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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnersteden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnersteden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Partnersteden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnersteden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geboren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geboren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geboren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geboren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kostroma (stad)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 84 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="كوستروما – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوستروما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A0" title="Kostromà – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kostromà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(by)" title="Kostroma (by) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kostroma (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC" title="Κοστρομά – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοστρομά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(Steed)" title="Kostroma (Steed) – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kostroma (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="קוסטרומה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסטרומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosztroma" title="Kosztroma – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kosztroma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Կոստրոմա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոստրոմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Kostroma (città) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kostroma (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E" title="コストロマ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コストロマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88" title="코스트로마 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코스트로마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – West-Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="West-Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Кострома ош – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кострома ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(miasto)" title="Kostroma (miasto) – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kostroma (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوسټروما – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوسټروما" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Inari-Samisch" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(mjasto)" title="Kostroma (mjasto) – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kostroma (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คอสโตรมา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอสโตรมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(shahar)" title="Kostroma (shahar) – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kostroma (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom" title="Kostrom – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kostrom" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="科斯特罗马 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科斯特罗马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <caption class="notheme" style="font-size:large; margin-bottom:0.5em;"><b>Kostroma</b><br /><span lang="ru" title="Russisch">Кострома</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Stad in <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusland (hoofdbetekenis)">Rusland</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kostroma_watchtower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Branduitkijktoren van Kostroma"><img alt="Branduitkijktoren van Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Kostroma_watchtower.jpg/266px-Kostroma_watchtower.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Kostroma_watchtower.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="559" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Branduitkijktoren_van_Kostroma" title="Branduitkijktoren van Kostroma">Branduitkijktoren van Kostroma</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Kostroma_(Kostroma_Oblast).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag"><img alt="Vlag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/110px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/165px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen"><img alt="Wapen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="756" /></a></span></div> <div></div> <div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Locatie in Rusland </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit;" class="center" colspan="2"><div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width: 266px; max-width: 266px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 266px; max-width: 266px;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Russia_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kostroma (Rusland)"><img alt="Kostroma (Rusland)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Russia_edcp_location_map.svg/266px-Russia_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Russia_edcp_location_map.svg/399px-Russia_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Russia_edcp_location_map.svg/532px-Russia_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="637" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 39.475926764716%; left: 15.144337149096%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kostroma"><img alt="Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Situering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_landen_in_2024" title="Lijst van landen in 2024">Land</a> </th> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusland (hoofdbetekenis)">Rusland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Federale_districten_van_Rusland" title="Federale districten van Rusland">Federaal district</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Noordwestelijk_Federaal_District" title="Noordwestelijk Federaal District">Noordwest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Deelgebieden_van_Rusland" title="Deelgebieden van Rusland">Deelgebied</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oblast_Kostroma" title="Oblast Kostroma">oblast Kostroma</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten">Coördinaten</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span id="text_coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=57_046_00_N_40_056_00_E_type:city_scale:25000_region:RU&pagename=Kostroma_(stad)">57° 46′ NB, 40° 56′ OL</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a> </th> <td>144,5 km² </td></tr> <tr> <th>Inwoners <br /><small class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Russische_volkstelling_(2002)" title="Russische volkstelling (2002)">volkstelling 2002</a>)</small> </th> <td>278.750 <br />(1.929,1 inw./km²) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoogte_(geografie)" title="Hoogte (geografie)">Hoogte</a> </th> <td>110 m </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Gebeurtenissen </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gesticht </th> <td>1152 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Stadstatus sinds </th> <td>1719 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Bestuur </th></tr> <tr> <th>In district </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_Kostromskoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District Kostromskoj (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kostromskoj</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Russische_gemeente" title="Russische gemeente">Gemeentevorm</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gorodskoj_okroeg" title="Gorodskoj okroeg">Stedelijk district</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Officiële website </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradkostroma.ru/">gradkostroma.ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Overig </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Postcode" title="Postcode">Postcode</a>(s) </th> <td>156000-29 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Netnummer" title="Netnummer">Netnummer</a>(s) </th> <td>(+7) 4942 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tijdzones_in_Rusland" title="Tijdzones in Rusland">Tijdzone</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Moskoutijd" title="Moskoutijd">MSK</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/OKATO" title="OKATO">OKATO-code</a> </th> <td>34401 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradkostroma.ru">www<wbr />.gradkostroma<wbr />.ru</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Locatie in oblast Kostroma </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="width: 263px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kostroma (stad) (oblast Kostroma)"><img alt="Kostroma (stad) (oblast Kostroma)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg/260px-Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg/390px-Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg/520px-Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4476" data-file-height="3131" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 79%; left: 9.4%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kostroma (stad)"><img alt="Kostroma (stad)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" colspan="2"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Rusland" title="Portaal:Rusland">Rusland</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kostrom<u>a</u></b> (<a href="/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch">Russisch</a>: Кострома) is een historische stad in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Bestuurlijk_centrum" title="Bestuurlijk centrum">bestuurlijk centrum</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Kostroma" title="Oblast Kostroma">oblast Kostroma</a>. De stad ligt in de <a href="/wiki/Gouden_Ring_van_Rusland" title="Gouden Ring van Rusland">Gouden Ring</a> op 330 kilometer ten noordoosten van <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> en 65 kilometer ten oosten van <a href="/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl">Jaroslavl</a>. Kostroma ligt aan samenloop van de rivieren <a href="/wiki/Wolga" title="Wolga">Wolga</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_(rivier)" title="Kostroma (rivier)">Kostroma</a> in het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laagland_van_Kostroma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laagland van Kostroma (de pagina bestaat niet)">Laagland van Kostroma</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kostroma ontstond mogelijk in <a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a> door toedoen van <a href="/wiki/Joeri_Dolgoroeki" title="Joeri Dolgoroeki">Joeri Dolgoroeki</a> (George I van Rusland), maar wordt voor het eerst genoemd in een kroniek uit <a href="/wiki/1213" title="1213">1213</a>. Net als andere steden van het <a href="/wiki/Kievse_Rijk" title="Kievse Rijk">Kievse Rijk</a> werd ook Kostroma geplunderd door de <a href="/wiki/Mongoolse_Rijk" title="Mongoolse Rijk">Mongolen</a> in <a href="/wiki/1238" title="1238">1238</a>. Kostroma was toen een vorstendom onder leiding van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasili_van_Kostroma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasili van Kostroma (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vasili <i>de Dronkaard</i></a>, een jongere broer van de beroemde <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevski_(grootvorst)" title="Alexander Nevski (grootvorst)">Alexander Nevski</a>. Nadat hij de titel van <a href="/wiki/Grootvorst" title="Grootvorst">grootvorst</a> had aangenomen in 1271, trok hij niet naar <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(stad)" title="Vladimir (stad)">Vladimir</a> en hij en zijn nakomelingen regeerden Kostroma voor nog ongeveer een halve eeuw, alvorens de stad werd gekocht door <a href="/wiki/Ivan_I_van_Moskovi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan I van Moskovië">Ivan I van Moskovië</a>. </p><p>Kostroma was een van de noordelijkste steden van <a href="/wiki/Grootvorstendom_Moskou" title="Grootvorstendom Moskou">Moskovië</a> en diende als zodanig als een plek waar de grootvorsten zich terugtrokken als hun vijanden Moskou weer eens belegerden (in 1382, 1408 en 1433). In <a href="/wiki/1375" title="1375">1375</a> werd de stad geplunderd door de <a href="/wiki/Oesjkoejniks" title="Oesjkoejniks">oesjkoejnikpiraten</a> uit <a href="/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod">Veliki Novgorod</a> en zo zwaar verwoest (tot de grond afgebrand) dat de stad moest worden verplaatst. De stad werd ook regelmatig verwoest door deze piraten, <a href="/wiki/Polen-Litouwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Polen-Litouwen">Pools-Litouwse troepen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wolga-Tataren" title="Wolga-Tataren">Wolga-Tataren</a>. In de <a href="/wiki/16e_eeuw" title="16e eeuw">16e eeuw</a> maakte de stad een spectaculaire groei door, die kan worden toegeschreven aan de vestiging van handelsrelaties met Hollandse en Engelse handelaren (van de <a href="/wiki/Muscovy_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscovy Company">Muscovy Company</a>) door de noordelijke haven <a href="/wiki/Archangelsk" title="Archangelsk">Archangelsk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godoenov" title="Boris Godoenov">Boris Godoenov</a> liet hier het <a href="/wiki/Ipatjev-klooster" title="Ipatjev-klooster">Ipatjev-klooster</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Driekoningenklooster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Driekoningenklooster (de pagina bestaat niet)">Driekoningenkloosters</a> herbouwen van steen. De bouwwerkzaamheden waren nog maar net beëindigd, toen de <a href="/wiki/Tijd_der_Troebelen" title="Tijd der Troebelen">Tijd der Troebelen</a> aanbrak. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Huis_Romanov" title="Huis Romanov">Romanovtsaren</a> beschouwden Kostroma als hun speciale protectoraat. Het Ipatievklooster werd begin 14e eeuw gegrondvest door een voorouder van Godoenov en werd door velen van de Romanovfamilie bezocht, inclusief de laatste tsaar <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_II_van_Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolaas II van Rusland">Nikolaas II</a>. In 1652 lieten de Romanovs de <a href="/wiki/Ipatjev-klooster" title="Ipatjev-klooster">Drie-eenheidskathedraal</a> herbouwen, waarvan de <a href="/wiki/Fresco_(schilderterm)" title="Fresco (schilderterm)">fresco's</a> en <a href="/wiki/Icoon_(religieuze_kunst)" title="Icoon (religieuze kunst)">iconen</a> als zeer prachtig worden beschouwd. In het klooster bevindt zich nog altijd het houten huis van <a href="/wiki/Micha%C3%ABl_I_van_Rusland" title="Michaël I van Rusland">Michaël Romanov</a>, de eerste Romanovtsaar, die in dit klooster werd gekroond. Er bevinden zich ook verschillende oude houten bouwwerken, die uit verschillende delen van oblast Kostroma naar de muren van het klooster zijn bijeengebracht. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a> werd Kostroma verwoest door een grote brand. Nadien werd de stad herbouwd, waarbij de straten uiteenlopen vanaf een punt bij de rivier. Volgens een legende zou keizerin <a href="/wiki/Catharina_de_Grote" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharina de Grote">Catharina de Grote</a> haar waaier op de kaart hebben laten vallen, waarna ze de <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architecten</a> opdracht gaf om haar ontwerp uit te voeren. Kostroma wordt gezien als een van de best bewaard gebleven voorbeelden van 18e-eeuwse stadsplanning en heeft een aantal gebouwen in de zogenaamde "provinciale <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicisme" title="Neoclassicisme">neoclassicistische</a>" stijl. Hieronder vallen een paleis van de <a href="/wiki/Gouverneur" title="Gouverneur">gouverneur</a>, een brandtoren, een <a href="/wiki/Rotonde_(gebouw)" title="Rotonde (gebouw)">rotonde</a> aan de oever van de Wolga en een <a href="/wiki/Gostiny_Dvor" title="Gostiny Dvor">Gostiny Dvor</a> (centrale markt met zuilengalerij) en een kerk van de handelaren in het midden. </p><p>In de 17e en 18e eeuw werd Kostroma een belangrijk centrum voor de <a href="/wiki/Textiel" title="Textiel">textiel</a> en het grootste centrum van Rusland voor kleren, gemaakt uit <a href="/wiki/Vlas_(gewas)" title="Vlas (gewas)">vlas</a>. In 1719 werd de stad onderdeel van <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_Moskou" title="Gouvernement Moskou">gouvernement Moskou</a> en in 1778 werd het een provinciestad. In 1796 werd Kostroma het bestuurlijk centrum van de <a href="/wiki/Namestnik" title="Namestnik">namestnitsjestvo</a> Kostroma. In 1929 werd het <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_Kostroma" title="Gouvernement Kostroma">gouvernement Kostroma</a> opgeheven, waarna de stad achtereenvolgens onderdeel werd van <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Ivanovo" title="Oblast Ivanovo">oblast Ivanovo</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oblast_Jaroslavl" title="Oblast Jaroslavl">oblast Jaroslavl</a>. In 1944 werd Kostroma uiteindelijk het bestuurlijk centrum van oblast Kostroma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Demografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Bevolkingsontwikkeling</caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1897</th><th>1926</th><th>1939</th><th>1959</th><th>1970</th><th>1979</th><th>1989</th><th>2002</th> </tr><tr class="ta-center"> <td>41.000</td><td>72.300</td><td>121.000</td><td>172.000</td><td>223.000</td><td>254.700</td><td>278.414</td><td>278.750</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnersteden">Partnersteden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Partnersteden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Partnersteden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durham_(Engeland)" title="Durham (Engeland)">Durham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_(North_Carolina)" title="Durham (North Carolina)">Durham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyama_(stad)" title="Toyama (stad)">Toyama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geboren">Geboren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geboren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geboren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jelizaveta_Dementjeva" title="Jelizaveta Dementjeva">Jelizaveta Dementjeva</a> (1928-2022), kanovaarster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Goloebev" title="Aleksandr Goloebev">Aleksandr Goloebev</a> (1972), langebaanschaatser</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasiljev" title="Ivan Vasiljev">Ivan Vasiljev</a> (1984), Russisch triatleet</li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Кострома">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" 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.navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Gouden_Ring_van_Rusland"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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title="Gorochovets">Gorochovets</a> · <a href="/wiki/Goes-Chroestalny" title="Goes-Chroestalny">Goes-Chroestalny</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl">Jaroslavl</a> · <a href="/wiki/Joerjev-Polski" title="Joerjev-Polski">Joerjev-Polski</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaljazin" title="Kaljazin">Kaljazin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kideksja" title="Kideksja">Kideksja</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostroma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moerom" title="Moerom">Moerom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moskou_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskou (hoofdbetekenis)">Moskou</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oeglitsj" title="Oeglitsj">Oeglitsj</a> · <a href="/wiki/Palech" title="Palech">Palech</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pereslavl-Zalesski" title="Pereslavl-Zalesski">Pereslavl-Zalesski</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pljos_(stad)" title="Pljos (stad)">Pljos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rostov_Veliki" title="Rostov Veliki">Rostov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rybinsk" title="Rybinsk">Rybinsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sergiev_Posad" title="Sergiev Posad">Sergiev Posad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soezdal" title="Soezdal">Soezdal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toetajev" title="Toetajev">Toetajev</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(stad)" title="Vladimir (stad)">Vladimir</a> </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&oldid=67449901">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_(stad)&oldid=67449901</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Kostroma" title="Categorie:Kostroma">Kostroma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Hoofdstad_van_een_deelgebied_in_Rusland" title="Categorie:Hoofdstad van een deelgebied in Rusland">Hoofdstad van een deelgebied in Rusland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Co%C3%B6rdinaten_op_Wikidata" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Coördinaten op Wikidata">Wikipedia:Coördinaten op Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 apr 2024 om 21:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing 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