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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organised dissenting groups (17th century) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organised_dissenting_groups_(17th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anabaptists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anabaptists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Anabaptists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anabaptists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baptists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baptists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Baptists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baptists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barrowists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barrowists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Barrowists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barrowists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behmenists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behmenists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Behmenists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behmenists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brownists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brownists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Brownists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brownists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diggers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diggers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Diggers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diggers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enthusiasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enthusiasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Enthusiasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enthusiasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Familists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Familists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Familists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Familists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Monarchists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Monarchists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Fifth Monarchists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Monarchists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grindletonians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grindletonians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Grindletonians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grindletonians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levellers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levellers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Levellers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levellers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Methodists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muggletonians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muggletonians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Muggletonians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muggletonians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puritans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puritans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Puritans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puritans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philadelphians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philadelphians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Philadelphians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philadelphians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>Quakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plymouth_Brethren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plymouth_Brethren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>Plymouth Brethren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plymouth_Brethren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>Ranters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sabbatarians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sabbatarians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>Sabbatarians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabbatarians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seekers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seekers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>Seekers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seekers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socinians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socinians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>Socinians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socinians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 18th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rational_Dissenters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rational_Dissenters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rational Dissenters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rational_Dissenters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedenborgians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedenborgians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Swedenborgians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedenborgians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissenting_groups_continuing_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissenting_groups_continuing_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dissenting groups continuing today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissenting_groups_continuing_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaj_disidentoj" title="Anglaj disidentoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anglaj disidentoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissidents_anglais" title="Dissidents anglais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dissidents anglais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%90%EB%8F%84" title="비국교도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비국교도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengingkar_Inggris" title="Pengingkar Inggris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengingkar Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissidentes_Anglesi" title="Dissidentes Anglesi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Dissidentes Anglesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissenzienti_inglesi" title="Dissenzienti inglesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dissenzienti inglesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angol_disszenterek" title="Angol disszenterek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angol disszenterek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelse_dissenters" title="Engelse dissenters – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engelse dissenters" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92_(%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9)" title="非国教徒 (イギリス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="非国教徒 (イギリス)" 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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href="/wiki/File:Catalogue_of_Sects.GIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Catalogue_of_Sects.GIF/250px-Catalogue_of_Sects.GIF" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Catalogue_of_Sects.GIF/375px-Catalogue_of_Sects.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Catalogue_of_Sects.GIF/500px-Catalogue_of_Sects.GIF 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption><i>A Catalogue of the Severall Sects and Opinions in England and other Nations: With a briefe Rehearsall of their false and dangerous Tenents</i>, a propaganda <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> denouncing English dissenters from 1647.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>English Dissenters</b> or <b>English Separatists</b> were <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> who separated from the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> in the 17th and 18th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English Dissenters <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">opposed state interference in religious matters</a> and founded their own churches, <a href="/wiki/Dissenting_academies" title="Dissenting academies">educational establishments</a><sup id="cite_ref-IP58_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IP58-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and communities. They tended to see the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">established church</a> as too <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, but did not agree on what should be done about it. </p><p>Some separatists emigrated to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, especially to the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1763%E2%80%931867)" title="History of Canada (1763–1867)">Canada</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brownists" title="Brownists">Brownists</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>. English dissenters played a pivotal role in <a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="History of religion in the United States">the spiritual development of the United States</a> and greatly diversified the religious landscape. They originally agitated for a wide-reaching Protestant Reformation of the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">established</a> Church of England, and they flourished briefly during <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">the Protectorate</a> under <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James I</a> had said "no bishop, no king", emphasising the role of the clergy in justifying royal legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cromwell capitalised on that phrase, abolishing both upon founding the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">restoration of the monarchy</a> in 1660, the <a href="/wiki/Episcopacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopacy">episcopacy</a> was reinstalled, and the rights of the Dissenters were limited: the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Uniformity_1662" title="Act of Uniformity 1662">Act of Uniformity 1662</a> required <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a> for all clergy, and many instead withdrew from the state church. These ministers and their followers came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformists</a>, though originally this term referred to <a href="/wiki/Vestments_controversy" title="Vestments controversy">refusal to use certain vestments</a> and ceremonies of the Church of England, rather than separation from it. </p><p>Certain denominations of Dissenter Christians gained prominence throughout the world, including the <a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>, Puritans (<a href="/wiki/Congregationalism" title="Congregationalism">Congregationalists</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organised_dissenting_groups_(17th_century)"><span id="Organised_dissenting_groups_.2817th_century.29"></span>Organised dissenting groups (17th century)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organised dissenting groups (17th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In existence during the <a href="/wiki/English_Interregnum" class="mw-redirect" title="English Interregnum">English Interregnum</a> (1649–1660): </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anabaptists">Anabaptists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anabaptists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Anabaptism" title="British Anabaptism">British Anabaptism</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></i> (literally, "baptised again") was a term given to those <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> Christians who rejected the notion of <a href="/wiki/Infant_baptism" title="Infant baptism">infant baptism</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Believer%27s_baptism" title="Believer's baptism">believer's baptism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anabaptist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anabaptist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally assumed that during the Interregnum, the <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> and other dissenting groups absorbed the British Anabaptists. Despite this, evidence suggests that the early relations between Baptists and Anabaptists were quite strained. In 1624, the five existing Baptist churches of London issued an <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathema</a> against the Anabaptists.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even today there is still very little dialogue between Anabaptist organisations (such as the <a href="/wiki/Mennonite_World_Conference" title="Mennonite World Conference">Mennonite World Conference</a>) and the Baptist bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baptists">Baptists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Baptists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baptists#Origins" title="Baptists">Baptists § Origins</a></div> <p>Baptist historian Bruce Gourley outlines four main views of Baptist origins: </p> <ul><li>The modern scholarly consensus that the movement traces its origin to the 17th century via the English Separatists.</li> <li>The view that it was an outgrowth of the Anabaptist movement of believer's baptism begun in 1525 on the European continent.</li> <li>The perpetuity view, which assumes that the Baptist <i>faith and practice</i> has existed since the time of Christ.</li> <li>The successionist view, or "<a href="/wiki/Baptist_successionism" title="Baptist successionism">Baptist successionism</a>", which argues that Baptist <i>churches</i> actually existed in an unbroken chain since the time of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourley_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barrowists">Barrowists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Barrowists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Barrowe" title="Henry Barrowe">Henry Barrowe</a> maintained the right and duty of the church to carry out necessary reforms without awaiting the permission of the civil power; and advocated congregational independence. He regarded the whole established church order as polluted by the <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> and insisted on separation as essential to pure worship and discipline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behmenists">Behmenists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Behmenists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme#Behmenism" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme § Behmenism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boehmian_theosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boehmian theosophy">Boehmian theosophy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boehme_Portrait_1730.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Boehme_Portrait_1730.jpeg/220px-Boehme_Portrait_1730.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Boehme_Portrait_1730.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Idealized portrait of Böhme from <i>Theosophia Revelata</i> (1730)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Behmenists religious movement began on continental Europe and took its ideas from the writings of <a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a> (<i>Behmen</i> being one of the adaptations of his name used in England), a <a href="/wiki/German_mystic" class="mw-redirect" title="German mystic">German mystic</a> and theosopher who claimed divine <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1640s his works appeared in England, and English Behmenists developed. Eventually, some of these merged with the <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> of the time. </p><p>Böhme's writings primarily concerned the nature of <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evil" title="Evil">evil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Redemption_(theology)" title="Redemption (theology)">redemption</a>. Consistent with <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> theology, Böhme believed that humanity had fallen from a state of divine grace into a state of sin and suffering, that the forces of evil included fallen angels who had rebelled against God, and subsequently that God's goal was to restore the world to a state of grace. However, in some ways, Behmenist belief deviated significantly from traditional Lutheran belief. For example, Böhme rejected the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Sola_fide" title="Sola fide">sola fide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sola_gratia" title="Sola gratia">sola gratia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brownists">Brownists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brownists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brownist" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownist">Brownist</a></div> <p>By 1580, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Browne_(Brownist)" title="Robert Browne (Brownist)">Robert Browne</a> had become a leader in the movement for a congregational form of organisation for the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> and attempted to set up a separate <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, Norfolk, England. He was arrested but released on the advice of <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">William Cecil</a>, his kinsman. Browne and his companions moved to <a href="/wiki/Middelburg,_Zeeland" title="Middelburg, Zeeland">Middelburg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> in 1581. He returned to England in 1585 and to the Church of England, being employed as a schoolmaster and parish priest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diggers">Diggers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diggers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a> were an English group of Protestant <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">agrarian communists</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2009129_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2009129-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-true_levellers_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-true_levellers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> begun by <a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley" title="Gerrard Winstanley">Gerrard Winstanley</a> as <i>True Levellers</i> in 1649, who became known as <i>Diggers</i> due to their activities. Their original name came from their belief in economic equality based upon a specific passage in the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Book of Acts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Diggers tried (by "levelling" <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a>) to reform the existing <a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">social order</a> with an agrarian lifestyle based on their ideas for the creation of small <a href="/wiki/Egalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Egalitarian">egalitarian</a> rural communities. They were one of several <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">nonconformist</a> dissenting groups that emerged around this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enthusiasts">Enthusiasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Enthusiasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several Protestant sects of the 16th and 17th centuries were called Enthusiastic. During the years that immediately followed the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>, "enthusiasm" was a British pejorative term for advocacy of any political or religious cause in public. Such "enthusiasm" was seen as the cause of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> and its attendant atrocities, and thus it was a social sin to remind others of the war by engaging in enthusiasm. During the 18th century, popular <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a> were accused of blind enthusiasm (i.e., fanaticism), a charge against which they defended themselves by distinguishing fanaticism from "religion of the heart".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Familists">Familists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Familists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Familia_Caritatis" title="Familia Caritatis">Familia Caritatis</a></i> ("Family of Love", or the "Familists") were a religious sect that began in continental Europe in the 16th century. Members of this religious group were devout followers of Dutch <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Nicholis" title="Henry Nicholis">Hendrik Niclaes</a>. The Familists believed that Niclaes was the only person who truly knew how to achieve a state of perfection, and his texts attracted followers in Germany, France, and England.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Familists were secretive and wary of outsiders. For example, they wished death upon those outside of the Family of Love,<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and re-marriage after the death of a spouse could only take place between men and women of the same Familist congregation.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, they would not discuss their ideas and opinions with outsiders and sought to remain undetected by ordinary members of society: they tended to be members of an established church so as not to attract suspicion and showed respect for authority.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholas,_Henry_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholas,_Henry-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group was considered heretical in 16th-century England.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among their beliefs were that there existed a time before <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>; Heaven and Hell were both present on Earth; and that all things were ruled by <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a> and not directed by God.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Familists continued to exist until the middle of the 17th century, when they were absorbed into the Quaker movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholas,_Henry_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholas,_Henry-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Monarchists">Fifth Monarchists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fifth Monarchists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Monarchists" title="Fifth Monarchists">Fifth Monarchists</a> or Fifth Monarchy Men were Nonconformists who were active from 1649 to 1661 during the Interregnum.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They took their name from a prophecy in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> that four ancient monarchies (Babylonian, Persian, Macedonian, and Roman) would precede Christ's return. They also referred to the year 1666 and its relationship to the biblical <a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a> indicating the end of earthly rule by carnal human beings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grindletonians">Grindletonians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Grindletonians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grindletonians" title="Grindletonians">Grindletonians</a></div> <p>In a sermon preached at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cross" title="St Paul's Cross">St Paul's Cross</a> on 11 February 1627, and published under the title "The White Wolfe<i>"</i> in 1627, Stephen Denison, minister of <a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Cree" title="St Katharine Cree">St Katharine Cree</a> in London, charged the 'Gringltonian [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] <a href="/wiki/Familia_Caritatis" title="Familia Caritatis">familists</a>' with holding nine points of an <a href="/wiki/Antinomianism" title="Antinomianism">antinomian</a> tendency. These nine points are repeated from Denison by <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Pagit" title="Ephraim Pagit">Ephraim Pagit</a> in 1645<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ross_(writer)" title="Alexander Ross (writer)">Alexander Ross</a> in 1655.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1635 <a href="/wiki/John_Webster_(minister)" title="John Webster (minister)">John Webster</a>, curate at <a href="/wiki/Kildwick" title="Kildwick">Kildwick</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>, was charged before a church court with being a Grindletonian, and simultaneously in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> thought that <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a> was one.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last known Grindletonian died in the 1680s.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Levellers">Levellers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Levellers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Levellers" title="Levellers">Levellers</a> was a political movement during the English Civil War that emphasised <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>, extended <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">equality before the law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_tolerance" title="Religious tolerance">religious tolerance</a>. Levellers tended to hold a notion of "natural rights" that had been violated by the king's side in the civil wars. At the <a href="/wiki/Putney_Debates" title="Putney Debates">Putney Debates</a> in 1647, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rainsborough" title="Thomas Rainsborough">Thomas Rainsborough</a> defended natural rights as coming from the law of God expressed in the Bible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methodists">Methodists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Methodists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a> arose as a movement started by Anglican priest <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, who taught two works of grace— (1) the <a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">New Birth</a> and (2) <a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection" title="Christian perfection">entire sanctification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heitzenrater2018_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heitzenrater2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first work of grace, individuals repent of their sin and embrace Jesus as their saviour, accomplishing the acts of <a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">justification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regeneration_(theology)" title="Regeneration (theology)">regeneration</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adoption_(theology)" title="Adoption (theology)">adoption</a>. In the second work of grace, which Wesley taught could be bestowed instantaneously, the believer is made perfect in love, <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a> is uprooted, and he/she is empowered to serve God with an undivided heart.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanders2013_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanders2013-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wesley taught that those who receive the New Birth do not willfully sin.<sup id="cite_ref-Banks2024_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banks2024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, he taught that the second blessing—entire sanctification—was "wrought instantaneously, though it may be approached by slow and gradual steps".<sup id="cite_ref-Banks2024_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banks2024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity#Methodist" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Growth in grace</a> occurs after the New Birth, as well as after Entire Sanctification.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanders2013_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanders2013-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early Methodists were known by careful lifestyle, including wearing of <a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">plain dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friday_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday Fast">fasting on Fridays</a>, devout observance of the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">abstinence from alcohol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cartwright1857_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartwright1857-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muggletonians">Muggletonians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Muggletonians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Muggletonianism" title="Muggletonianism">Muggletonians</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Lodowicke_Muggleton" title="Lodowicke Muggleton">Lodowicke Muggleton</a>, were a small Protestant Christian movement which began in 1651 when two London tailors announced they were the last prophets foretold in the biblical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>. The group grew out of the <a href="/wiki/Ranters" title="Ranters">Ranters</a> and in opposition to the Quakers. Muggletonian beliefs include a hostility to philosophical reason, a scriptural understanding of how the universe works, and a belief that God appeared directly on Earth as Christ Jesus. A consequential belief is that God takes no notice of everyday events on Earth and will not generally intervene until it is to bring the world to an end. </p><p>Muggletonians avoided all forms of worship or preaching and, in the past, met only for discussion and socialising amongst members. The movement was egalitarian, apolitical, and pacifist, and resolutely avoided <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelism</a>. Members attained a degree of public notoriety by cursing those who reviled their faith. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puritans">Puritans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Puritans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some <a href="/wiki/Marian_exiles" title="Marian exiles">Marian exiles</a> from the clergy shortly after the accession of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> in 1558, as an activist movement within the Church of England. The designation "Puritan" is often used incorrectly, based on the assumption that <a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">hedonism</a> and puritanism are antonyms:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> historically, the word was used to characterise the Protestant group as extremists similar to the <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Cathari</a> of France, and according to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fuller" title="Thomas Fuller">Thomas Fuller</a> in his <i>Church History,</i> dated back to 1564. Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a> used "puritan" and "precisian" with the sense of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stickler" class="extiw" title="wikt:stickler">stickler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> T. D. Bozeman therefore uses instead the term <i>precisianist</i> in regard to the historical groups of England and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philadelphians">Philadelphians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Philadelphians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Philadelphians, or the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphian_Society" title="Philadelphian Society">Philadelphian Society</a>, were a Protestant 17th-century religious group in England. They were organised around <a href="/wiki/John_Pordage" title="John Pordage">John Pordage</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglican_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican priest">Anglican priest</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bradfield,_Berkshire" title="Bradfield, Berkshire">Bradfield</a>, Berkshire, who had been ejected from his parish in 1655 because of differing views, but was then reinstated in 1660 during the English Restoration. Pordage was attracted to the ideas of Jakob Böhme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quakers">Quakers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Quakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> began as a loosely knit group of preachers, many of whom had previously been Seekers. <a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a>'s journal attributes the name "Quaker" to a judge in 1650 calling them Quakers "because I bid them tremble before the Lord". George Fox, often regarded as the father of Quakerism, taught that apart from Christ himself, there was "none upon the earth" that could cure unbelief and sinfulness.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandelion2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inward experience of Christ, confirmed by the Bible, was the foundation of the Religious Society of Friends.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandelion2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following characterized the Quaker message: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>1) an in-breaking of God's power; </p><p>2) a realization of how sinful the believer's life had been, how far it had fallen short; </p><p>3) the chance to <a href="/wiki/Repentance_in_Christianity" title="Repentance in Christianity">repent</a> and accept new life; </p><p>4) the experience of <a href="/wiki/Regeneration_(theology)#Quakerism" title="Regeneration (theology)">regeneration</a>; </p><p>5) an impulse to gather with others who had had this experience; </p><p> 6) <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">mission</a> to those who had not yet had this experience.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandelion2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Additionally, Fox taught the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection#Quaker_teaching" title="Christian perfection">perfection</a>—"spiritual intimacy with God and Christ, entailing an ability to resist sin and temptation".<sup id="cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandelion2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plymouth_Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Plymouth Brethren"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> originated in Dublin in 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranters">Ranters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ranters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ranters" title="Ranters">Ranters</a> were a <a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sect</a> in the time of the Commonwealth who were regarded as <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heretical</a> by the established Church of that period. Their central idea was <a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">pantheistic</a>, that God is essentially in every creature; this led them to deny the authority of the church, of scripture, of the current ministry and of services, instead calling on men to hearken to Jesus within them. </p><p>Many Ranters seem to have rejected a belief in <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortality</a> and in a personal God, and in many ways they resemble the <a href="/wiki/Brethren_of_the_Free_Spirit" title="Brethren of the Free Spirit">Brethren of the Free Spirit</a> in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ranters revived the Brethren of the Free Spirit's beliefs of <a href="/wiki/Moral_nihilism" title="Moral nihilism">amoralism</a> and followed the Brethren's ideals which "stressed the desire to surpass the human condition and become godlike".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further drawing from the Brethren of the Free Spirit, the Ranters embraced antinomianism and believed that Christians are freed by grace from the necessity of obeying <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Moses" title="Law of Moses">Mosaic Law</a>. Because they believed that God is present in all living creatures, the Ranters' adherence to antinomianism allowed them to reject the very notion of obedience, thus making them a great threat to the stability of the government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sabbatarians">Sabbatarians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sabbatarians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sabbatarianism" title="Sabbatarianism">Sabbatarians</a> were known in England from the time of Elizabeth I. Access to the Bible in English allowed anyone who could read English to study scripture and question church doctrines. While <a href="/wiki/Sabbatarianism" title="Sabbatarianism">First-day Sabbatarians</a> supported practices that hallowed the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a> (Sunday), the <a href="/wiki/Sabbatarianism#Saturday_Sabbatarianism" title="Sabbatarianism">Seventh-day Sabbatarians</a> challenged the church's day of rest being on Sunday rather than <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches" title="Sabbath in seventh-day churches">Saturday</a>. Some Dutch Anabaptists embraced Sabbatarianism and may have helped to introduce these practices into England. In England, Seventh-day Sabbatarianism is generally associated with John Traske (1585–1636), <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Brabourne" title="Theophilus Brabourne">Theophilus Brabourne</a>, and Dorothy Traske (c. 1585–1645), who also played a major role in keeping the early Traskite congregations growing in numbers. </p><p>Sunday Sabbatarianism became the normative view within the Church of England in one form or another. The Puritans were known to <a href="/wiki/Puritan_Sabbatarianism" title="Puritan Sabbatarianism">harbour First-day Sabbatarian views</a>, which became well established in their successive <a href="/wiki/Congregationalism" title="Congregationalism">Congregationalist Church</a>, in addition to becoming entrenched in the Continental Reformed and Presbyterian churches, all of which belong to the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed tradition of Christianity</a>. Additionally, the Moravian, Methodist, and Quaker denominations teach Sunday Sabbatarian views.<sup id="cite_ref-Heyck2013_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heyck2013-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seekers">Seekers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Seekers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Seekers" title="Seekers">Seekers</a> were not a distinct religion or sect but instead formed a loose religious society. Like other Protestant dissenting groups, they believed the Roman Catholic Church to be corrupt, which subsequently applied to the Church of England as well through its common heritage. </p><p>Seekers considered all churches and denominations to be in error and believed that only a new church established by Christ upon <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">his return</a> could possess his grace and power to change them within. Their anticipation of this event was found in their practices. For example, Seekers held quiet meetings as opposed to more programmed religious services and as such had no clergy or hierarchy. During these gatherings they would wait in silence and speak only when they felt that God had inspired them to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seekers denied the effectiveness of external forms of religion such as the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a>, water <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Scriptures</a> as a means of <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">salvation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of them later became Quakers, convinced by the preaching of <a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a> and other early Friends.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socinians">Socinians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Socinians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The followers of <a href="/wiki/Socinianism" title="Socinianism">Socinianism</a> were <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarian</a> in theology and influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Brethren" title="Polish Brethren">Polish Brethren</a>. The Socinians of 17th century England influenced the development of the English Presbyterians, the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">English Unitarians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Non-subscribing_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ireland" title="Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland">Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Rational_Dissenters"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="18th_century">18th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rational_Dissenters">Rational Dissenters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rational Dissenters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 18th century, one group of Dissenters became known as "Rational Dissenters". In many respects they were closer to the Anglicanism of their day than other Dissenting sects; however, they believed that state religions impinged on the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_conscience" title="Freedom of conscience">freedom of conscience</a>. They were fiercely opposed to the hierarchical structure of the established church and the financial ties between it and the government. Like moderate Anglicans, they desired an educated ministry and an orderly church, but they based their opinions on the Bible and on reason rather than on appeals to tradition and authority. They rejected doctrines such as the <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>, arguing that they were irrational. Rational Dissenters believed that Christianity and faith could be dissected and evaluated using the newly emerging discipline of science, and that a stronger belief in God would be the result.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedenborgians">Swedenborgians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Swedenborgians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A tradition that emerged at the end of the 18th century is the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgian church</a>, which continues today in several branches around the world. It originated in London in 1780. Beginning as groups reading <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a>, whose members were composed largely of Methodists, Baptists, and Anglicans, some of the Swedenborgian enthusiasts became disillusioned with the prospects for thorough Swedenborgian theological reform within their respective traditions. These left those churches to form the General Conference of the New Jerusalem, often called simply the New Church. Other Swedenborgian converts, such as Anglican <a href="/wiki/John_Clowes_(priest)" title="John Clowes (priest)">John Clowes</a> and Thomas Hartley, argued for remaining within existing traditions. </p><p>Swedenborg did not call for a new organisation but for profound theological reform for the existing churches. At the end of his life, he endured a rare Swedish heresy inquiry by the Swedish Lutheran Consistory. He died before it was concluded, and the Consistory shelved the inquiry without reaching a decision. Swedenborg's primary critiques of orthodox theology centred on the tri-personal constructions of the Trinity, the idea of <a href="/wiki/Sola_fide" title="Sola fide">salvation by faith alone</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Substitutionary_atonement" title="Substitutionary atonement">vicarious atonement</a>. He revived an allegorical tradition of reading scripture, which he believed was composed in correspondences. He believed in a theory of symbolic values in the literal text, which could produce an inner sense wherein the individual could ascertain the new theology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dissenting_groups_continuing_today">Dissenting groups continuing today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Dissenting groups continuing today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Protestants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterians</a> (majority in Scotland but classified as dissenters in England, see <a href="/wiki/English_Presbyterianism" title="English Presbyterianism">English Presbyterianism</a>)</li> <li>other <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a> groups: e.g. <a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 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in the United Kingdom">Religion in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatists" class="mw-redirect" title="Separatists">Separatists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrossLivingstone1997" class="citation book cs1">Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (13 March 1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). USA: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late/page/490">490</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211655-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211655-0"><bdi>978-0-19-211655-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=490&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997-03-13&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211655-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary00late&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IP58-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IP58_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1914" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Irene (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dissentingacadem00parkiala/"><i>Dissenting academies in England: their rise and progress, and their place among the educational systems of the country</i></a> (2009 2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-74864-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-74864-3"><bdi>978-0-521-74864-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dissenting+academies+in+England%3A+their+rise+and+progress%2C+and+their+place+among+the+educational+systems+of+the+country&rft.edition=2009+2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=978-0-521-74864-3&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdissentingacadem00parkiala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/james_i_king.shtml">"James I and VI (1566–1625)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+I+and+VI+%281566%E2%80%931625%29&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fjames_i_king.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anabaptist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anabaptist_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anabaptists.org/history/what-is-an-anabaptist.html">"What is an Anabaptist"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+an+Anabaptist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anabaptists.org%2Fhistory%2Fwhat-is-an-anabaptist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelton1994" class="citation book cs1">Melton, J.G. (1994). "Baptists". <i>Encyclopedia of American Religions</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baptists&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Religions&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gourley-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gourley_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gourley, Bruce. "A Very Brief Introduction to Baptist History, Then and Now." <i>The Baptist Observer.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726104113/http://bartleby.com/65/bo/Boehme.html">"Boehme, Jakob"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia" title="Columbia Encyclopedia">Columbia Encyclopedia</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/65/bo/Boehme.html">the original</a> on 26 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boehme%2C+Jakob&rft.btitle=Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F65%2Fbo%2FBoehme.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passtheword.org/DIALOGS-FROM-THE-PAST/waychrst.htm">"The Way to Christ"</a>. Pass the Word Services. <q>For he that will say, I have a Will, and would willingly do Good, but the earthly Flesh which I carry about me, keepeth me back, so that I cannot; yet I shall be saved by Grace, for the Merits of Christ. I comfort myself with his Merit and Sufferings; who will receive me of mere Grace, without any Merits of my own, and forgive me my Sins. Such a one, I say, is like a Man that knoweth what Food is good for his Health, yet will not eat of it, but eateth Poison instead thereof, from whence Sickness and Death, will certainly follow</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Way+to+Christ&rft.pub=Pass+the+Word+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passtheword.org%2FDIALOGS-FROM-THE-PAST%2Fwaychrst.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2009129-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2009129_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell2009">Campbell 2009</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-true_levellers-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-true_levellers_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/863"><i>The True Levellers Standard Advanced: or, The State of Community opened, and Presented to the Sons of Men</i></a>. R.S. Bear. 2002. <q>That we may work in righteousness, and lay the Foundation of making the Earth a Common Treasury for All, both Rich and Poor, That every one that is born in the Land, may be fed by the Earth his Mother that brought him forth, according to the Reason that rules in the Creation. Not Inclosing any part into any particular hand, but all as one man, working together, and feeding together as Sons of one Father, members of one Family; not one Lording over another, but all looking upon each other, as equals in the Creation;</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+True+Levellers+Standard+Advanced%3A+or%2C+The+State+of+Community+opened%2C+and+Presented+to+the+Sons+of+Men&rft.pub=R.S.+Bear&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarsbank.uoregon.edu%2Fxmlui%2Fhandle%2F1794%2F863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Acts 4:32". <i>Today's English Version</i>. <q>The group of believers was one in mind and heart. No one said that any of his belongings was his own, but they all shared with one another everything they had.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Acts+4%3A32&rft.btitle=Today%27s+English+Version&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHume" class="citation book cs1">Hume, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.upenn.edu/~mgamer/Etexts/hume.superstition.html">"Essay X: Of Superstition and Enthusiasm"</a>. <i>Essays Moral, Political, and Literary (1742–1754)</i> (1st ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Essay+X%3A+Of+Superstition+and+Enthusiasm&rft.btitle=Essays+Moral%2C+Political%2C+and+Literary+%281742%E2%80%931754%29&rft.edition=1st&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.upenn.edu%2F~mgamer%2FEtexts%2Fhume.superstition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2005" class="citation book cs1">Marsh, Christopher W. (2005). <i>The Family of Love in English Society, 1550–1630</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02000-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02000-8"><bdi>978-0-521-02000-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Family+of+Love+in+English+Society%2C+1550%E2%80%931630&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-02000-8&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers,_John_1572_pp._118-130_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1572" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, John (1572). <i>The Displaying of an Horrible Sect</i>. pp. 118–130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Displaying+of+an+Horrible+Sect&rft.pages=118-130&rft.date=1572&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicholas,_Henry-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholas,_Henry_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholas,_Henry_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pollard" title="Albert Pollard">Pollard, Albert</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nicholas, Henry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Nicholas,_Henry">"Nicholas, Henry" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 656.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicholas%2C+Henry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=656&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton. <i>The Family of Love</i>. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Family+of+Love&rft.pages=132&rft.au=Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard1913" class="citation book cs1">Bernard, Capp (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gnMaAAAAMAAJ&q=Fifth+Monarchists"><i>Fifth Monarchy Men: Study in Seventeenth Century English Millenarianism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-09791-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-09791-X"><bdi>0-571-09791-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifth+Monarchy+Men%3A+Study+in+Seventeenth+Century+English+Millenarianism&rft.date=1913&rft.isbn=0-571-09791-X&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Capp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgnMaAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DFifth%2BMonarchists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagitt,_E.1645" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Pagitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephraim Pagitt">Pagitt, E.</a> (1645). <i>Heresiography</i> (2nd ed.). p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heresiography&rft.pages=89&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1645&rft.au=Pagitt%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss,_A.1655" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ross_(writer)" title="Alexander Ross (writer)">Ross, A.</a> (1655). <i><span></span></i><span class="texhtml">Πανσεβεια</span><i> (Pansebeia)</i> (2nd ed.). p. 365.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22texhtml+%22+%3E%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%3C%2Fspan%3E+%28Pansebeia%29&rft.pages=365&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1655&rft.au=Ross%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hill_(historian)" title="Christopher Hill (historian)">Hill, Christopher</a> (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldturnedupsid00hill"><i>The World Turned Upside Down</i></a></span>. New York: Viking Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldturnedupsid00hill/page/81">81–84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0670789757" title="Special:BookSources/978-0670789757"><bdi>978-0670789757</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Turned+Upside+Down&rft.pages=81-84&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Viking+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0670789757&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldturnedupsid00hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremerWebster2006" class="citation book cs1">Bremer, Francis J.; Webster, Tom (2006). <i>Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A comprehensive encyclopedia</i>. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Puritans+and+Puritanism+in+Europe+and+America%3A+A+comprehensive+encyclopedia&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Bremer&rft.aufirst=Francis+J.&rft.au=Webster%2C+Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heitzenrater2018-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heitzenrater2018_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitzenrater2018" class="citation book cs1">Heitzenrater, Richard P. (19 July 2018). Thompson, Andrew (ed.). <i>The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume II: The Long Eighteenth Century c. 1689-c. 1828</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Scholarship_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Scholarship Online">Oxford Scholarship Online</a>. pp. 99–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198702245.003.0006">10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Protestant+Dissenting+Traditions%2C+Volume+II%3A+The+Long+Eighteenth+Century+c.+1689-c.+1828&rft.pages=99-116&rft.pub=Oxford+Scholarship+Online&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198702245.003.0006&rft.aulast=Heitzenrater&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders2013-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders2013_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders2013_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders2013" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, Fred (31 August 2013). <i>Wesley on the Christian Life: The Heart Renewed in Love</i>. Crossway. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-2487-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-2487-5"><bdi>978-1-4335-2487-5</bdi></a>. <q>Wesley's understanding of the normative Christian experience was that after conversion, believers would have a gradual expansion of their knowledge and understanding of their own sin and of God's holiness. With the regenerate nature working within them, the increasing awareness of spiritual reality would produce a mounting tension, with greater grief over sin an greater desire to be delivered from it. Then, at a time and in a manner that pleased him, God would answer the Christian's faithful prayer for a deliverance from indwelling sin. Wesley thought this change happened in a moment, just like regeneration itself, although Methodists reported different levels of awareness of it: "an instantaneous change has been wrought in some believers," but "in some...they did not perceive the instant when it was wrought." The pattern was event-process-event-process; conversion, gradual growth, entire sanctification, then more gradual growth. Concluding his 1764 review of the subject, Wesley wrote, "All our Preachers should make a point of preaching perfection to believers constantly, strongly, and explicitly; and all believers should mind this one thing, and continually agonize for it." An in letters through the 1770s, we hear Wesley urging that: "Never be ashamed of the old Methodist doctrine. Press all believers to go on to perfection. Insist everywhere on the second blessing as receivable now, by simple faith." There are several threads woven together in the Wesleyan teaching on Christian perfection. Everything Wesley has taught about the distinction between justification and sanctification, of regeneration as initial sanctification, and about the Christian life as being normed and formed by the law comes together here. To this are joined new threads such as the idea of a second definite work of grace subsequent to conversion, and the need to ask God for that second blessing. But the dominant theme in Wesley's teaching on Christian perfection is the renewed heart.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wesley+on+the+Christian+Life%3A+The+Heart+Renewed+in+Love&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2013-08-31&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-2487-5&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Banks2024-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Banks2024_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banks2024_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanks" class="citation web cs1">Banks, Stanley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://place.asburyseminary.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2101&context=asburyjournal">"Christian Perfection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Theological_Seminary" title="Asbury Theological Seminary">Asbury Theological Seminary</a>. p. 33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Perfection&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Asbury+Theological+Seminary&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplace.asburyseminary.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2101%26context%3Dasburyjournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cartwright1857-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cartwright1857_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright1857" class="citation book cs1">Cartwright, Peter (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofp00incart"><i>Autobiography of Peter Cartwright: The Backwoods Preacher</i></a>. Carlton & Porter. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofp00incart/page/74">74</a>. Accessed 19 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiography+of+Peter+Cartwright%3A+The+Backwoods+Preacher&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Carlton+%26+Porter&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fautobiographyofp00incart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMencken1916" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken, H. L.</a> (1916). <i>A Book of Burlesques</i>. <q>Puritanism: The haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+Burlesques&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Mencken&rft.aufirst=H.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Puritanism"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Puritanism">"Puritanism" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 665.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Puritanism&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=665&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBozeman2004" class="citation book cs1">Bozeman, Theodore Dwight (2004). <i>The Precisianist Strain: Disciplinary Religion and Antinomian Backlash in Puritanism to 1638</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Precisianist+Strain%3A+Disciplinary+Religion+and+Antinomian+Backlash+in+Puritanism+to+1638&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Bozeman&rft.aufirst=Theodore+Dwight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dandelion2008-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandelion2008_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dandelion, Pink, 'Who are the Quakers?', The Quakers: A Very Short Introduction, Very Short Introductions (Oxford, 2008; online edn, Oxford Academic, 24 Sept. 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackwell1996" class="citation web cs1">Blackwell, Peter (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victorianweb.org/religion/plymouth.html">"The Plymouth Brethren"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Plymouth+Brethren&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvictorianweb.org%2Freligion%2Fplymouth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb1911-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ranters"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ranters">"Ranters" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ranters&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=895&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTommasi2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tommasi, Chiara Ombretta (2005). "Orgy: Orgy in Medieval and Modern Europe". <i>Encyclopedia of Religion</i>. Vol. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Orgy%3A+Orgy+in+Medieval+and+Modern+Europe&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Tommasi&rft.aufirst=Chiara+Ombretta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heyck2013-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heyck2013_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeyck2013" class="citation book cs1">Heyck, Thomas (27 September 2013). <i>A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From 1688 to 1914</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134415205" title="Special:BookSources/9781134415205"><bdi>9781134415205</bdi></a>. <q>Yet the degree of overlap between the middle class and nonconformity-Baptists, Congregregationalists, Wesleyan Methodists, Quakers, Presbyterians, and Unitarians-was substantial. ... Most nonconformist denominations ...frowned on drink, dancing, and the theater, and they promoted Sabbatarianism (the policy of prohibiting trade and public recreation on Sundays).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Peoples+of+the+British+Isles%3A+From+1688+to+1914&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft.isbn=9781134415205&rft.aulast=Heyck&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219193319/http://exlibris.org/nonconform/engdis/seekers.html">"Seekers"</a>. Exlibris.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exlibris.org/nonconform/engdis/seekers.html">the original</a> on 19 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seekers&rft.pub=Exlibris.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exlibris.org%2Fnonconform%2Fengdis%2Fseekers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/532487/Seeker">"Seeker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 22 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seeker&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2009-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F532487%2FSeeker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Hoare2003" class="citation web cs1">Richard J. Hoare (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=quakerstudies">"The Balby Seekers and Richard Farnworth"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Balby+Seekers+and+Richard+Farnworth&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Richard+J.+Hoare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.georgefox.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1048%26context%3Dquakerstudies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip, 36.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2009" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Heather M (2009). <i>The Britannica Guide to Political Science and Social Movements That Changed the Modern World</i>. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kL_FviFwCCIC&dq=diggers+communists&pg=PA129">127–129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-062-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-062-4"><bdi>978-1-61530-062-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Britannica+Guide+to+Political+Science+and+Social+Movements+That+Changed+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=127-129&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group%2C+2009&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-062-4&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Heather+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnglish+Dissenters" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Fitzpatrick, Martin. "Heretical Religion and Radical Political Ideas in Late Eighteenth-Century England." <i>The Transformation of Political Culture: England and Germany in the Late Eighteenth Century</i>. Ed. Eckhart Hellmuth. Oxford: Oxford University Press; London: German Historical Institute, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-920501-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-920501-9">0-19-920501-9</a>.</li> <li>Mullett, Charles F. "The Legal Position of English Protestant Dissenters, 1689–1767." <i>Virginia Law Review</i> (1937): 389–418. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1067999">1067999</a>.</li> <li>Philip, Mark. "Rational Religion and Political Radicalism." <i>Enlightenment and Dissent</i> 4 (1985): 35–46.</li> <li>ExLibris, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19981202012828/http://www.exlibris.org/nonconform/engdis/index.html">Early English dissenters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Driver, Christopher. <i>A Future for the Free Churches?</i> London: S.C.M. Press, 1962.</li> <li>Hahn-Bruckart, Thomas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/crossroads/religious-and-confessional-spaces/thomas-hahn-bruckart-dissenters-and-nonconformists-phenomena-of-religious-deviance-between-the-british-isles-and-the-european-continent?set_language=en&-C="><i>Dissenters and Nonconformists: Phenomena of Religious Deviance Between the British Isles and the European Continent</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieg-ego.eu/">EGO – European History Online</a>, Mainz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieg-mainz.de/likecms/index.php">Institute of European History</a>, 2017, retrieved: 8 March 2021 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/1149294256/34">pdf</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:English_Dissenters" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:English Dissenters">English Dissenters</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&oldid=1258826406">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Dissenters&oldid=1258826406</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_Dissenters" title="Category:English Dissenters">English Dissenters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">Politics of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_terminology" title="Category:Christian terminology">Christian terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_radicalism" title="Category:Christian radicalism">Christian radicalism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_September_2015" title="Category:EngvarB from September 2015">EngvarB from September 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2021">Use dmy dates from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 21:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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