CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ANZUS - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d21ea657-af54-470d-9636-ce69edc503bd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ANZUS","wgTitle":"ANZUS","wgCurRevisionId":1258833679,"wgRevisionId":1258833679,"wgArticleId":4792222,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use Australian English from October 2023","All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English","Use dmy dates from February 2020","Articles needing additional references from August 2019","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021", "Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2024","Cold War treaties","Cold War alliances and military strategy","Cold War history of Australia","Military alliances involving the United States","Military alliances involving Australia","Military alliances involving New Zealand","Treaties concluded in 1951","Treaties entered into force in 1952","Australia–New Zealand military relations","New Zealand–United States military relations","Australia–United States military relations","20th-century military alliances","21st-century military alliances","Anglosphere"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ANZUS","wgRelevantArticleId":4792222,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q295875","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg/1200px-ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1252"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg/800px-ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="835"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg/640px-ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="668"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ANZUS - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ANZUS rootpage-ANZUS skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=ANZUS" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=ANZUS" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=ANZUS" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=ANZUS" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Treaty structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea,_Malaysia,_Borneo,_Vietnam,_and_the_War_on_Terror" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea,_Malaysia,_Borneo,_Vietnam,_and_the_War_on_Terror"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Korea, Malaysia, Borneo, Vietnam, and the War on Terror</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea,_Malaysia,_Borneo,_Vietnam,_and_the_War_on_Terror-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_reservations_about_the_MX_missile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_reservations_about_the_MX_missile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Australian reservations about the MX missile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_reservations_about_the_MX_missile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand_bans_nuclear_material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand_bans_nuclear_material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>New Zealand bans nuclear material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand_bans_nuclear_material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_suspends_obligations_to_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_suspends_obligations_to_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>United States suspends obligations to New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_suspends_obligations_to_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Timor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Timor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>East Timor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Timor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>1985 to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ANZUS</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3" title="أنزوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنزوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZYUS" title="ANZYUS – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ANZYUS" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%97%D0%AE%D0%A1" title="АНЗЮС – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="АНЗЮС" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS-Abkommen" title="ANZUS-Abkommen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ANZUS-Abkommen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آنزوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنزوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%ED%8F%89%EC%96%91_%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84_%EB%B3%B4%EC%9E%A5_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="태평양 안전 보장 조약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태평양 안전 보장 조약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1,_%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ავსტრალიის, ახალი ზელანდიისა და აშშ-ის დაცვის ხელშეკრულება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავსტრალიის, ახალი ზელანდიისა და აშშ-ის დაცვის ხელშეკრულება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%97%D0%AE%D0%A1" title="АНЗЮС – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АНЗЮС" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%97%D0%AE%D0%A1" title="АНЗЮС – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="АНЗЮС" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8,_%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ავსტრალიაშ, ახალი ზელანდიაშ დო ააშ-იშ თხილუაშ ხეკულუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ავსტრალიაშ, ახალი ზელანდიაშ დო ააშ-იშ თხილუაშ ხეკულუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzyus" title="Anzyus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Anzyus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakt_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Pacyfiku" title="Pakt Bezpieczeństwa Pacyfiku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pakt Bezpieczeństwa Pacyfiku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%97%D0%AE%D0%A1" title="АНЗЮС – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="АНЗЮС" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzus" title="Anzus – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anzus" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichomorsk%C3%BD_bezpe%C4%8Dnostn%C3%BD_pakt" title="Tichomorský bezpečnostný pakt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tichomorský bezpečnostný pakt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="அன்சஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அன்சஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="แอนซัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอนซัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%97%D0%AE%D0%A1" title="АНЗЮС – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="АНЗЮС" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%97%D0%AE%D0%A1" title="АНЗЮС – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="АНЗЮС" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="ANZUS" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אנזוס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אנזוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="太平洋安全保障條約 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太平洋安全保障條約" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q295875#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:ANZUS" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ANZUS"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ANZUS"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/ANZUS" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/ANZUS" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&oldid=1258833679" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=ANZUS&id=1258833679&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FANZUS"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FANZUS"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=ANZUS&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ANZUS" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q295875" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1951 collective security treaty between Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">ANZUS</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ANZUS_Logo_(20921987801).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg/200px-ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg/300px-ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg/400px-ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="1846" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">Collective security</a> agreement</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September 1951<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1951-09-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">29 April 1952<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1952-04-29</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (partially suspended)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citations</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/ATS/1952/2.html">[1952] ATS 2</a></span> (full text)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty</b> (<b>ANZUS</b> or <b>ANZUS Treaty</b>) is a 1951 <a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">collective security</a> agreement initially formed between <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It requires the parties to maintain their "capacity to resist armed attack", consult with each other on security matters in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> and declares that an armed attack on any of the parties "would be dangerous to [each signatories] peace and safety" and that each signatory "would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional processes".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also provides for a council of the signatories foreign ministers, in which the implementation of the treaty can be discussed. </p><p>The treaty was one of <a href="/wiki/Pactomania" title="Pactomania">a series</a> that the United States formed in the 1949–1955 era as part of its collective response to the threat of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand was suspended from ANZUS in 1986 as it initiated a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nuclear-free_zone" title="New Zealand nuclear-free zone">nuclear-free zone</a> in its territorial waters. In late 2012, the United States lifted a 26-year-old ban on visits by New Zealand warships to US Department of Defense and US Coast Guard bases around the world. New Zealand maintains a nuclear-free zone as part of its foreign policy and is partially suspended from ANZUS, as the United States maintains an ambiguous policy whether or not the warships carry nuclear weapons and operates numerous nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and submarines; however New Zealand resumed key areas of the ANZUS treaty in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treaty_structure">Treaty structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Treaty structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The treaty was previously a full three-way defence pact, but was disrupted following a dispute between <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in 1984 over visiting rights for ships and submarines capable of carrying nuclear arms<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or nuclear-powered ships of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> to New Zealand ports. The treaty became between <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and New Zealand, and between Australia and the United States. While the treaty has lapsed between the United States and New Zealand, it remains separately in force between both of those states and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, the United States opened its ports to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a> once again, and under the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">presidency of Bill Clinton</a> in the US and the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">government of Helen Clark</a> in New Zealand, the countries have since reestablished bilateral cooperation on defence and security.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While ANZUS is commonly recognised to have split in 1984, the Australia–US alliance remains in full force. Heads of defence of one or both states often have joined the annual ministerial meetings, which are supplemented by consultations between the US Combatant Commander Pacific and the Australian Chief of Defence Force. There are also regular civilian and military consultations between the two governments at lower levels. </p><p>Annual meetings to discuss ANZUS defence matters take place between the United States Secretaries of Defense and State and the Australian Ministers of Defence and Foreign Affairs are known by the acronym <a href="/wiki/AUSMIN" title="AUSMIN">AUSMIN</a>. The AUSMIN meeting for 2011 took place in San Francisco in September. The 2012 AUSMIN meeting was in <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth, Western Australia</a> in November.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AUSMIN continues to meet annually, most recently in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO), ANZUS has no integrated defence structure or dedicated forces. Nevertheless, Australia and the United States conduct a variety of joint activities. These include military exercises ranging from naval and landing exercises at the task-group level to battalion-level special forces training, assigning officers to each other's armed services, and standardising equipment and operational doctrine. The two countries also operate several joint-defence facilities in Australia, mainly ground stations for <a href="/wiki/Spy_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy satellite">spy satellite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">signals intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Echelon_(signals_intelligence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Echelon (signals intelligence)">ECHELON</a> network. </p><p>During the 2010s, New Zealand and the US resumed a close relationship, although it is unclear whether the revived partnership falls under the aegis of the 1951 trilateral treaty. The Wellington Declaration of 2010 defined a "strategic partnership" between New Zealand and the US, and New Zealand joined the biennial <a href="/wiki/Rim_of_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Rim of the Pacific">Rim of the Pacific</a> military exercise off <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> in 2012, for the first time since 1984. The US prohibition on New Zealand ships making port at US bases was lifted after the 2012 exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/ANZUS" title="Special:EditPage/ANZUS">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22ANZUS%22">"ANZUS"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22ANZUS%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22ANZUS%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22ANZUS%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22ANZUS%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22ANZUS%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-3B_RNZAF_USN_MirageIII_RAAF_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/P-3B_RNZAF_USN_MirageIII_RAAF_1982.jpg/220px-P-3B_RNZAF_USN_MirageIII_RAAF_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/P-3B_RNZAF_USN_MirageIII_RAAF_1982.jpg/330px-P-3B_RNZAF_USN_MirageIII_RAAF_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/P-3B_RNZAF_USN_MirageIII_RAAF_1982.jpg/440px-P-3B_RNZAF_USN_MirageIII_RAAF_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Australian, New Zealand, and United States aircraft during a military exercise in 1982</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a> and the decline of British power in Asia, Australia began to search for other partners to ensure its security. Australia and New Zealand also felt threatened by the possibility of a resurgent Japan and the spread of communism to their North.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Percy_Spender" title="Percy Spender">Percy Spender</a>, Australia's minister for external affairs, sought a broader Pacific security agreement in 1950 which would include Australia, the UK, other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries and the United States. The latter's participation was essential, with Spencer stating the agreement "would be meaningless without the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point however, both the UK and the US were disinterested in such an agreement, with both seeking to limit their engagement with Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> in mid-1950 changed American views. Australia committed to the Korean War before the United Kingdom and continued to further court the Americans. While Australia could not convince the US to sign a harsher peace treaty with Japan to restrain future military aggression, they did press for further assurances that they would retain a voice in Pacific security decisions and for an American security commitment in return for their approval of the treaty. The United States was initially reluctant, but the need to strengthen the West against communism grew with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">communist victory in the Chinese Civil War</a> in 1949 and the 1950-1953 <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The treaty allayed antipodean fears that such a peace would allow Japan to threaten them again.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States was initially reluctant, with the president instead an informal guarantee of protection. However, Australia pushed for a more formal agreement, with Spender noting that "Presidents come and presidents go." However, the treaty did not include an automatic commitment to armed assistance like in <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, with Spender expecting that this could not be ratified by the <a href="/wiki/US_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate">US Senate</a> who would wish to retain the congressional power to declare war. Instead, the text of the treaty mirrored the text of the <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a> which stated that attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">American continent</a> would be seen as "dangerous to its own peace and security".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resulting treaty was concluded at San Francisco on 1 September 1951, and entered into force on 29 April 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korea,_Malaysia,_Borneo,_Vietnam,_and_the_War_on_Terror"><span id="Korea.2C_Malaysia.2C_Borneo.2C_Vietnam.2C_and_the_War_on_Terror"></span>Korea, Malaysia, Borneo, Vietnam, and the War on Terror</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Korea, Malaysia, Borneo, Vietnam, and the War on Terror"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Westmoreland_visits_161st_Field_Battery,_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery_at_Nui_Dat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/General_Westmoreland_visits_161st_Field_Battery%2C_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery_at_Nui_Dat.jpg/220px-General_Westmoreland_visits_161st_Field_Battery%2C_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery_at_Nui_Dat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/General_Westmoreland_visits_161st_Field_Battery%2C_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery_at_Nui_Dat.jpg/330px-General_Westmoreland_visits_161st_Field_Battery%2C_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery_at_Nui_Dat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/General_Westmoreland_visits_161st_Field_Battery%2C_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery_at_Nui_Dat.jpg/440px-General_Westmoreland_visits_161st_Field_Battery%2C_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery_at_Nui_Dat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>U.S. General Westmoreland talks to the commander of the New Zealand artillery battery alongside Australian senior officers in Vietnam, in 1967.</figcaption></figure> <p>The treaty itself was not a source of debate for over 30 years, with New Zealand participating as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Forces_Korea" title="British Commonwealth Forces Korea">British Commonwealth Forces</a> in the Korean War and the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a>, and directly as part of ANZUS in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="New Zealand in the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. The Vietnam War was the first conflict New Zealand entered that did not involve the British or any other Commonwealth countries outside of Australia. As an ANZUS member New Zealand contributed military and non military assistance to the United States war effort in Vietnam from 1963 until 1975. New Zealand and Australian combat forces were withdrawn in 1972 and New Zealand non-military medical aid continued until 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a>, New Zealand sent transport aircraft, maritime patrol aircraft, and frigates to the Persian Gulf, as well as a very small number of soldiers, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Special_Air_Service" title="New Zealand Special Air Service">SAS</a> soldiers, medical and assorted and peace-keeping forces, to Afghanistan in 2001. Despite Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> being openly critical of American justifications for the <a href="/wiki/2003_Iraq_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Iraq war">2003 Iraq war</a>, New Zealand did send engineer troops to Iraq following the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These troops were however officially engaged in reconstruction under UN Security Council Resolution 1483 and were non-combatant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_reservations_about_the_MX_missile">Australian reservations about the MX missile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australian reservations about the MX missile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration#Australia" title="Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration § Australia</a></div> <p>In 1983, the Reagan Administration approached Australia with proposals for testing the new generation of American <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">MX missile</a>. American test ranges in the Pacific were insufficient for testing the new long-range missiles and the United States military wished to use the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a> as a target area. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal Party</a> had agreed to provide monitoring sites near <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1985, the newly elected Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a>, withdrew Australia from the testing programme, sparking criticism from the Reagan Administration. Hawke had been pressured into doing so by the left-wing faction of the Labor Party, which opposed the proposed MX missile test in the Tasman Sea. The Labor left-wing faction also strongly sympathized with the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Labour Government">Fourth Labour Government</a>'s anti-nuclear policy and supported a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rarotonga" title="Treaty of Rarotonga">South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ted_Carpenter_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ted_Carpenter-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To preserve its joint Australian-US military communications facilities, the Reagan Administration also had to assure the Hawke Government that those installations would not be used in the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> project, which the Australian Labor Party strongly opposed. Despite these disagreements, the Hawke Labor Government still remained supportive of the ANZUS security treaty. It also did not support its New Zealand counterpart's ban on nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered ships. Following the ANZUS Split in February 1985, the Australian government also endorsed the Reagan Administration's plans to cancel trilateral military exercises and to postpone the ANZUS foreign ministers conference. However, it still continued to maintain bilateral military ties and continued to share intelligence information with New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Ted_Carpenter_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ted_Carpenter-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike New Zealand, Australia continued to allow US warships to visit its ports and to participate in joint military exercises with the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand_bans_nuclear_material">New Zealand bans nuclear material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New Zealand bans nuclear material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%27s_nuclear-free_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand's nuclear-free zone">New Zealand's nuclear-free zone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_powered_cruisers_of_the_United_States_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy">Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy</a></div> <p>In 1985, the nature of the ANZUS alliance changed significantly. Due to a current of <a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nuclear">anti-nuclear</a> sentiment within New Zealand, tension had long been present between ANZUS members as the United States is a declared nuclear power. France, a naval power and a declared nuclear power, had been conducting <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_tests" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear tests">nuclear tests</a> on South Pacific Islands. Following the victory of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1984 New Zealand general election">election in 1984</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a> barred <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear-powered</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear-armed</a> ships from using New Zealand ports or entering <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_waters" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand waters">New Zealand waters</a>. Reasons given were the dangers of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a>, continued <a href="/wiki/French_nuclear_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="French nuclear testing">French nuclear testing</a> in the South Pacific, and opposition to US President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s policy of aggressively confronting the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given that the United States Navy had a policy of deliberate ambiguity during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Policy_of_deliberate_ambiguity" title="Policy of deliberate ambiguity">refused to confirm or deny</a> the presence of nuclear weapons aboard its warships and support ships,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these laws essentially refused access to New Zealand ports for all United States Navy vessels. In February 1985, a port-visit request by the United States for the guided-missile destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Buchanan_(DDG-14)" title="USS Buchanan (DDG-14)">USS <i>Buchanan</i></a> was refused by New Zealand, as the <i>Buchanan</i> was capable of launching <a href="/wiki/RUR-5_ASROC" title="RUR-5 ASROC">RUR-5 ASROC</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_depth_bomb" title="Nuclear depth bomb">nuclear depth bombs</a>. As this occurred after the government unofficially invited the United States to send a ship, the refusal of access was interpreted by the United States as a deliberate slight. </p><p>According to opinion polls taken before the 1984 election, only 30 per cent of New Zealanders supported visits by US warships with a clear majority of 58 per cent opposed, and over 66 per cent of the population lived in locally declared <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-free_zone" title="Nuclear-free zone">nuclear-free zones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An opinion poll commissioned by the 1986 Defence Committee of Enquiry confirmed that 92 per cent now opposed nuclear weapons in New Zealand and 69 per cent opposed warship visits; 92 per cent wanted New Zealand to promote <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">nuclear disarmament</a> through the UN, while 88 per cent supported the promotion of nuclear-free zones.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_suspends_obligations_to_New_Zealand">United States suspends obligations to New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States suspends obligations to New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration#New_Zealand" title="Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration § New Zealand</a></div> <p>After consultations with Australia and after negotiations with New Zealand broke down, the United States announced that it was suspending its treaty obligations to New Zealand until United States Navy ships were re-admitted to New Zealand ports, citing that New Zealand was "a friend, but not an ally".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crisis made front-page headlines for weeks in many American newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Lange did not withdraw New Zealand from ANZUS, although his government's policy led to the US's decision to suspend its treaty obligations to New Zealand. </p><p>An opinion poll in New Zealand in 1991,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showed 54% of those sampled preferred to let the treaty lapse rather than accept visits again by nuclear-armed or nuclear-powered vessels. The policy did not become law until 8 June 1987 with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Nuclear_Free_Zone,_Disarmament,_and_Arms_Control_Act_1987" title="New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987">New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987</a>, more than two years after the <i>Buchanan</i> was refused entry after the US refused to declare the presence or absence of nuclear weapons, and a year after the US suspended its treaty obligations to New Zealand. This law effectively made the entire country a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%27s_nuclear-free_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand's nuclear-free zone">nuclear-free zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the ANZUS split, US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/George_P._Shultz" class="mw-redirect" title="George P. Shultz">George P. Shultz</a> maintained that the ANZUS structure was still in place, should NZ decide in the future to reverse its anti-nuclear policy and return to a fully operational defence relationship with the US. President Reagan also maintained in <i>NSDD 193</i> (<a href="/wiki/Presidential_directive" title="Presidential directive">National Security Decision Directive</a>) that New Zealand still remained a "friend, but not an ally".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 July 1985, agents of the French <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_External_Security" title="Directorate-General for External Security">Directorate-General for External Security</a> bombed the <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> protest vessel <i><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior" title="Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior">Rainbow Warrior</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, causing one death. The lack of condemnation by Western leaders to this violation of a friendly state's sovereignty caused a great deal of change in New Zealand's foreign and defence policy,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and strengthened domestic opposition to the military application of nuclear technology in any form. New Zealand distanced itself from its traditional ally, the United States, and built relationships with small South Pacific countries, while retaining its good relations with Australia, and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The suspension of New Zealand in ANZUS has had significant effect on New Zealand–United States relations and on New Zealand domestic policy. The anti-nuclear policy has been a part of New Zealand political culture for years now. However, that has not stopped United States politicians from trying to change the policy. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush-Howard_2001_review.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bush-Howard_2001_review.jpg/220px-Bush-Howard_2001_review.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bush-Howard_2001_review.jpg/330px-Bush-Howard_2001_review.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bush-Howard_2001_review.jpg/440px-Bush-Howard_2001_review.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Australian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a> and US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> on 10 September 2001. Howard was in Washington during the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11 September attacks</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Australia and New Zealand both provided military units, including special forces and naval ships, in support of the US-led "<a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Operation Enduring Freedom</a>" for support for anti-<a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> forces in response to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">11 September 2001 terrorist attacks</a>. Providing 1,550 troops, Australia remains the largest non-<a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> contributor of military personnel in Afghanistan. New Zealand committed 191 troops.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Timor">East Timor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: East Timor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1999 and 2003, the armed forces of Australia and New Zealand deployed together in a large scale operation in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>, to prevent <a href="/wiki/Pro-Indonesian_militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Indonesian militia">pro-Indonesian militia</a> from overturning a <a href="/wiki/1999_East_Timorese_independence_referendum" title="1999 East Timorese independence referendum">vote for independence</a> on the region. The United States provided only limited logistical support but the <a href="/wiki/USS_Mobile_Bay" title="USS Mobile Bay">USS <i>Mobile Bay</i></a> provided air defence for the initial entry operation. The operation was taken over by the United Nations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One topic that became prominent in the 2000s was the implications in the case of a hypothetical attack by the People's Republic of China against <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, who would likely receive American support. While Australia has strong cultural and economic ties with the United States, it also has an increasingly important trade relationship with mainland China. </p><p>In August 2004, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Downer" title="Alexander Downer">Alexander Downer</a> implied in Beijing that the treaty would likely not apply to that situation, but he was quickly corrected by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a>. In March 2005, after an official of the People's Republic of China stated that it may be necessary for Australia to reassess the treaty and after China passed an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a> regarding Taiwan, Downer stated that in case of Chinese aggression on Taiwan, the treaty would come into force, but that the treaty would require only consultations with the United States and not necessarily commit Australia to war.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1985_to_present">1985 to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1985 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand – United States relations">New Zealand – United States relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia – United States relations">Australia – United States relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australia_%E2%80%93_New_Zealand_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia – New Zealand relations">Australia – New Zealand relations</a></div> <p>Annual bilateral meetings between the US Secretary of State and the Australian Foreign Minister replaced annual meetings of the ANZUS Council of Foreign Ministers. The first bilateral meeting was held in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> in 1985. At the second meeting, in San Francisco in 1986, the United States announced that it was suspending its treaty security obligations to New Zealand pending the restoration of port access. Subsequent bilateral Australia–US Ministerial (AUSMIN) meetings have alternated between Australia and the United States. </p><p>The alliance engenders some political controversy in Australia. Particularly after Australian involvement in the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 Iraq war</a>, some quarters of Australian society have called for a re-evaluation of the relationship between the two nations. Nonetheless, the alliance enjoyed broad support during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continues to enjoy broad support in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One commentator in Australia has argued that the treaty should be re-negotiated in the context of terrorism, the modern role of the United Nations and as a purely US–Australian alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australia is also a contributor to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_national_missile_defense" title="United States national missile defense">National Missile Defense</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2006, US Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia, Pacific Affairs and Northern Atlantinc Ocean <a href="/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill" title="Christopher R. Hill">Christopher Hill</a>, described the New Zealand anti-nuclear issue as "a bit of a relic", and signalled that the US wanted a closer defence relationship with New Zealand. He also praised New Zealand's involvement in Afghanistan and reconstruction in Iraq. "Rather than trying to change each other's minds on the nuclear issue, which is a bit of a relic, I think we should focus on things we can make work" he told an Australian newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there have been signs of the nuclear dispute between the US and NZ thawing out, pressure from the United States increased in 2006 with US trade officials linking the repeal of the ban of American nuclear ships from New Zealand's ports to a potential <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> agreement between the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweekly_NZ_Nuke_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweekly_NZ_Nuke-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 February 2008, US Trade Representative <a href="/wiki/Susan_Schwab" title="Susan Schwab">Susan Schwab</a> announced that the United States will join negotiations with four Asia–<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> countries: <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and Singapore to be known as the <b>"P-4"</b>. These countries already have a FTA called the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Strategic_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement">Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership</a> and the United States will be looking to become involved in the "vitally important emerging Asia-Pacific region". A number of US-based organisations support the negotiations including, but not limited to: the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">United States Chamber of Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Manufacturers" title="National Association of Manufacturers">National Association of Manufacturers</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Foreign_Trade_Council" title="National Foreign Trade Council">National Foreign Trade Council</a>, Emergency Committee for American Trade and Coalition of Service Industries.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the United States and New Zealand signed the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations#Wellington_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand – United States relations">Wellington Declaration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, New Zealand, during a three-day visit by US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>. The signing of the declaration ended the ANZUS dispute of the past 25 years, and it was later revealed the US and New Zealand had resumed military co-operation in eight areas in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-TVNZ_3979890_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TVNZ_3979890-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 November 2011, US President Obama and Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard met in Canberra, Australia to announce plans for a sustained new American presence on Australian soil. 2,500 American troops are to be deployed to Darwin, Australia. </p><p>New Zealand and the United States signed the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations#Washington_Declaration_and_Military_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand – United States relations">Washington Declaration</a> on 19 June 2012 "to promote and strengthen closer bilateral defense and security cooperation".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 September 2012, while on a visit to New Zealand, US Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> announced that the United States was lifting the 26-year-old ban on visits by New Zealand warships to US Department of Defense and US Coast Guard bases around the world;<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US Marines had trained in New Zealand and New Zealand's navy took part in the RIMPAC maritime exercises alongside the US earlier that year.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a> (RNZN) invited the United States Navy to send a vessel to participate in the RNZN's 75th Birthday Celebrations in Auckland over the weekend of 19–21 November 2016. The guided-missile destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Sampson_(DDG-102)" title="USS Sampson (DDG-102)">USS <i>Sampson</i></a> became the first US warship to visit New Zealand in 33 years. New Zealand Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> granted approval for the ship's visit under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987, which requires that the Prime Minister has to be satisfied that any visiting ship is not nuclear armed or powered.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2016_Kaik%C5%8Dura_earthquake" title="2016 Kaikōura earthquake">7.8 magnitude Kaikōura earthquake</a> on 14 November 2016 the <i>Sampson</i> and other naval ships from Australia, Canada, Japan and Singapore were diverted to proceed directly to <a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura" title="Kaikōura">Kaikōura</a> to provide humanitarian assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2021 Australia, the UK and the USA signed the <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a> agreement, a trilateral security partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. New Zealand did not participate and any nuclear submarines developed under the pact will be banned from New Zealand waters under their existing nuclear restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUSCANNZUKUS" title="AUSCANNZUKUS">AUSCANNZUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a> – 2021 Australia, United Kingdom and United States security partnership</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(New_Zealand)" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (New Zealand)">Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Power_Defence_Arrangements" title="Five Power Defence Arrangements">Five Power Defence Arrangements</a> (FPDA) – Defence cooperation among Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand Defence Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Gap" title="Pine Gap">Pine Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</a> (QUAD) – Strategic dialogue among Australia, India, Japan and US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO) – 1954–1977 international collective defense organisation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/anzus-comes-into-force">"ANZUS treaty comes into force"</a>. <i>NZ History</i>. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 5 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+History&rft.atitle=ANZUS+treaty+comes+into+force&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fanzus-comes-into-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustraliaNew_ZealandUnited_States1951" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (1 September 1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/ATS/1952/2.html">"Security Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government_Publishing_Service" title="Australian Government Publishing Service">Australian Government Publishing Service</a> – via <a href="/wiki/AustLII" class="mw-redirect" title="AustLII">AustLII</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+Treaty+between+Australia%2C+New+Zealand+and+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Publishing+Service&rft.date=1951-09-01&rft.au=Australia&rft.au=New+Zealand&rft.au=United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fother%2Fdfat%2Ftreaties%2FATS%2F1952%2F2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Gabriel Starke, <i>The ANZUS Treaty Alliance</i> (Melbourne University Press, 1965)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2012" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, David (21 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/09/21/us-lifts-ban-on-new-zealand-warships-new-zealand-keeps-nuclear-free-stance/">"U.S. lifts ban on New Zealand warships, New Zealand keeps nuclear-free stance"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=U.S.+lifts+ban+on+New+Zealand+warships%2C+New+Zealand+keeps+nuclear-free+stance&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2012%2F09%2F21%2Fus-lifts-ban-on-new-zealand-warships-new-zealand-keeps-nuclear-free-stance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristensen2012" class="citation web cs1">Kristensen, Hans (23 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/blogs/security/2012/09/newzealand/">"In Warming US-NZ Relations, Outdated Nuclear Policy Remains Unnecessary Irritant"</a>. <i>Federation of American Scientists</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.atitle=In+Warming+US-NZ+Relations%2C+Outdated+Nuclear+Policy+Remains+Unnecessary+Irritant&rft.date=2012-09-23&rft.aulast=Kristensen&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fblogs%2Fsecurity%2F2012%2F09%2Fnewzealand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The test for ship access was decided as nuclear capability not actual proof of nuclear armament by a NZLP 1984 committee of President Margaret Wilson, Chair of the Defence and Foreign Affairs Committee and MP and former President Jim Anderton and MP Fran Wilde ,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King M: 2003, The Penguin History of New Zealand, Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, Auckland 1310, New Zealand. p426 and pp. 495–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crs-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crs_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crs_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42993.pdf">"New Zealand: U.S. Security Cooperation and the U.S. Rebalancing to Asia Strategy, government report, 8 March 2013, Congressional Research Service"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FAS.org. 8 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%3A+U.S.+Security+Cooperation+and+the+U.S.+Rebalancing+to+Asia+Strategy%2C+government+report%2C+8+March+2013%2C+Congressional+Research+Service&rft.pub=FAS.org&rft.date=2013-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FR42993.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2011/kr_mr_110914.html">"AUSMIN 2011, media release, 14 September 2011, Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs"</a>. Foreignminister.gov.au. 14 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AUSMIN+2011%2C+media+release%2C+14+September+2011%2C+Australian+Minister+for+Foreign+Affairs&rft.pub=Foreignminister.gov.au&rft.date=2011-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforeignminister.gov.au%2Freleases%2F2011%2Fkr_mr_110914.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3476036/fact-sheet-2023-australia-us-ministerial-consultations-ausmin/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNews%2FReleases%2FRelease%2FArticle%2F3476036%2Ffact-sheet-2023-australia-us-ministerial-consultations-ausmin%2F">"Fact Sheet: 2023 Australia – U.S. Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN)"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of Defense</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Defense&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+2023+Australia+%E2%80%93+U.S.+Ministerial+Consultations+%28AUSMIN%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNews%2FReleases%2FRelease%2FArticle%2F3476036%2Ffact-sheet-2023-australia-us-ministerial-consultations-ausmin%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.defense.gov%252FNews%252FReleases%252FRelease%252FArticle%252F3476036%252Ffact-sheet-2023-australia-us-ministerial-consultations-ausmin%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/anzus">"Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian"</a>. <i>history.state.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.state.gov&rft.atitle=Milestones%3A+1945%E2%80%931952+-+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1945-1952%2Fanzus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2022" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Michael (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00223433221077302">"Different fears, same alliance: Multilateralism, assurance and the origins of the 1951 United States–New Zealand–Australia alliance"</a>. <i>Journal of Peace Research</i>. <b>60</b> (2): 322–336. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00223433221077302">10.1177/00223433221077302</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3433">0022-3433</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250472154">250472154</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Peace+Research&rft.atitle=Different+fears%2C+same+alliance%3A+Multilateralism%2C+assurance+and+the+origins+of+the+1951+United+States%E2%80%93New+Zealand%E2%80%93Australia+alliance&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=322-336&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250472154%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-3433&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F00223433221077302&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F00223433221077302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historichansard.net/hofreps/1950/19500309_reps_19_206/#subdebate-30-0"><i>Parliamentary Debates: House of Representatives Offical Hansard</i></a>. 9 March 1950. p. 632.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates%3A+House+of+Representatives+Offical+Hansard&rft.pages=632&rft.date=1950-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorichansard.net%2Fhofreps%2F1950%2F19500309_reps_19_206%2F%23subdebate-30-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyngell2017" class="citation book cs1">Gyngell, Allan (2017). <i>Fear of Abandonment: Australia in the World since 1942</i>. La Trobe University Press. pp. 51–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-918-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-918-6"><bdi>978-1-86395-918-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fear+of+Abandonment%3A+Australia+in+the+World+since+1942&rft.pages=51-6&rft.pub=La+Trobe+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-918-6&rft.aulast=Gyngell&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David McLean, "Anzus Origins: A Reassessment," <i>Australian Historical Studies</i> 24#94 (1990), pp. 64-82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/anzus-comes-into-force">"ANZUS treaty comes into force | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"</a>. <i>nzhistory.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=ANZUS+treaty+comes+into+force+%7C+NZHistory%2C+New+Zealand+history+online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fanzus-comes-into-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William David McIntyre, <i> Background to the Anzus Pact: Policy-Making, Strategy and Diplomacy, 1945-55</i> (1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Surgical and medical support', URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://vietnamwar.govt.nz/nz-vietnam-war/surgical-and-medical-support">https://vietnamwar.govt.nz/nz-vietnam-war/surgical-and-medical-support</a> (VietnamWar.govt.nz) Accessed 22 December 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3059403.stm">"NZ PM backs Blair's Iraq conduct"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 July 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=NZ+PM+backs+Blair%27s+Iraq+conduct&rft.date=2003-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F3059403.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamantha_Maiden2012" class="citation news cs1">Samantha Maiden (1 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/us-planned-to-fire-missile-at-australia-secret-cabinet-papers-from-the-1980s-reveal/story-fn6b3v4f-1226234002376">"US planned to fire missile at Australia, secret Cabinet papers from the 1980s reveal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=US+planned+to+fire+missile+at+Australia%2C+secret+Cabinet+papers+from+the+1980s+reveal&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.au=Samantha+Maiden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fus-planned-to-fire-missile-at-australia-secret-cabinet-papers-from-the-1980s-reveal%2Fstory-fn6b3v4f-1226234002376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/us-rocket-plan-became-hawkes-first-setback-20121231-2c2ia.html">"US rocket plan became Hawke's first setback"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 1 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=US+rocket+plan+became+Hawke%27s+first+setback&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fopinion%2Fpolitical-news%2Fus-rocket-plan-became-hawkes-first-setback-20121231-2c2ia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514222021/http://www.library.unisa.edu.au/BHPML/anniversary/1985.asp">"Hawke Government events: 1985"</a>. The Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Library. 6 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.unisa.edu.au/bhpml/anniversary/1985.asp">the original</a> on 14 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawke+Government+events%3A+1985&rft.pub=The+Bob+Hawke+Prime+Ministerial+Library&rft.date=2013-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.unisa.edu.au%2Fbhpml%2Fanniversary%2F1985.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ted_Carpenter-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ted_Carpenter_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ted_Carpenter_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1986" class="citation journal cs1">Carpenter, Ted (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513133310/http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa067es.html">"Pursuing a Strategic Divorce: The U.S. and the Anzus Alliance"</a>. <i>Cato Institute Policy Analysis</i> (67). <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>: 4–5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa067es.html">the original</a> on 13 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cato+Institute+Policy+Analysis&rft.atitle=Pursuing+a+Strategic+Divorce%3A+The+U.S.+and+the+Anzus+Alliance&rft.issue=67&rft.pages=4-5&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cato.org%2Fpubs%2Fpas%2Fpa067es.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"US Ships to Visit Sydney", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Southland_Times" title="The Southland Times">The Southland Times</a></i>, 22 February 1985, p.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"US Ships to Visit Australian Ports", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>, 22 February 1985, p.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy L. Catalinac, "Why New Zealand took itself out of ANZUS: observing "opposition for autonomy" in asymmetric alliances." <i>Foreign Policy Analysis</i> 6.4 (2010): 317-338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Operations Coordinating Board (part of President Eisenhower's National Security Council) established the US policy in 1958 of neither confirming nor denying (NCND) the presence or absence of nuclear weapons at any general or specific location, including aboard any US military station, ship, vehicle, or aircraft."<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2006" class="citation web cs1">Morgan, J.G. Jr. (3 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/navy/opnavinst/5721_1f.pdf">"Release of Information on Nuclear Weapons and on Nuclear Capabilities of U.S. Forces (OPNAVINST 5721.1F N5GP)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Department of the Navy – Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. pp. 1–2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Release+of+Information+on+Nuclear+Weapons+and+on+Nuclear+Capabilities+of+U.S.+Forces+%28OPNAVINST+5721.1F+N5GP%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Navy+%E2%80%93+Office+of+the+Chief+of+Naval+Operations&rft.date=2006-02-03&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=J.G.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Firp%2Fdoddir%2Fnavy%2Fopnavinst%2F5721_1f.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disarmsecure.org/publications/papers/legal_challenges.html#footnotes25">Disarmament and Security Centre: Publications – Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060614183526/http://www.disarmsecure.org/publications/papers/legal_challenges.html#footnotes25">Archived</a> 14 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disarmsecure.org/publications/papers/legal_challenges.html#footnotes35">Disarmament and Security Centre: Publications – Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213164133/http://www.disarmsecure.org/publications/papers/legal_challenges.html#footnotes35">Archived</a> 13 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLange1990" class="citation book cs1">Lange, David (1990). <i>Nuclear Free: The New Zealand Way: Books: David Lange, Michael Gifkins</i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140145192" title="Special:BookSources/0140145192"><bdi>0140145192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Free%3A+The+New+Zealand+Way%3A+Books%3A+David+Lange%2C+Michael+Gifkins&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0140145192&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220134021/http://apsa2000.anu.edu.au/confpapers/fridriksson.rtf">"The Australian National University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apsa2000.anu.edu.au/confpapers/fridriksson.rtf">the original</a> on 20 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Australian+National+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapsa2000.anu.edu.au%2Fconfpapers%2Ffridriksson.rtf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202095327/http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1991/15/15p18b.htm">"NZ Nationals move closer to US"</a>. Green Left. 12 June 1991. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1991/15/15p18b.htm">the original</a> on 2 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZ+Nationals+move+closer+to+US&rft.pub=Green+Left&rft.date=1991-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenleft.org.au%2Fback%2F1991%2F15%2F15p18b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/nuclear-free-new-zealand/nuclear-free-zone">"Nuclear-free legislation – nuclear-free New Zealand"</a>. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 30 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear-free+legislation+%E2%80%93+nuclear-free+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fpolitics%2Fnuclear-free-new-zealand%2Fnuclear-free-zone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'U.S. Policy on the New Zealand Port Access Issue', National Security Decision Directive 193, 21 October 1985, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a> Intelligence Program, accessed 22 October 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-193.htm">https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-193.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Keith Sinclair</a>, <i>A History of New Zealand</i> <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, New Zealand, 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nuclear Free: The New Zealand Way, The Right Honourable <a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>,1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcorporateName=Commonwealth_Parliament;_address=Parliament_House" class="citation web cs1">corporateName=Commonwealth Parliament; address=Parliament House, Canberra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook43p/adfafghanistan">"Australian Defence Force in Afghanistan"</a>. <i>www.aph.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aph.gov.au&rft.atitle=Australian+Defence+Force+in+Afghanistan&rft.aulast=corporateName%3DCommonwealth+Parliament%3B+address%3DParliament+House&rft.aufirst=Canberra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FParliamentary_Departments%2FParliamentary_Library%2Fpubs%2FBriefingBook43p%2Fadfafghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assda.anu.edu.au/polls/M0004.html">ASSDA – Opinion Poll – M0004: Morgan Gallup Poll, May 1984 (Computer Reports)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041106121858/http://assda.anu.edu.au/polls/M0004.html">Archived</a> 6 November 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/03/29/1080544419833.html?oneclick=true">"Destined to stay with the USA – OpinionGerardHenderson"</a>. <i>smh.com.au</i>. 30 March 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=smh.com.au&rft.atitle=Destined+to+stay+with+the+USA+%E2%80%93+OpinionGerardHenderson&rft.date=2004-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Farticles%2F2004%2F03%2F29%2F1080544419833.html%3Foneclick%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=2140">"It's time to trade in, and trade up, the outdated ANZUS treaty – On Line Opinion – 15/4/2004"</a>. On Line Opinion<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+time+to+trade+in%2C+and+trade+up%2C+the+outdated+ANZUS+treaty+%E2%80%93+On+Line+Opinion+%E2%80%93+15%2F4%2F2004&rft.pub=On+Line+Opinion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlineopinion.com.au%2Fview.asp%3Farticle%3D2140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usembassy-australia.state.gov/ausmin/2004/missile-defense.html">U.S. and Australia Sign Missile Defense Agreement – AUSMIN 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090314040107/http://usembassy-australia.state.gov/ausmin/2004/missile-defense.html">Archived</a> 14 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061218095550/http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2003/fa151_03.html">"Australia to Join US Missile Defence Program"</a>. Foreignminister.gov.au. 4 December 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2003/fa151_03.html">the original</a> on 18 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia+to+Join+US+Missile+Defence+Program&rft.pub=Foreignminister.gov.au&rft.date=2003-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignminister.gov.au%2Freleases%2F2003%2Ffa151_03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoff_Elliott2007" class="citation news cs1">Geoff Elliott (22 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202175534/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21425192-2703,00.html">"Better relations on the menu as Kiwi PM dines with Bush"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21425192-2703,00.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Better+relations+on+the+menu+as+Kiwi+PM+dines+with+Bush&rft.date=2007-03-22&rft.au=Geoff+Elliott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.news.com.au%2Fstory%2F0%2C20867%2C21425192-2703%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newsweekly_NZ_Nuke-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newsweekly_NZ_Nuke_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415060447/http://www.newsweekly.com.au/articles/2002nov02_nz1.html">"New Zealand: US links free trade to repeal of NZ nuclear ships ban – November 2, 2002"</a>. Newsweekly.com.au. 2 November 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweekly.com.au/articles/2002nov02_nz1.html">the original</a> on 15 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%3A+US+links+free+trade+to+repeal+of+NZ+nuclear+ships+ban+%E2%80%93+November+2%2C+2002&rft.pub=Newsweekly.com.au&rft.date=2002-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweekly.com.au%2Farticles%2F2002nov02_nz1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/Press_Releases/2008/February/asset_upload_file806_14451.pdf">Office of the United States Trade Representative</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528124444/http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/Press_Releases/2008/February/asset_upload_file806_14451.pdf">Archived</a> 28 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usnzcouncil.org/recent_events.htm">Recent Events</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517014931/http://www.usnzcouncil.org/recent_events.htm">Archived</a> 17 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TVNZ_3979890-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TVNZ_3979890_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918001714/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/wikileaks-cables-say-nz-3979890">"What the WikiLeaks cables say about NZ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Television_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Television New Zealand">Television New Zealand</a></i>. 20 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/wikileaks-cables-say-nz-3979890">the original</a> on 18 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Television+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=What+the+WikiLeaks+cables+say+about+NZ&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvnz.co.nz%2Fnational-news%2Fwikileaks-cables-say-nz-3979890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616174532/http://usnzcouncil.org/us-nz-issues/washington-declaration/">"Washington Declaration"</a>. United States-New Zealand Council. 19 June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usnzcouncil.org/us-nz-issues/washington-declaration">the original</a> on 16 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Declaration&rft.pub=United+States-New+Zealand+Council&rft.date=2012-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusnzcouncil.org%2Fus-nz-issues%2Fwashington-declaration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/9557083/US-lifts-ban-on-New-Zealand-naval-ships.html">"US lifts ban on New Zealand naval ships"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. 21 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/9557083/US-lifts-ban-on-New-Zealand-naval-ships.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=US+lifts+ban+on+New+Zealand+naval+ships&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Faustraliaandthepacific%2Fnewzealand%2F9557083%2FUS-lifts-ban-on-New-Zealand-naval-ships.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2012" class="citation news cs1">Alexander, David (20 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-defense-panettabre88k031-20120920,0,7448039.story">"U.S. lifts 26-year-old ban on New Zealand warship visits to U.S. bases"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=U.S.+lifts+26-year-old+ban+on+New+Zealand+warship+visits+to+U.S.+bases&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fsns-rt-us-defense-panettabre88k031-20120920%2C0%2C7448039.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11731214">"US warship USS Sampson heads to New Zealand"</a>. <i>NZ Herald</i>. 18 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2016</span> – via New Zealand Herald.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=US+warship+USS+Sampson+heads+to+New+Zealand&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D11731214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/86479193/US-warship-may-help-rescue-stranded-Kaikoura-tourists">"US Warship may help rescue stranded Kaikoura tourists"</a>. Fairfax Media. 15 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span> – via Stuff.co.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Warship+may+help+rescue+stranded+Kaikoura+tourists&rft.pub=Fairfax+Media&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F86479193%2FUS-warship-may-help-rescue-stranded-Kaikoura-tourists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClure2021" class="citation news cs1">McClure, Tess (16 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/16/aukus-submarines-banned-as-pact-exposes-divide-between-new-zealand-and-western-allies">"Aukus submarines banned from New Zealand as pact exposes divide with western allies"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>Aukus submarines banned from New Zealand as pact exposes divide with western allies: Experts say Aukus military deal underlines Australia's increasingly close alignment with the US on China – and New Zealand's relative distance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Aukus+submarines+banned+from+New+Zealand+as+pact+exposes+divide+with+western+allies&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=McClure&rft.aufirst=Tess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fsep%2F16%2Faukus-submarines-banned-as-pact-exposes-divide-between-new-zealand-and-western-allies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AANZUS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>ANZUS</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=ANZUS">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=ANZUS&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Brands Jr., Henry W. "From ANZUS to SEATO: United States Strategic Policy towards Australia and New Zealand, 1952-1954" <i>International History Review</i> 9#2 (1987), pp. 250–270 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40107239">online</a></li> <li>Capie, David. "Nuclear-free New Zealand: Contingency, contestation and consensus in public policymaking." in <i>Successful Public Policy</i> ed by Joannah Luetjens, (2019): 379-398 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/25104/succesful.pdf?sequence=1#page=399">online</a>.</li> <li>Catalinac, Amy L. "Why New Zealand Took Itself out of ANZUS: Observing 'Opposition for Autonomy' in Asymmetric Alliances," <i>Foreign Policy Analysis</i> 6#3 (2010), pp. 317–338.</li> <li>Dorling, Philip. <i>The Origins of the Anzus Treaty: A Reconsideration</i> (Flinders UP, 1989)</li> <li>Green, Michael J., et al. <i>The ANZUS alliance in an ascending Asia</i> (ANU Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/download/38280469/COG__23_Web.pdf">online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</li> <li>Jennings, Peter. "The 2016 Defence White Paper and the ANZUS Alliance." <i>Security Challenges </i>12.1 (2016): 53-64 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kokodafoundation.memberlodge.com/resources/Documents/SC%2012-1%20Jennings.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901111938/https://kokodafoundation.memberlodge.com/resources/Documents/SC%2012-1%20Jennings.pdf">Archived</a> 1 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Kelly, Andrew. <i>ANZUS and the early cold war: strategy and diplomacy between Australia, New Zealand and the United States, 1945-1956</i> (2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product?xProd=781&currency=3">online free</a>.</li> <li>McIntyre, William David, <i> Background to the Anzus Pact: Policy-Making, Strategy and Diplomacy, 1945-55</i> (1994)</li> <li>McLean, David. "Anzus Origins: A Reassessment," <i>Australian Historical Studies</i> 24#94 (1990), pp. 64–82</li> <li>Miller, Charles. "Public Support for ANZUS: Evidence of a Generational Shift?" <i>Australian Journal of Political Science,</i> 50#1 (2015), pp. 1–20.</li> <li>Robb, Thomas K., and David James Gill. "The ANZUS Treaty during the Cold War: a reinterpretation of US diplomacy in the Southwest Pacific." <i>Journal of Cold War Studies</i> 17.4 (2015): 109–157. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30274/3/6%20Robb%20and%20Gill%20v2%2020150728.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713085019/http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30274/3/6%20Robb%20and%20Gill%20v2%2020150728.pdf">Archived</a> 13 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Siracusa, Joseph M and Glen St John Barclay. "Australia, the United States, and the Cold War, 1945–51: From V-J Day to ANZUS", <i>Diplomatic History</i> 5#1 (1981) pp 39–52</li> <li>Siracusa, Joseph M., and Glen St J. Barclay. "The historical influence of the United States on Australian strategic thinking." <i>Australian Journal of International Affairs</i> 38.3 (1984): 153–158.</li> <li>Tow, William, and Henry Albinski. "ANZUS—Alive and well after fifty years." <i>Australian Journal of Politics & History</i> 48.2 (2002): 153–173.</li> <li>Tow, William. "ANZUS and alliance politics in Southeast Asia." (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/ASPI_SI%20138%20ANZUS%20Southern%20flank.pdf">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Australia,_New_Zealand,_United_States_Security_Treaty" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty">Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091015/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2276">ANZUS classroom activities (NZHistory.net.nz)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disarmsecure.org/"><i>Disarmament and Security Centre, New Zealand Peace Foundation</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1952/2.html">Text of the ANZUS Treaty</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041226215657/http://www.cis.org.au/policy/spr03/polspr03-5.htm">Will New Zealand ever rejoin ANZUS?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adst.org/2015/06/no-nukes-for-new-zealand-breakdown-of-the-anzus-treaty/">ADST oral histories on Breakdown of ANZUS Treaty</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen civil war">North Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia_Australia–New_Zealand_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=New_Zealand&#124;link=New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Template:Australia–New Zealand relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Template talk:Australia–New Zealand relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australia–New Zealand relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia_Australia–New_Zealand_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=New_Zealand&#124;link=New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Australia–New Zealand relations">Australia–New Zealand relations</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Commission_of_Australia,_Wellington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Commission of Australia, Wellington (page does not exist)">High Commission of Australia, Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_commissioners_of_Australia_to_New_Zealand" title="List of high commissioners of Australia to New Zealand">High commissioners of Australia to New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consulate_General_of_New_Zealand,_Melbourne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consulate General of New Zealand, Melbourne (page does not exist)">Consulate General of New Zealand, Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consulate_General_of_New_Zealand,_Sydney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consulate General of New Zealand, Sydney (page does not exist)">Consulate General of New Zealand, Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_commissioners_of_New_Zealand_to_Australia" title="List of high commissioners of New Zealand to Australia">High commissioners of New Zealand to Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consulate_General_of_Australia,_Auckland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consulate General of Australia, Auckland (page does not exist)">Consulate General of Australia, Auckland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Tasman" title="Trans-Tasman">Trans-Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Tasman_Travel_Arrangement" title="Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement">Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Pact" title="Canberra Pact">Canberra Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Island_Agreement" title="Nauru Island Agreement">Nauru Island Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underarm_bowling_incident_of_1981" title="Underarm bowling incident of 1981">Underarm bowling incident of 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carr%E2%80%93Peters_scandal" title="Carr–Peters scandal">Carr–Peters scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Military relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps" title="Australian and New Zealand Army Corps">Australian and New Zealand Army Corps</a> (ANZAC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzac_Day" title="Anzac Day">Anzac Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty</a> (ANZUS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N_Force" title="N Force">N Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Memorial,_Canberra" title="New Zealand Memorial, Canberra">New Zealand Memorial, Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Power_Defence_Arrangements" title="Five Power Defence Arrangements">Five Power Defence Arrangements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement" title="UKUSA Agreement">UKUSA Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Economic relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Australia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Australia">Exclusive economic zone of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_New_Zealand" title="Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand">Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations" title="Closer Economic Relations">Closer Economic Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Union" title="Pacific Union">Pacific Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_Maritime_Treaty" title="Australia–New Zealand Maritime Treaty">Australia–New Zealand Maritime Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Category_Visa" title="Special Category Visa">Special Category Visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">Territorial claims in Antarctica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_sports_rivalries" title="Australia–New Zealand sports rivalries">Australia–New Zealand sports rivalries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Tasman_Trophy" title="Trans-Tasman Trophy">Trans-Tasman Trophy</a> (Test cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chappell%E2%80%93Hadlee_Trophy" title="Chappell–Hadlee Trophy">Chappell–Hadlee Trophy</a> (ODI/T20 cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_series" title="Rose Bowl series">Rose Bowl series</a> (women's ODI crikcet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_O%27Reilly_Cup" title="Laurie O'Reilly Cup">Laurie O'Reilly Cup</a> (netball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_vs_New_Zealand_in_rugby_league" title="Australia vs New Zealand in rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzac_Test" title="Anzac Test">Anzac Test</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rugby_union_matches_between_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="History of rugby union matches between Australia and New Zealand">Rugby union (men's)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bledisloe_Cup" title="Bledisloe Cup">Bledisloe Cup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women%27s_rugby_union_matches_between_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="History of women's rugby union matches between Australia and New Zealand">rugby union (women's)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Cup" title="Constellation Cup">Constellation Cup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_soccer_rivalry" title="Australia–New Zealand soccer rivalry">Soccer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soccer_Ashes" title="Soccer Ashes">Soccer Ashes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Cricket_World_Cup_final" title="2015 Cricket World Cup final">2015 Cricket World Cup final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasia_at_the_Olympics" title="Australasia at the Olympics">Australasia at the Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_Ditch" title="Crossing the Ditch">Crossing the Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup_final" title="2015 Rugby World Cup final">2015 Rugby World Cup final</a></li> <li>Rugby League World Cup finals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Rugby_League_World_Cup_final" title="2000 Rugby League World Cup final">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Rugby_League_World_Cup_final" title="2008 Rugby League World Cup final">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Rugby_League_World_Cup_final" title="2013 Rugby League World Cup final">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2023 FIFA Women's World Cup">2023 FIFA Women's World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_New_Zealand" title="Australian rules football in New Zealand">Australian rules football in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Pacific_Cable_System" title="Commonwealth Pacific Cable System">Commonwealth Pacific Cable System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Cable" title="Southern Cross Cable">Southern Cross Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PacRimWest" title="PacRimWest">PacRimWest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Global_Access" title="Tasman Global Access">Tasman Global Access</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Brains" title="Patriot Brains">Patriot Brains</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Join_Australia_Movement_Party" title="Join Australia Movement Party">Join Australia Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_new_Australian_states" title="Proposals for new Australian states">Proposals for new Australian states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_voting_rights_in_Australia" title="Māori voting rights in Australia">Māori voting rights in Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Franchise_Act_1902" title="Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902">Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Category:Australia–New Zealand relations">Category:Australia–New Zealand relations</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia_Australia–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template:Australia–United States relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template talk:Australia–United States relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australia–United States relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia_Australia–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Australia–United States relations">Australia–United States relations</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Australia,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Australia, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of Australia, Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Australia_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Australia to the United States">Ambassadors of Australia to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Canberra" title="Embassy of the United States, Canberra">Embassy of the United States, Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Australia" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Australia">Ambassadors of the United States to Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Consuls-General_of_Australia_in_New_York" title="List of Consuls-General of Australia in New York">Consuls-General of Australia, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Consulate-General,_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Consulate-General, Houston">Australian Consulate-General, Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs" title="Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs">Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AUSMIN" title="AUSMIN">AUSMIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement">Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Australia_Congressional_Caucus" title="Friends of Australia Congressional Caucus">Friends of Australia Congressional Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_visits_to_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="United States presidential visits to Australia and New Zealand">United States presidential visits to Australia </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S./Australia_Parliamentary_Friendship_Group" title="U.S./Australia Parliamentary Friendship Group">U.S./Australia Parliamentary Friendship Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brisbane" title="Battle of Brisbane">Battle of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(Australia)" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Australia)">United States diplomatic cables leak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hicks" title="David Hicks">David Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tina_Watson" title="Death of Tina Watson">Death of Tina Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implications_of_U.S._gene_patent_invalidation_on_Australia" title="Implications of U.S. gene patent invalidation on Australia">Implications of U.S. gene patent invalidation on Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamdouh_Habib" title="Mamdouh Habib">Mamdouh Habib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne%E2%80%93Evans_collision" title="Melbourne–Evans collision">Melbourne–Evans collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_anti-Islam_film_protests" title="Sydney anti-Islam film protests">Sydney anti-Islam film protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Justine_Damond" title="Killing of Justine Damond">Killing of Justine Damond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Military relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Talisman_Saber" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise Talisman Saber">Exercise Talisman Saber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement" title="UKUSA Agreement">UKUSA Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Security_Construct" title="International Maritime Security Construct">International Maritime Security Construct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Defense_Facility_Nurrungar" title="Joint Defense Facility Nurrungar">Joint Defense Facility Nurrungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Rotational_Force_%E2%80%93_Darwin" title="Marine Rotational Force – Darwin">Marine Rotational Force – Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blowdown" title="Operation Blowdown">Operation Blowdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Gap" title="Pine Gap">Pine Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Plan_Red" title="War Plan Red">War Plan Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_FIBA_Women%27s_Basketball_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Final">2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian%E2%80%93American_Memorial" title="Australian–American Memorial">Australian–American Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Australia and the American Civil War">Australia and the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Cable" title="Southern Cross Cable">Southern Cross Cable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PacRimWest" title="PacRimWest">PacRimWest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_Pacific_Cable" title="Pipe Pacific Cable">Pipe Pacific Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstra_Endeavour" title="Telstra Endeavour">Telstra Endeavour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Studies_Centre" title="United States Studies Centre">United States Studies Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:Australia–United States relations">Category:Australia–United States relations</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295875#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295875#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295875#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000093415539">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&oldid=1258833679">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&oldid=1258833679</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War_treaties" title="Category:Cold War treaties">Cold War treaties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War_alliances_and_military_strategy" title="Category:Cold War alliances and military strategy">Cold War alliances and military strategy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War_history_of_Australia" title="Category:Cold War history of Australia">Cold War history of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_alliances_involving_the_United_States" title="Category:Military alliances involving the United States">Military alliances involving the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_alliances_involving_Australia" title="Category:Military alliances involving Australia">Military alliances involving Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_alliances_involving_New_Zealand" title="Category:Military alliances involving New Zealand">Military alliances involving New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_concluded_in_1951" title="Category:Treaties concluded in 1951">Treaties concluded in 1951</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_entered_into_force_in_1952" title="Category:Treaties entered into force in 1952">Treaties entered into force in 1952</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_military_relations" title="Category:Australia–New Zealand military relations">Australia–New Zealand military relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Category:New Zealand–United States military relations">New Zealand–United States military relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australia%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Category:Australia–United States military relations">Australia–United States military relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_military_alliances" title="Category:20th-century military alliances">20th-century military alliances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_military_alliances" title="Category:21st-century military alliances">21st-century military alliances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anglosphere" title="Category:Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_October_2023" title="Category:Use Australian English from October 2023">Use Australian English from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2020">Use dmy dates from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2019">Articles needing additional references from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2024">Articles with dead external links from September 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 21:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c9b544f44-mtbl4","wgBackendResponseTime":187,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.889","walltime":"1.112","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5099,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":203490,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6537,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":169954,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 893.663 1 -total"," 33.08% 295.594 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.85% 159.508 21 Template:Cite_web"," 13.46% 120.318 1 Template:Infobox_treaty"," 13.02% 116.345 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.54% 94.207 1 Template:Cold_War"," 10.54% 94.164 3 Template:Military_navigation"," 8.46% 75.586 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.07% 63.162 1 Template:Plainlist"," 6.77% 60.528 1 Template:More_citations_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.490","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8434307,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-dvbt7","timestamp":"20241127065808","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"ANZUS","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ANZUS","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q295875","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q295875","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-07-18T18:21:04Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T21:59:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ed\/ANZUS_Logo_%2820921987801%29.jpg","headline":"collective security agreement between Australia, New Zealand and the United States"}</script> </body> </html>