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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Training methods and aesthetic qualities in classical ballet in Italy</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cecchetti_jpg.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cecchetti_jpg.gif/220px-Cecchetti_jpg.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Cecchetti_jpg.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Russian ballerina <a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a> being taught the <a href="/wiki/Cecchetti_method" title="Cecchetti method">Cecchetti method</a> by renowned Italian ballet teacher <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Cecchetti" title="Enrico Cecchetti">Enrico Cecchetti</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Italian ballet</b> is the training methods<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and aesthetic qualities seen in <a href="/wiki/Classical_ballet" title="Classical ballet">classical ballet</a> in Italy. Ballet has a long history in Italy, and it is widely believed that the earliest predecessor of modern-day ballet originated in the Italian courts of the Renaissance. Two predominant training systems are used to teach Italian ballet today: the <a href="/wiki/Cecchetti_method" title="Cecchetti method">Cecchetti method</a>, devised by <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Cecchetti" title="Enrico Cecchetti">Enrico Cecchetti</a>, and that of the <a href="/wiki/La_Scala_Theatre_Ballet_School" title="La Scala Theatre Ballet School">La Scala Theatre Ballet School</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_(origins_of_il_ballo,_or_ballet)"><span id="History_.28origins_of_il_ballo.2C_or_ballet.29"></span>History (origins of <i>il ballo</i>, or ballet)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_ballet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History (origins of il ballo, or ballet)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ballet began during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a> court as an outgrowth of court pageantry,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where aristocratic weddings were lavish celebrations. Court musicians and dancers collaborated to provide elaborate entertainment for them.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballet was further shaped by the French <i>ballet de cour</i>, which consisted of social dances performed by the nobility in tandem with music, speech, verse, song, pageant, decor and costume.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a>, an Italian aristocrat with an interest in the arts, married the French crown heir Henry II, she brought her enthusiasm for dance to France and provided financial support. These glittering entertainments supported the aims of court politics and usually were organized around mythological themes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A ballet of the Renaissance was a far cry from the form of theatrical entertainment known to audiences today. <a href="/wiki/Tutu_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutu (ballet)">Tutus</a>, ballet slippers and pointe work were not yet used. The choreography was adapted from court dance steps.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performers dressed in fashions of the times. For women that meant formal gowns that covered their legs to the ankle.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early ballet was participatory, with the audience joining the dance towards the end. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Domenico_da_Piacenza" title="Domenico da Piacenza">Domenico da Piacenza</a> was one of the first dancing masters. Along with his students, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cornazzano" title="Antonio Cornazzano">Antonio Cornazzano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Ebreo" class="mw-redirect" title="Guglielmo Ebreo">Guglielmo Ebreo</a>, he was trained in dance and responsible for teaching nobles the art. Da Piacenza left one work: <i> De arte saltandi et choreus ducendi</i> (On the art of dancing and conducting dances), which was put together by his students.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ballet, if not the first, produced and shown was Baldassare de Belgiojoso's balletto comico, also known as <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_de_Beaujoyeulx" title="Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx">Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ballet_Comique_de_la_Reine" title="Ballet Comique de la Reine">Ballet Comique de la Reine</a> (1581) and was a <a href="/wiki/Ballet_comique" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballet comique">ballet comique</a> (ballet drama).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, the publication of <a href="/wiki/Fabritio_Caroso" title="Fabritio Caroso">Fabritio Caroso</a>'s <i>Il Ballarino</i>, a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to establish <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> as a centre of technical ballet development. </p><p>At first, ballets were woven in to the midst of an opera to allow the audience a moment of relief from the dramatic intensity. By the mid-seventeenth century, Italian ballets in their entirety were performed in between the acts of an opera.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, Italian ballets became a more beloved and important part of theatrical life: ballet companies in Italy's major opera houses employed an average of four to twelve dancers; in 1815 many companies employed anywhere from eighty to one hundred dancers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_companies_&_schools"><span id="Notable_companies_.26_schools"></span>Notable companies & schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_ballet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable companies & schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Scala_Theatre_Ballet" title="La Scala Theatre Ballet">La Scala Theatre Ballet</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Scala_Theatre_Ballet_School" title="La Scala Theatre Ballet School">La Scala Theatre Ballet School</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Italian_dancers">Notable Italian dancers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_ballet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable Italian dancers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Bolle" title="Roberto Bolle">Roberto Bolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Cecchetti" title="Enrico Cecchetti">Enrico Cecchetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Cerrito" title="Fanny Cerrito">Fanny Cerrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriella_Dorella" title="Oriella Dorella">Oriella Dorella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviana_Durante" title="Viviana Durante">Viviana Durante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Ferri" title="Alessandra Ferri">Alessandra Ferri</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Fracci" title="Carla Fracci">Carla Fracci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Galeazzi" title="Mara Galeazzi">Mara Galeazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Grisi" title="Carlotta Grisi">Carlotta Grisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierina_Legnani" title="Pierina Legnani">Pierina Legnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciana_Savignano" title="Luciana Savignano">Luciana Savignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Taglioni" title="Marie Taglioni">Marie Taglioni</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_ballet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirstein (1952), p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/balt/hd_balt.htm">"The Ballet"</a>. <i>metmuseum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=The+Ballet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fbalt%2Fhd_balt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209205503/http://www.michaelminn.net/andros/index.php?de_medici_catherine">"Andros on Ballet - Catherine Medici De"</a>. <i>michaelminn.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelminn.net/andros/index.php?de_medici_catherine">the original</a> on 2008-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=michaelminn.net&rft.atitle=Andros+on+Ballet+-+Catherine+Medici+De&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaelminn.net%2Fandros%2Findex.php%3Fde_medici_catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bland (1976), p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frances A. Yates, _The French Academies of the Sixteenth Century_, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1988)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thoinot Arbeau, _Orchesography_, trans. by Mary Steware Evans, with notes by Julia Sutton (New York: Dover, 1967)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/cgi-bin/auth/story/content/chronicle/ae/books/9798/05/03/greskovicch1.html">"BALLET 101: A Complete Guide to Learning and Loving the Ballet by Robert Greskovic"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BALLET+101%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Learning+and+Loving+the+Ballet+by+Robert+Greskovic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fauth%2Fstory%2Fcontent%2Fchronicle%2Fae%2Fbooks%2F9798%2F05%2F03%2Fgreskovicch1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+ballet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee (2002), p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson (1992), p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Homans (2010), p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span 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href="/wiki/Ballet_(music)" title="Ballet (music)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ballet" title="Timeline of ballet">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aplomb" title="Aplomb">Aplomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(ballet_position)" title="Arabesque (ballet position)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_(ballet)" title="Ballon (ballet)">Ballon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barre_(ballet)" title="Barre (ballet)">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battement" title="Battement">Battement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divertissement" title="Divertissement">Divertissement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e_de_ballet" title="Entrée de ballet">Entrée de ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_pas" title="Grand pas">Grand pas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux" title="Pas de deux">Pas de deux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_quatre_(ballet)" title="Pas de quatre (ballet)">Pas de quatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_trois" title="Pas de trois">Pas de trois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_d%27occasion" title="Pièce d'occasion">Pièce d'occasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_technique" title="Pointe technique">Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnout_(ballet)" title="Turnout (ballet)">Turnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_(ballet)" title="Variation (ballet)">Variation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_d%27action" title="Ballet d'action">Ballet d'action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_blanc" title="Ballet blanc">Ballet blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_de_cour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballets de cour">Ballets de cour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_ballet" title="Chamber ballet">Chamber ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_ballet" title="Classical ballet">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_ballet" title="Contemporary ballet">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_ballet" title="Comic ballet">Comic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesque_dance" title="Grotesque dance">Grotesque dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_ballet" title="Narrative ballet">Narrative ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_ballet" title="Neoclassical ballet">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-ballet" title="Opéra-ballet">Opéra-ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_ballet" title="Azerbaijani ballet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_ballet" title="British ballet">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ballet" title="French ballet">French</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballet_technique" title="Ballet technique">Technique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Methods7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanchine_technique" title="Balanchine technique">Balanchine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournonville_method" title="Bournonville method">Bournonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecchetti_method" title="Cecchetti method">Cecchetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dance#RAD_Method" title="Royal Academy of Dance">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaganova_method" title="Vaganova method">Vaganova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_technique" title="Pointe technique">Pointe technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positions_of_the_arms_in_ballet" title="Positions of the arms in ballet">Positions</a> (arms)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positions_of_the_feet_in_ballet" title="Positions of the feet in ballet">Positions</a> (feet)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations and ranks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_dancer" title="Ballet dancer">Ballet dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_dance" title="Character dance">Character dancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_de_ballet" title="Corps de ballet">Corps de ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi-soloist" title="Demi-soloist">Demi-soloist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soloist_(ballet)" title="Soloist (ballet)">Soloist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_dancer" title="Principal dancer">Principal dancer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danseur_%C3%89toile" class="mw-redirect" title="Danseur Étoile">Danseur Étoile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danseur_noble" title="Danseur noble">Danseur noble</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_ballerina_assoluta" title="Prima ballerina assoluta">Prima ballerina assoluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_master" title="Ballet master">Ballet master</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9p%C3%A9titeur" title="Répétiteur">Répétiteur</a>)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet apparel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_shoe" title="Ballet shoe">Ballet shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_belt" title="Dance belt">Dance belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_warmer" title="Leg warmer">Leg warmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leotard" title="Leotard">Leotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_shoe" title="Pointe shoe">Pointe shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitard" title="Unitard">Unitard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Benois_de_la_Danse" title="Prix Benois de la Danse">Prix Benois de la Danse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_de_Lausanne" title="Prix de Lausanne">Prix de Lausanne‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstra_Ballet_Dancer_Awards" title="Telstra Ballet Dancer Awards">Telstra Ballet Dancer Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_Society" title="Ballet Society">Ballet Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_Review" title="Ballet Review">Ballet Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_and_Dancers" title="Dance and Dancers">Dance and Dancers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_International" title="Dance International">Dance International</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pointe_(magazine)" title="Pointe (magazine)">Pointe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_(film)" title="Ballet (film)"><i>Ballet</i> (documentary film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion" title="Ballet and fashion">Ballet and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">Choreography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dance" title="Royal Academy of Dance">Royal Academy of Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_stereotype_of_the_male_ballet_dancer" title="Western stereotype of the male ballet dancer">Western stereotype of the male ballet dancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Lists</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_ballets_by_title" title="List of ballets by title">Ballets</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_ballet_characters" title="List of historical ballet characters">Characters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_companies" title="List of dance companies">Companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">Dancers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Ballet_schools" title="Template:Ballet schools">Schools</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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