ensenada Freeway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Punta_Colonet" title="Punta Colonet">Port of Punta Colonet</a> is being planned as an alternative port to the West Coast ports of the United States and Canada;<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the port is not without its negative environmental impacts.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 150 miles (240 km) south of Tijuana, the port is intended to compete with the twin ports of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Long_Beach" title="Port of Long Beach">Long Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PortLATimes_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PortLATimes-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once completed the port would serve as the primary dock for Asian vessels unloading shipping containers.<sup id="cite_ref-PortLATimes_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PortLATimes-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would have a 200-mile (320 km) rail line to San Diego–Tijuana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_International_Airport" title="Tijuana International Airport">Tijuana International Airport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/McClellan-Palomar_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="McClellan-Palomar Airport">McClellan-Palomar Airport</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:215px;max-width:215px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Surprise_at_sunset_with_airplane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/HMS_Surprise_at_sunset_with_airplane.jpg/213px-HMS_Surprise_at_sunset_with_airplane.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/HMS_Surprise_at_sunset_with_airplane.jpg/320px-HMS_Surprise_at_sunset_with_airplane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/HMS_Surprise_at_sunset_with_airplane.jpg/426px-HMS_Surprise_at_sunset_with_airplane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Plane flying into <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpskwcrjuanew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alpskwcrjuanew.jpg/171px-Alpskwcrjuanew.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alpskwcrjuanew.jpg/257px-Alpskwcrjuanew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Alpskwcrjuanew.jpg/342px-Alpskwcrjuanew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Front of <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_International_Airport" title="Tijuana International Airport">Tijuana International Airport</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>San Diego–Tijuana is served by of two major <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airports</a>: <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_International_Airport" title="Tijuana International Airport">Tijuana International Airport</a> (General Abelardo L. Rodríguez), and one regional airport <a href="/wiki/McClellan%E2%80%93Palomar_Airport" title="McClellan–Palomar Airport">McClellan–Palomar Airport</a> (Carlsbad). </p><p>San Diego International Airport is located 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of Centre City and 20 mi (32 km) from Tijuana. Operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the airport is the busiest single-<a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a> <a href="/wiki/Commercial_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial airport">commercial airport</a> in the world. SAN served 22,009,921 in 2021. As of June 2023, San Diego International Airport is served by 16 passenger airlines.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022 the Tijuana International Airport served 12,324,600 passengers. It is the fourth busiest airport in Mexico and serves as the focus city for <a href="/wiki/Aerom%C3%A9xico" title="Aeroméxico">Aeroméxico</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cross_Border_Xpress" title="Cross Border Xpress">Cross Border Xpress</a> consists of a pedestrian toll bridge which directly links the terminal in Mexico with the CBX terminal on the U.S. side – the only airport in the world with terminals on the territory of two countries. </p><p>McClellan-Palomar Airport is located near the central business district of Carlsbad, serving North County. However, the airport does not currently have any passenger service. </p><p> The top ten flights in 2022 to 2023 from all three airports were to <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> with 1,191,875 passengers, <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> with 1,068,321 passengers, <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> with 837,000 passengers, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> with 704,000 passengers, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> with approximately 661,000 passengers, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> with 654,000 passengers, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> with 641,000 passengers, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> with 625,000, <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle/Tacoma</a> with 610,000 passengers, <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas/Fort Worth</a> with 532,000 passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports_of_Entry">Ports of Entry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ports of Entry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">San Ysidro Port of Entry</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SD-TJNewCity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SD-TJNewCity.jpg/171px-SD-TJNewCity.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SD-TJNewCity.jpg/257px-SD-TJNewCity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SD-TJNewCity.jpg/342px-SD-TJNewCity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="574" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tijuana_Border_Traffic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tijuana_Border_Traffic.jpg/163px-Tijuana_Border_Traffic.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tijuana_Border_Traffic.jpg/245px-Tijuana_Border_Traffic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tijuana_Border_Traffic.jpg/326px-Tijuana_Border_Traffic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Traffic at the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro Port of Entry</a>, the busiest international border crossing in the world</div></div></div></div> <p>In 2002, according to the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Association_of_Governments" title="San Diego Association of Governments">San Diego Association of Governments</a> (SANDAG), the number of trucks driving north through the Otay Mesa Port of Entry numbered over 725,710, representing approximately $20 billion worth of freight.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_SD-TJ_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_SD-TJ-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time congestion has increased as the population of the region has grown at a high rate. San Diego and Tijuana have both begun collaborative renovation plans in order to ease border congestion.<sup id="cite_ref-border_modernization_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-border_modernization-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Land_Port_of_Entry_Expansion_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="San Ysidro Land Port of Entry Expansion Project">San Ysidro Land Port of Entry Expansion Project</a> involves adding ten lanes to the San Ysidro border crossing and the creation of the El Chaparral Port of Entry.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another plan includes adding an extra border crossing to the east of Otay Mesa with completion estimated for the year 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Projects such as these will attempt to reduce the loss of millions of dollars per day due to waiting at the border.<sup id="cite_ref-border_modernization_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-border_modernization-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are currently three <a href="/wiki/Ports_of_entry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports of entry">ports of entry</a> serving the metropolitan region. The San Ysidro Port of Entry/<a href="/wiki/El_Chaparral" title="El Chaparral">El Chaparral</a> expansion projects, and the opening of the new <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_East_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa East Port of Entry">Otay Mesa East Port of Entry</a>, will add significant capacity. The most trafficked port of entry is the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro Port of Entry</a>—the busiest international crossing in the world. It serves as the primary entry point for the commuting populace of the metropolitan region. The <a href="/wiki/Cross_Border_Xpress" title="Cross Border Xpress">Cross Border Xpress</a> pedestrian border crossing, which opened December 9, 2015, is for the exclusive use of ticketed passengers at <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_International_Airport" title="Tijuana International Airport">Tijuana International Airport</a>. Further east, the <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa Port of Entry">Otay Mesa Port of Entry</a> deals with high volumes of commercial traffic as it is located in the manufacturing zone of the region. The Otay Mesa Port accounts for billions of dollars worth of product.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_SD-TJ_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_SD-TJ-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further east, the Otay Mesa East Port of Entry is planned. And the farthest east, the <a href="/wiki/Tecate_Port_of_Entry" title="Tecate Port of Entry">Tecate Port of Entry</a> is the smallest port of entry and is not designed for dealing with large volumes of traffic as it follows a long winding road through the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a>. </p><p>Many businesses in South Bay offer Mexican car insurance on a short-term, prepaid basis. Most large car rental companies in San Diego do permit their vehicles to be taken across the border but generally require a hefty fee, sometimes costing more than the rental, for Mexican auto insurance. Visitors to the region should note that automobile insurance does not travel across the international border. Vehicles registered in Mexico may also require separate insurance for use in the United States. In California Automobile insurance is required by the State. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geisellibrary-day.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geisellibrary-day.JPG/158px-Geisellibrary-day.JPG" decoding="async" width="158" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geisellibrary-day.JPG/237px-Geisellibrary-day.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geisellibrary-day.JPG/316px-Geisellibrary-day.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Geisel_Library" title="Geisel Library">Geisel Library</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SanDiegoStUniv_EntranceBanner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/SanDiegoStUniv_EntranceBanner.jpg/176px-SanDiegoStUniv_EntranceBanner.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/SanDiegoStUniv_EntranceBanner.jpg/264px-SanDiegoStUniv_EntranceBanner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/SanDiegoStUniv_EntranceBanner.jpg/352px-SanDiegoStUniv_EntranceBanner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hepner_Hall" title="Hepner Hall">Hepner Hall</a> at <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrada_de_la_UABC,_campus_Tijuana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Entrada_de_la_UABC%2C_campus_Tijuana.jpg/167px-Entrada_de_la_UABC%2C_campus_Tijuana.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Entrada_de_la_UABC%2C_campus_Tijuana.jpg/251px-Entrada_de_la_UABC%2C_campus_Tijuana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Entrada_de_la_UABC%2C_campus_Tijuana.jpg/334px-Entrada_de_la_UABC%2C_campus_Tijuana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Entrance sign at the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Baja_California" title="Autonomous University of Baja California">Autonomous University of Baja California</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cetys_Universidad_edificio_de_posgrado_campus_Tijuana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cetys_Universidad_edificio_de_posgrado_campus_Tijuana.jpg/167px-Cetys_Universidad_edificio_de_posgrado_campus_Tijuana.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cetys_Universidad_edificio_de_posgrado_campus_Tijuana.jpg/251px-Cetys_Universidad_edificio_de_posgrado_campus_Tijuana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cetys_Universidad_edificio_de_posgrado_campus_Tijuana.jpg/334px-Cetys_Universidad_edificio_de_posgrado_campus_Tijuana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Post-graduate studies building at <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Ense%C3%B1anza_T%C3%A9cnica_y_Superior" title="Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior">Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior</a> (CETYS)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The region is home to over twenty higher education schools including numerous universities, private, and state colleges and maintains an excellent educational infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-Blurred_Borders_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blurred_Borders-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tijuana is home to high ranked national colleges and universities and San Diego is ninth most educated city in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-USSmartestCities_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSmartestCities-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable schools included the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Baja_California" title="Autonomous University of Baja California">Autonomous University of Baja California</a> (Tijuana campus); <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibero-American University">Ibero-American University</a> (Tijuana campus); <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Ense%C3%B1anza_T%C3%A9cnica_y_Superior" title="Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior">CETYS University</a> (Tijuana campus); <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Diego" title="University of San Diego">University of San Diego</a> (USD); <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a> (SDSU); <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> (UC San Diego); <a href="/wiki/California_Western_School_of_Law" title="California Western School of Law">California Western School of Law</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_School_of_Law" title="Thomas Jefferson School of Law">Thomas Jefferson School of Law</a>. Of the colleges in San Diego–Tijuana, UC San Diego is the highest ranked college; ranking as 14th best university in the world by the <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities"><i>Academic Ranking of World Universities</i></a> and in 2010 ranking as the top university in the United States by the <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nationally_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationally-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communication">Communication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telephone">Telephone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Telephone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbering in the Americas">Telephone numbering in the Americas</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Area_codes%E2%80%93C%C3%B3digos_de_%C3%A1rea_(San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Area_codes%E2%80%93C%C3%B3digos_de_%C3%A1rea_%28San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana%29.png/250px-Area_codes%E2%80%93C%C3%B3digos_de_%C3%A1rea_%28San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Area_codes%E2%80%93C%C3%B3digos_de_%C3%A1rea_%28San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana%29.png/375px-Area_codes%E2%80%93C%C3%B3digos_de_%C3%A1rea_%28San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Area_codes%E2%80%93C%C3%B3digos_de_%C3%A1rea_%28San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana%29.png/500px-Area_codes%E2%80%93C%C3%B3digos_de_%C3%A1rea_%28San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Area codes of the metropolitan area</figcaption></figure> <p>Telephonic communication between the two cities requires <a href="/wiki/International_call" title="International call">international calling</a>. To call Tijuana from the United States, "011" (the US <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_call_prefixes" title="List of international call prefixes">international call prefix</a>) must be dialed followed by Mexico's <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes" title="List of country calling codes">country calling code</a> "52"; to call San Diego from Mexico, "00" (the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a> prefix) must be dialed followed by "1" (the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">North American Numbering Plan</a> calling code). Then the caller will in both cases proceed to dial the <a href="/wiki/Area_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code">area code</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Local_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Local number">local number</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <p><b>San Diego County Area Codes</b> </p> <ul><li>+1-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_619" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 619">619</a></li> <li>+1-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 858">858</a></li> <li>+1-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_760" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 760">760</a></li> <li>+1-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_442" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 442">442</a></li> <li>+1-<a href="/wiki/Area_code_949" title="Area code 949">949</a></li></ul> <p><b>Tijuana Metro Area Codes</b> </p> <ul><li>+52-665</li> <li>+52-664</li> <li>+52-663</li> <li>+52-646</li> <li>+52-661</li> <li>+52-686</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limited San Diego television channels are included in Mexican cable in Tijuana and Ensenada. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> is shared between the two cities as necessary, as is the case along both land U.S. borders. <a href="/wiki/Frequency_coordination" title="Frequency coordination">Frequency coordination</a> means that all <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">broadcast stations</a> must be approved by both countries before making any major changes. In this case, approval is required by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) in the U.S. and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Telecommunications_Institute" title="Federal Telecommunications Institute">Federal Telecommunications Institute</a> in Mexico. Additionally, the FCC requires a permit to supply programming to a foreign broadcaster for transmission back into the U.S. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television">Television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cooperative frequency coordination between both city regions is quite common; an example is <a href="/wiki/XETV-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XETV-TV">XETV-TV</a> 6, a Tijuana-based television station used to target audiences in San Diego until its US-based studio closure in 2017, where the <i>K</i> being replaced by the <i>X</i> as an indicator that it is a Mexican-licensed station. These stations were not required to shut down their <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> <a href="/wiki/Analog_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog TV">analog TV</a> operations in June 2009, as full-powered FCC-<a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">licensed</a> stations must. In 2007, a <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">bill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> called the <a href="/wiki/DTV_Border_Fix_Act" title="DTV Border Fix Act">DTV Border Fix Act</a> was introduced, which would have allowed all stations in San Diego, and all television stations within 80 kilometers (50 mi) of the Mexican border, to keep their analog signals active for another five years, delaying the <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">television transition</a> that the rest of the United States would be going through; while the bill passed the Senate, it did not pass the House.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the 2017 rules change by the FCC, San Diego was the largest <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">media market</a> in the United States that was legally unable to support a <a href="/wiki/Duopoly_(broadcasting)" title="Duopoly (broadcasting)">duopoly</a> between two full-power television stations; under the 1999 order, duopolies were not allowed in any U.S. market with fewer than nine full-power stations and once a duopoly is formed, there must be eight unique station owners that remain in a single market. The California side of the market does not fall under either requirement as there are only seven full-power stations in that part of the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. Though two sister stations existed (the <a href="/wiki/E._W._Scripps_Company" title="E. W. Scripps Company">E. W. Scripps Company</a> group of KGTV and KZSD-LD, and the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Owned_Television_Stations" title="NBC Owned Television Stations">NBC Owned Television Stations</a> group of KNSD and KUAN-LD), they are not considered duopolies under the FCC's legal definition as common ownership between full-power and <a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">low-power</a> television stations in the same market is permitted regardless to the number of stations licensed to the area. On November 20, 2017, the FCC eliminated the "Eight-Voices Test" requirement, allowing media companies to form duopolies regardless of the number of full-powered stations licensed to each market.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision allowed <a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar Media Group</a>, owner of Fox affiliate <a href="/wiki/KSWB-TV" title="KSWB-TV">KSWB-TV</a>, to purchase independent station <a href="/wiki/KUSI-TV" title="KUSI-TV">KUSI-TV</a> from McKinnon Broadcasting on May 8, 2023;<sup id="cite_ref-kusitonexstar_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kusitonexstar-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the transaction was completed on August 31, creating the first legal duopoly in San Diego.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mexico-licensed stations in the market are not subject to the duopoly rules as two or more full-power television stations are allowed to be owned by the same company under Mexican telecommunications law (American-based <a href="/wiki/TelevisaUnivision" title="TelevisaUnivision">TelevisaUnivision</a> owns three stations in Tijuana: XETV-TV, <a href="/wiki/XHUAA-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHUAA-TV">XHUAA-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/XEWT-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XEWT-TV">XEWT-TV</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Entravision_Communications" title="Entravision Communications">Entravision Communications</a> and <a href="/wiki/TV_Azteca" title="TV Azteca">TV Azteca</a> each own two stations: <a href="/wiki/XHAS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHAS-TV">XHAS-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/XHDTV-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHDTV-TV">XHDTV-TV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/XHJK-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHJK-TV">XHJK-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/XHTIT-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTIT-TV">XHTIT-TV</a>, respectively). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio">Radio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On radio, relaying programming across the border is even more common, with stations like <a href="/wiki/XHITZ-FM" title="XHITZ-FM">XHITZ-FM</a> 90.3 and <a href="/wiki/XHMORE-FM" title="XHMORE-FM">XHMORE-FM</a> 98.9 being programmed by U.S. broadcast groups, while being owned by Mexican companies (as required under Mexican law) and operating under Mexican <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_law" title="Broadcast law">broadcast law</a>. Other American stations relayed via Mexico through <a href="/wiki/Local_marketing_agreement" title="Local marketing agreement">local marketing agreements</a> (LMAs) are <a href="/wiki/XEPE-AM" title="XEPE-AM">XEPE</a> AM 1700, <a href="/wiki/XEPRS-AM" title="XEPRS-AM">XEPRS</a> AM 1090 and <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">simulcast</a> <a href="/wiki/XHPRS-FM" title="XHPRS-FM">XHPRS-FM</a> 105.7, <a href="/wiki/XESPN-AM" title="XESPN-AM">XESPN</a> AM 800, <a href="/wiki/XESURF-AM" title="XESURF-AM">XESURF</a> AM 540, <a href="/wiki/XETRA-FM" title="XETRA-FM">XETRA</a> FM 91.1, <a href="/wiki/XHRM-FM" title="XHRM-FM">XHRM</a> FM 92.5, <a href="/wiki/XEWW-AM" title="XEWW-AM">XEWW-AM</a> 690, <a href="/wiki/XHA-FM" title="XHA-FM">XHA-FM</a> 94.5, <a href="/wiki/XHFG-FM" title="XHFG-FM">XHFG-FM</a> 107.3, <a href="/wiki/XHGLX-FM" title="XHGLX-FM">XHGLX-FM</a> 91.7, <a href="/wiki/XHLNC-FM" title="XHLNC-FM">XHLNC-FM</a> 104.9, and <a href="/wiki/XHTY-FM_(Baja_California)" title="XHTY-FM (Baja California)">XHTY-FM</a> 99.7. All of these stations are authorized to simulcast digitally in <a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">HD Radio</a>, as are other stations within 320 kilometers (200 mi) of the U.S. border.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because many stations in the <a href="/wiki/Reserved_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserved band">reserved band</a> (FM below 92 MHz) are used by Mexican stations, other specific allotments are reserved for <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial educational">non-commercial educational</a> (NCE) radio stations in the San Diego area. However, the lack of such allotments still leaves the area with no <a href="/wiki/College_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="College radio">college radio</a> stations available except via <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">Internet radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cable_radio" title="Cable radio">cable radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/LPAM" class="mw-redirect" title="LPAM">LPAM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_audio_program" title="Second audio program">TV SAP</a>. These are <a href="/wiki/KCR_(SDSU)" class="mw-redirect" title="KCR (SDSU)">KCR</a> from <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/KSDT_Radio" title="KSDT Radio">KSDT</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>. </p><p>Under Mexican law, radio stations located in Mexico must broadcast the Mexican National Anthem twice daily and broadcast public affairs program <a href="/wiki/La_Hora_Nacional" title="La Hora Nacional"><i>La Hora Nacional</i></a> on Sunday evenings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_infrastructure">Other infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Other infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SempraEnergyBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SempraEnergyBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg/220px-SempraEnergyBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SempraEnergyBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg/330px-SempraEnergyBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SempraEnergyBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg/440px-SempraEnergyBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="2490" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sempra" title="Sempra">Sempra Corporate Headquarters</a> in San Diego</figcaption></figure> <p>The metropolitan region has developed many utilities which have primary focus on energy and environmental health. A focal point of cross-border environmental relations is the care of the Tijuana River Estuary. The <a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_Wastewater_Treatment_Plant" title="International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant">International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant</a> (IWTP) was developed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" title="International Boundary and Water Commission">International Boundary and Water Commission</a> (IBWC) as a joint project between the US and Mexico in the mid-1990s following substantial environmental studies regarding the polluting effects of the river system from run-off and untreated water on the Tijuana side of the border region.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The facility now treats sewage flows exceeding the capacity of the present Tijuana sewage treatment system.<sup id="cite_ref-IWTP_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWTP-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant directly assists in the restoration of the Tijuana River Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-IWTP_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWTP-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another collaborative effort between the two cities was the <a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">environmentally friendly</a> development of paved roads – created by placing concrete blocks on dirt roads – in the San Bernardo neighborhood of northwestern Tijuana.<sup id="cite_ref-CSM_TJ_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSM_TJ-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst being a good example for overall development of Tijuana, it served to retain water in the earth and prevented possible negative impacts from floodwater. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>San Diego–Tijuana relies heavily on water from the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_SD-TJ_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_SD-TJ-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately half of San Diego–Tijuana's fresh water is used for non-drinking purposes, including <a href="/wiki/Landscaping" title="Landscaping">landscape</a> <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial enterprise">commercial enterprise</a>, and industrial processing.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_SD-TJ_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning_SD-TJ-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methods such as <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">saltwater</a> <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a> provides options for obtaining <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a>. Cities in the metropolitan region such as Carlsbad have begun desalination projects of their own, without a bi-national conference. The <a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_desalination_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlsbad desalination plant">Carlsbad desalination plant</a> is the largest desalination plant in the United States. It was opened in December 2015, and produces 50-million gallons a day; enough water to supply 10% of San Diego region residents with drinking water.<sup id="cite_ref-CarlsbadDesal._107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarlsbadDesal.-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The policies shared between San Diego and Tijuana are addressed in a binational way as the effects of actions on one side of the border, with regard to infrastructure, are felt on the neighboring side.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past decade San Diego–Tijuana has developed new cooperative strategies to make energy consumption more efficient and effectively supply energy.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000 <a href="/wiki/Sempra_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sempra Energy">Sempra Energy</a> constructed a <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas pipeline">natural gas pipeline</a> to provide energy to a <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal power plant">thermal power plant</a> in Rosarito; also the principle plant in Baja California.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sempra_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sempra-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region was able to reduce levels of <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> substantially when the conversion to a natural gas fired electrical generation facility was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sempra_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sempra-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Baja California subregions, <a href="/wiki/Unleaded_gasoline" class="mw-redirect" title="Unleaded gasoline">unleaded gasoline</a> has also replaced leaded fuel as means for transportation, helping regional air quality.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_109-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new strategies also included plans that worked with the nearby capital of Mexicali, where the pipeline shared between the two states was constructed to supply natural gas to its metropolitan area with energy supplied by Sempra and Proxima.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_109-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sempra Energy has been applauded for its initial development of this cross-border infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 19, 2011, it was reported by the San Diego Union-Tribune that <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Gas_%26_Electric" title="San Diego Gas & Electric">San Diego Gas & Electric</a> signed a twenty-year deal with <a href="/wiki/Sempra_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sempra Generation">Sempra Generation</a> to obtain power generated by the Energia Sierra Juarez Project, a wind farm of 450 <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>, taking up an area predominantly in the Tecate region of Baja California larger than <a href="/wiki/Anza_Borrego_Desert_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Anza Borrego Desert State Park">Anza Borrego Desert State Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wind_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wind-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Energia Sierra Juarez is slated for construction in 2012, though the deal has yet to be approved by the <a href="/wiki/California_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="California Public Utilities Commission">California Public Utilities Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wind_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wind-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Diego" title="Culture of San Diego">Culture of San Diego</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Tijuana">Culture of Tijuana</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_building_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_building_2.JPG/203px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_building_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="203" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_building_2.JPG/305px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_building_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_building_2.JPG/406px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_building_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Us" title="Museum of Us">Museum of Us</a> in San Diego</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_la_Cultura_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Casa_de_la_Cultura_-_panoramio.jpg/181px-Casa_de_la_Cultura_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Casa_de_la_Cultura_-_panoramio.jpg/272px-Casa_de_la_Cultura_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Casa_de_la_Cultura_-_panoramio.jpg/362px-Casa_de_la_Cultura_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tijuana's House of Culture</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The sister cities of the metropolitan region have a complex and rich cultural exchange. The binational art communities are the most progressive yet least funded when compared to other international communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cultural activities present on both sides of the border provide artists a benefited cultural activity sector. Art organizations on both sides of the border have binational programs. <a href="/wiki/Mainly_Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainly Mozart">Mainly Mozart</a> (Festival Binacional de Mozart) performs, for both cities of California and Baja California, with internationally known musicians and orchestras.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In San Diego, the Opera's Ensemble tours the metropolitan region every year performing over 150 performances in the regions educational institutions, cultural centers, and concert venues.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_San_Diego" title="Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego">Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego</a> actively promotes the binational arts culture in the area and has displayed exhibitions highlighting the border experience.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The metropolitan region has become a magnet for artists from abroad. <a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">Musicians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual artist">visual artists</a> from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, Mexico, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> are now found in organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestra of Baja California">Orchestra of Baja California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cultural region is the home of many museums and landmarks. The regions cultural institutions and landmarks are in part comprised by the many institutions of <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a>, Tijuana Cultural Center, the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_San_Diego" title="Maritime Museum of San Diego">Maritime Museum of San Diego</a> – a collection of large historic American vessels, <a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo National Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christ_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Christ of the Sacred Heart"><i>Christ of the Sacred Heart</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_Rey_de_Francia" title="Mission San Luis Rey de Francia">Mission San Luis Rey de Francia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_San_Diego_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Town San Diego State Historic Park">Old Town San Diego State Historic Park</a>, and museum at <a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Battlefield_State_Historic_Park" title="San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park">San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park</a>. Local beach culture is in part represented by the <a href="/wiki/California_Surf_Museum" title="California Surf Museum">California Surf Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_influence">Border influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Border influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caesar%27s_salad_at_Caesar%27s_restaurant_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Caesar%27s_salad_at_Caesar%27s_restaurant_2018.jpg/220px-Caesar%27s_salad_at_Caesar%27s_restaurant_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Caesar%27s_salad_at_Caesar%27s_restaurant_2018.jpg/330px-Caesar%27s_salad_at_Caesar%27s_restaurant_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Caesar%27s_salad_at_Caesar%27s_restaurant_2018.jpg/440px-Caesar%27s_salad_at_Caesar%27s_restaurant_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Caesar_salad" title="Caesar salad">Caesar salad</a> finds roots in the cross border culture of 1920s American Prohibition, when San Diegans would take trips to Tijuana to legally consume alcohol. Caesar salad was invented by an Italian immigrant living in San Diego who owned a popular restaurant for drinking in Tijuana. Today, young San Diegans under 21 still cross into Tijuana for the 18 years old drinking age.</figcaption></figure> <p>In a region where <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mexico" title="Culture of Mexico">Mexican traditional culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">American contemporary culture</a> clash, native artists benefit from the manifested diverse cultural influences.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tijuana's adjacent location to San Diego fuels its intrigue for artists and art curators.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A growing number of artists and musicians have begun challenging the sometimes negative stereotype of Tijuana through exhibitions displaying the city as a place of contingency and creativity.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Diego–Tijuana has been considered "<i>one of the hottest interfaces between first and third worlds</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists attraction to San Diego–Tijuana's arts and culture scene was accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Tucson_Weekly" title="Tucson Weekly">Tucson Weekly</a> to the environment created by one of the richest and most developed cities – San Diego – border proximity to a once <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">third world</a> type city – Tijuana.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Food in the region has been greatly attributed from its position on the US-Mexican border. The region has also been influenced by immigrants who migrated to the area. </p><p>Notable foods rooted in the region are: </p> <ul><li>Fish Tacos/Tacos de Pescado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrito#San_Diego" title="Burrito">Regional San Diego burritos:</a> <ul><li>California burrito</li> <li>Carne Asada burrito</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carne_asada_fries" title="Carne asada fries">Carne Asada Fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_salad" title="Caesar salad">Caesar Salad</a> (invented in Tijuana)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alcohol">Alcohol</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Alcohol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is also home to many wineries and craft breweries scattered throughout the region, with <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Beer in San Diego County, California">San Diego's craft brewery industry</a>, Tijuana's proximity to the wineries in <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Guadalupe" title="Valle de Guadalupe">Valle de Guadalupe</a>, and Tecate's <a href="/wiki/Tecate_(beer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecate (beer)">Cerveza Tecate</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Moctezuma_Brewery" title="Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery">Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery</a>. Tijuana and Tecate's growth could be attributed to the influx of American alcohol tourism in the 1920s to evade the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">US prohibition of alcohol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_recognition">International recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: International recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The culture of San Diego–Tijuana is international and <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a>, reflecting the values of each city. Tijuana's emerging vibrant culture scene plays and undeniable role in the art enrichment of its neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metropolitan regions southern anchor city, Tijuana, was identified by <a href="/wiki/Newsweek_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsweek International">Newsweek International</a> as one of the top eight creative cities in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Arts&Culture_113-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arts&Culture-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was recognized for its amalgamation of traditional Mexican <a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> music by cities as far away as <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berlin's <a href="/wiki/Haus_der_Kulturen_der_Welt" title="Haus der Kulturen der Welt">Haus der Kulturen der Welt</a> attributed Tijuana as the "<i>cradle of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican rock">Mexican rock</a>... where the music of the future is being born in Mexico.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Britain's <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Newspaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Newspaper">Guardian Newspaper</a>, "<i>Tijuana is in the middle of an artistic flowering in which artists are re-examining the city's hybrid binational culture.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tijuana has been gaining recognition as a culinary center for the <a href="/wiki/Baja_Med" title="Baja Med">Baja Med</a> fusion cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the five years prior to 2004 Tijuana's visual arts were sought out by European exhibitions, and received notable focus from Germany. An international exhibition in Hamburg titled <i>Unlikely Encounters in Urban Space</i> portrayed the developed environment in Eastern Tijuana as well as in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar de Plata">Mar de Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cultural_Enclaves">Cultural Enclaves</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cultural Enclaves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Additionally, the metropolitan area is home to many cultural enclaves from around the world not including American and Mexican enclaves they have of each other. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Enclave Name </th> <th>Neighborhood </th> <th>Community Represented </th> <th>Official Recognition or Dedicated District </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">European Ethnic Enclaves </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_San_Diego" title="Little Italy, San Diego"><b>Little Italy</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_San_Diego" title="Little Italy, San Diego">Little Italy, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Tijuana" title="Downtown Tijuana">Zona Centro, Tijuana</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> <a href="/wiki/Italo-Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Mexican">Italo-Mexicano</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Guadalupe" title="Valle de Guadalupe">Valle de Guadalupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensenada_Municipality" title="Ensenada Municipality">Ensenada</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-American_neighborhoods" title="Portuguese-American neighborhoods">Little Portugal</a> CBD </td> <td>Avenida de Portugal, <a href="/wiki/Roseville-Fleetridge,_San_Diego" title="Roseville-Fleetridge, San Diego">Roseville-Fleetridge, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olivenhain,_Encinitas,_California" title="Olivenhain, Encinitas, California"><b>Olivenhain</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olivenhain,_Encinitas,_California" title="Olivenhain, Encinitas, California">Olivenhain, Encinitas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1890s </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Asian Ethnic Enclaves </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa_(Tijuana)" title="La Mesa (Tijuana)">Barrio Chino</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="La Mesa, Tijuana">La Mesa, Tijuana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Mexicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Mexicans">Chinese Mexicans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Little_Saigon,_San_Diego" title="Little Saigon, San Diego">Little Saigon</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/City_Heights,_San_Diego" title="City Heights, San Diego">City Heights, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese Americans</a> </td> <td>Yes, June 4, 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Convoy_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Convoy Street">Convoy District (Convoy Pan Asian Cultural & Business Innovation District)</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kearny_Mesa,_San_Diego" title="Kearny Mesa, San Diego">Kearny Mesa, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_California" title="Asian Americans in California">Asian Americans</a> <ul><li>Taiwanese (Northwest)</li> <li>Chinese and Korean (Central)</li> <li>Japanese (East)</li> <li>Southeast Asian (South)</li></ul> </td> <td>Yes, October 20, 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City, California</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Hills,_San_Diego" title="Paradise Hills, San Diego">Paradise Hills, San Diego</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manila Mesa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mira_Mesa,_San_Diego" title="Mira Mesa, San Diego">Mira Mesa, San Diego</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td>Little India (Center) </td> <td>Black Mountain Road, <a href="/wiki/Miramar,_San_Diego" title="Miramar, San Diego">Miramar, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linda_Vista,_San_Diego" title="Linda Vista, San Diego">Linda Vista, San Diego</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian American">Southeast Asian American</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hill,_San_Diego" title="Golden Hill, San Diego">Golden Hill, San Diego</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>East <a href="/wiki/Clairemont_Mesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Clairemont Mesa">Clairemont Mesa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chollas_View,_San_Diego" title="Chollas View, San Diego">Chollas View, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Pacific Islander Ethnic Enclaves </th></tr> <tr> <td>Little Samoa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans">Samoan Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside &</a> <a href="/wiki/Vista,_California" title="Vista, California">Vista</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mission_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Mission Beach, San Diego">Mission Beach, San Diego</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Spring Valley, San Diego County, California">Spring Valley, San Diego County, California</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Middle Eastern Ethnic Enclaves </th></tr> <tr> <td>Little Baghdad </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Mesa,_California" title="La Mesa, California">La Mesa</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Spring Valley, San Diego County, California">Spring Valley, CA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqi Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaldean Americans">Chaldean Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td>La Jolla Eruv </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Jewish-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Americans">Jewish Americans</a> </td> <td>Documented </td></tr> <tr> <td>University City Eruv </td> <td>South <a href="/wiki/University_City,_San_Diego" title="University City, San Diego">University City, San Diego</a> </td> <td>Documented </td></tr> <tr> <td>College Area Eruv </td> <td><a href="/wiki/College_Area,_San_Diego" title="College Area, San Diego">College Area, San Diego</a> </td> <td>Documented </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Carlos Eruv </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_San_Diego" title="San Carlos, San Diego">San Carlos, San Diego</a> </td> <td>Pending </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">African, African American, and Afro-Caribbean Ethnic Enclaves </th></tr> <tr> <td>Little Moghadishu / Little Somalia </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/City_Heights,_San_Diego" title="City Heights, San Diego">City Heights, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Somali_Americans" title="Somali Americans">Somali Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Americans" title="Sudanese Americans">Sudanese Americans</a> & <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Americans" title="South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pequeña Haití </td> <td>Cañon del Alacrán, Divina Providencia, <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Mexicans" title="Haitian Mexicans">Haitian Mexicans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_San_Diego" title="Southeast San Diego">Southeast San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Indigenous Ethnic Enclaves/Reservations </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sycuan_Band_of_the_Kumeyaay_Nation" title="Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation">Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation</a> </td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1875 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jamul_Indian_Village" title="Jamul Indian Village">Jamul Indian Village</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1912 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barona_Group_of_Capitan_Grande_Band_of_Mission_Indians" title="Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians">Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1932 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juntas de Neji </td> <td>Southern <a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality" title="Tecate Municipality">Tecate Municipality</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>San José de la Zorra </td> <td>San José de la Zorra, Baja California </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rincon_Band_of_Luise%C3%B1o_Indians" title="Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians">Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pay%C3%B3mkawichum" class="mw-redirect" title="Payómkawichum">Payómkawichum (Luiseño)</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1875 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pauma_Band_of_Luiseno_Mission_Indians_of_the_Pauma_%26_Yuima_Reservation,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma & Yuima Reservation, California">Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma & Yuima Reservation, California</a> </td> <td>Yes, 1893 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pala_Band_of_Luiseno_Mission_Indians_of_the_Pala_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation">Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pay%C3%B3mkawichum" class="mw-redirect" title="Payómkawichum">Payómkawichum (Luiseño)</a> <p><a href="/wiki/Kuupangaxwichem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuupangaxwichem">Kuupangaxwichem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupeño people">Cupeño</a>) </p> </td> <td>Yes, 1901 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hatam's Village (Hata'am) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park (San Diego)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">Native Californians</a> & <a href="/wiki/Baja_California#History" title="Baja California">Native Baja Californians</a> </td> <td>Dismantled 1900s </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Other Latin American Ethnic Enclaves </th></tr> <tr> <td>El Barretal </td> <td>Matamoros Norte-Centro-Sur, <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hondurans" title="Hondurans">Hondurans</a> & <a href="/wiki/Guatemalans" title="Guatemalans">Guatemalans</a>; <a href="/wiki/Central_American_migrant_caravans" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/City_Heights,_San_Diego" title="City Heights, San Diego">City Heights, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> & <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">LGBTQ Enclaves </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hillcrest Gayborhood </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_San_Diego" title="Hillcrest, San Diego">Hillcrest, San Diego</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LGBT_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT Americans">LGBT Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Tijuana" title="Downtown Tijuana">Zona Centro, Tijuana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Mexico">LGBT Mexicans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_California" title="Alpine, California">Alpine, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian American">Lesbian Americans</a> </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_San_Diego" title="Sports in San Diego">Sports in San Diego</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Tijuana">Sports in Tijuana</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg/238px-Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg/357px-Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg/476px-Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Petco_Park" title="Petco Park">Petco Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xolos_estadio_caliente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Xolos_estadio_caliente.jpg/238px-Xolos_estadio_caliente.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Xolos_estadio_caliente.jpg/357px-Xolos_estadio_caliente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Xolos_estadio_caliente.jpg/476px-Xolos_estadio_caliente.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Caliente" title="Estadio Caliente">Estadio Caliente</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The most prominent sports in the area are <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>. San Diego is the home of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_FC" title="San Diego FC">San Diego FC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> (MLS). Tijuana is the home of <a href="/wiki/Club_Tijuana" title="Club Tijuana">Club Tijuana</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liga_MX" title="Liga MX">Liga MX</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toros_de_Tijuana" title="Toros de Tijuana">Toros de Tijuana</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_League" title="Mexican League">Mexican League</a> (LMB). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Watersports" class="mw-redirect" title="Watersports">Watersports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boardsports" class="mw-redirect" title="Boardsports">boardsports</a> form a large part of San Diego–Tijuana sports culture. <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a> is popular in the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay_(San_Diego)" title="Mission Bay (San Diego)">Mission Bay</a> areas. The San Diego–Ensenada International Yacht Race is hosted by the Southwestern Yacht Club of San Diego.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is known for its avid <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> scene; well-known destinations include <a href="/wiki/Swami%27s" title="Swami's">Swami's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baja_Malibu" title="Baja Malibu">Baja Malibu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swami's_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swami's-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cardiff_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardiff-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BajaMalibu_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BajaMalibu-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a sign of binational friendship, San Diegans – Team USA – and Tijuanenses – Team Mexico – played in a friendly game of "border <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>" at <a href="/wiki/Border_Field_State_Park" title="Border Field State Park">Border Field State Park</a>, in which volleyballs were passed over the international border fence splitting the beach.<sup id="cite_ref-volleyball_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volleyball-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first game of international border volleyball and garnered national media attention.<sup id="cite_ref-volleyball_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volleyball-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-2000s, the Binational Organizing Committee (BiNOC) of San Diego–Tijuana made it known that the sister-cities were interested in making a bid for the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Olympics_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Olympics-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed bid intentionally rivaled <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>' bid for the 2016 games.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Olympics_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Olympics-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Olympic Committee">U.S. Olympic Committee</a> (USOC) decided against the binational bid.<sup id="cite_ref-No_to_2016_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No_to_2016-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSparrow2001" class="citation journal cs1">Sparrow, Glen (2001). "San Diego-Tijuana: Not quite a binational city or region". <i>GeoJournal</i>. <b>54</b> (1): 73–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1021144816403">10.1023/A:1021144816403</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41147639">41147639</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153015715">153015715</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GeoJournal&rft.atitle=San+Diego-Tijuana%3A+Not+quite+a+binational+city+or+region&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-83&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153015715%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41147639%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1021144816403&rft.aulast=Sparrow&rft.aufirst=Glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardsonBae2005" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Harry W.; Bae, Chang-Hee C. (July 6, 2005). "Tijuana-San Diego: Globalization and the transborder metropolis". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hrBRjxh12XQC"><i>Globalization and Urban Development</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 181–195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-28351-X_12">10.1007/3-540-28351-X_12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-22362-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-22362-7"><bdi>978-3-540-22362-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tijuana-San+Diego%3A+Globalization+and+the+transborder+metropolis&rft.btitle=Globalization+and+Urban+Development&rft.pages=181-195&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2005-07-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F3-540-28351-X_12&rft.isbn=978-3-540-22362-7&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Harry+W.&rft.au=Bae%2C+Chang-Hee+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhrBRjxh12XQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/48px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/64px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" 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areas in the Americas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-America:_metropolitan_areas-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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San Diego Natural History Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amphibian+and+Reptile+Atlas+of+Peninsular+California&rft.atitle=Biodiversity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherpatlas.sdnhm.org%2Flearn%2Fbiodiversity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegotraveltips.com/public/Wild_Parrots_of_San_Diego.cfm">"Wild Parrots of San Diego"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"L.A. has a regional rival in its bid for 2016 Games". <i>The San Diego Union-Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=L.A.+has+a+regional+rival+in+its+bid+for+2016+Games&rft.date=2005-09-08&rft.aulast=Zeigler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGB_Staff2005" class="citation news cs1">GB Staff (September 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104154237/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1126197265.html">"San Diego/Tijuana Bid Could Rival L.A. 2016"</a>. Games Bids Inc. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Answer+is+%22No%22+To+Joint+San+Diego-Tijuana+2016+Olympic+Bid&rft.date=2006-06-24&rft.au=GB+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesbids.com%2Feng%2Fother_news%2F1151178061.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>San Diego–Tijuana</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/San Diego–Tijuana">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="c:San Diego–Tijuana">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/San Diego–Tijuana">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/San Diego–Tijuana">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/San Diego–Tijuana">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/San Diego–Tijuana">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/San Diego–Tijuana">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countrycallingcodes.com/">International Call Assistance</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Organizations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/">San Diego Dialogue of UCSD</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulisd.org/">ULI San Diego/Tijuana District Council</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="Template:San Diego–Tijuana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="Template talk:San Diego–Tijuana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:San Diego–Tijuana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="San_Diego–Tijuana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Diego–Tijuana</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: silver;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geology">Geology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Populace">Populace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="Transportation in San Diego–Tijuana">Transportation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Higher_education">Education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Communication">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">Border</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Other_infrastructure">Other infrastructure</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: silver;width:1%">Counties and municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Playas_de_Rosarito_Municipality" title="Playas de Rosarito Municipality">Rosarito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality" title="Tecate Municipality">Tecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/San_Diego%E2%80%93TijuanaMontage.jpg/155px-San_Diego%E2%80%93TijuanaMontage.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/San_Diego%E2%80%93TijuanaMontage.jpg/233px-San_Diego%E2%80%93TijuanaMontage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/San_Diego%E2%80%93TijuanaMontage.jpg/310px-San_Diego%E2%80%93TijuanaMontage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="5120" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: silver;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: silver;width:1%">Cities<br />100k–250k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_California" title="Carlsbad, California">Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cajon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Cajon">El Cajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista,_California" title="Vista, California">Vista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: silver;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />20k–99k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Refugio,_Baja_California" title="El Refugio, Baja California">El Refugio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Encinitas">Encinitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallbrook,_California" title="Fallbrook, California">Fallbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Beach,_California" title="Imperial Beach, California">Imperial Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Joya,_Baja_California" title="La Joya, Baja California">La Joya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa,_California" title="La Mesa, California">La Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Presa,_California" title="La Presa, California">La Presa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Grove,_California" title="Lemon Grove, California">Lemon Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3rticos_de_San_Antonio" title="Pórticos de San Antonio">Pórticos de San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway" class="mw-redirect" title="Poway">Poway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramona,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramona, California">Ramona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_San_Diego,_California" title="Rancho San Diego, California">Rancho San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosarito,_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosarito, California (page does not exist)">Rosarito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_California" title="San Marcos, California">San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santee,_California" title="Santee, California">Santee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Spring Valley, San Diego County, California">Spring Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecate" title="Tecate">Tecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrazas_del_Valle,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrazas del Valle, Baja California">Terrazas del Valle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: silver;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />10k–19k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_California" title="Alpine, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita,_California" title="Bonita, California">Bonita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bostonia,_California" title="Bostonia, California">Bostonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Oro-Mount_Helix,_California" title="Casa de Oro-Mount Helix, California">Casa de Oro-Mount Helix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Delicias,_Baja_California" title="Las Delicias, Baja California">Las Delicias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Country_Estates,_California" title="San Diego Country Estates, California">San Diego Country Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solana_Beach,_California" title="Solana Beach, California">Solana Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Campo,_Baja_California" title="Villa del Campo, Baja California">Villa del Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Prado,_Baja_California" title="Villa del Prado, Baja California">Villa del Prado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Gardens,_California" title="Winter Gardens, California">Winter Gardens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: silver;width:1%">Bodies of water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Hedionda_Lagoon" title="Agua Hedionda Lagoon">Agua Hedionda Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiquitos_Lagoon" title="Batiquitos Lagoon">Batiquitos Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="El Capitan Lake">El Capitan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River" title="Tijuana River">Abelardo L. Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Hodges" title="Lake Hodges">Lake Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sutherland" title="Lake Sutherland">Lake Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Otay_Reservoir" title="Lower Otay Reservoir">Lower Otay Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveland_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Loveland Reservoir">Loveland Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay_(San_Diego)" title="Mission Bay (San Diego)">Mission Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Elijo_Lagoon" title="San Elijo Lagoon">San Elijo Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente_Reservoir" title="San Vicente Reservoir">San Vicente Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_Reservoir" title="Sweetwater Reservoir">Sweetwater Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River_Estuary" title="Tijuana River Estuary">Tijuana River Estuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: silver;width:1%">Sub-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anza_Borrego" class="mw-redirect" title="Anza Borrego">Anza Borrego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca,_California" title="Cuyamaca, California">Cuyamaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Valley,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Valley, Baja California">Palm Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playas_de_Rosarito_Municipality" title="Playas de Rosarito Municipality">Playas de Rosarito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality" title="Tecate Municipality">Tecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: silver"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="Category:San Diego–Tijuana">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" class="extiw" title="commons:San Diego–Tijuana">Images</a></b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/48px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/64px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mexico" title="Portal:Mexico">Mexico portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="San_Diego_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego_metropolitan_area" title="Template:San Diego metropolitan area"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:San_Diego_metropolitan_area" title="Template talk:San Diego metropolitan area"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:San_Diego_metropolitan_area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:San Diego metropolitan area"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="San_Diego_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">County</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="San Diego county satellite image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sdmetro.jpg/100px-Sdmetro.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sdmetro.jpg/150px-Sdmetro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sdmetro.jpg/200px-Sdmetro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="295" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">Major city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">100k–300k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_California" title="Carlsbad, California">Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">25k–100k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encinitas,_California" title="Encinitas, California">Encinitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Beach,_California" title="Imperial Beach, California">Imperial Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa,_California" title="La Mesa, California">La Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Grove,_California" title="Lemon Grove, California">Lemon Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_California" title="San Marcos, California">San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santee,_California" title="Santee, California">Santee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway,_California" title="Poway, California">Poway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista,_California" title="Vista, California">Vista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">Under 25k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Del_Mar,_California" title="Del Mar, California">Del Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solana_Beach,_California" title="Solana Beach, California">Solana Beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a> 20k+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fallbrook,_California" title="Fallbrook, California">Fallbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Presa,_California" title="La Presa, California">La Presa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside,_California" title="Lakeside, California">Lakeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramona,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramona, California">Ramona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_San_Diego,_California" title="Rancho San Diego, California">Rancho San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Spring Valley, San Diego County, California">Spring Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Gardens,_California" title="Winter Gardens, California">Winter Gardens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barona_Group_of_Capitan_Grande_Band_of_Mission_Indians" title="Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians">Barona Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Indian_Reservation" title="Campo Indian Reservation">Campo Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitan_Grande_Reservation" title="Capitan Grande Reservation">Capitan Grande Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewiiaapaayp_Band_of_Kumeyaay_Indians" title="Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians">Ewiiaapaayp Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaja_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">Inaja and Cosmit Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamul_Indian_Village" title="Jamul Indian Village">Jamul Indian Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Band_of_Luiseno_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians">La Jolla Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Posta_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">La Posta Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Coyotes_Band_of_Cahuilla_and_Cupeno_Indians" title="Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians">Los Coyotes Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanita_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">Manzanita Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Grande_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesa Grande Reservation">Mesa Grande Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Indian_Reservation" title="Pala Indian Reservation">Pala Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauma_Band_of_Luiseno_Mission_Indians" title="Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians">Pauma and Yuima Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rincon_Band_of_Luise%C3%B1o_Indians" title="Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians">Rincon Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">San Pasqual Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iipay_Nation_of_Santa_Ysabel" title="Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel">Santa Ysabel Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycuan_Band_of_the_Kumeyaay_Nation" title="Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation">Sycuan Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viejas_Group_of_Capitan_Grande_Band_of_Mission_Indians" title="Viejas Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians">Viejas Reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Bodies of water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chollas_Creek" title="Chollas Creek">Chollas Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay_(San_Diego)" title="Mission Bay (San Diego)">Mission Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otay_River" title="Otay River">Otay River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_River" title="San Diego River">San Diego River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Rey_River" title="San Luis Rey River">San Luis Rey River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margarita_River" title="Santa Margarita River">Santa Margarita River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_Creek_(Southern_California)" title="San Mateo Creek (Southern California)">San Mateo Creek (Southern California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_River_(California)" title="Sweetwater River (California)">Sweetwater River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River" title="Tijuana River">Tijuana River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Sub-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">City of San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(San_Diego_County)" title="South Bay (San Diego County)">South Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Parks and<br />monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Caliente_County_Park" title="Agua Caliente County Park">Agua Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anza-Borrego_Desert_State_Park" title="Anza-Borrego Desert State Park">Anza-Borrego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Field_State_Park" title="Border Field State Park">Border Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_National_Forest" title="Cleveland National Forest">Cleveland Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca_Rancho_State_Park" title="Cuyamaca Rancho State Park">Cuyamaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_San_Diego_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Town San Diego State Historic Park">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomar_Mountain" title="Palomar Mountain">Palomar Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve">Torrey Pines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Diego" title="History of San Diego">History</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Diego" title="Culture of San Diego">Culture</a> <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_San_Diego_County" title="Transportation in San Diego County">Transportation</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Metropolitan_Transit_System" title="San Diego Metropolitan Transit System">MTS</a> <a href="/wiki/North_County_Transit_District" title="North County Transit District">NCTD</a> <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_San_Diego" title="Transportation in San Diego">Roads</a>) <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California#Education" title="San Diego County, California">Education</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Government of San Diego County, California">Government</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_San_Diego_County,_California,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego_County,_California" title="Template:San Diego County, California"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:San_Diego_County,_California" title="Template talk:San Diego County, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:San_Diego_County,_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:San Diego County, California"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_San_Diego_County,_California,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California"><span class="region">San Diego County, California</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego"><span>San Diego</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_California" title="Carlsbad, California">Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Mar,_California" title="Del Mar, California">Del Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encinitas,_California" title="Encinitas, California">Encinitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Beach,_California" title="Imperial Beach, California">Imperial Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa,_California" title="La Mesa, California">La Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Grove,_California" title="Lemon Grove, California">Lemon Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway,_California" title="Poway, California">Poway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_California" title="San Marcos, California">San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santee,_California" title="Santee, California">Santee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solana_Beach,_California" title="Solana Beach, California">Solana Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista,_California" title="Vista, California">Vista</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="San Diego County map"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_California_highlighting_San_Diego_County.svg/87px-Map_of_California_highlighting_San_Diego_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_California_highlighting_San_Diego_County.svg/130px-Map_of_California_highlighting_San_Diego_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_of_California_highlighting_San_Diego_County.svg/174px-Map_of_California_highlighting_San_Diego_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="1054" /></span><figcaption>San Diego County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_California" title="Alpine, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita,_California" title="Bonita, California">Bonita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsall,_California" title="Bonsall, California">Bonsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrego_Springs,_California" title="Borrego Springs, California">Borrego Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bostonia,_California" title="Bostonia, California">Bostonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard,_California" title="Boulevard, California">Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo,_California" title="Campo, California">Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Pendleton_Mainside,_California" title="Camp Pendleton Mainside, California">Camp Pendleton Mainside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Pendleton_South,_California" title="Camp Pendleton South, California">Camp Pendleton South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Oro-Mount_Helix,_California" title="Casa de Oro-Mount Helix, California">Casa de Oro-Mount Helix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest,_California" title="Crest, California">Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Dios,_California" title="Del Dios, California">Del Dios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descanso,_California" title="Descanso, California">Descanso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Forest,_California" title="Elfin Forest, California">Elfin Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_Hills,_California" title="Eucalyptus Hills, California">Eucalyptus Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_Ranch,_California" title="Fairbanks Ranch, California">Fairbanks Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallbrook,_California" title="Fallbrook, California">Fallbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite_Hills,_California" title="Granite Hills, California">Granite Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbison_Canyon,_California" title="Harbison Canyon, California">Harbison Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Grove,_California" title="Harmony Grove, California">Harmony Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Meadows,_California" title="Hidden Meadows, California">Hidden Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacumba_Hot_Springs,_California" title="Jacumba Hot Springs, California">Jacumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamul,_California" title="Jamul, California">Jamul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian,_California" title="Julian, California">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_San_Marcos,_California" title="Lake San Marcos, California">Lake San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside,_California" title="Lakeside, California">Lakeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Presa,_California" title="La Presa, California">La Presa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Laguna,_California" title="Mount Laguna, California">Mount Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala,_California" title="Pala, California">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Valley,_California" title="Pine Valley, California">Pine Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potrero,_California" title="Potrero, California">Potrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow,_California" title="Rainbow, California">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramona,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramona, California">Ramona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_San_Diego,_California" title="Rancho San Diego, California">Rancho San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Santa_Fe,_California" title="Rancho Santa Fe, California">Rancho Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Country_Estates,_California" title="San Diego Country Estates, California">San Diego Country Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Spring Valley, San Diego County, California">Spring Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Center,_California" title="Valley Center, California">Valley Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Gardens,_California" title="Winter Gardens, California">Winter Gardens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4S_Ranch,_California" title="4S Ranch, California">4S Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballena,_California" title="Ballena, California">Ballena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner,_California" title="Banner, California">Banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Oro,_California" title="Casa de Oro, California">Casa de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Luz,_California" title="De Luz, California">De Luz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Luz_Heights,_California" title="De Luz Heights, California">De Luz Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehesa,_California" title="Dehesa, California">Dehesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulzura,_California" title="Dulzura, California">Dulzura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Otay_Mesa,_California" title="East Otay Mesa, California">East Otay Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinn_Springs,_California" title="Flinn Springs, California">Flinn Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Foster, San Diego County, California">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatay,_California" title="Guatay, California">Guatay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesmond_Dene,_California" title="Jesmond Dene, California">Jesmond Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentwood-In-The-Pines,_California" title="Kentwood-In-The-Pines, California">Kentwood-In-The-Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Acres,_California" title="Lincoln Acres, California">Lincoln Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanita,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Manzanita, San Diego County, California">Manzanita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Oak Grove, San Diego County, California">Oak Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotillo_Wells,_California" title="Ocotillo Wells, California">Ocotillo Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Mesa,_California" title="Pala Mesa, California">Pala Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomar_Mountain,_California" title="Palomar Mountain, California">Palomar Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauma_Valley,_California" title="Pauma Valley, California">Pauma Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Hills,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Pine Hills, San Diego County, California">Pine Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchita,_California" title="Ranchita, California">Ranchita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rincon,_California" title="Rincon, California">Rincon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Rey,_Oceanside,_California" title="San Luis Rey, Oceanside, California">San Luis Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ysabel,_California" title="Santa Ysabel, California">Santa Ysabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelter_Valley,_California" title="Shelter Valley, California">Shelter Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecate,_California" title="Tecate, California">Tecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Springs,_California" title="Warner Springs, California">Warner Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynola,_California" title="Wynola, California">Wynola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian<br />reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barona_Group_of_Capitan_Grande_Band_of_Mission_Indians" title="Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians">Barona Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Indian_Reservation" title="Campo Indian Reservation">Campo Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitan_Grande_Reservation" title="Capitan Grande Reservation">Capitan Grande Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewiiaapaayp_Band_of_Kumeyaay_Indians" title="Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians">Ewiiaapaayp Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaja_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">Inaja and Cosmit Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamul_Indian_Village" title="Jamul Indian Village">Jamul Indian Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Band_of_Luiseno_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians">La Jolla Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Posta_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">La Posta Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Coyotes_Band_of_Cahuilla_and_Cupeno_Indians" title="Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians">Los Coyotes Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanita_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">Manzanita Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Grande_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">Mesa Grande Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Indian_Reservation" title="Pala Indian Reservation">Pala Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauma_and_Yuima_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauma and Yuima Indian Reservation">Pauma and Yuima Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rincon_Band_of_Luise%C3%B1o_Indians" title="Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians">Rincon Indian Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Band_of_Diegueno_Mission_Indians" title="San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians">San Pasqual Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iipay_Nation_of_Santa_Ysabel" title="Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel">Santa Ysabel Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycuan_Band_of_the_Kumeyaay_Nation" title="Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation">Sycuan Band Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viejas_Group_of_Capitan_Grande_Band_of_Mission_Indians" title="Viejas Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians">Viejas Reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner,_California" title="Banner, California">Banner City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branson_City,_California" title="Branson City, California">Branson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_City,_California" title="Coleman City, California">Coleman City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca,_California" title="Cuyamaca, California">Cuyamaca City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood,_California" title="Eastwood, California">Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jofegan,_California" title="Jofegan, California">Jofegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Spring_Station" title="Palm Spring Station">Palm Spring Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhe" title="Panhe">Panhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Valle_de_San_Felipe#San_Felipe_Station" title="Rancho Valle de San Felipe">San Felipe Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Pasqual, San Diego County, California">San Pasqual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall, California">Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratton,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratton, California">Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallecito,_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Vallecito, San Diego County, California">Vallecito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:California_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:California (state)"><span>California portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tijuana_Municipality,_Baja_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tijuana_Municipality" title="Template:Tijuana Municipality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tijuana_Municipality" title="Template talk:Tijuana Municipality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tijuana_Municipality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tijuana Municipality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tijuana_Municipality,_Baja_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centro,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro, Tijuana">Centro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Colorado,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerro Colorado, Tijuana">Cerro Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="La Mesa, Tijuana">La Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Presa,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="La Presa, Tijuana">La Presa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otay_Centenario" title="Otay Centenario">Otay Centenario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playas_de_Tijuana" title="Playas de Tijuana">Playas de Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_de_los_Buenos,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio de los Buenos, Tijuana">San Antonio de los Buenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_Taboada,_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sánchez Taboada, Tijuana">Sánchez Taboada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Baja California">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Refugio,_Baja_California" title="El Refugio, Baja California">El Refugio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Delicias,_Baja_California" title="Las Delicias, Baja California">Las Delicias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Joya,_Baja_California" title="La Joya, Baja California">La Joya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3rticos_de_San_Antonio" title="Pórticos de San Antonio">Pórticos de San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrazas_del_Valle" title="Terrazas del Valle">Terrazas del Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Campo,_Baja_California" title="Villa del Campo, Baja California">Villa del Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Prado,_Baja_California" title="Villa del Prado, Baja California">Villa del Prado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_San_Diego" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego" title="Template:San Diego"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:San_Diego" title="Template talk:San Diego"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:San_Diego" title="Special:EditPage/Template:San Diego"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_San_Diego" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/46px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">City of San Diego</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_San_Diego_County" title="List of beaches in San Diego County">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_San_Diego" title="Climate of San Diego">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_headquartered_in_San_Diego" title="List of companies headquartered in San Diego">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Diego" title="Culture of San Diego">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_San_Diego" title="Economy of San Diego">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Diego" title="History of San Diego">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_San_Diego" title="Timeline of San Diego">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_San_Diego" title="Media in San Diego">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_San_Diego" title="List of tallest buildings in San Diego">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_San_Diego" title="List of parks in San Diego">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_San_Diego" title="List of people from San Diego">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_San_Diego" title="Sports in San Diego">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_San_Diego,_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of San Diego"><img alt="Seal of San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/50px-Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/75px-Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/100px-Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Diego" title="Mayor of San Diego">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_City_Attorney" title="San Diego City Attorney">City Attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_City_Council" title="San Diego City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Public_Library" title="San Diego Public Library">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">Port</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_San_Diego" title="List of hospitals in San Diego">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Fire-Rescue_Department" title="San Diego Fire-Rescue Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Police_Department" title="San Diego Police Department">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_San_Diego" title="Crime in San Diego">crime</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_San_Diego" title="Transportation in San Diego">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Metropolitan_Transit_System" title="San Diego Metropolitan Transit System">Metropolitan Transit System</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_MTS_bus_system" title="San Diego MTS bus system">bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley" title="San Diego Trolley">trolley</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_primary_and_secondary_schools_in_San_Diego" title="List of primary and secondary schools in San Diego">List of primary and secondary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Unified_School_District" title="San Diego Unified School District">San Diego USD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronado_Unified_School_District" title="Coronado Unified School District">Coronado USD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway_Unified_School_District" title="Poway Unified School District">Poway USD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido_Union_High_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Escondido Union High School District">Escondido UHSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossmont_Union_High_School_District" title="Grossmont Union High School District">Grossmont UHSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Dieguito_Union_High_School_District" title="San Dieguito Union High School District"> San Dieguito UHSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_Union_High_School_District" title="Sweetwater Union High School District">Sweetwater UHSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido_Union_Elementary_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Escondido Union Elementary School District">Escondido Union ESD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Mar_Union_Elementary_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Del Mar Union Elementary School District"> Del Mar Union ESD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Grove_Elementary_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon Grove Elementary School District">Lemon Grove ESD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Elementary_School_District" title="National Elementary School District"> National ESD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pasqual_Union_Elementary_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pasqual Union Elementary School District (page does not exist)">San Pasqual Union ESD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_School_District" title="San Ysidro School District">San Ysidro ESD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santee_School_District" title="Santee School District">Santee SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solana_Beach_Elementary_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Solana Beach Elementary School District"> Solana Beach ESD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Bay_Union_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Bay Union School District (page does not exist)"> South Bay Union SD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valley_Center-Pauma_Unified_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valley Center-Pauma Unified School District (page does not exist)">Valley Center-Pauma USD</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_San_Diego" title="Category:Universities and colleges in San Diego">Universities and colleges</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minato_School" title="Minato School">Minato School</a> (weekend Japanese school)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tijuana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tijuana" title="Template:Tijuana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tijuana" title="Template talk:Tijuana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tijuana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tijuana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tijuana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of beaches in Tijuana">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Boroughs of Tijuana">Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_President_of_Tijuana" title="Municipal President of Tijuana">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tijuana" title="Timeline of Tijuana">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_metropolitan_area" title="Tijuana metropolitan area">Tijuana metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_television_in_the_San_Diego–Tijuana_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana_Television" title="Template:San Diego–Tijuana Television"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana_Television" title="Template talk:San Diego–Tijuana Television"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana_Television" title="Special:EditPage/Template:San Diego–Tijuana Television"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_television_in_the_San_Diego–Tijuana_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Broadcast television</a> in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Diego–Tijuana</a> metropolitan area</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>KRPE-LD (6.1 <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>)</li> <li>KZTC-LD (7.1 Biz TV, 7.2 <a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">LC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFMB-TV" title="KFMB-TV">KFMB-TV</a> (8.1 <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, 8.2 <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a>/<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNT</a>, 8.3 <a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a>, 8.4 <a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">Crime</a>, 8.5 <a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a>, 8.6 <a href="/wiki/The_Nest_(TV_network)" title="The Nest (TV network)">Nest</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSDX-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KSDX-LD">KSDX-LD</a> (9.1 <a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGTV" title="KGTV">KGTV</a> / <a href="/wiki/KZSD-LD" title="KZSD-LD">KZSD-LD</a> (10.1 <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, 10.2 <a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce</a>, 10.3 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a>, 10.4 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Mystery</a>, 10.5 <a href="/wiki/Scripps_News" title="Scripps News">Scripps</a>, 10.6 <a href="/wiki/Jewelry_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry TV">JTV</a>, 10.7 <a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a>, 10.8 <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPBS_(TV)" title="KPBS (TV)">KPBS</a> (15.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, 15.2 <a href="/wiki/World_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="World (TV channel)">World</a>, 15.3 <a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a>, 15.4 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBNT-CD" title="KBNT-CD">KBNT-CD</a> (17.1 <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">UNI</a>, 17.2 <a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVSD-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KVSD-LD">KVSD-LD</a> (26.1/.3 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a>, 26.2 DS Español)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDTF-LD" title="KDTF-LD">KDTF-LD</a> (36.1 <a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a>, <a href="/wiki/KBNT-CD" title="KBNT-CD">36.17</a> <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">UNI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNSD" title="KNSD">KNSD</a> (39.1 <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, 39.2 <a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi</a>, 39.3 <a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home#Rebrand_as_NBC_American_Crimes" title="NBC LX Home">AmCrimes</a>, 39.4 <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)" title="Oxygen (TV channel)">Oxygen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSKT-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="KSKT-CD">KSKT-CD</a> (43.1 <a href="/wiki/BeIN_Sports_Xtra" class="mw-redirect" title="BeIN Sports Xtra">BeIN Sports Xtra</a>, 43.2 <a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a>, 43.3 <a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a>, 43.4 <a href="/wiki/Buzzr" title="Buzzr">Buzzr</a>, 43.5/6 <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">Ads</a>, 43.7 <a href="/wiki/The365" class="mw-redirect" title="The365">The365</a>, 43.8 <a href="/wiki/Ve_Plus_TV" title="Ve Plus TV">Ve Plus</a>, 43.9 <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw (TV network)">Outlaw</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUAN-LD" title="KUAN-LD">KUAN-LD</a> (48.1 <a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">TMD</a>, 48.2 <a href="/wiki/TeleXitos" title="TeleXitos">TXO</a>)</li> <li>KSDY-LD (50.1 <a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Visi%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Visión">NV</a>, 50.2 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Plus" title="Ion Plus">Ion+</a>, 50.3 <a href="/wiki/Retro_TV" title="Retro TV">Retro</a>, 50.4 Canal de la Fe, 50.5 <a href="/wiki/Heartland_(TV_network)" title="Heartland (TV network)">Heartland</a>, 50.6 <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSI-TV" title="KUSI-TV">KUSI-TV</a> (51.1 <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>, 51.2 <a href="/wiki/Rewind_TV" title="Rewind TV">REW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSWB-TV" title="KSWB-TV">KSWB-TV</a> (69.1 <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>, 69.2 <a href="/wiki/Antenna_TV" title="Antenna TV">ANT</a>, 69.3 <a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court</a>, 69.4 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexican stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHJK-TDT" title="XHJK-TDT">XHJK-TDT</a> (1.1 <a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">Azteca Uno</a>, <a href="/wiki/XHTVM-TDT" title="XHTVM-TDT">1.2</a> ADN 40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHCTTI-TDT" class="mw-redirect" title="XHCTTI-TDT">XHCTTI-TDT</a> (3.1 <a href="/wiki/Imagen_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Imagen Televisión">Imagen</a>, 3.4 <a href="/wiki/Exc%C3%A9lsior_TV" title="Excélsior TV">Excélsior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XETV-TDT" title="XETV-TDT">XETV-TDT</a> (6.1 <a href="/wiki/Canal_5_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 5 (Mexico)">Canal 5</a>, 16.1 <a href="/wiki/Nueve_(Mexican_TV_network)" title="Nueve (Mexican TV network)">Nu9ve</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHCPDE-TDT" title="XHCPDE-TDT">XHCPDE-TDT</a> (11.1 <a href="/wiki/Canal_Once_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal Once (Mexico)">Canal Once</a>, 11.2 <a href="/wiki/Once_Ni%C3%B1as_y_Ni%C3%B1os" title="Once Niñas y Niños">Once Niñas y Niños</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XEWT-TDT" title="XEWT-TDT">XEWT-TDT</a> (12.1 <a href="/wiki/Televisa_Regional" title="Televisa Regional">Televisa Regional</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHUAA-TDT" title="XHUAA-TDT">XHUAA-TDT</a> (19.1 <a href="/wiki/Las_Estrellas" title="Las Estrellas">Las Estrellas</a>, 19.2 <a href="/wiki/Foro_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro (TV channel)">FORO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTIT-TDT" title="XHTIT-TDT">XHTIT-TDT</a> (21.1 <a href="/wiki/Azteca_7" title="Azteca 7">Azteca 7</a>, 21.2 <a href="/wiki/A_M%C3%A1s" title="A Más">a+</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHAS-TDT" title="XHAS-TDT">XHAS-TDT</a> (33.1 <a href="/wiki/XHILA-TDT" title="XHILA-TDT">Canal 66</a>, 33.2 <a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio Televisión</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHBJ-TDT" title="XHBJ-TDT">XHBJ-TDT</a> (45.1/.2 PSN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHDTV-TDT" title="XHDTV-TDT">XHDTV-TDT</a> (49.1 <a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC standards">ATSC 3.0 digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>KRPE-LD (6.1 <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSI-TV" title="KUSI-TV">KUSI-TV</a> (51.1 <a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Ind.</a>, <a href="/wiki/KSWB-TV" title="KSWB-TV">69.1</a> <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a> channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bally_Sports_San_Diego" title="Bally Sports San Diego">Bally Sports San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">UCSD TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YurView_California" title="YurView California">YurView California</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KNSD" title="KNSD">NBC 7 San Diego News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Dark (broadcasting)">Defunct</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>K09YL-D (9.1 <a href="/wiki/Multimedios_Televisi%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimedios Televisión">Multimedios</a>/<a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a>, <a href="/wiki/XHTRES-TDT" title="XHTRES-TDT">9.2</a> CadenaTres, 9.3 <a href="/wiki/Mexicanal" title="Mexicanal">Mexicanal</a>/Imagen, 9.4 PSN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">K35DG-D</a> (35.1 <a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">UCSD TV</a>)</li> <li>KSEX-CD (42.1–.4 <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">Ads</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>California television</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bakersfield_TV" title="Template:Bakersfield TV">Bakersfield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Chico-Redding_TV" title="Template:Chico-Redding TV">Chico–Redding</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Eureka_TV" title="Template:Eureka TV">Eureka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Fresno_TV" title="Template:Fresno TV">Fresno</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:LA_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:LA TV">Los Angeles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Medford_TV" title="Template:Medford TV">Medford OR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monterey_TV" title="Template:Monterey TV">Monterey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Coachella_Valley_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Coachella Valley TV">Inland Empire (Palm Springs)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Reno_TV" title="Template:Reno TV">Reno NV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacramento_TV" title="Template:Sacramento TV">Sacramento</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana_Television" title="Template:San Diego–Tijuana Television">San Diego</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:SF_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:SF TV">San Francisco</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_Coast_TV" title="Template:Central Coast TV">Santa Barbara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_Valley_TV" title="Template:Imperial Valley TV">El Centro CA / Yuma AZ</a></dd></dl> </div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Baja_California" title="List of television stations in Baja California">Baja California television</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_Valley_TV" title="Template:Imperial Valley TV">Mexicali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana_Television" title="Template:San Diego–Tijuana Television">Tijuana / Tecate</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California" title="Template:California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California" title="Template talk:California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_California" title="Outline of California">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_sound" title="California sound">California sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Dream" title="California Dream">California Dream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_California" title="Crime in California">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">agriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_California" title="Districts in California">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_California" title="Healthcare in California">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_California" title="Abortion in California">Abortion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in California">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in California">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in California">National Natural Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">NRHP listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="California protected areas">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_parks" title="List of California state parks">state parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Historical_Landmarks" title="List of California Historical Landmarks">state historic landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Coastal California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay (SF Bay Area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">Eastern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Triangle" title="Emerald Triangle">Emerald Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">Greater San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay (LA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley#San_Francisco_South_Bay" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Border_Region_(California)" title="Southern Border Region (California)">Southern Border Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine Country (California)">Wine Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Fresno–Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento–Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_County,_California" title="Alpine County, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amador_County,_California" title="Amador County, California">Amador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_California" title="Butte County, California">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_County,_California" title="Calaveras County, California">Calaveras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_County,_California" title="Del Norte County, California">Del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_County,_California" title="Lassen County, California">Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariposa_County,_California" title="Mariposa County, California">Mariposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County,_California" title="Modoc County, California">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_County,_California" title="Plumas County, California">Plumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_County,_California" title="Trinity County, California">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_County,_California" title="Tuolumne County, California">Tuolumne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">Most populous<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/16px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/24px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Baja_California&#124;link=Baja_California_State_of_Baja_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baja_California" title="Template:Baja California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baja_California" title="Template talk:Baja California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baja_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baja California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Baja_California&#124;link=Baja_California_State_of_Baja_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California"><img alt="Baja California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Baja_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baja_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Baja_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baja_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Baja_California.svg/46px-Flag_of_Baja_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="293" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">State of Baja California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canto_a_Baja_California" title="Canto a Baja California">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Baja California">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_name_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of the name California">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Baja_California" title="Governor of Baja California">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Territory" title="Baja California Territory">Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Baja_California_Norte" title="Territory of Baja California Norte">North Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_Med" title="Baja Med">Cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baja_California_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Baja_California_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/100px-Baja_California_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Baja_California_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/150px-Baja_California_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Baja_California_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/200px-Baja_California_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Baja_California" title="Ensenada, Baja California">Ensenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosarito" title="Rosarito">Rosarito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe,_Baja_California" title="San Felipe, Baja California">San Felipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Quint%C3%ADn,_Baja_California" title="San Quintín, Baja California">San Quintín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecate" title="Tecate">Tecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">The Californias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_peninsula" title="Baja California peninsula">Baja California peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_desert" title="Baja California desert">Baja California desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Delta" title="Colorado River Delta">Colorado River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Ju%C3%A1rez_and_San_Pedro_M%C3%A1rtir_pine%E2%80%93oak_forests" title="Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests">Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metro areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calexico%E2%80%93Mexicali" title="Calexico–Mexicali">Calexico–Mexicali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_metropolitan_area" title="Tijuana metropolitan area">Tijuana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Baja_California" title="Municipalities of Baja California">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensenada_Municipality" title="Ensenada Municipality">Ensenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Municipality" title="Mexicali Municipality">Mexicali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playas_de_Rosarito_Municipality" title="Playas de Rosarito Municipality">Playas de Rosarito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_Municipality,_Baja_California" title="San Felipe Municipality, Baja California">San Felipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Quint%C3%ADn_Municipality" title="San Quintín Municipality">San Quintín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality" title="Tecate Municipality">Tecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baja_California" title="Category:Baja California">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baja_California_(state)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baja California (state)">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_California_megaregion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Template:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Template talk:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_California_megaregion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern California megaregion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_California_megaregion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/California_megapolitan_areas" title="California megapolitan areas">Southern California megaregion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Metropolitan areas and cities in <i>italics</i> are located outside of California</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Metropolitan Los Angeles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita,_California" title="Santa Clarita, California">Santa Clarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach,_California" title="Huntington Beach, California">Huntington Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Grove,_California" title="Garden Grove, California">Garden Grove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana,_California" title="Fontana, California">Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley,_California" title="Moreno Valley, California">Moreno Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga,_California" title="Rancho Cucamonga, California">Rancho Cucamonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona,_California" title="Corona, California">Corona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Diego–<i>Tijuana</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosarito,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarito, Baja California">Rosarito</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_California" title="Santa Maria, California">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo,_California" title="San Luis Obispo, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><i><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas Valley</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major cities: <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/170px-SoCal_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/255px-SoCal_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SoCal_megaregion.png/340px-SoCal_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="479" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/California_megapolitan_areas" title="California megapolitan areas">Megapolitan areas of California</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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