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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khanate_rulers_and_dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khanate_rulers_and_dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Khanate rulers and dynasties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Khanate_rulers_and_dynasties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Khanate rulers and dynasties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Khanate_rulers_and_dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ruling_khans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruling_khans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ruling khans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruling_khans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compound_and_derived_princely_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compound_and_derived_princely_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Compound and derived princely titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compound_and_derived_princely_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_khans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_khans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other khans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_khans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other khans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_khans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noble_and_honorary_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noble_and_honorary_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noble and honorary titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noble_and_honorary_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khan-related_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khan-related_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Khan-related terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khan-related_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khan (title)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" title="خان (لقب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خان (لقب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan_(t%C3%ADtulu)" title="Kan (títulu) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kan (títulu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xan" title="Xan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="خان (عونوان) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خان (عونوان)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="খান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81n_(h%C3%A2m-th%C3%A2u)" title="Hān (hâm-thâu) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hān (hâm-thâu)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B6%D3%99)" title="Хан (дәрәжә) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хан (дәрәжә)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB)" title="Хан (тытул) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хан (тытул)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB)" title="Хан (тытул) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хан (тытул)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Хан (титла) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хан (титла)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27han" title="C'han – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'han" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan" title="Kan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB)" title="Хан (титул) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хан (титул)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1n" title="Chán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaan" title="Khaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Khaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Χαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Каназор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Каназор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan" title="Kan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4ano" title="Ĥano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_(titulua)" title="Khan (titulua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khan (titulua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="خان (عنوان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خان (عنوان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_(t%C3%ADtulo)" title="Khan (título) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Khan (título)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B8" title="칸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Խան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF)" title="ख़ान (उपाधि) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ान (उपाधि)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan_(naslov)" title="Kan (naslov) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kan (naslov)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kano_(titulo)" title="Kano (titulo) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kano (titulo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_(gelar)" title="Khan (gelar) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khan (gelar)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan" title="Kan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%90%D7%9F_(%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8)" title="חאן (תואר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חאן (תואר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ხანი (ტიტული) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხანი (ტიტული)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanus" title="Chanus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans" title="Hans – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanas" title="Chanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1n_(m%C3%A9lt%C3%B3s%C3%A1g)" title="Kán (méltóság) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kán (méltóság)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80)" title="खान (पदवी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खान (पदवी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan_(titel)" title="Kan (titel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kan (titel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="खन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="खन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ハーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_(t%C3%ADtol)" title="Khan (títol) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Khan (títol)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xon_(unvon)" title="Xon (unvon) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xon (unvon)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" title="خان (لقب) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خان (لقب)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_(w%C5%82adca)" title="Chan (władca) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chan (władca)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A3" title="Cã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_(titlu)" title="Han (titlu) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Han (titlu)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB)" title="Хан (титул) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хан (титул)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hani_(titull)" title="Hani (titull) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hani (titull)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khan (title)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1n" title="Chán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Кан (титула) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кан (титула)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan_(titula)" title="Kan (titula) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kan (titula)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaani" title="Kaani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan" title="Khan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="கான் (பட்டம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கான் (பட்டம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xan_(titul)" title="Xan (titul) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Xan (titul)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_(%C3%BCnvan)" title="Han (ünvan) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Han (ünvan)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" title="خان (لقب) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خان (لقب)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A3n" title="Hãn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hãn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%97%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94%EF%BC%89" title="汗（头衔） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汗（头衔）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%97_(%E9%A0%AD%E9%8A%9C)" title="汗 (頭銜) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="汗 (頭銜)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xan_(name)" title="Xan (name) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xan (name)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%97_(%E9%A0%AD%E9%8A%9C)" title="汗 (頭銜) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汗 (頭銜)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical title for a ruler or military leader</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaganate">Khaganate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khan_(surname)" title="Khan (surname)">Khan (surname)</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy" title="Category:Monarchy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_(heraldry).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg/120px-Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg/180px-Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg/240px-Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shahanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">Padishah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbishn" title="Banbishn">Banbishn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Sultans" title="Sultan of Sultans">Sultan of Sultans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakravarti_(Sanskrit_term)" title="Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)">Chakravarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor#Indian_subcontinent" title="Emperor">Samrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajadhiraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajadhiraja">Maharajadhiraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana" title="Maharana">Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultana_(title)" title="Sultana (title)">Sultana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahbanu" title="Shahbanu">Shahbanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatun">Hatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey" title="Dey">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_(title)" title="Nizam (title)">Nizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-umara" title="Amir al-umara">Amir al-umara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan_Bek" title="Khagan Bek">Khagan Bek</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> or <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_(title)" title="Rana (title)">Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhshid" title="Ikhshid">Ikhshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylerbey" title="Beylerbey">Beylerbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babu_(title)" title="Babu (title)">Babu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandal_(surname)" title="Mandal (surname)">Mandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patil_(title)" title="Patil (title)">Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja (title)">Rajkumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahibzada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahibzada">Sahibzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabzada" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawabzada">Nawabzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuvaraja" title="Yuvaraja">Yuvraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade" title="Şehzade">Şehzade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_(name)" title="Mirza (name)">Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morza" title="Morza">Morza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzin" title="Murzin">Murzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegin" title="Tegin">Tegin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedive" title="Khedive">Khedive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabghu" title="Yabghu">Yabghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishkhan_(title)" title="Ishkhan (title)">Ishkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahzada_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahzada (title)">Shahzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vali_Ahd" class="mw-redirect" title="Vali Ahd">Vali Ahd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Sa%27id" title="Prince of the Sa'id">Prince of the Sa'id</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(title)" title="Mir (title)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_(prince)" title="Shad (prince)">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghatur" title="Baghatur">Baghatur</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mankari" title="Mankari">Mankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahadur" title="Dewan Bahadur">Dewan Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak-bey" title="Sanjak-bey">Sancak bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rao_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rao Bahadur">Rao Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_Bahadur" title="Rai Bahadur">Rai Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Bahadur" title="Khan Bahadur">Khan Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boila" title="Boila">Boila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Wāli">Wāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparapet" title="Sparapet">Sparapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azat" title="Azat">Azat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">Zamindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Sahib" title="Khan Sahib">Khan Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Kadi (Ottoman Empire)">Kadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a> or <a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begzada" title="Begzada">Begzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%A7_bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Uç bey">Uç bey</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lala_(title)" title="Lala (title)">Lala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha (Ottoman Empire)">Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazinedar" title="Hazinedar">Hazinedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rais" title="Rais">Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagirdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagirdar">Jagirdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saranjamdar" title="Saranjamdar">Saranjamdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taluqdar" title="Taluqdar">Taluqdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarafdar" title="Tarafdar">Tarafdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikdar" title="Sikdar">Sikdar</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li>Royal house: <a href="/wiki/Damat" title="Damat">Damat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Gurkani</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobleman">Nobleman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jenmi" title="Jenmi">Jenmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankari" title="Mankari">Mankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_(title)" title="Mian (title)">Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_(name)" title="Mirza (name)">Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begzada" title="Begzada">Begzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawla" title="Al-Dawla">al-Dawla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_(title)" title="Bibi (title)">Bibi</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li>Governmental: <a href="/wiki/Lala_(title)" title="Lala (title)">Lala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">Vizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan" title="Dewan">Dewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha (Ottoman Empire)">Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldar" title="Haldar">Haldar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlader" class="mw-redirect" title="Howlader">Hawladar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazinedar" title="Hazinedar">Hazinedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faujdar" title="Faujdar">Faujdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambardar" title="Lambardar">Lambardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridha" title="Mridha">Mridha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayak_(title)" title="Nayak (title)">Nayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowdhury" title="Chowdhury">Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostowfi_ol-Mamalek_(title)" title="Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (title)">Mostowfi ol-Mamalek</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_and_noble_ranks_of_West,_Central,_Southern_Asia,_and_North_Africa" title="Template:Royal and noble ranks of West, Central, Southern Asia, and North Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_and_noble_ranks_of_West,_Central,_Southern_Asia,_and_North_Africa" title="Template talk:Royal and noble ranks of West, Central, Southern Asia, and North Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_and_noble_ranks_of_West,_Central,_Southern_Asia,_and_North_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal and noble ranks of West, Central, Southern Asia, and North Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Khan</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a historic <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Mongolic</a> title originating among nomadic tribes in the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe#Divisions" title="Eurasian Steppe">Central and Eastern Eurasian Steppe</a> to refer to a king. It first appears among the <a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a> as a variant of <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a> (sovereign, emperor)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and implied a subordinate ruler. In the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljük Empire</a>, it was the highest noble title, ranking above <a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">malik</a> (king) and <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> (prince). In the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> it signified the ruler of a <a href="/wiki/Orda_(organization)" title="Orda (organization)">horde (<i>ulus</i>)</a>, while the ruler of all the Mongols was the khagan or great khan. It is a title commonly used to signify the head of a <a href="/wiki/Pashtun" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun">Pashtun</a> <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribes" title="Pashtun tribes">tribe</a> or clan. </p><p>The title subsequently declined in importance. During the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar dynasty</a> it was the title of an army general high noble rank who ruling a province, and in <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal India</a> it was a high noble rank restricted to courtiers. After the downfall of the Mughals it was used promiscuously and became <a href="/wiki/Khan_(surname)" title="Khan (surname)">a surname</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan and its female forms occur in many personal names, generally without any nobiliary of political relevance, although it remains a common part of noble names as well. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the term is disputed and unknown, possibly a loanword from the <a href="/wiki/Rouran_language" title="Rouran language">Rouran language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Turkic and <a href="/wiki/Para-Mongolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-Mongolic">Para-Mongolic</a> origin has been suggested by a number of scholars including <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_John_Ramstedt" title="Gustaf John Ramstedt">Ramstedt</a>, Shiratori, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sinor" title="Denis Sinor">Sinor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Doerfer" title="Gerhard Doerfer">Doerfer</a>, and was reportedly first used by the <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dybo (2007) suggests that the ultimate etymological root of Khagan/Khan comes from the Middle <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a> *<i>hva-kama-</i> 'self-ruler, emperor', following the view of Benveniste 1966. Savelyev and Jeong 2020 note that both the etymological root for Khagan/Khan and its female equivalent "<a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">khatun</a>" may be derived from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern Iranian languages</a>, specifically from "Early <a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a> *<i>hvatuñ</i>, cf. the attested Soghdian words <i>xwt'w</i> 'ruler' (< *<i>hva-tāvya-</i>) and <i>xwt'yn</i> 'wife of the ruler' (< *<i>hva-tāvyani</i>)".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Khan" is first encountered as a title in the <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> confederation<sup id="cite_ref-Henning,_W._B._p501-522_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henning,_W._B._p501-522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for their chief between 283 and 289.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rourans</a> may have been the first people who used the titles <i><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a></i> and <i>khan</i> for their emperors.<sup id="cite_ref-Grousset_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grousset-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Russian linguist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vovin" title="Alexander Vovin">Alexander Vovin</a> (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-vov_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vov-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believes that the term <i>qaγan</i> originated among the <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a> people, who were <a href="/wiki/Yeniseian_languages" title="Yeniseian languages">Yeniseian</a>-speaking (according to Vovin), and then it diffused across language families. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a> adopted the title and brought it to the rest of Asia. In the middle of the sixth century the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranians</a> knew of a "Kagan – King of the Turks".<sup id="cite_ref-Henning,_W._B._p501-522_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henning,_W._B._p501-522-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various Mongolic and Turkic peoples from Central Asia gave the title new prominence after period of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> (1206–1368) in the Old World and later brought the title "khan" into Northern Asia, where locals later adopted it. <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a> is rendered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2015)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> as <i>Khan of Khans</i>. It was the title of Chinese Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Taizong of Tang">Emperor Taizong of Tang</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tian_Kehan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian Kehan">Heavenly Khagan</a></i>, reigned 626 to 649)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>'s successors selected to rule the Mongol Empire starting from 1229. Genghis Khan himself was referred as <i>qa'an</i> (khagan) only posthumously.<sup id="cite_ref-rachewiltz_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rachewiltz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a> (reigned 1251–1259) and <a href="/wiki/Ogedei_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogedei Khan">Ogedei Khan</a> (reigned 1229–1241) would be "Khagans" but not <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a>, who was not proclaimed ruler of the Mongol Empire by the <a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">Kurultai</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khanate_rulers_and_dynasties">Khanate rulers and dynasties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Khanate rulers and dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanate</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruling_khans">Ruling khans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ruling khans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally khans headed only relatively minor tribal entities, generally in or near the vast Mongolian and North Chinese steppe, the scene of an almost endless procession of nomadic people riding out into the history of the neighbouring sedentary regions. Some managed to establish principalities of some importance for a while, as their military might repeatedly proved a serious threat to empires in the <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (January 2015)">tone</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>One of the earliest notable examples of such principalities in Europe was <a href="/wiki/Danube_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube Bulgaria">Danube Bulgaria</a> (presumably also <a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a>), ruled by a <i>khan</i> or a <i>kan</i> at least from the 7th to the 9th century. The title "khan" is not attested directly in inscriptions and texts referring to Bulgar rulers – the only similar title found so far, <i><a href="/wiki/Kanasubigi" title="Kanasubigi">Kanasubigi</a></i>, has been found solely in the inscriptions of three consecutive Bulgarian rulers, namely <a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omurtag" class="mw-redirect" title="Omurtag">Omurtag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malamir_of_Bulgaria" title="Malamir of Bulgaria">Malamir</a> (a grandfather, son and grandson). Starting from the compound, non-ruler titles that were attested among Bulgarian noble class such as <i>kavkhan</i> (vicekhan), <i>tarkhan</i>, and <i>boritarkhan</i>, scholars derive the title <i>khan</i> or <i>kan</i> for the early Bulgarian leader – if there was a vicekhan (<i>kavkhan</i>) there was probably a "full" <i>khan</i>, too. Compare also the rendition of the name of early Bulgarian ruler <a href="/wiki/Pagan_of_Bulgaria" title="Pagan of Bulgaria">Pagan</a> as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Καμπαγάνος</span></span> (<i>Kampaganos</i>), likely resulting from a misinterpretation of "Kan Pagan", in <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Patriarch Nicephorus</a>'s so-called <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Breviarium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, however, the inscriptions as well as other sources designate the supreme ruler of Danube Bulgaria with titles that exist in the language in which they are written – <i>archontes</i>, meaning 'commander or magistrate' in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">knyaz</a></i>, meaning "duke" or "prince" in <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a>. Among the best known Bulgar khans were: <a href="/wiki/Khan_Kubrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Kubrat">Khan Kubrat</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Great_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Bulgaria">Great Bulgaria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Khan_Asparukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Asparukh">Khan Asparukh</a>, founder of <i>Danubian Bulgaria</i> (today's <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>); <a href="/wiki/Tervel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tervel">Khan Tervel</a>, who defeated the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> invaders in 718 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(718)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Constantinople (718)">Siege of Constantinople (718)</a>, thus stopped the Arab invasion in Southeast Europe; <a href="/wiki/Khan_Krum" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Krum">Khan Krum</a>, "the Fearsome". "Khan" was the official title of the ruler until 864 AD, when <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Knyaz Boris</a> (known also as <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris I of Bulgaria">Tsar Boris I</a>) adopted the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> faith.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East-Hem_1200ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/East-Hem_1200ad.jpg/300px-East-Hem_1200ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/East-Hem_1200ad.jpg/450px-East-Hem_1200ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/East-Hem_1200ad.jpg/600px-East-Hem_1200ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> on the eve of the Mongol invasions, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200 AD</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The title Khan rose to unprecedented prominence with the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Temüjin</a>'s creation of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol empire</a>, the largest contiguous empire in history, which he ruled as <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>. Before 1229 the title was used to designate leaders of important tribes as well as tribal confederations (the Mongol Empire considered the largest one), and rulers of non-Mongol countries.<sup id="cite_ref-rachewiltz_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rachewiltz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before the death of the Genghis Khan, his sons became khans in different dominions (ulus) and the title apparently became unsuitable for the supreme ruler of the empire, needing a more exalted one. Being under Uighur cultural influence, Mongols adopted the title of khagan starting with <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a> in 1229.<sup id="cite_ref-rachewiltz_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rachewiltz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emperors of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> also used the term Xan to denote brave warriors and rulers. The title Khan was used to designate the greatest rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Jurchens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchens">Jurchens</a>, who, later when known as the <a href="/wiki/Manchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. </p><p>Once more, there would be numerous khanates in the steppe in and around Central Asia, often more of a people than a territorial state, e.g.:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>in present <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> (founded 1465; since 1601 divided into three geographical <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCz" title="Jüz">Jüz</a></i> or Hordes, each under a <a href="/wiki/Mirza_(noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza (noble)">mirza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">bey</a>, or subordinate khan); it was briefly united by rulers like <a href="/wiki/Abul_Khair_Khan" title="Abul Khair Khan">Abu'l-Khair Muhammed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tauke_Khan" title="Tauke Khan">Tauke Muhammed</a>, but after 1748 it split into three different khanates again; it was eliminated by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in 1847.</li> <li>in present <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кыргыз хандыгы (page does not exist)">Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ky:Кыргыз хандыгы">ky</a>]</span> was established by <a href="/wiki/Ormon_Khan" title="Ormon Khan">Ormon Khan</a> in 1842, collapsing after his death in 1854.</li> <li>in present <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, the main khanate, named after its capital <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, was founded in 1500 and restyled <a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">emirate</a> in 1753 (after three Persian governors since 1747); the <a href="/wiki/Ferghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferghana">Ferghana</a> (valley's) khanate broke way from it by 1694 and became known as the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kokand" title="Khanate of Kokand">Khanate of Kokand</a> after its capital <a href="/wiki/Kokand" title="Kokand">Kokand</a> from its establishment in 1732; the khanate of <a href="/wiki/Khwarezm" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarezm">Khwarezm</a>, dating from c.1500, became the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a> in 1804 but fell soon under Russian protectorate; <a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a> had its own rulers (khans?) since c. 1600.</li></ul> <p>While most Afghan principalities were styled emirate, there was a khanate of ethnic Uzbeks in <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a> since 1697. </p><p>Khan was also the title of the rulers of various break-away states and principalities later in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, e.g. 1747–1808 Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a> (in northwestern Iran east of Sarab and west of the southwest corner of the Caspian Sea-Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces), 1747–1813 Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a> (northwestern Iran, north of Lake Urmia, between Tabriz and Lake Van), 1747–1829 Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Maku,_Iran" title="Maku, Iran">Maku</a> (in extreme northwestern Iran, northwest of Khoy, and 60 miles south of Yerevan, Armenia), 1747–1790s Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Sarab_Khanate" title="Sarab Khanate">Sarab</a> (northwestern Iran east of Tabriz), 1747 – c.1800 Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> (capital of Iranian Azerbaijan).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There were <a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">various small khanates</a> in and near <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ciscaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciscaucasia">Ciscaucasia</a> established by the <a href="/wiki/Safavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavids">Safavids</a>, or their successive <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasties</a> outside their territories of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> proper. For example, in present <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and nearby territories to the left and right, there was the khanate of <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Khanate" title="Erivan Khanate">Erivan</a> (sole incumbent 1807–1827 Hosein Quli Khan Qajar). Diverse khanates existed in <a href="/wiki/Derbent_khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Derbent khanate">Dagestan</a> (now part of Russia), <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Baku_Khanate" title="Baku Khanate">Baku</a> (present capital), <a href="/wiki/Ganja_Khanate" title="Ganja Khanate">Ganja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawad,_India" title="Jawad, India">Jawad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quba_Khanate" title="Quba Khanate">Quba</a> (Kuba), <a href="/wiki/Salyan,_Azerbaijan" title="Salyan, Azerbaijan">Salyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaki_Khanate" title="Shaki Khanate">Shakki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shaki_Khanate" title="Shaki Khanate">Sheki</a>, ruler style <i>Bashchi</i> since 1743) and Shirvan=<a href="/wiki/Shirvan_Khanate" title="Shirvan Khanate">Shamakha</a> (1748–1786 temporarily split into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoja_Shamakha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoja Shamakha (page does not exist)">Khoja Shamakha</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeni_Shamakha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeni Shamakha (page does not exist)">Yeni Shamakha</a>), <a href="/wiki/Talysh_Khanate" title="Talysh Khanate">Talysh</a> (1747–1814); <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Khanate" title="Nakhichevan Khanate">Nakhichevan</a> and (Nagorno) <a href="/wiki/Karabakh_khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Karabakh khanate">Karabakh</a>. </p><p>As hinted above, the title Khan was also common in some of the polities of the various – generally Islamic – peoples in the territories of the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> and its successor states, which, like the Mongols in general, were commonly called <a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Ta(r)tars</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Europeans and Russians, and were all eventually subdued by Muscovia which became the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. The most important of these states were:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a> (the Mongol term khan became active since Genghizide dynasty was settled in <a href="/wiki/Kazan_Duchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazan Duchy">Kazan Duchy</a> in 1430s).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Sibir" title="Khanate of Sibir">Sibir</a> Khanate (giving its name to Siberia as the first significant conquest during Russia's great eastern expansion across the Ural range)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Khanate" title="Astrakhan Khanate">Astrakhan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a>.</li></ul> <p>Further east, in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> flank:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Kashgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashgaria">Kashgaria</a> founded in 1514; 17th century divided into several minor khanates without importance, real power going to the so-called <a href="/wiki/Khwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja">Khwaja</a>, Arabic Islamic religious leaders; title changed to <a href="/wiki/Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir">Amir</a> Khan in 1873, annexed by the Qing dynasty in 1877.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compound_and_derived_princely_titles">Compound and derived princely titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compound and derived princely titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongol_dominions1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mongol_dominions1.jpg/350px-Mongol_dominions1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mongol_dominions1.jpg/525px-Mongol_dominions1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mongol_dominions1.jpg/700px-Mongol_dominions1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption>Mongol Empire's largest extent outlined in red; the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> is shaded.</figcaption></figure> <p>The higher, rather imperial title <a href="/wiki/Khaqan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaqan">Khaqan</a> ("<i>Khan of Khans</i>") applies to probably the most famous rulers known as <i>Khan</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> imperial dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> (his name was Temüjin, <i>Genghis</i> Khan a never fully understood unique title), and his successors, especially grandson <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>: the former founded the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> and the latter founded the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Dynasty">Yuan Dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The ruling descendants of the main branch of Genghis Khan's dynasty are referred to as the <i>Great Khans</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The title <i>Khan of Khans</i> was among numerous titles used by the <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman empire">Ottoman empire</a> as well as the rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> and its descendant states. The title <i>Khan</i> was also used in the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Seljuk Turk</a> dynasties of the near-east to designate a head of multiple tribes, clans or nations, who was below an <a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> in rank. <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> rulers also used the title Khan (<i>Han</i> in <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>); for example, <a href="/wiki/Nurhaci" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a> was called Genggiyen Han. Rulers of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a> used the higher title Kaghan, as rulers of distinct nations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Gur Khan</b>, meaning supreme or universal Khan, was the ruler of the Khitan <a href="/wiki/Kara-Kitai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Kitai">Kara-Kitai</a>, and has occasionally been used by the Mongols as well</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ilkhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhan">Ilkhan</a></b>, both a generic term for a 'provincial Khan' <i>and</i> traditional royal style for one of the four khanates in Genghis's succession, based in Persia. See <a href="/wiki/Ilkhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhan">the main article</a> for more details.</li> <li><b>Khan-i-Khanan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خان خانان</span>, "Lord of Lords") was a title given to the commander-in-chief of the army of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a>, an example being <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahim_Khan-I-Khana" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana">Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana</a> of the great <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperor">Mughal emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>'s (and later his son Jahangir's) army.</li> <li><b>Khan Sahib <a href="/wiki/Shri" title="Shri">Shri</a> <a href="/wiki/Babi_(title)" title="Babi (title)">Babi</a></b> was the complex title of the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bantva-Manavadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantva-Manavadar">Bantva-Manavadar</a> (state founded 1760; September 1947 acceded to Pakistan, but 15 February 1948 forced to rescind accession to Pakistan, to accede to India after Khan Sahib's arrest).</li> <li>In southern <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> states, the word <i>Han</i> or <i>Gan</i>, meaning "leader", could be origin of word <i>khan</i> according to Turkic history textbook. <i>Geoseogan</i> or <i>Geoseulhan</i>, the title of <a href="/wiki/Hyeokgeose_of_Silla" title="Hyeokgeose of Silla">Hyeokgeose of Silla</a> means "leader of leaders" and "king" in language of <a href="/wiki/Jinhan_confederacy" title="Jinhan confederacy">Jinhan confederacy</a>. He was leader of Saro State, one of the chiefdoms of the <a href="/wiki/Jinhan_confederacy" title="Jinhan confederacy">Jinhan confederacy</a> in 37 BC. After <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</a>, totally united them under a now hereditary king, titled <a href="/wiki/Maripgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maripgan">Maripgan</a>, meaning the 'head of kings' (e.g. King Naemul Maripgan).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">Khatun</a></b>, or <b>Khatan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خاتون</span>) – a title of Iranian <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a> origin<sup id="cite_ref-CF_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FM_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – is roughly equal to a <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">King</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a>, as by this title a ruling Khan's Queen-consort (wife) is designated with similar respect after their proclamation as Khan and Khatun. Also used in <a href="/wiki/Khazar_language" title="Khazar language">Khazar</a> (instead of Khanum). Famous Khatuns include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6regene_Khatun" title="Töregene Khatun">Töregene Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habba_Khatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Habba Khatun">Habba Khatun</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Hanım</i>; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">Xanım</i>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خانم</span>) is another female derivation of Khan, notably in <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a>, for a Khan's Queen-consort, or in some traditions extended as a courtesy title (a bit like Lady for women not married to a Lord, which is the situation modern <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>) to the wives of holders of various other (lower) titles. In mostly Persian-speaking Afghanistan, it ended up as the common term for 'Miss', any unmarried woman; in the Iranian Persian language it is used to address any woman respectfully, as in 'Ms. Smith' / 'Khanum-e Smith'. In the modern <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh language</a>, <b>Khatun</b> is a derogatory term for women, while <b>Khanum</b> has a respectful meaning.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khan_Bahadur_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Bahadur (title)">Khan Bahadur (title)</a></b> - a compound of khan (leader) and Bahadur (Brave) - was a formal title of respect and honour, which was conferred exclusively on Muslim subjects of the British Indian Empire.[1] It was a title one degree higher than the title of Khan Sahib. <ul><li>The compound <b>Galin Khanum</b> – literally, "lady bride" – was the title accorded to the principal noble wife of a <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khanzada" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanzada">Khanzada</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خانزاده </span></span>) is a title conferred to princes of the dynasties of certain princely states of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The word also transliterates to "<i>prince</i>" in the <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> languages and was used by these Central Asian peoples to honor their princes. <ul><li>Sardargarh-Bantva <i>(Muslim Babi dynasty, fifth class state in <a href="/wiki/Kathiawar" title="Kathiawar">Kathiawar</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>) in front of the personal name, <a href="/wiki/Shri" title="Shri">Shri</a> in between; the ruler replaces Khanzada by khan.</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kanasubigi" title="Kanasubigi">Kanasubigi</a></b> or <i>Kana subigi</i>, as it is written in Bulgarian Greek inscriptions, was a title of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a>. Among the proposed translations for the phrase <i>kanasubigi</i> as a whole are <i>lord of the army</i>, from the reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> phrase <i>*sü begi</i>, paralleling the attested <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old Turkic</a> <i>sü baši</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, more recently, "(ruler) from God", from the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <i>*su-</i> and <i>baga-</i>, i.e. <i>*su-baga</i> (an equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> phrase <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων</span></span>, <i>ho ek Theou archon</i>, which is common in Bulgar inscriptions)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kavhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavhan">Kavhan</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-mor_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mor-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Kaukhan was one of the most important officials in the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>. According to the generally accepted opinion, he was the second most important person in the state after the Bulgarian ruler. Owais Khan was also believed a Great Khan but no evidences about him are founded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beg_Khan" title="Beg Khan">Beg Khan</a></b> (a concatenation of <a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a> and Khan) is a title used by some <a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_khans">Other khans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other khans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Khans_in_Turkoman_Tribal_Costume_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Khans_in_Turkoman_Tribal_Costume_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Khans_in_Turkoman_Tribal_Costume_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Khans_in_Turkoman_Tribal_Costume_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Khans_in_Turkoman_Tribal_Costume_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Khans_in_Turkoman_Tribal_Costume_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Khans_in_Turkoman_Tribal_Costume_One_of_274_Vintage_Photographs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i>Two Khans in Turkoman Tribal Costume, One of 274 Vintage Photographs</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noble_and_honorary_titles">Noble and honorary titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Noble and honorary titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In imperial <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, Khan (female form <i>Khanum</i> in Persia) was the title of a nobleman, higher than <a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Beg</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">bey</a>) and usually used after the given name. At the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar court</a>, precedence for those not belonging to the dynasty was mainly structured in eight classes, each being granted an honorary rank title, the fourth of which was Khan, or in this context synonymously Amir, granted to commanders of armed forces, provincial tribal leaders; in descending order. In neighboring <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkey">Ottoman Turkey</a> and subsequently the Republic of Turkey, the term <i>Khanum</i> was and is still written as <a href="/wiki/Mrs.#Non-English_equivalents" title="Mrs.">Hanım</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a> language. The Ottoman title of <a href="/wiki/Han%C4%B1mefendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanımefendi">Hanımefendi</a> (lit translated; <i>lady of the master</i>), is also a derivative of this. </p><p>The titles Khan and Khan Bahadur (from the Altaic root <i><a href="/wiki/Baghatur" title="Baghatur">baghatur</a></i>), related to the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> <i>batyr</i> or <i>batur</i> and <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> <i>baatar</i> ("brave, hero"); were also bestowed in feudal India by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a>, who although Muslims were of Turkic origin upon Muslims and awarded this title to Hindus generals in army particularly in Gaud or Bengal region during Muslim rulers, and later by the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, as an honor akin to the ranks of nobility, often for loyalty to the crown. <a href="/wiki/Khan_Sahib" title="Khan Sahib">Khan Sahib</a> was another title of honour. </p><p>In the major <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> Muslim state of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad state">Hyderabad</a>, Khan was the lowest of the aristocratic titles bestowed by the ruling <a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a> upon Muslim retainers, ranking under <i>Khan Bahadur</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a> (homonymous with a high Muslim ruler's title), Jang, <a href="/wiki/Al-Dawla" title="Al-Dawla">Daula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Mulk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umara" class="mw-redirect" title="Umara">Umara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a>. The equivalent for the courts Hindu retainers was <a href="/wiki/Rai_(Indian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai (Indian)">Rai</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Swat_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swat (Pakistan)">Swat</a>, a Pakistani Frontier State, it was the title of the secular elite, who together with the <a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">Mullahs</a> (Muslim clerics), proceeded to elect a new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amir-i-Shariyat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amir-i-Shariyat (page does not exist)">Amir-i-Shariyat</a> in 1914. It seems unclear whether the series of titles known from the Bengal sultanate are merely honorific or perhaps relate to a military hierarchy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Khan_(surname)" title="Khan (surname)">Khan (surname)</a></div> <p>Like many titles, the meaning of the term has also extended southwards into <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> countries,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asian</a> nations, where it has become a common surname. </p><p>Khan and its female forms occur in many personal names, generally without any nobiliary of political relevance, although it remains a common part of noble names as well. Notably in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> it has become a part of many South Asian Muslim names,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially when <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pashtun</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a>) descent is claimed. It is also used by many <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rajputs" title="Muslim Rajputs">Muslim Rajputs</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> who were awarded this surname by <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> for their bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it's widely used by Baloch and Awan tribes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khan-related_terms">Khan-related terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Khan-related terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Khanzadeh (<a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a>: <i lang="tt-Latn">Xanzadä</i>) – a <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">prince</a>, khan's son</li> <li>Khanbikeh (<a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a>: <i lang="tt-Latn">Xanbikä</i>) – a queen, khan's wife</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Khanbaliq</a> (or Dadu) – <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> capital which later developed into modern <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_khan" title="Il khan">Il khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogda_Khan" title="Bogda Khan">Bogda Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_of_Heaven" title="Khan of Heaven">Khan of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">Khatun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a> – female equivalent of Khan or title of women of the Khan's family</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaan_(name)" title="Kaan (name)">Kaan (name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Turco-Mongol">Turco-Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">List of Mongol rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azmatkhan" title="Azmatkhan">Azmatkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejen" title="Ejen">Ejen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Jirga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanyu" title="Chanyu">Chanyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">Archon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beg_Khan" title="Beg Khan">Beg Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elteber" title="Elteber">Elteber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khong_Tayiji" title="Khong Tayiji">Khong Tayiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(surname)" title="Khan (surname)">Khan (surname)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn">хан/<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᠬᠠᠨ</span></span> <i>khan/qan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">han</i>; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i>xan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman language">Ottoman</a>: <i>han</i>; <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic alphabet">Old Turkic</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1019548987">.mw-parser-output .script-orkh{font-family:"Orkun","Old Turkic","Orkun Brush","Türik Bitig","BabelStone Irk Bitig Colour","Babelstone Irk Bitig","Noto Sans Old Turkic","Segoe UI Symbol","Quivira",sans-serif}</style><span class="script-orkh" dir="rtl" style=";">𐰴𐰣</span>‎ <i>kan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 汗 <i>hán</i>; <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo_language" title="Goguryeo language">Goguryeo</a>: 皆 <i>key</i>; <a href="/wiki/Buyeo_language" title="Buyeo language">Buyeo</a>: 加 <i>ka</i>; <a href="/wiki/Silla_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Silla language">Silla</a>: 干 <i>kan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Gaya_language" title="Gaya language">Gaya</a>: 旱 <i>kan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Baekje_language" title="Baekje language">Baekje</a>: 瑕 <i>ke</i>; <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:middle;">ᡥᠠᠨ</span>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: خان; <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: خان, ਖ਼ਾਨ or ਖ਼ਾਂ; <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>: <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">ख़ान</span></span> or <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">ख़ाँ</span></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>)</small>, <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خان</span> or <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خاں</span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Nasta%27liq" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasta'liq">Nasta'liq</a>)</small>; <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>: <span lang="ku" dir="rtl">خان</span>; <a href="/wiki/Baloch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Baloch language">Balochi</a>: خان; <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: хан, <i>han</i>; <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a>: хун, <i>hun</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: خان; <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">খ়ান্</span></span> or <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">খ়াঁ</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khagan itself was borrowed by the Turks from the unclassified <a href="/wiki/Rouran_language" title="Rouran language">Rouran language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The spelling with 'r' is due to a confusion with <i><a href="/wiki/Tartaros" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartaros">tartaros</a></i>, the classical Greek hell. Genghis Khan's conquering, ransacking Mongol hordes terrorized Islam and Christianity without precedent, as if the apocalypse had started.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJ._A._Boyle1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">J. A. Boyle (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Kh%C4%81%E1%B8%B3%C4%81n&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Khāḳān"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume IV:<i> Iran–Kha</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 915. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/758278456">758278456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kh%C4%81%E1%B8%B3%C4%81n&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IV%3A+Iran%E2%80%93Kha&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=915&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758278456&rft.au=J.+A.+Boyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DKh%25C4%2581%25E1%25B8%25B3%25C4%2581n%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._A._Boyle1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">J. A. Boyle (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Kh%C4%81n&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Khān"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume IV:<i> Iran–Kha</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 1010. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/758278456">758278456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kh%C4%81n&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IV%3A+Iran%E2%80%93Kha&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=1010&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758278456&rft.au=J.+A.+Boyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DKh%25C4%2581n%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vovin, Alexander. 2010. Once Again on the Ruan-ruan Language. Ötüken’den İstanbul’a Türkçenin 1290 Yılı (720–2010) Sempozyumu From Ötüken to Istanbul, 1290 Years of Turkish (720–2010). 3–5 Aralık 2010, İstanbul / 3–5 December 2010, İstanbul: 1–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiratori1926" class="citation journal cs1">Shiratori, Kurakichi (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2183%2Fpjab1912.2.241">"On the Titles KHAN and KAGHAN"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Imperial Academy</i>. <b>2</b> (6): 241–244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2183%2Fpjab1912.2.241">10.2183/pjab1912.2.241</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0369-9846">0369-9846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Imperial+Academy&rft.atitle=On+the+Titles+KHAN+and+KAGHAN&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=241-244&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2183%2Fpjab1912.2.241&rft.issn=0369-9846&rft.aulast=Shiratori&rft.aufirst=Kurakichi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2183%252Fpjab1912.2.241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKRADER1955" class="citation journal cs1">KRADER, LAWRENCE (1955). "QAN-QAγAN AND THE BEGINNINGS OF MONGOL KINGSHIP". <i>Central Asiatic Journal</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 17–35. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-9192">0008-9192</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41926298">41926298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+Asiatic+Journal&rft.atitle=QAN-QA%CE%B3AN+AND+THE+BEGINNINGS+OF+MONGOL+KINGSHIP&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-35&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41926298%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0008-9192&rft.aulast=KRADER&rft.aufirst=LAWRENCE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavelyevJeong2020" class="citation journal cs1">Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwon (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612788">"Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West"</a>. <i>Evolutionary Human Sciences</i>. <b>2</b>: e20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fehs.2020.18">10.1017/ehs.2020.18</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116%2F0000-0007-772B-4">21.11116/0000-0007-772B-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2513-843X">2513-843X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612788">7612788</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35663512">35663512</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218935871">218935871</a>. <q>but their ultimate origins may lie outside the Turkic family, as is most likely the case for the title of khagan (χαγάνος, chaganus) < ? Middle Iranian *hva-kama- 'self-ruler, emperor' (Dybo, Reference Dybo2007: 119–120). Following Benveniste (Reference Benveniste1966), Dybo (Reference Dybo2007: 106–107) considers Turkic *χatun 'king's wife' a word of ultimate Eastern Iranian origin, borrowed presumably from Early Saka *hvatuñ, cf. the attested Soghdian words xwt'w 'ruler' (< *hva-tāvya-) and xwt'yn 'wife of the ruler' (< *hva-tāvyani).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=Early+nomads+of+the+Eastern+Steppe+and+their+tentative+connections+in+the+West&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=e20&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F21.11116%2F0000-0007-772B-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218935871%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fehs.2020.18&rft.issn=2513-843X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35663512&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7612788%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.aulast=Savelyev&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Jeong%2C+Choongwon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7612788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henning,_W._B._p501-522-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henning,_W._B._p501-522_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henning,_W._B._p501-522_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henning, W. B., 'A Farewell to the Khagan of the Aq-Aqataran',"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African studies – University of London", Vol 14, No 3, pp. 501–522</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhou 1985, pp. 3–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grousset-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grousset_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRené_Grousset1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Grousset" title="René Grousset">René Grousset</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/61"><i>The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia now</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/61">61, 585, n. 92</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1304-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1304-1"><bdi>978-0-8135-1304-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes%3A+A+History+of+Central+Asia+now&rft.pages=61%2C+585%2C+n.+92&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-1304-1&rft.au=Ren%C3%A9+Grousset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofsteppesh00prof%2Fpage%2F61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vov-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vov_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"ONCE AGAIN ON THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE TITLE qaγan" <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vovin" title="Alexander Vovin">Alexander Vovin</a>, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia vol. 12 Kraków 2007 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ejournals.eu/sj/index.php/SEC/article/viewFile/1100/1096">http://ejournals.eu/sj/index.php/SEC/article/viewFile/1100/1096</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Fairbank, John King. <i>The Cambridge History of China</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iN9Tdfdap5MC&pg=PA367&dq=khan+turkic+title&lr=&hl=tr&sig=nn4X0pxXK9qe9ByEr-NmoDl1Yog">p. 367</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rachewiltz-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rachewiltz_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rachewiltz_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rachewiltz_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/rachewiltz/Rachewiltz_Qan.pdf">Documenta Barbarorum</a> altaica.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Източници за българската история – Fontes historiae bulgaricae. VI. Fontes graeci historiae Bulgaricae. БАН, София. p.305 (in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Greek language">Byzantine Greek</a> and Bulgarian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kroraina.com/NI/izvori/GIBI_III/GIBI%20III.djvu">Also available online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CF-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CF_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter Vaughn Findley, "Turks in World History", Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 45: "... Many elements of non-Turkic origin also became part of Türk statecraft [...] for example, as in the case of khatun [...] and beg [...] both terms being of Sogdian origin and ever since in common use in Turkish. ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FM-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FM_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fatima Mernissi, "The Forgotten Queens of Islam", University of Minnesota Press, 1993. pg 21: <i>"... Khatun 'is a title of Sogdian origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the Tu-chueh and subsequent Turkish Rulers ..."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leslie P. Peirce, "The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire", Oxford University Press, 1993. pg 312: <i>"... On the title Khatun, see Boyle, 'Khatun', 1933, according to whom it was of Soghdian origin and was borne by wives and female relations of various Turkish Rulers. ..."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/vb/vb_5.html">"V. Beshevliev - Prabylgarski epigrafski pametnici - 5"</a>. <i>www.promacedonia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.promacedonia.org&rft.atitle=V.+Beshevliev+-+Prabylgarski+epigrafski+pametnici+-+5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promacedonia.org%2Fvb%2Fvb_5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mor-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mor_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moravcsik, G. Byzantinoturcica II. Sprachreste der Türkvölker in den byzantinischen Quellen. Leiden 1983, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07132-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07132-2">978-90-04-07132-2</a>, c. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Khan"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Khan">"Khan" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 771.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Khan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=771&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.werajput.com/about">"About the Great Rajput's - Welcome 2 Wajahat's World"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Great+Rajput%27s+-+Welcome+2+Wajahat%27s+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.werajput.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514122925/http://www.khyber.org/articles/2007/StudyofthePathanCommunitiesinF.shtml">"Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India :: Khyber.ORG"</a>. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study+of+the+Pathan+Communities+in+Four+States+of+India+%3A%3A+Khyber.ORG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khyber.org%2Farticles%2F2007%2FStudyofthePathanCommunitiesinF.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarim2012" class="citation book cs1">Karim, Abdul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan">"Khan"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Islam, Sirajul</a>; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). <i>Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Khan&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Karim&rft.aufirst=Abdul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKhan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=khan&searchmode=none">Etymology OnLine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarthwaite2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Garthwaite, Gene R. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khan">"KHAN"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=KHAN&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Garthwaite&rft.aufirst=Gene+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkhan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhan+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&oldid=1257438617">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khan_(title)&oldid=1257438617</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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