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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 172 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-172" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">172 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1817 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1817 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1817 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1817 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B7_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۱۷ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۱۷ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD" title="১৮১৭ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮১৭" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_n%C3%AE" title="1817 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1817 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1817 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1817 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817." title="1817. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1817." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1817 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1817 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B7" title="۱۸۱۷ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۱۷" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%E5%B9%B4" title="1817年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1817年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1817-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1817-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%EB%85%84" title="1817년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1817년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD" title="१८१७ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८१७" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817." title="1817. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1817." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD" title="মারি ১৮১৭ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮১৭" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1817-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1817-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AD" title="೧೮೧೭ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೧೭" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1817 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1817 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1817 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1817 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1817-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1817-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1817 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1817 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B8" title="1817 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1817 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817._gads" title="1817. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1817. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1817 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1817 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_m." title="1817 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1817 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD" title="१८१७ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८१७" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD" title="इ.स. १८१७ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८१७" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B7" title="۱۸۱۷ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۱۷" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1817 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1817 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%81%E1%81%87" title="၁၈၁၇ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၁၇" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD" title="ई सं १८१७ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८१७" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%E5%B9%B4" title="1817年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1817年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1817 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1817 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AD" title="୧୮୧୭ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୧୭" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD" title="१८१७ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८१७" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1817" title="Joohr 1817 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1817" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1817 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1817 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AD" title="१८१७ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८१७" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%D8%B9" title="1817ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1817ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A1%D9%A7" title="١٨١٧ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨١٧" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817." title="1817. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1817." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1817 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1817 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2360" title="พ.ศ. 2360 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2360" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1817" title="Соли 1817 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1817" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%D8%A1" title="1817ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1817ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%E5%B9%B4" title="1817年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1817年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%E5%B9%B4" title="1817年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1817年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817%E5%B9%B4" title="1817年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1817年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817" title="1817 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1817" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6958#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1817" title="View the content page [c]" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Battle_of_Chacabuco.jpg/375px-Battle_of_Chacabuco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Battle_of_Chacabuco.jpg/500px-Battle_of_Chacabuco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a>: Chilean and Argentine independence fighters defeat Spanish Royal Army at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chacabuco" title="Battle of Chacabuco">Battle of Chacabuco</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KarlVonDrais.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KarlVonDrais.jpg/250px-KarlVonDrais.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KarlVonDrais.jpg/375px-KarlVonDrais.jpg 1.5x, 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1817" title="Category:1817">1817 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_archaeology" title="1817 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_architecture" title="1817 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_art" title="1817 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_literature" title="1817 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_poetry" title="1817 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_music" title="1817 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_Australia" title="1817 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_Brazil" title="1817 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_Canada" title="1817 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_Denmark" title="1817 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_France" title="1817 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_Germany" title="1817 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_New_Zealand" title="1817 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_Norway" title="1817 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_South_Africa" title="1817 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_Sweden" title="1817 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1817 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_the_United_States" title="1817 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_rail_transport" title="1817 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_science" title="1817 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_in_sports" title="1817 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1817" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1817">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_in_law" title="Category:1817 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_births" title="Category:1817 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_deaths" title="Category:1817 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_establishments" title="Category:1817 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_disestablishments" title="Category:1817 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_works" title="Category:1817 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1817 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1817<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCXVII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2570</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1266<br />ԹՎ ՌՄԿԶ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6567</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1738–1739</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1223–1224</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2767</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>57 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a> – 58 <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">Geo. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2361</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1179</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7325–7326</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丙子</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />4514 or 4307<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />丁丑年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />4515 or 4308</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1533–1534</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2983</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1809–1810</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5577–5578</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1873–1874</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1738–1739</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4917–4918</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11817</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>817–818</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1195–1196</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1232–1233</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka">Bunka</a> 14<br />(文化１４年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1744–1745</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4150</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>95 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前95年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>349</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2359–2360</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳火鼠年<br />(male Fire-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />1943 or 1562 or 790<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴火牛年<br />(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />1944 or 1563 or 791</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1817" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1817">1817</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1817</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCXVII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">common year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1817th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 817th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 17th year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 8th year of the <a href="/wiki/1810s" title="1810s">1810s</a> decade. As of the start of 1817, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – Sailing through the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Sandwich Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Otto von Kotzebue</a> discovers <a href="/wiki/Mejit_Island" title="Mejit Island">New Year Island</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crossing_of_the_Andes" title="Crossing of the Andes">starts crossing the Andes</a> from <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, to liberate <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(philanthropist)" title="David Hare (philanthropist)">David Hare</a> found <a href="/wiki/Hindu_College,_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu College, Calcutta">Hindu College, Calcutta</a>, offering instructions in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> on Western subjects, including other European languages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chacabuco" title="Battle of Chacabuco">Battle of Chacabuco</a>: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">United Provinces of the Río de la Plata</a> defeat the Spanish royalist troops in what is now <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, marking the turning point in the war against European rule of South America.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li>On his last day in office, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> vetoes <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bonus_Bill_of_1817" title="Bonus Bill of 1817">Bonus Bill</a> as unconstitutional after it has passed both houses of the U.S. Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The U.S. Congress passes a law to split the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Territory</a>, after Mississippi drafts a constitution, creating the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Territory" title="Alabama Territory">Alabama Territory</a>, effective in August.<sup id="cite_ref-LOC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Pernambucan_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pernambucan Revolt">Pernambucan Revolt</a> is publicly blessed by the dean of Recife Cathedral, Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Princess_Caraboo" title="Princess Caraboo">Princess Caraboo</a>" appears in <a href="/wiki/Almondsbury" title="Almondsbury">Almondsbury</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a> in England, and convinces the local residents that she had come to their town from a far-off island kingdom of "Javasu" in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Portuguese sailor named Manuel Enes soon arrives and says that he speaks her mysterious language, and translates her story of an escape from pirates. After publicity, Princess Caraboo is discovered to be a servant girl from the village of <a href="/wiki/Witheridge" title="Witheridge">Witheridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/American_School_for_the_Deaf" title="American School for the Deaf">American School for the Deaf</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>.</li> <li>An earthquake strikes <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Rush%E2%80%93Bagot_Treaty" title="Rush–Bagot Treaty">Rush–Bagot Treaty</a> is signed between the United States and the British Empire, limiting the number of warships on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> between the U.S. and Canada in the aftermath of settling the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">General Convention</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/General_Theological_Seminary" title="General Theological Seminary">General Theological Seminary</a>, while meeting in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> <ul><li>German inventor <a href="/wiki/Karl_Drais" title="Karl Drais">Karl Drais</a> drives his <a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">dandy horse</a> ("Draisine" or <i>Laufmaschine</i>), the earliest form of <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tradesman Jeffery Sedwards establishes the <a href="/wiki/Skibbereen" title="Skibbereen">Skibbereen</a> Abstinence Society in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, considered the first organisation devoted to <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">teetotalism</a> in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a>, by royal decree, makes the production and sale of tobacco a legal endeavor in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, thus sparking the birth of the Cuban cigar industry.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – A large riot breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> Prison, and the army is sent to quell it.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirkville-olderie1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kirkville-olderie1.JPG/220px-Kirkville-olderie1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kirkville-olderie1.JPG/330px-Kirkville-olderie1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kirkville-olderie1.JPG/440px-Kirkville-olderie1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a>: Construction on the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> starts.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li>At <a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome, New York</a>, construction on the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> begins in the U.S. to link the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, with the long-range goal of making the first navigable waterway between the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, and reducing the amount of time and costs for transporting goods westward past the Appalachian mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817_Santiago_del_Estero_earthquake" title="1817 Santiago del Estero earthquake">1817 Santiago del Estero earthquake</a>. A 7.0 magnitude earthquake hits Argentina's <a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero_Province" title="Santiago del Estero Province">Santiago del Estero Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – By act of the U.S. Congress (<a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Territory" title="Alabama Territory">Alabama Territory</a> is created by splitting the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Territory</a> in half, on the day the Mississippi constitution is drafted, four months before <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> becomes a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LOC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a> of <a href="/wiki/Araraquara" title="Araraquara">Araraquara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – An earthquake near the site of the ancient Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Helike" title="Helike">Helike</a> results in 65 deaths.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> is founded in the U.S., initially near the intersection of Bates Street and Congress Street in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. It will move its campus to <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor, Michigan</a> in 1837.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131101064603/http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/">"U-M's Foundings in Detroit and Ann Arbor: Key Dates"</a>. University of Michigan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/">the original</a> on November 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U-M%27s+Foundings+in+Detroit+and+Ann+Arbor%3A+Key+Dates&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbicentennial.umich.edu%2Fresources%2Fu-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Great_Rebellion_of_1817-18" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Rebellion of 1817-18">Great Rebellion of 1817-18</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Ghent">University of Ghent</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Trincomalee" title="HMS Trincomalee">HMS <i>Trincomalee</i></a> is launched in <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> for the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>. She will still be afloat two centuries later.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – The independent government of Venezuela is established by <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninkō">Emperor Ninkō</a> accedes to the throne of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Montreal" title="Bank of Montreal">Bank of Montreal</a> opens in Montreal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a> breaks out with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khadki" title="Battle of Khadki">Battle of Khadki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(1796%E2%80%931817)" title="Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796–1817)">Princess Charlotte of Wales</a>, the daughter and only child of the <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">Prince Regent George</a> and granddaughter of King George III, dies hours after giving birth to a stillborn son.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her death, tremendously mourned by the British, throws the succession to the British throne into doubt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Seminole_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminole War">Seminole War</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cailliaud" title="Frédéric Cailliaud">Frédéric Cailliaud</a> discovers the old Roman <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emerald</a> mines at Sikait, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> is admitted as the 20th <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>, formerly the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TN_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TN-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/First_cholera_pandemic_(1817%E2%80%9324)" class="mw-redirect" title="First cholera pandemic (1817–24)">first cholera pandemic</a> originates in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, reaching <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> by September.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> epidemic occurs in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willem_III_(1817-90),_koning_der_Nederlanden,_Nicolaas_Pieneman,_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/110px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/165px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/220px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4768" data-file-height="7043" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III of the Netherlands</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Dalton_Hooker_NLM3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker_NLM3.jpg/110px-Joseph_Dalton_Hooker_NLM3.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker_NLM3.jpg/165px-Joseph_Dalton_Hooker_NLM3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker_NLM3.jpg/220px-Joseph_Dalton_Hooker_NLM3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Shepstone" title="Theophilus Shepstone">Theophilus Shepstone</a>, British-born South African statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Lersundi_y_Hormaechea" title="Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea">Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea</a>, Spanish noble and politician, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister of Spain</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Thilges" title="Édouard Thilges">Édouard Thilges</a>, 7th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Armistead" title="Lewis Armistead">Lewis Armistead</a>, American Confederate general (d. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – King <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III of the Netherlands</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Borchardt" title="Carl Wilhelm Borchardt">Carl Wilhelm Borchardt</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Auguste-Alexandre_Ducrot" title="Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot">Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Cl%C3%A9mentine_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Clémentine of Orléans">Princess Clémentine of Orléans</a>, daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a> of France, mother of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I of Bulgaria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_del_Rosario_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Francisco del Rosario Sánchez">Francisco del Rosario Sánchez</a>, Dominican independence activist and founding father of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a>, American Confederate general (d. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160910202241/http://ryosetsu.com/2015/06/01/nissen-shonin-founder-of-honmon-butsuryu-shu/">Nissen Shonin</a>, Japanese Buddhist priest <a href="/wiki/Honmon_Butsury%C5%AB-sh%C5%AB" title="Honmon Butsuryū-shū">Honmon Butsuryū-shū</a>, Kyoto city (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Jowett" title="Benjamin Jowett">Benjamin Jowett</a>, Master of <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac">Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac</a>, Swiss chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Debendranath Tagore</a>, Indian philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodor_August_Heintzman" title="Theodor August Heintzman">Theodor August Heintzman</a>, Canadian piano manufacturer (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a>, English botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mihail_Kogalniceanu_utexas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mihail_Kogalniceanu_utexas.jpg/110px-Mihail_Kogalniceanu_utexas.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mihail_Kogalniceanu_utexas.jpg/165px-Mihail_Kogalniceanu_utexas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mihail_Kogalniceanu_utexas.jpg/220px-Mihail_Kogalniceanu_utexas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_von_K%C3%B6lliker" title="Albert von Kölliker">Albert von Kölliker</a>, Swiss biologist, zoologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Lecointe" title="Alphonse Lecointe">Alphonse Lecointe</a>, French general and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>, American philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Fowler,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet">John Fowler</a>, British civil engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kuhn_von_Kuhnenfeld" title="Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld">Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld</a>, Austrian general and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky" title="Ivan Aivazovsky">Ivan Aivazovsky</a>, Armenian-Russian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Albrecht,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen</a>, Austrian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Theodore_Frelinghuysen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen">Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">29th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Bailey" title="Alexander H. Bailey">Alexander H. Bailey</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Konstantinovich_Tolstoy" title="Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy">Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy</a>, Russian writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie-Eug%C3%A9nie_de_J%C3%A9sus" title="Marie-Eugénie de Jésus">Marie-Eugénie de Jésus</a>, French religious (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helga_de_la_Brache" title="Helga de la Brache">Helga de la Brache</a>, Swedish con artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a>, 3rd Prime Minister of Romania (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Storm" title="Theodor Storm">Theodor Storm</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._H._D._Buys_Ballot" title="C. H. D. Buys Ballot">Christophorus Buys Ballot</a>, Dutch chemist, meteorologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a> (Bahadaur), Indian founder of the Two Nation Theory for a future Pakistan (d. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Franz_Moritz_Kopp" title="Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp">Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp</a>, German chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jerome" title="Leonard Jerome">Leonard Jerome</a>, American entrepreneur, grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Sir Winston Churchill</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Champney" title="Benjamin Champney">Benjamin Champney</a>, American painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a>, German writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Emil_Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs" title="Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs">Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs</a>, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wood_(physician)" title="Alexander Wood (physician)">Alexander Wood (physician)</a>, Scottish inventor of the first true hypodermic syringe (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Warren_Felt_Evans" title="Warren Felt Evans">Warren Felt Evans</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Wilkens" title="Sophia Wilkens">Sophia Wilkens</a>, Swedish social reformer, pioneer in the education of the intellectually disabled (d. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93June_2"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_McKean_by_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_McKean_by_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg/110px-Thomas_McKean_by_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_McKean_by_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg/165px-Thomas_McKean_by_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_McKean_by_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg/220px-Thomas_McKean_by_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth">Martin Heinrich Klaproth</a>, German chemist who discovered uranium (1789), zirconium (1789), and cerium (1803) (b. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Dwight_IV" title="Timothy Dwight IV">Timothy Dwight IV</a>, American educator, theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margherita_Dalmet" title="Margherita Dalmet">Margherita Dalmet</a>, Venetian dogaressa (b. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Andr%C3%A9s" title="Juan Andrés">Juan Andrés</a>, Spanish Jesuit (b. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Alexander J. Dallas</a>, American statesman, financier (b. <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Horner" title="Francis Horner">Francis Horner</a>, Scottish politician, economist (b. <a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Lenngren" title="Anna Maria Lenngren">Anna Maria Lenngren</a>, Swedish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Jung" title="Johann Heinrich Jung">Johann Heinrich Jung</a>, German writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a>, French marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Messier" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a>, French astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio_Pascual_of_Spain" title="Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain">Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain</a>, Spanish prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clotilde_Tambroni" title="Clotilde Tambroni">Clotilde Tambroni</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a>, linguist (b. <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Farragut" title="George Farragut">George Farragut</a>, American naval officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9roigne_de_M%C3%A9ricourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Théroigne de Méricourt">Théroigne de Méricourt</a>, French revolutionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1762" title="1762">1762</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lovell_Edgeworth" title="Richard Lovell Edgeworth">Richard Lovell Edgeworth</a>, Anglo-Irish, politician writer and inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1744" title="1744">1744</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_de_G%C3%A9lieu" title="Esther de Gélieu">Esther de Gélieu</a>, Swiss educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1757" title="1757">1757</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Neale" title="Leonard Neale">Leonard Neale</a>, American Catholic bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste_de_Choiseul-Gouffier" title="Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier">Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier</a>, French diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a>, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner" title="Abraham Gottlob Werner">Abraham Gottlob Werner</a>, German geologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93December_2"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810)_hires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg/110px-CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg/165px-CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg/220px-CassandraAusten-JaneAusten%28c.1810%29_hires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87,_by_Vladimir_Borovikovsky,_1816.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87%2C_by_Vladimir_Borovikovsky%2C_1816.jpg/110px-Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87%2C_by_Vladimir_Borovikovsky%2C_1816.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87%2C_by_Vladimir_Borovikovsky%2C_1816.jpg/165px-Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87%2C_by_Vladimir_Borovikovsky%2C_1816.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87%2C_by_Vladimir_Borovikovsky%2C_1816.jpg/220px-Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87%2C_by_Vladimir_Borovikovsky%2C_1816.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e" title="Karađorđe">Karađorđe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamBligh.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg/110px-WilliamBligh.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg/165px-WilliamBligh.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg/220px-WilliamBligh.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Louise_Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Louise Germaine de Staël">Anne Louise Germaine de Staël</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1766" title="1766">1766</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, English novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Palmer_(Bath_architect)" title="John Palmer (Bath architect)">John Palmer</a>, Bath architect (b. c. 1738)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđe Petrović">Karađorđe Petrović</a>, Serb leader of the <a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Karađorđević dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Samuel_du_Pont_de_Nemours" title="Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours">Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours</a>, French politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Duke_of_Anhalt-Dessau" title="Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau">Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Hall_(Delaware_politician)" title="David Hall (Delaware politician)">David Hall</a>, American judge (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gertrudis_Bocanegra" title="Gertrudis Bocanegra">Gertrudis Bocanegra</a>, Mexican national heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1765" title="1765">1765</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Ibbetson" title="Julius Caesar Ibbetson">Julius Caesar Ibbetson</a>, English artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a>, exiled Polish general, nationalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Piar" title="Manuel Piar">Manuel Piar</a>, Venezuelan military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(1796%E2%80%931817)" title="Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796–1817)">Princess Charlotte of Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> to the British throne (b. <a href="/wiki/1796" title="1796">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc" title="Jean-André Deluc">Jean-André Deluc</a>, Swiss geologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Mina" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Javier Mina">Francisco Javier Mina</a>, Spanish military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>) (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Policarpa_Salavarrieta" title="Policarpa Salavarrieta">Policarpa Salavarrieta</a>, Colombian spy, revolutionary who worked for the independence of Colombia (b. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Melchior_Hertel_de_Rouville" title="Jean-Baptiste-Melchior Hertel de Rouville">Jean-Baptiste-Melchior Hertel de Rouville</a>, Canadian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a>, British admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Heinrich_Knecht" title="Justin Heinrich Knecht">Justin Heinrich Knecht</a>, German composer, organist and music theorist (b. <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tekle_Giyorgis_I" title="Tekle Giyorgis I">Tekle Giyorgis I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a>, founder of Sokoto caliphate (b. <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federigo_Zuccari" title="Federigo Zuccari">Federigo Zuccari</a>, astronomer, director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples (b. <a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2000" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Robert (2000). <i>Liberators: Latin America's Struggle for Independence</i>. New York: The Overlook Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">346–</span>349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58567-284-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58567-284-X"><bdi>1-58567-284-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberators%3A+Latin+America%27s+Struggle+for+Independence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E346-%3C%2Fspan%3E349&rft.pub=The+Overlook+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-58567-284-X&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Minicucci, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=275165&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0898588X04000094">Internal Improvements and the Union, 1790–1860</a>, Studies in American Political Development (2004), 18: p.160-185, (2004), Cambridge University Press DOI: 10.1017/S0898588X04000094</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LOC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LOC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=003/llsl003.db&recNum=513">"Resolution for the admission of the State of Mississippi into the Union"</a>. <i>A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875. Statutes at Large, 15th Congress</i>. Library of Congress. 15th U.S. Congress. n.d. [after 1813]. p. 472 of 798<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Century+of+Lawmaking+for+a+New+Nation%3A+U.S.+Congressional+Documents+and+Debates%2C+1774+-+1875.+Statutes+at+Large%2C+15th+Congress&rft.atitle=Resolution+for+the+admission+of+the+State+of+Mississippi+into+the+Union&rft.pages=472+of+798&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dllsl%26fileName%3D003%2Fllsl003.db%26recNum%3D513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/br-pe.html">Pernambucan Revolution, 1817</a>, From crwflags.com. Retrieved June 30, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Baker [née Willcocks], Mary [alias Princess Caraboo]". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F41062">10.1093/ref:odnb/41062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baker+%5Bn%C3%A9e+Willcocks%5D%2C+Mary+%5Balias+Princess+Caraboo%5D&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F41062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Prof. Ferrara on the Earthquakes in Sicily in 1823", <i>The Edinburgh Journal of Science</i> p366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Mark Radojewski, "The Rush–Bagot Agreement: Canada–US Relations in Transition." <i>American Review of Canadian Studies</i> 47.3 (2017): 280–299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> James Grant Wilson, <i>The Memorial History of the City of New-York: From Its First Settlement to the Year 1892</i>, Volume IV (New York History Company, 1893) p596</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanlon" class="citation web cs1">Hanlon, Sheila. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cyclinguk.org/cycle/draisienne-1817-2017-200-years-cycling-innovation-design">"200 years since the father of the bicycle Baron Karl von Drais invented the 'running machine' | Cycling UK"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705110900/https://www.cyclinguk.org/cycle/draisienne-1817-2017-200-years-cycling-innovation-design">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=200+years+since+the+father+of+the+bicycle+Baron+Karl+von+Drais+invented+the+%27running+machine%27+%26%23124%3B+Cycling+UK&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclinguk.org%2Fcycle%2Fdraisienne-1817-2017-200-years-cycling-innovation-design&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winskill P. T., <i>The Temperance Movement: And Its Workers</i> (Blackie & Son, Ltd. 1891) p80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cuba</i> (International Bureau of the American Republics, 1905) p82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2005" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Peter L. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/weddingofwaters00pete"><i>Wedding of the Waters: The Erie Canal and the Making of a Great Nation</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York [u.a.]: Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05233-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05233-6"><bdi>978-0-393-05233-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wedding+of+the+Waters%3A+The+Erie+Canal+and+the+Making+of+a+Great+Nation&rft.place=New+York+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05233-6&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Peter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fweddingofwaters00pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Instituto Nacional de Prevención Sísmica, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316084749/http://www.inpres.gov.ar/seismology/seismology/Historic/hist.panel.htm"><i>Listado de Terremotos Históricos</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102192549/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2011/03/11/sri-lanka-revoke-british-governor%E2%80%99s-infamous-gazette-notification">"Sri Lanka is to revoke British Governor's infamous Gazette Notification"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka+is+to+revoke+British+Governor%27s+infamous+Gazette+Notification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiantribune.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F03%2F11%2Fsri-lanka-revoke-british-governor%25E2%2580%2599s-infamous-gazette-notification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugent.be/en">Official website</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170527084839/http://www.hms-trincomalee.co.uk/history/construction">"Trincomalee Construction"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trincomalee+Construction&rft.pub=The+National+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hms-trincomalee.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fconstruction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ponsonby-Fane" title="Richard Ponsonby-Fane">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon.</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan"><i>The Imperial House of Japan</i>.</a> Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887">OCLC 194887</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaravane2006" class="citation book cs1">Naravane, M. S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&pg=PA79"><i>Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj</i></a>. APH Publishing. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0034-3"><bdi>978-81-313-0034-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Honourable+East+India+Company%3A+Making+of+the+Raj&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-313-0034-3&rft.aulast=Naravane&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbxsa3jtHoCEC%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambers2007" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, James (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlotteleopold00jame"><i>Charlotte and Leopold</i></a></span>. London: Old Street Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">193–</span>194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905847-23-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905847-23-5"><bdi>978-1-905847-23-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlotte+and+Leopold&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E194&rft.pub=Old+Street+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-905847-23-5&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcharlotteleopold00jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1817" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Missall, John and Mary Lou Missall. 2004. <i>The Seminole Wars: America's Longest Indian Conflict</i>. University Press of Florida, pp.33-37 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-2715-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-2715-2">0-8130-2715-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TN-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TN_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"An 1820 Claim to Congress: Alabama Territory : 1817", <i>The Intruders</i>, TNGenNet Inc., 2001, quick webpage: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tngenweb.org/tnland/intruders/claim-537">TN-537</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?apm=0&aid=nfp&datum=18960526&seite=3&zoom=2">Tageszeitung <i>Neue Freie Presse</i>, Wien, 26. Mai 1896, p. 3.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1817&oldid=1275184615">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1817&oldid=1275184615</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817" title="Category:1817">1817</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata" title="Category:Official website not in Wikidata">Official website not in Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2018">Articles with dead external links from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 February 2025, at 15:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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