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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Kostroma" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Kostroma" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Under_Rurikidene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_Rurikidene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Under Rurikidene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_Rurikidene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanov-tiden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanov-tiden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Romanov-tiden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanov-tiden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Severdigheter_og_landemerker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Severdigheter_og_landemerker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Severdigheter og landemerker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Severdigheter_og_landemerker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Næringsliv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Næringsliv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Næringsliv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Næringsliv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vennskapsbyer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vennskapsbyer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vennskapsbyer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vennskapsbyer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kostroma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 84 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(by)" title="Kostroma (by) – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kostroma (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="كوستروما – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوستروما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A0" title="Kostromà – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kostromà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC" title="Κοστρομά – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοστρομά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Кострома ош – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кострома ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88" title="코스트로마 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코스트로마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Կոստրոմա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոստրոմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Kostroma (città) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kostroma (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="קוסטרומה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסטרומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosztroma" title="Kosztroma – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kosztroma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(stad)" title="Kostroma (stad) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kostroma (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E" title="コストロマ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コストロマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(Steed)" title="Kostroma (Steed) – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kostroma (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(shahar)" title="Kostroma (shahar) – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kostroma (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوسټروما – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوسټروما" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(miasto)" title="Kostroma (miasto) – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kostroma (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(mjasto)" title="Kostroma (mjasto) – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kostroma (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คอสโตรมา – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอสโตรมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – udmurtisk" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom" title="Kostrom – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kostrom" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="科斯特罗马 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科斯特罗马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Kostroma&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kostroma"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div 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href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=no&pagename=Kostroma&params=57.768055555556_N_40.926944444444_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kart, flyfoto og andre data for dette stedet"><span class="latitude">57°46′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">40°55′37″Ø</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24829246">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;color:black;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks geografi bred"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Kostroma</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ipatiev02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ipatiev02.jpg/250px-Ipatiev02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ipatiev02.jpg/375px-Ipatiev02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ipatiev02.jpg/500px-Ipatiev02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"><table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"> <p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Kostroma_(Kostroma_Oblast).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flagg"><img alt="Flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/143px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/215px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/285px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </td><td style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"> <p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Våpen"><img alt="Våpen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="756" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Land</th><td colspan="2"><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland"><img alt="Russlands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Grunnlagt</th><td colspan="2">1152 (Julian)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Postnummer</th><td colspan="2">156000–156029</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Retningsnummer</th><td colspan="2">4942</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Areal" title="Areal">Areal</a></th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">144,5</span> km²</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Befolkning" title="Befolkning">Befolkning</a></th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">267 481</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-61c5e60f29a334ac633ed2f369539ff623eb595b-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-61c5e60f29a334ac633ed2f369539ff623eb595b-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small><i>(2021)</i></small> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Befolkningstetthet" title="Befolkningstetthet">Bef.tetthet</a></th><td colspan="2">1 851,08 <a href="/wiki/Innbygger" title="Innbygger">innb.</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Meter_over_havet" title="Meter over havet">Høyde o.h.</a></th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">110</span> meter </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nettside" title="Nettside">Nettside</a></th><td colspan="2"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradkostroma.ru">www<wbr />.gradkostroma<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr><tr class="border-top rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><div style="clear:both"></div></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="8" data-lat="57.768055555556" data-lon="40.926944444444" data-lang="local" data-overlays="["_83dda1f0fa13e8d1f30d9b4f77753aa259eae459"]" href="/wiki/Spesial:Map/8/57.768055555556/40.926944444444"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,57.768055555556,40.926944444444,290x290.png?lang=local&domain=no.wikipedia.org&title=Kostroma&revid=23731312&groups=_83dda1f0fa13e8d1f30d9b4f77753aa259eae459" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,57.768055555556,40.926944444444,290x290@2x.png?lang=local&domain=no.wikipedia.org&title=Kostroma&revid=23731312&groups=_83dda1f0fa13e8d1f30d9b4f77753aa259eae459 2x" alt="Kart" /></a><br />Kostroma<br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=no&pagename=Kostroma&params=57.768055555556_N_40.926944444444_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kart, flyfoto og andre data for dette stedet"><span class="latitude">57°46′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">40°55′37″Ø</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kostroma" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kostroma">Kostroma på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kostroma_FireLlookoutTower_110_0130.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kostroma_FireLlookoutTower_110_0130.jpg/250px-Kostroma_FireLlookoutTower_110_0130.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kostroma_FireLlookoutTower_110_0130.jpg/375px-Kostroma_FireLlookoutTower_110_0130.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kostroma_FireLlookoutTower_110_0130.jpg/500px-Kostroma_FireLlookoutTower_110_0130.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5067" data-file-height="3356" /></a><figcaption>Brannvakttårn i Kostroma (1825-28).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ipatiev_Monastery_from_Volga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ipatiev_Monastery_from_Volga.jpg/250px-Ipatiev_Monastery_from_Volga.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ipatiev_Monastery_from_Volga.jpg/375px-Ipatiev_Monastery_from_Volga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ipatiev_Monastery_from_Volga.jpg/500px-Ipatiev_Monastery_from_Volga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4252" data-file-height="2835" /></a><figcaption>Ipatievklosteret</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kostroma-resurrection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/250px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/375px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/500px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3319" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>Oppstandelseskirken (1652) er et fremragende eksempel på russisk 1600-tallskunst (Bilde fra 1910)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kostroma_Ipatiev_Monastery_Trinity_Cathedral_IMG_0662_1725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kostroma_Ipatiev_Monastery_Trinity_Cathedral_IMG_0662_1725.jpg/250px-Kostroma_Ipatiev_Monastery_Trinity_Cathedral_IMG_0662_1725.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kostroma_Ipatiev_Monastery_Trinity_Cathedral_IMG_0662_1725.jpg/375px-Kostroma_Ipatiev_Monastery_Trinity_Cathedral_IMG_0662_1725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kostroma_Ipatiev_Monastery_Trinity_Cathedral_IMG_0662_1725.jpg/500px-Kostroma_Ipatiev_Monastery_Trinity_Cathedral_IMG_0662_1725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption>Åpenbaringskatedralen i Ipatievklosteret</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kostroma</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk">russisk</a>: Кострома́) er en historisk by i det sentrale <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Administrativt_senter" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrativt senter">administrativt senter</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_oblast" title="Kostroma oblast">Kostroma oblast</a>. Den ligger ved samløpet av elvene <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_(elv)" title="Kostroma (elv)">Kostroma</a>, 65 km øst for <a href="/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl">Jaroslavl</a>. Innbyggertall: 278 750 (folketelling 2002), 278 414 (folketelling 1989). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Rurikidene">Under Rurikidene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Under Rurikidene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Under Rurikidene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Byen blir første gang nevnt i krønikene for året <a href="/wiki/1213" title="1213">1213</a>, men historikerne tror den kan ha blitt grunnlagt av <a href="/wiki/Jurij_Dolgorukij" title="Jurij Dolgorukij">Jurij Dolgorukij</a> mer enn et halvt århundre tidligere. I likhet med andre byer i <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir-Suzdal</a> ble Kostroma plyndret av <a href="/wiki/Mongolene" title="Mongolene">mongolene</a> i <a href="/wiki/1238" title="1238">1238</a>. Den var da et lite fyrstedømme under ledelse av fyrst <a href="/wiki/Vasilij_av_Kostroma" title="Vasilij av Kostroma">Vasilij av Kostroma</a>, en yngre bror av den berømte <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Nevskij" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Nevskij">Aleksander Nevskij</a>. Vasilij arvet storfyrsttittelen i 1271, men han forlot ikke byen for <a href="/wiki/Vladimir" title="Vladimir">Vladimir</a>, og hans etterkommere styrte Kostroma i ennå et halvt århundre, til byen ble kjøpt av <a href="/wiki/Ivan_I_av_Russland" title="Ivan I av Russland">Ivan I av Moskva</a>. </p><p>Ettersom Kostroma var en av de nordligste byene i <a href="/wiki/Storfyrsted%C3%B8mmet_Moskva" title="Storfyrstedømmet Moskva">Storfyrstedømmet Moskva</a>, fungerte den ofte som et retrettsted for storfyrstene når fiender beleiret <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>, så som i 1382, 1408 og 1433. I 1375 ble byen plyndret av pirater fra <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> («<a href="/w/index.php?title=Usjkujniki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usjkujniki (ikke skrevet ennå)">usjkujniki</a>»). Byens spektakulære vekst på <a href="/wiki/1500-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1500-tallet">1500-tallet</a> kan tilskrives etablering av handelsforbindelser med engelske og nederlandske handelsmenn (<a href="/wiki/Det_moskovittiske_kompani" title="Det moskovittiske kompani">Det moskovittiske kompani</a>) gjennom havnebyen <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Kvitsj%C3%B8en" title="Kvitsjøen">Kvitsjøen</a>. </p><p>Det var på denne tid at <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Boris Godunov</a> gjenoppbygde Ipatiev- og Åpenbaringsklostrene i stein. Byggearbeidene ble avsluttet like før byen ble vitne til noen av de mest dramatiske hendelsene i <a href="/wiki/Russlands_urolige_tider" class="mw-redirect" title="Russlands urolige tider">Russlands urolige tider</a>. Kostroma ble to ganger herjet av polakkene, og det måtte en seks måneder lang beleiring til for å få fjernet dem fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipatievklosteret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipatievklosteret (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ipatievklosteret</a>. Den heltemodige bonden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Susanin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Susanin (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ivan Susanin</a> ble et symbol på byens motstand mot fremmede inntrengere, og flere monumenter over han kan ses i Kostroma i dag. Den fremtidige tsaren <a href="/wiki/Mikael_av_Russland" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikael av Russland">Mikael Romanov</a> bodde også i klosteret. Det var her at en utsending fra Moskva tilbød han Russlands krone i <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanov-tiden">Romanov-tiden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Romanov-tiden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Romanov-tiden"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er forståelig at <a href="/wiki/Romanovdynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanovdynastiet">Romanov-tsarene</a> betraktet Kostroma som sitt spesielle protektorat. Ipatievklosteret ble besøkt av mange av dem, inkludert <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_II_av_Russland" title="Nikolaj II av Russland">Nikolai II</a>, den siste russiske tsar. Klosteret ble grunnlagt tidlig på <a href="/wiki/1300-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1300-tallet">1300-tallet</a> av en tatarfyrste, en av Godunov-familiens aner. Romanov-tsarene bygde om den storslåtte Treenighetskatedralen i 1652, og dens <a href="/wiki/Freske" class="mw-redirect" title="Freske">fresker</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ikonostas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikonostas">ikonostaser</a> er særdeles vakre. Et trehus av Mikael Romanov er fremdeles bevart i klosteret. Flere gamle trebygninger er også blitt transportert til klosteret fra fjerne distrikter i <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_oblast" title="Kostroma oblast">Kostroma oblast</a>. </p><p>I 1773 ble Kostroma ødelagt av en stor brann. Etter brannen ble byen gjenoppbygd etter en ny byplan, hvor gatene strålte ut fra et sentralt sted ved elva. Det sies at byplanen ble til ved at <a href="/wiki/Katarina_II_av_Russland" title="Katarina II av Russland">keiserinne Katarina</a> slapp viften sin ned på bykartet, og ba arkitektene følge hennes design. Kostroma er et av de best bevarte eksemplene på 1700-tallets <a href="/wiki/Byplanlegging" title="Byplanlegging">byplanlegging</a>, og i byen finnes fortsatt elegante bygninger i en <a href="/wiki/Nyklassisime" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyklassisime">«provinsiell nyklassisistisk»</a> stil. Blant disse guvernørpalasset, et brannvakttårn, en rotunde ved Volga, og et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gostinyj_Dvor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gostinyj Dvor (ikke skrevet ennå)">sentralt marked overbygd med bueganger</a>, med en kirke for handelsmenn i midten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Severdigheter_og_landemerker">Severdigheter og landemerker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Severdigheter og landemerker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Severdigheter og landemerker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den femkuplede Åpenbaringskatedralen, bygget i 1559-65, var den første steinbygningen i byen. Dens middelalder<a href="/wiki/Freske" class="mw-redirect" title="Freske">fresker</a> er senere blitt ødelagt i en brann. Katedralen huser byens mest dyrebare relikvie, et <a href="/wiki/Bysantinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bysantinsk">bysantinsk</a> <a href="/wiki/Ikon_(kristendom)" title="Ikon (kristendom)">ikon</a> fra <a href="/wiki/900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="900-tallet">900-tallet</a> kalt <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A5r_Frue_av_St._Theodor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vår Frue av St. Theodor (ikke skrevet ennå)">Vår Frue av St. Theodor</a> (russisk: Федоровская Богоматерь – <i>Fedorovskaja Bogomater</i>). Det var med dette ikonet at Mikael Romanov ble velsignet av sin mor før han dro til Moskva for å kreve den russiske tronen. Det sies at like før den <a href="/wiki/Russiske_revolusjon" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiske revolusjon">russiske revolusjon</a> i 1917 ble ikonet så svart at bildet knapt var synlig. Dette ble tolket som et dårlig tegn for Romanovdynastiet. </p><p>Ipatievklosteret har overlevd stort sett intakt til i dag, med sine murer og tårn fra 1500-tallet, klokketårn, og <a href="/wiki/Katedral" title="Katedral">katedralen</a> fra 1600-tallet. Bortsett fra klostrene ble de fleste av byens kirker enten ombygd eller revet i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">sovjettiden</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Næringsliv"><span id="N.C3.A6ringsliv"></span>Næringsliv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Næringsliv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Næringsliv"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Byens hovedvirksomheter er tekstilindustri, lysindustri, bildeler, treforedling og jordbruksrettet virksomhet, som baserer seg på de lite industrielt utviklede landdistriktene i oblasten. En av Russlands viktigste mineralvannskilder ligger i Kostroma oblast. I Krasnoje-na-Volga, rundt 70 km unna, ligger et <a href="/wiki/Juvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvel">juvelerkombinat</a>. </p><p>I 1983 begynte byggingen av et <a href="/wiki/Kjernekraftverk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjernekraftverk">kjernekraftverk</a> av RBMK-typen. Etter <a href="/wiki/Tsjernobyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsjernobyl">Tsjernobyl</a>-katastrofen ble byggearbeidet stanset. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_lufthavn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostroma lufthavn (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kostroma lufthavn</a> ligger rundt 6 km nordøst for byen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vennskapsbyer">Vennskapsbyer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vennskapsbyer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vennskapsbyer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland"><img alt="Tysklands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia"><img alt="Storbritannias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Durham_(England)" title="Durham (England)">Durham</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USAs flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Durham_(Nord-Carolina)" title="Durham (Nord-Carolina)">Durham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Carolina" title="Nord-Carolina">Nord-Carolina</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japans flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toyama_(Toyama)" title="Toyama (Toyama)">Toyama</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finlands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hyvinge" title="Hyvinge">Hyvinge</a></li> <li><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegros flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="russisk">(ru)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradkostroma.ru">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2592?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kostroma" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kostroma">Kostroma</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2592?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Кострома">Кострома</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2592?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mykostroma.ru/">Nettsted for Kostroma</a> (russisk)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsmyslov.narod.ru/GOLDEN/kostroma.html">Kostromas historie og severdigheter</a> (russisk)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waytorussia.net/GoldenRing/Kostroma/KostromaMap.html">Bykart</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Gus-Khrustalnyj">Gus-Khrustalnyj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl">Jaroslavl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurjev-Polskij" title="Jurjev-Polskij">Jurjev-Polskij</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kideksja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kideksja (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kideksja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palekh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palekh (ikke skrevet ennå)">Palekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereslavl-Zalesskij" title="Pereslavl-Zalesskij">Pereslavl-Zalesskij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pljos" title="Pljos">Pljos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov" title="Rostov">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergijev_Posad" title="Sergijev Posad">Sergijev Posad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzdal" title="Suzdal">Suzdal</a></li> <li><a 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class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Kostroma_-_by">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Kostroma">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kostroma-Russia">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130193679/">VIAF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4357056-2">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81046921">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974209x">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974209x">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129650">NKC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geonames.org/543878">GeoNames</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3c8ab119-72a0-4132-935f-2b441f457137">MusicBrainz</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-61c5e60f29a334ac633ed2f369539ff623eb595b-v2-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-61c5e60f29a334ac633ed2f369539ff623eb595b-v2_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> (på ru) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx"><i>Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года (по состоянию на 1 октября 2021 года)</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126684906" class="extiw" title="d:Q126684906">Q126684906</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%28%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+2021+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2Ftab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kostroma"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    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