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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_xanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Naxçıvan xanlığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Naxçıvan xanlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="ناخچیوان خانلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناخچیوان خانلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanat_de_Nakhitxevan" title="Kanat de Nakhitxevan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kanat de Nakhitxevan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat_Nachitschewan" title="Khanat Nachitschewan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Khanat Nachitschewan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahhit%C5%A1evani_khaaniriik" title="Nahhitševani khaaniriik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nahhitševani khaaniriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanato_de_Najichev%C3%A1n" title="Kanato de Najicheván – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kanato de Najicheván" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4anlando_de_Na%C4%A5i%C4%89evano" title="Ĥanlando de Naĥiĉevano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥanlando de Naĥiĉevano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خانات نخجوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانات نخجوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat_de_Nakhitchevan" title="Khanat de Nakhitchevan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khanat de Nakhitchevan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նախիջևանի խանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախիջևանի խանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanato_del_Nakhichevan" title="Khanato del Nakhichevan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khanato del Nakhichevan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9F" title="חאנות נחצ'יבאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חאנות נחצ'יבאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ნახიჩევანის სახანო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახიჩევანის სახანო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahicsev%C3%A1ni_K%C3%A1ns%C3%A1g" title="Nahicseváni Kánság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nahicseváni Kánság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanaat_Nachitsjevan" title="Kanaat Nachitsjevan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kanaat Nachitsjevan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="نخچیوان خانیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نخچیوان خانیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanat_nachiczewa%C5%84ski" title="Chanat nachiczewański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chanat nachiczewański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canato_do_Naquichev%C3%A3o" title="Canato do Naquichevão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Canato do Naquichevão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Нахичеванское ханство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нахичеванское ханство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nah%C3%A7%C4%B1van_Hanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Nahçıvan Hanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nahçıvan Hanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="نخچیوان خانیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نخچیوان خانیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nakhichevan_Khanate&params=39.2000_N_45.5000_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°12′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°30′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.2000°N 45.5000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.2000; 45.5000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Khanate in Nakhichevan under Iranian rule</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Nakhichevan Khanate</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1747–1828</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ErevanKhanate.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="The Nakhichevan and Erivan khanates in c. 1800"><img alt="The Nakhichevan and Erivan khanates in c. 1800" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ErevanKhanate.gif/250px-ErevanKhanate.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ErevanKhanate.gif/375px-ErevanKhanate.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ErevanKhanate.gif/500px-ErevanKhanate.gif 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="572" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Nakhichevan and <a href="/wiki/Erivan_khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Erivan khanate">Erivan khanates</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">Khanate</a><br />Under <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> suzerainty<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2016axvii_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2016axvii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHambly1991145–146_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHambly1991145–146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhichevan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (official)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1747</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1828</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nader_Shah_Flag.svg/20px-Nader_Shah_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nader_Shah_Flag.svg/30px-Nader_Shah_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Nader_Shah_Flag.svg/40px-Nader_Shah_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Oblast" title="Armenian Oblast">Armenian Oblast</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Coat_of_arms_of_Armyanskaya_Oblast.JPG/12px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armyanskaya_Oblast.JPG" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Coat_of_arms_of_Armyanskaya_Oblast.JPG/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armyanskaya_Oblast.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Coat_of_arms_of_Armyanskaya_Oblast.JPG/24px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armyanskaya_Oblast.JPG 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="471" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nakhichevan Khanate</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خانات نخجوان</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Khānāt-e Nakhjavān</i></span>) was a <a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">khanate</a> under <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> suzerainty, which controlled the city of <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhichevan</a> and its surroundings from 1747 to 1828. </p><p>The territory of the khanate corresponded to most of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vayots_Dzor_Province" title="Vayots Dzor Province">Vayots Dzor Province</a> of present-day Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Khanate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakhichevan is both the name of a city and historical region located in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_highlands" title="Armenian highlands">Armenian highlands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsibenko2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsibenko2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the demise of <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a>, Nakhichevan was under the administrative jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Province_(Safavid_Iran)" title="Erivan Province (Safavid Iran)">Erivan Province</a> (also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloor2008171_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloor2008171-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the recapture of Yerevan in 1604 during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1603%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1618)">Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618</a>, then incumbent king (<a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a>) <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Persia">Abbas I</a> (r. 1588–1620) appointed as its new governor Cheragh Sultan Ustajlu, who, after his brief tenure, was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Maqsud_Sultan_Kangarlu" title="Maqsud Sultan Kangarlu">Maqsud Sultan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloor2008248_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloor2008248-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maqsud Sultan was a military commander who hailed from the <a href="/wiki/Kangarlu_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangarlu tribe">Kangarlu</a> branch of the Ustajlu tribe, the latter being one of the original <a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a> tribes that had supplied power to the Safavids since its earliest days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling2010_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloor2008248_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloor2008248-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kangarlu were described by J. M. Jouannin as “a small tribe established in <a href="/wiki/Persian_Armenia_(1502-1828)" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Armenia (1502-1828)">Persian Armenia</a> on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling2010_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, as Ottoman forces threatened the area during the same war, Shah Abbas ordered Maqsud Sultan to <a href="/wiki/Great_Surgun" title="Great Surgun">evacuate the entire population</a> of the Nakhichevan region (including the <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> of Julfa, who, in the following year, were transplanted to <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, Qaraja Dag (<a href="/wiki/Arasbaran" title="Arasbaran">Arasbaran</a>) and Dezmar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling2010_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persian rule was interrupted by <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> occupation in 1635–1636 and 1722–1736. It officially became a fully functioning khanate under the <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid dynasty</a>. Initially, the territory of Nakhichevan was part of the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Khanate" title="Erivan Khanate">Erivan Khanate</a>, but later came to be ruled by a separate khan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG/250px-Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG/375px-Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG/500px-Nakhchivan_khan_palace7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The palace of the khans of Nakhichevan</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Georgievsk" title="Treaty of Georgievsk">Treaty of Georgievsk</a> in 1783 between the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and the east <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a>, Kalb-Ali tried to establish contact with Russia. This action angered the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a> king of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar" title="Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar">Agha Mohammad Khan</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1789–1797</span>), who as a result had Kalb-Ali seized and taken to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> in 1796, where he was blinded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021258,_283._For_information_about_the_treaty,_see_p._16_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021258,_283._For_information_about_the_treaty,_see_p._16-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another khan, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khan_Qajar_of_Erivan" title="Mohammad Khan Qajar of Erivan">Mohammad Khan Qajar of Erivan</a>, had attempted the same, but his Qajar ancestry saved him from the same punishment; he was instead put under house arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021264_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021264-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the assassination of Agha Mohammad Khan in 1797, Kalb-Ali went back to Nakhichevan, where he was appointed as its khan by Agha Mohammad Khan's successor, <a href="/wiki/Fath-Ali_Shah_Qajar" title="Fath-Ali Shah Qajar">Fath-Ali Shah Qajar</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1797–1834</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283._For_information_about_Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar's_death_and_his_succession,_see_pp._20–21_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283._For_information_about_Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar's_death_and_his_succession,_see_pp._20–21-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return, Kalb-Ali supplied Fath-Ali Shah's army with soldiers from the Kangarlu tribe. In 1809, Prince <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Mirza" title="Abbas Mirza">Abbas Mirza</a> annexed Nakhichevan and sent Kalb-Ali to Erivan. In Nakhichevan, he installed Kalb-Ali's sons, Nazar-Ali Beg and Abbas Qoli Agha, as his deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1808, during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813</a>, Russian forces under general <a href="/wiki/Gudovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudovich">Gudovich</a> briefly occupied Nakhichevan, but as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a>, it was returned to Persian control. </p><p>In 1827, during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828</a>, Abbas Mirza appointed <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Khan_Nakhichevansky" title="Ehsan Khan Nakhichevansky">Ehsan Khan Kangarlu</a> as commander of <a href="/wiki/Abbasabad_(fortress)" title="Abbasabad (fortress)">Abbasabad</a>, a fortress of strategic importance for the defense of the Nakhichevan Khanate.<sup id="cite_ref-irani_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irani-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After heavy losses in an attempt to take the fortress by escalade on July 14, the Russians mounted a siege. Ehsan Khan secretly contacted the Russian commander, General <a href="/wiki/Paskevich" title="Paskevich">Paskevich</a>, and opened the gates of the fortress to him on 22 July 1827. With the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a>, in 1828 the khanate became a Russian possession and Ehsan Khan was rewarded with the governorship,<sup id="cite_ref-irani_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irani-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conferred the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general">major-general</a> of the Russian army and the title of campaign <a href="/wiki/Ataman" title="Ataman">ataman</a> of the Kangarlu militia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Khanate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Demographics of the Nakhichevan Khanate in 1826<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198012_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Group </th> <th>Families </th> <th>Males </th> <th>Females </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>Iranian elite/army </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>3,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turks and Kurds (settled, semi-settled, and nomadic) </td> <td>3,863 </td> <td>9,033 </td> <td>8,105 </td> <td>17,138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Armenians </td> <td>530 </td> <td>1,404 </td> <td>1,286 </td> <td>2,690 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>22,828</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Khanate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It appears that Nakhichevan had a much higher proportion of private property than Erivan because it was less centrally organized, which allowed the illegal conversion of state lands into private property. This was caused by the lack of state lands in Nakhichevan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982115_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982115-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxes">Taxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Khanate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Taxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every adult male over the age of fifteen living in a city had paid an income or head tax, known as the <i>bash-puli</i> ("head money") in Nakhichevan. Despite Nader Shah's removal of the poll tax paid by Eastern Armenian Christians at <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_III_of_Armenia" title="Abraham III of Armenia">Abrahim III</a>'s request in 1736, Armenians (including in Nakhichevan) often paid more taxes than Muslims did.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982125,_128_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982125,_128-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> and other holidays, the khan and senior administrators received taxes in the form of presents. These were initially given as gifts but quickly transitioned to formal taxes and were commonly sought as bribes or tribute. These type of gifts were known as <i>pishkesh</i>, <i>salamane</i> and <i>bairamlik</i> / <i>nowruzi</i> / <i>eydi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982126_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982126-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage">Coinage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Khanate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coins minted in the Nakhichevan Khanate were in the <i><a href="/wiki/Abbasi_(currency)" title="Abbasi (currency)">abbasi</a></i> currency and equal to that of the coins minted by <a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan_Zand" title="Karim Khan Zand">Karim Khan Zand</a>, with the verse <i>shod</i> and the exclamation <i>ya Karim</i> on them. There are only a dozen of these extremely rare coins in existence, being minted between 1766–1777. Compared to Iranian coins that weigh a <a href="/wiki/Mithqal" title="Mithqal">mithqal</a>, these Nakhichevan coins are a little lighter. The few coins produced reveal their supposedly philanthropic and non-economic purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkopyanPetrov20162_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkopyanPetrov20162-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Khanate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2016axvii-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2016axvii_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian2016a">Bournoutian 2016a</a>, p. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHambly1991145–146-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHambly1991145–146_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHambly1991">Hambly 1991</a>, pp. 145–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSwietochowski2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Swietochowski" title="Tadeusz Swietochowski">Swietochowski, Tadeusz</a> (2004). <i>Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521522458" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521522458"><bdi>978-0521522458</bdi></a>. <q>(...) and Persian continued to be the official language of the judiciary and the local administration [even after the abolishment of the khanates].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Azerbaijan%2C+1905-1920%3A+The+Shaping+of+a+National+Identity+in+a+Muslim+Community&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0521522458&rft.aulast=Swietochowski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlovich1949" class="citation book cs1">Pavlovich, Petrushevsky Ilya (1949). <i>Essays on the history of feudal relations in Armenia and Azerbaijan in XVI - the beginning of XIX centuries</i>. LSU them. Zhdanov. p. 7. <q>(...) The language of official acts not only in Iran proper and its fully dependant Khanates, but also in those Caucasian khanates that were semi-independent until the time of their accession to the Russian Empire, and even for some time after, <b>was New Persian (Farsi).</b> It played the role of the literary language of class feudal lords as well.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+the+history+of+feudal+relations+in+Armenia+and+Azerbaijan+in+XVI+-+the+beginning+of+XIX+centuries&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=LSU+them.+Zhdanov&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Pavlovich&rft.aufirst=Petrushevsky+Ilya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homa Katouzian, "Iranian history and politics", Published by Routledge, 2003. pg 128: "Indeed, since the formation of the Ghaznavids state in the tenth century until the fall of Qajars at the beginning of the twentieth century, most parts of the Iranian cultural regions were ruled by Turkic-speaking dynasties most of the time. At the same time, the official language was Persian, the court literature was in Persian, and most of the chancellors, ministers, and mandarins were Persian speakers of the highest learning and ability."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair2014-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair2014_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair2014">Sinclair 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsibenko2021-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsibenko2021_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsibenko2021">Tsibenko 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloor2008171-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloor2008171_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFloor2008">Floor 2008</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloor2008248-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloor2008248_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloor2008248_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFloor2008">Floor 2008</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOberling2010-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling2010_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling2010_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOberling2010_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOberling2010">Oberling 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bournoutian, George A. (1992). <i>The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795–1828.</i> p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021258,_283._For_information_about_the_treaty,_see_p._16-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021258,_283._For_information_about_the_treaty,_see_p._16_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian2021">Bournoutian 2021</a>, pp. 258, 283. For information about the treaty, see p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021264-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021264_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian2021">Bournoutian 2021</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283._For_information_about_Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar's_death_and_his_succession,_see_pp._20–21-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283._For_information_about_Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar's_death_and_his_succession,_see_pp._20–21_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian2021">Bournoutian 2021</a>, p. 283. For information about Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's death and his succession, see pp. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian2021283_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian2021">Bournoutian 2021</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irani-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-irani_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irani_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkbal" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ekbal, Kamran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429161341/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abbasabad-fortress">"ʿAbbāsābād"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abbasabad-fortress">the original</a> on April 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CA%BFAbb%C4%81s%C4%81b%C4%81d&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Ekbal&rft.aufirst=Kamran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fabbasabad-fortress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198012-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198012_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian1980">Bournoutian 1980</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982115-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982115_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian1982">Bournoutian 1982</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982125,_128-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982125,_128_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian1982">Bournoutian 1982</a>, pp. 125, 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982126-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian1982126_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBournoutian1982">Bournoutian 1982</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkopyanPetrov20162-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkopyanPetrov20162_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkopyanPetrov2016">Akopyan & Petrov 2016</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhichevan_Khanate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkopyanPetrov2016" class="citation journal cs1">Akopyan, Alexander; Petrov, Pavel (2016). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/28686244">"The Coinage of Īrawān, Nakhjawān, Ganja and Qarabāḡ Khānates in 1747–1827"</a></span>. <i>State Hermitage</i>: 1–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=State+Hermitage&rft.atitle=The+Coinage+of+%C4%AAraw%C4%81n%2C+Nakhjaw%C4%81n%2C+Ganja+and+Qarab%C4%81%E1%B8%A1+Kh%C4%81nates+in+1747%E2%80%931827&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Akopyan&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Petrov%2C+Pavel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28686244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehrooz2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maziar_Behrooz" title="Maziar Behrooz">Behrooz, Maziar</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnevEAAAQBAJ"><i>Iran at War: Interactions with the Modern World and the Struggle with Imperial Russia</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0755637379" title="Special:BookSources/978-0755637379"><bdi>978-0755637379</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+at+War%3A+Interactions+with+the+Modern+World+and+the+Struggle+with+Imperial+Russia&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0755637379&rft.aulast=Behrooz&rft.aufirst=Maziar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTnevEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">Bournoutian, George</a> (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bournoutian-1976-khanate-erevan-1807-1827"><i>The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule: 1795–1828</i></a>. University of California. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0939214181" title="Special:BookSources/978-0939214181"><bdi>978-0939214181</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Khanate+of+Erevan+Under+Qajar+Rule%3A+1795%E2%80%931828&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0939214181&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbournoutian-1976-khanate-erevan-1807-1827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian1980" class="citation book cs1">Bournoutian, George (1980). <i>The Population of Persian Armenia Prior to and Immediately Following its Annexation to the Russian Empire: 1826–1832</i>. The Wilson Center, Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Population+of+Persian+Armenia+Prior+to+and+Immediately+Following+its+Annexation+to+the+Russian+Empire%3A+1826%E2%80%931832&rft.pub=The+Wilson+Center%2C+Kennan+Institute+for+Advanced+Russian+Studies&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian1982" class="citation book cs1">Bournoutian, George (1982). <i>Eastern Armenia in the Last Decades of Persian Rule 1807–1828: A Political and Socioeconomic Study of the Khanate of Erevan on the Eve of the Russian Conquest</i>. Undena Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0890031223" title="Special:BookSources/978-0890031223"><bdi>978-0890031223</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Armenia+in+the+Last+Decades+of+Persian+Rule+1807%E2%80%931828%3A+A+Political+and+Socioeconomic+Study+of+the+Khanate+of+Erevan+on+the+Eve+of+the+Russian+Conquest&rft.pub=Undena+Publications&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0890031223&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian1997" class="citation book cs1">Bournoutian, George (1997). "Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation". In <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hovannisian" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Hovannisian">Hovannisian, Richard G.</a> (ed.). <i>The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times</i>. Vol. 1. St. Martin's Press. pp. 81–107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-10169-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-10169-4"><bdi>0-312-10169-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eastern+Armenia+from+the+Seventeenth+Century+to+the+Russian+Annexation&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+People+from+Ancient+to+Modern+Times&rft.pages=81-107&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-312-10169-4&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2016a" class="citation book cs1">Bournoutian, George (2016a). <i>The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia</i>. Gibb Memorial Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1909724808" title="Special:BookSources/978-1909724808"><bdi>978-1909724808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1820+Russian+Survey+of+the+Khanate+of+Shirvan%3A+A+Primary+Source+on+the+Demography+and+Economy+of+an+Iranian+Province+prior+to+its+Annexation+by+Russia&rft.pub=Gibb+Memorial+Trust&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1909724808&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2016b" class="citation journal cs1">Bournoutian, George (2016b). "Prelude to War: The Russian Siege and Storming of the Fortress of Ganjeh, 1803–4". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>50</b> (1). Taylor & Francis: 107–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210862.2016.1159779">10.1080/00210862.2016.1159779</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163302882">163302882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=Prelude+to+War%3A+The+Russian+Siege+and+Storming+of+the+Fortress+of+Ganjeh%2C+1803%E2%80%934&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-124&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2016.1159779&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163302882%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2018" class="citation book cs1">Bournoutian, George (2018). <i>Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914</i>. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-06260-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-06260-2"><bdi>978-1-351-06260-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1037283914">1037283914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+and+Imperial+Decline%3A+The+Yerevan+Province%2C+1900%E2%80%931914&rft.place=Milton+Park%2C+Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1037283914&rft.isbn=978-1-351-06260-2&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2021" class="citation book cs1">Bournoutian, George (2021). <i>From the Kur to the Aras: A Military History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801–1813</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004445154" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004445154"><bdi>978-9004445154</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Kur+to+the+Aras%3A+A+Military+History+of+Russia%27s+Move+into+the+South+Caucasus+and+the+First+Russo-Iranian+War%2C+1801%E2%80%931813&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-9004445154&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroers2019" class="citation book cs1">Broers, Laurence (2019). <i>Armenia and Azerbaijan: Anatomy of a Rivalry</i>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1474450522" title="Special:BookSources/978-1474450522"><bdi>978-1474450522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+and+Azerbaijan%3A+Anatomy+of+a+Rivalry&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1474450522&rft.aulast=Broers&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloor2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Floor" title="Willem Floor">Floor, Willem</a> (2008). <i>Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri</i>. Washington, D.C.: Mage Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933823232" title="Special:BookSources/978-1933823232"><bdi>978-1933823232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titles+and+Emoluments+in+Safavid+Iran%3A+A+Third+Manual+of+Safavid+Administration%2C+by+Mirza+Naqi+Nasiri&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Mage+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1933823232&rft.aulast=Floor&rft.aufirst=Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloor2018" class="citation book cs1">Floor, Willem (2018). "Tribal Resurgence in the Eighteenth Century: A Useful Label?". 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Oxford University Press. pp. 151–162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190250331" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190250331"><bdi>978-0190250331</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tribal+Resurgence+in+the+Eighteenth+Century%3A+A+Useful+Label%3F&rft.btitle=Crisis%2C+Collapse%2C+Militarism+and+Civil+War%3A+The+History+and+Historiography+of+18th+Century+Iran&rft.pages=151-162&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0190250331&rft.aulast=Floor&rft.aufirst=Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloor2021" class="citation book cs1">Floor, Willem (2021). "The Safavid court and government". In Matthee, Rudi (ed.). <i>The Safavid World</i>. Routledge. pp. 203–224.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Safavid+court+and+government&rft.btitle=The+Safavid+World&rft.pages=203-224&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Floor&rft.aufirst=Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowkes2002" class="citation book cs1">Fowkes, B. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bRZaCwAAQBAJ"><i>Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Communist World</i></a>. 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G.; Melville, Charles Peter (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 104–143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20095-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20095-4"><bdi>0-521-20095-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%80gh%C4%81+Muhammad+Kh%C4%81n+and+the+establishment+of+the+Q%C4%81j%C4%81r+dynasty&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran%2C+Volume+7%3A+From+Nadir+Shah+to+the+Islamic+Republic&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=104-143&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-521-20095-4&rft.aulast=Hambly&rft.aufirst=Gavin+R.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH20Xt157iYUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHambly1991" class="citation book cs1">Hambly, Gavin R. 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Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 144–173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20095-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20095-4"><bdi>0-521-20095-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iran+during+the+reigns+of+Fath+%E2%80%98Al%C4%AB+Sh%C4%81h+and+Muhammad+Sh%C4%81h&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran%2C+Volume+7%3A+From+Nadir+Shah+to+the+Islamic+Republic&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=144-173&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-521-20095-4&rft.aulast=Hambly&rft.aufirst=Gavin+R.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH20Xt157iYUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewsen1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hewsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Hewsen">Hewsen, Robert</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1972-hewsen-the-meliks-of-eastern-armenia-i/"><i>The Meliks Of Eastern Armenia I.</i></a> Revue des Études Arménie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meliks+Of+Eastern+Armenia+I.&rft.pub=Revue+des+%C3%89tudes+Arm%C3%A9nie&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Hewsen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1972-hewsen-the-meliks-of-eastern-armenia-i%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazemzadeh1991" class="citation book cs1">Kazemzadeh, F. (1991). "Iranian relations with Russia and the Soviet Union, to 1921". In <a href="/wiki/Peter_Avery" title="Peter Avery">Avery, Peter</a>; Hambly, Gavin R. G.; Melville, Charles Peter (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 314–350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20095-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20095-4"><bdi>0-521-20095-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iranian+relations+with+Russia+and+the+Soviet+Union%2C+to+1921&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran%2C+Volume+7%3A+From+Nadir+Shah+to+the+Islamic+Republic&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=314-350&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-521-20095-4&rft.aulast=Kazemzadeh&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH20Xt157iYUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthee2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Matthee, Rudi (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/safavids">"Safavid dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Safavid+dynasty&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Matthee&rft.aufirst=Rudi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fsafavids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthee2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Matthee" title="Rudi Matthee">Matthee, Rudi</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fFaw4od7nfUC"><i>Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857731814" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857731814"><bdi>978-0857731814</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persia+in+Crisis%3A+Safavid+Decline+and+the+Fall+of+Isfahan&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0857731814&rft.aulast=Matthee&rft.aufirst=Rudi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfFaw4od7nfUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattheeFloorClawson2013" class="citation book cs1">Matthee, Rudi; Floor, Willem; Clawson, Patrick (2013). <i>The Monetary History of Iran: From the Safavids to the Qajars</i>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857721723" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857721723"><bdi>978-0857721723</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monetary+History+of+Iran%3A+From+the+Safavids+to+the+Qajars&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0857721723&rft.aulast=Matthee&rft.aufirst=Rudi&rft.au=Floor%2C+Willem&rft.au=Clawson%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOberling2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Oberling, P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kangarlu-tribe">"Kangarlu"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XV/5: Ḵamsa of Jamāli–Karim Devona</i>. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 495. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934283-28-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934283-28-8"><bdi>978-1-934283-28-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kangarlu&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica%2C+Volume+XV%2F5%3A+%E1%B8%B4amsa+of+Jam%C4%81li%E2%80%93Karim+Devona&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=495&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-934283-28-8&rft.aulast=Oberling&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkangarlu-tribe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry1979" class="citation book cs1">Perry, John R. (1979). <i>Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747-1779</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226660981" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226660981"><bdi>978-0226660981</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karim+Khan+Zand%3A+A+History+of+Iran%2C+1747-1779&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0226660981&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1978" class="citation journal cs1">Reid, James J. (1978). "The Qajar Uymaq in the Safavid Period, 1500-1722". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (1/4). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 117–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210867808701542">10.1080/00210867808701542</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4310299">4310299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Qajar+Uymaq+in+the+Safavid+Period%2C+1500-1722&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=117-143&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210867808701542&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4310299%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwietochowski2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Swietochowski" title="Tadeusz Swietochowski">Swietochowski, Tadeusz</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cozSOSsv7ZsC"><i>Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521522458" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521522458"><bdi>978-0521522458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Azerbaijan%2C+1905%E2%80%931920%3A+The+Shaping+of+a+National+Identity+in+a+Muslim+Community&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0521522458&rft.aulast=Swietochowski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcozSOSsv7ZsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sinclair, Thomas A. (2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_23853">"Armenia (topography)"</a></span>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). Brill Online. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Armenia+%28topography%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Brill+Online&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=1873-9830&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-3%2F%2A-COM_23853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsibenko2021" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tsibenko, Veronika (2021). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/nakhchivan-COM_40258">"Nakhchivan"</a></span>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). Brill Online. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nakhchivan&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Brill+Online&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1873-9830&rft.aulast=Tsibenko&rft.aufirst=Veronika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-3%2Fnakhchivan-COM_40258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilmaz2015" class="citation journal cs1">Yilmaz, Harun (2015). "A Family Quarrel: Azerbaijani Historians against Soviet Iranologists". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>48</b> (5). Cambridge University Press: 769–783. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210862.2015.1058642">10.1080/00210862.2015.1058642</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142718875">142718875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Family+Quarrel%3A+Azerbaijani+Historians+against+Soviet+Iranologists&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=769-783&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210862.2015.1058642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142718875%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Harun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhichevan+Khanate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> 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