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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Earliest_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earliest_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Earliest settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earliest_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ancient times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sasanian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sasanian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Sasanian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sasanian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhist_and_Hindu_past" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhist_and_Hindu_past"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Buddhist and Hindu past</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhist_and_Hindu_past-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_medieval_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_medieval_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Early medieval times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_medieval_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Islamic conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baloch_attack_on_Mahmud_Ghazni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baloch_attack_on_Mahmud_Ghazni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Baloch attack on Mahmud Ghazni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baloch_attack_on_Mahmud_Ghazni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princely_State_of_Makaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princely_State_of_Makaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Princely State of Makaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princely_State_of_Makaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مكران – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мекран – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мекран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мекрански планини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мекрански планини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_Makran" title="Regió de Makran – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió de Makran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makr%C3%A1n" title="Makrán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Makrán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μακρανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μακρανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makr%C3%A1n" title="Makrán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Makrán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مکران – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मकरान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मकरान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makranas" title="Makranas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Makranas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makr%C3%A1n" title="Makrán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Makrán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="मखराणा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मखराणा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makron" title="Makron – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Makron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਕਰਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਕਰਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مکران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مکران – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مکران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekran_(g%C3%B3ry)" title="Mekran (góry) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mekran (góry)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macr%C3%A3o" title="Macrão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Macrão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мекран – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мекран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مڪران – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڪران" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Макран – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Макран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makran" title="Makran – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Makran" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekran" title="Mekran – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mekran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мекран – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мекран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مکران – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکران" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="莫克兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫克兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Makran&params=25.30541_N_60.64108_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°18′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">60°38′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.30541°N 60.64108°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.30541; 60.64108</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Semi-desert coastal region in Iran and Pakistan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the coastal strip in Pakistan and Iran. For the village in Iran, see <a href="/wiki/Makran,_Iran" title="Makran, Iran">Makran, Iran</a>. For the former princely state, see <a href="/wiki/Makran_(princely_state)" title="Makran (princely state)">Makran (princely state)</a>. For the Iranian port-ship, see <a href="/wiki/Makran_(port_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makran (port ship)">Makran (port ship)</a>. For the Iranian Infantry Fighting Vehicle, see <a href="/wiki/Makran_IFV" title="Makran IFV">Makran IFV</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan,_Central_Makran_Range_01_(2294354578).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pakistan%2C_Central_Makran_Range_01_%282294354578%29.jpg/200px-Pakistan%2C_Central_Makran_Range_01_%282294354578%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pakistan%2C_Central_Makran_Range_01_%282294354578%29.jpg/300px-Pakistan%2C_Central_Makran_Range_01_%282294354578%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pakistan%2C_Central_Makran_Range_01_%282294354578%29.jpg/400px-Pakistan%2C_Central_Makran_Range_01_%282294354578%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The central Makran range in Pakistan and Iran.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Makran</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مكران</span>), also mentioned in some sources as <i>Mecran</i> and <i>Mokrān</i>, is the southern coastal region of <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a>. It is a semi-<a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coastal</a> strip in the <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, along the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a>. It extends westwards, from the <a href="/wiki/Sonmiani_Bay" title="Sonmiani Bay">Sonmiani Bay</a> to the northwest of <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> in the east, to the fringes of the region of Bashkardia/Bāšgerd in the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistan and Baluchestan">Sistan and Baluchestan</a> <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a> of modern Iran. Makrān is thus bisected by the modern political <a href="/wiki/Iran-Pakistan_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Pakistan border">boundary between Pakistan and Iran</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_provinces_in_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Iran_provinces_in_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg/217px-Iran_provinces_in_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Iran_provinces_in_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg/326px-Iran_provinces_in_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Iran_provinces_in_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg/434px-Iran_provinces_in_Abbasid_Caliphate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Map showing Makran's location during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>. from the book of historical geography of the lands of the Eastern Caliphate.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_-_Balochistan_-_Makran_(division).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pakistan_-_Balochistan_-_Makran_%28division%29.svg/220px-Pakistan_-_Balochistan_-_Makran_%28division%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pakistan_-_Balochistan_-_Makran_%28division%29.svg/330px-Pakistan_-_Balochistan_-_Makran_%28division%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pakistan_-_Balochistan_-_Makran_%28division%29.svg/440px-Pakistan_-_Balochistan_-_Makran_%28division%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="1223" /></a><figcaption>The Makran in Pakistan.</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The southern part of Balochistan is called <i>Kech Makran</i> on Pakistani side and Makran on the Iranian side which is also the name of a former Iranian province.<sup id="cite_ref-Makran_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makran-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location corresponds to that of the <a href="/wiki/Maka_(satrapy)" title="Maka (satrapy)">Maka satrapy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> times. The Sumerian trading partners of <a href="/wiki/Magan_(civilization)" title="Magan (civilization)">Magan</a> are identified with Makran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansman1973555_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansman1973555-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Varahamihira" class="mw-redirect" title="Varahamihira">Varahamihira</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brihat_Samhita" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihat Samhita">Brihat Samhita</a>, there is a mention of a tribe called <i>Makara</i> inhabiting the lands west of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arrian" title="Arrian">Arrian</a> used the term <i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyophagoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyophagoi">Ichthyophagi</a></i> (Ancient Greek for "fish eaters") for inhabitants of coastal areas, which has led to a suggestion to derive <i>Makran</i> from the modern Persian term <i>māhī khorān</i>, meaning "fish eaters".<sup id="cite_ref-PoloYule1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoloYule1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Makran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Makran">Kingdom of Makran</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earliest_settlements">Earliest settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Earliest settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kech-Makran region in southwestern Pakistan, along <a href="/wiki/Kech_River" title="Kech River">Kech River</a>, was inhabited as early as the 5th millennium BCE. The site of <a href="/wiki/Miri_Qalat" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri Qalat">Miri Qalat</a> was investigated by French and Pakistani archaeologists from 1987 to 2007. Later, the site of Shahi-Tump, near <a href="/wiki/Turbat" title="Turbat">Turbat</a>, was also studied.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large and massive quadrangular stone building were constructed already before 4000 BCE. Flints, worked stones, and bone tools used by the inhabitants were found by archaeologists, but no ceramics were yet used. </p><p>In this Period I the inhabitants of the Kech River Valley already cultivated wheat and barley, as well as lentils. They had domesticated cattle, goats, and sheep. They also caught fish from the Oman Sea. </p><p>During Period II, the building of massive architectural structures continued, and a quadrangular stone complex was built. Later, mud brick constructions also appear on top of some of these stone buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Miri Qalat, some links with <a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> culture ceramics were also found.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The related site of <a href="/wiki/Balakot,_Makran" class="mw-redirect" title="Balakot, Makran">Balakot, Makran</a>, going back to 4000 BCE, was also studied by archaeologists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_times">Ancient times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the victory of the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan Empire">Mauryan Empire</a> against the Greeks in the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a>, Baluchistan came under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> of ancient India. Chandragupta and Seleucus made a peace settlement in 304 BCE. Seleucus I Nicator ceded the satrapies, including those in Baluchistan to the expanding Mauryan Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alliance was solidified with a marriage between Chandragupta Maurya and a princess of the Seleucid Empire. An outcome of the arrangement proved to be mutually beneficial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The border between the Seleucid and Mauryan Empires remained stable in subsequent generations, and friendly diplomatic relations are reflected by the ambassador <a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a>, and by the envoys sent westward by Chandragupta's grandson <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sasanian_Empire">Sasanian Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sasanian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I%27s_inscription_at_the_Ka%27ba-ye_Zartosht" title="Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht">Shapur I's trilingual inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht</a> in <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-i-Rustam" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqsh-i-Rustam">Naqsh-i-Rustam</a>, dated to 262 CE, had noted "Makuran"/"Makran" to be one of the many provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a>: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shapur_Kabe_Zartosht_Pahlavi_scripts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Shapur_Kabe_Zartosht_Pahlavi_scripts.png/220px-Shapur_Kabe_Zartosht_Pahlavi_scripts.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Shapur_Kabe_Zartosht_Pahlavi_scripts.png/330px-Shapur_Kabe_Zartosht_Pahlavi_scripts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Shapur_Kabe_Zartosht_Pahlavi_scripts.png/440px-Shapur_Kabe_Zartosht_Pahlavi_scripts.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>Parthian version of the Shapur I inscription at Ka'ba-ye Zartosht.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>And I (<a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a>) possess the lands: Fars [<a href="/wiki/Persis" title="Persis">Persis</a>], Pahlav [<a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a>] ... and all of Abarshahr (all the upper (eastern, Parthian) provinces), <a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakastan_(Sasanian_province)" title="Sakastan (Sasanian province)">Sakastan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turgistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turgistan">Turgistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Makuran">Makuran</a>, Pardan [<a href="/wiki/Paradene" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradene">Paradene</a>], Hind [<a href="/wiki/Hind_(Sasanian_province)" title="Hind (Sasanian province)">Sind</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Kushanshahr" title="Kushanshahr">Kushanshahr</a> all the way to Pashkibur [<a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>?] and to the borders of <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdiana">Sogdia</a> and Chach [<a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>] and of that sea-coast Mazonshahr [<a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>]. </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I%27s_inscription_at_the_Ka%27ba-ye_Zartosht" title="Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht">Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht</a> (262 CE), translation by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Wieseh%C3%B6fer" title="Josef Wiesehöfer">Josef Wiesehöfer</a> (1996).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhist_and_Hindu_past">Buddhist and Hindu past</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Buddhist and Hindu past"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-Bīrūnī</a> states in his book <i>Alberuni's India</i> that the coast of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> begins with <a href="/wiki/Tis,_Iran" title="Tis, Iran">Tiz</a>, the capital of Makran.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to historian Andre Wink: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;border-color:lightgrey"><div style="position:relative;width:290px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makran is located in South Asia"><img alt="Makran is located in South Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/290px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/435px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/580px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span><div id="annotation_230x5" style="position:absolute; left:230px; top:5px; font-size:10px; font-weight:bold; font-size:10; line-height:12px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;">South Asia<br />350 CE</span></div><div id="annotation_10x95" style="position:absolute; left:10px; top:95px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Long_Rectangle_(plain).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png/35px-Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png/53px-Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png/70px-Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div><div id="annotation_90x80" style="position:absolute; left:90px; top:80px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Yaudheya" title="Yaudheya"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">YAUDHEYAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_130x75" style="position:absolute; left:130px; top:75px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Arjunayanas" title="Arjunayanas"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">ARJUNAYANAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_90x65" style="position:absolute; left:90px; top:65px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Madra_kingdom" title="Madra kingdom"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">MADRAKAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_100x100" style="position:absolute; left:100px; top:100px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Malavas" title="Malavas"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">MALAVAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_130x175" style="position:absolute; left:130px; top:175px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Ikshvaku" title="Andhra Ikshvaku"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">ANDHRA IKSHVAKUS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_115x220" style="position:absolute; left:115px; top:220px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kalabhra_dynasty" title="Kalabhra dynasty"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">KALABHRAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_115x200" style="position:absolute; left:115px; top:200px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">WESTERN<br />GANGAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_160x3" style="position:absolute; left:160px; top:3px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians"><span style="color:#006400FF">TOCHARIANS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_100x185" style="position:absolute; left:100px; top:185px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">KADAMBAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_130x192" style="position:absolute; left:130px; top:192px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">PALLAVAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_85x44" style="position:absolute; left:85px; top:44px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire"><span style="color:#006400FF">LITTLE<br />KUSHANS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_175x90" style="position:absolute; left:175px; top:90px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Licchavi_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Licchavi (tribe)"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">LICCHAVIS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_75x115" style="position:absolute; left:75px; top:115px; font-size:8px; font-weight:bold; font-size:8; line-height:10px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps"><span style="color:#006400FF">WESTERN<br />SATRAPS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_50x80" style="position:absolute; left:50px; top:80px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Hind_(Sasanian_province)" title="Hind (Sasanian province)"><span style="color:#006400FF">SASANIAN<br />HIND</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_185x135" style="position:absolute; left:185px; top:135px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Nagas_of_Vindhyatabi" title="Nagas of Vindhyatabi"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">NAGAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_215x98" style="position:absolute; left:215px; top:98px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kamarupa" title="Kamarupa"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">KAMARUPA</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_200x113" style="position:absolute; left:200px; top:113px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">GAUDA</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_215x125" style="position:absolute; left:215px; top:125px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Samatata" title="Samatata"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">SAMATATAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_238x108" style="position:absolute; left:238px; top:108px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Davaka_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Davaka Kingdom"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">DAVAKA</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_5x5" style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:5px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kidarites" title="Kidarites"><span style="color:#006400FF">KIDARITES</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_95x140" style="position:absolute; left:95px; top:140px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Abhira_dynasty" title="Abhira dynasty"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">ABHIRAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_105x155" style="position:absolute; left:105px; top:155px; font-size:8px; font-weight:bold; font-size:8; line-height:10px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Vakatakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakatakas"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">VAKATAKAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_150x100" style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:100px; font-size:9px; font-weight:bold; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire"><span style="color:#4F311CFF">GUPTA<br />EMPIRE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_40x20" style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:20px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom"><span style="color:#006400FF">KUSHANO-<br />SASANIANS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_10x70" style="position:absolute; left:10px; top:70px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Sakastan_(Sasanian_province)" title="Sakastan (Sasanian province)"><span style="color:#006400FF">SAKASTAN</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_25x85" style="position:absolute; left:25px; top:85px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Turan_(Sasanian_province)" title="Turan (Sasanian province)"><span style="color:#006400FF">TURAN</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_15x100" style="position:absolute; left:15px; top:100px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#006400FF">MAKRAN</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_3x45" style="position:absolute; left:3px; top:45px; font-size:9px; font-weight:bold; font-size:9; line-height:11px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire"><span style="color:#006400FF">SASANIAN<br />EMPIRE</span></a></span></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg" title="File:South Asia non political, with rivers.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Approximate location of the Sasanian Province of Makran and contemporary South Asian polities, circa 350 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Further evidence in the <a href="/wiki/Chach_Nama" title="Chach Nama">Chachnama</a> makes perfectly clear that many areas of Makran as of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> had a largely <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> population. When <a href="/wiki/Chach_of_Alor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chach of Alor">Chach</a> marched to Armabil, this town is described as having been in the hands of a Buddhist Samani (Samani Budda), a descendant of the agents of <a href="/wiki/Rai_Sahiras" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai Sahiras">Rai Sahiras</a> who had been elevated for their loyalty and devotion, but who later made themselves independent. The Buddhist chief offered his allegiance to Chach when the latter was on his way to Kirman in 631. The same chiefdom of Armadil is referred to by <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Hiuen Tsang</a> O-tien-p-o-chi-lo, located at the high road running through Makran, and he also describes it as predominantly Buddhist, thinly populated though it was, it had no less than 80 Buddhist convents with about 5000 monks. In effect at eighteen km northwest of Las Bela at Gandakahar, near the ruins of an ancient town are the <a href="/wiki/Shehr-e-Roghan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shehr-e-Roghan">caves of Gondrani</a>, and as their constructions show these caves were undoubtedly Buddhist. Traveling through the Kij valley further west (then under the government of Persia) Hiuen Tsang saw some 100 Buddhist monasteries and 6000 priests. He also saw several hundred <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva</a> temples in this part of Makran, and in the town of Su-nu li-chi-shi-fa-lo – which is probably Qasrqand – he saw a temple of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Maheshvara</a> Deva, richly adorned and sculptured. There is thus very wide extension of Indian cultural forms in Makran in the seventh century, even in the period when it fell under Persian sovereignty. By comparison in more recent times the last place of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> pilgrimage in Makran was <a href="/wiki/Hinglaj" title="Hinglaj">Hinglaj</a>, 256 km west of present-day Karachi in <a href="/wiki/Lasbela_District" title="Lasbela District">Las Bela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Wink has recorded <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Hiuen Tsang</a>'s notes on the language and script in use in easternmost Makran (eastern parts of Pakistani Balochistan and Sindh): </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MacedonEmpire-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Baluch and alexandar's empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/MacedonEmpire-2.jpg/220px-MacedonEmpire-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/MacedonEmpire-2.jpg/330px-MacedonEmpire-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/MacedonEmpire-2.jpg/440px-MacedonEmpire-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Paths that <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> took</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Hiuen Tsang considered the script which was in use in Makran to be "much the same as India", but the spoken language "differed a little from that of India".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_medieval_times">Early medieval times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early medieval times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hindu Sewa dynasty ruled much of Baluchistan up until the 7th century CE. The Sibi division carved out of Quetta division still derives its name from Rani Sewi, the queen of the Hindu Sewa dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 635 or 636 CE, the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Brahman_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahman dynasty">Brahman dynasty</a> of Sindh controlled parts of Balochistan.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_conquest">Islamic conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Islamic conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centralmakran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Centralmakran.jpg/200px-Centralmakran.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Centralmakran.jpg/300px-Centralmakran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Centralmakran.jpg/400px-Centralmakran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Central Makran range</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Islamic conquest of Makran took place during the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> in the year 643 CE . Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>'s governor of <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, Usman ibn Abu al-Aas, who was on a campaign to conquer the southern coastal areas beyond Sassanid, sent his brother Hakam ibn Abu al-Aas to raid and <a href="/wiki/Reconnoitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconnoitre">reconnoitre</a> the Makran region.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In late 644 CE Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> dispatched an army under the command of Hakam ibn Amr for the wholesale invasion of Makkuran. He was joined by reinforcements from <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> under the command of Shahab ibn Makharaq, and by Abdullah ibn Utban, the commander of a campaign in <a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a>. They encountered no strong resistance in Makran until the army of the King of <a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai</a>, along with contingents from Makran and Sind, stopped them near the <a href="/wiki/Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus">Indus River</a>. In mid-644 the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rasil" title="Battle of Rasil">Battle of Rasil</a> was fought between the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Rai Kingdom; the Raja's forces were defeated and forced to retreat to the eastern bank of the Indus. The Raja's army had included <a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">war elephants</a>, but these had posed little problem for the Muslim invaders, who had dealt with them during the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">conquest of Persia</a>. In accordance with the orders of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>, the captured war elephants were sold in Islamic Persia, with the proceeds distributed among the soldiers as share in booty.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>'s questions about the Makran region, the messenger from Makkuran who brought the news of the victory told him: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>O Commander of the faithful!<br /> It's a land where the plains are stony;<br /> Where water is scanty;<br /> Where the fruits are unsavory;<br /> Where men are known for treachery;<br /> Where plenty is unknown;<br /> Where virtue is held of little account;<br /> And where evil is dominant.<br /> A large army is less for there;<br /> And a less army is use less there;<br /> The land beyond it, is even worse [referring to Sind] </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Umar looked at the messenger and said: "Are you a messenger or a poet?" He replied, "Messenger". Thereupon Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> instructed Hakim bin Amr al Taghlabi that for the time being Makkuran should be the easternmost frontier of the Islamic empire, and that no further attempt should be made to extend the conquests. </p><p>It was reconquered by the usurper <a href="/wiki/Chach_of_Alor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chach of Alor">Chach of Alor</a> in 631. Ten years later, it was described to be "under the government of Persia" by <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> who visited the region. Three years later however, when the Arabs invaded, it was regarded as the "frontier of <i>Al-Hind</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> King of Sindh, Maharaja Chacha met the invaders outside Broach and defeated them with heavy slaughter also killing their very Commander-in-Chief Abdul Aziz in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baloch_attack_on_Mahmud_Ghazni">Baloch attack on Mahmud Ghazni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Baloch attack on Mahmud Ghazni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baloch raiders plundered <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a>'s ambassador between Tabbas and Khabis. In revenge, his son Masud defeated them at the latter place, which lies at the foot of the Karman Mountains on the edge of the desert. <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Baluchistan_from_The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India_(1907-1909).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Map_of_Baluchistan_from_The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India_%281907-1909%29.jpg/220px-Map_of_Baluchistan_from_The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India_%281907-1909%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Map_of_Baluchistan_from_The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India_%281907-1909%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Baluchistan_from_The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India_%281907-1909%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Map_of_Baluchistan_from_The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India_%281907-1909%29.jpg/440px-Map_of_Baluchistan_from_The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India_%281907-1909%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Baluchistan_Agency" title="Baluchistan Agency">Baluchistan Agency</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From the 15th century onward, the area was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Rind_(tribe)" title="Rind (tribe)">Rind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boledehi" title="Boledehi">Buledai</a>, and Gichki. </p><p>The sultanate held onto the Makran coast throughout the period of British colonial rule, but eventually, only Gwadar was left in the hands of the sultan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Princely_State_of_Makaran">Princely State of Makaran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Princely State of Makaran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the independence of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, Makran became a district within the province of Balochistan, with the exception of an area of 800 km<sup>2</sup> (310 sq mi) around Gwadar. <b>Makran</b> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ریاست مکران</span></span>) was an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_alliance" title="Subsidiary alliance">subsidiary alliance</a> with <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> until 1947, before acceding to Pakistan as an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">princely state of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ceased to exist in 1955. It was located in the extreme southwest of present-day <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, an area now parts of the districts of <a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kech_District" title="Kech District">Kech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panjgur" title="Panjgur">Panjgur</a>. The state did not include the <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">enclave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gwadar#Omani_rule" title="Gwadar">Omani Gwadar</a>, which was under <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Omani</a> rule until 1958. </p><p>Makran state was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Gichki" title="Gichki">Gichki</a> Nawabs,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were of <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rajputs" title="Muslim Rajputs">Rajputs</a> origins.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ancestor, Jagat Singh had migrated from Rajputana in the 17th century and became Muslim. In 1958 the Gwadar enclave was transferred to Pakistani control as part of the district of Makran. The entire region has been subdivided into new smaller districts over the years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makran.makoran_pars1744_Amesterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Makran.makoran_pars1744_Amesterdam.jpg/220px-Makran.makoran_pars1744_Amesterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Makran.makoran_pars1744_Amesterdam.jpg/330px-Makran.makoran_pars1744_Amesterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Makran.makoran_pars1744_Amesterdam.jpg/440px-Makran.makoran_pars1744_Amesterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Makran.makoran pars1744 Amesterdam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gwadar_Fishing_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gwadar in Makran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gwadar_Fishing_Port.jpg/220px-Gwadar_Fishing_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gwadar_Fishing_Port.jpg/330px-Gwadar_Fishing_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gwadar_Fishing_Port.jpg/440px-Gwadar_Fishing_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a> beach in Makran region-today the economy of Makrani Baloch is largely based on use of the ocean.</figcaption></figure> <p>The narrow coastal plain rises rapidly into several mountain ranges. Of the 1,000 km (620 mi) coastline, around 750 km (470 mi) are in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. The climate is dry with little rainfall. Makran is very sparsely inhabited, with much of the population concentrated in a string of small ports including <a href="/wiki/Chabahar" title="Chabahar">Chabahar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwatar">Gwatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiwani" title="Jiwani">Jiwani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jask" title="Jask">Jask</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirik,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirik, Iran">Sirik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a> (not to be confused with Gwatar), <a href="/wiki/Pasni_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasni City">Pasni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormara" title="Ormara">Ormara</a> and many smaller fishing villages. </p><p>There is only one island off the coast of Makran, <a href="/wiki/Astola" class="mw-redirect" title="Astola">Astola Island</a>, near Pasni although there are several small islets. The coastline has a number of lagoons and bays. The main lagoons are <a href="/wiki/Miani_Hor" title="Miani Hor">Miani Hor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khor_Kalmat" title="Khor Kalmat">Khor Kalmat</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jiwani_Coastal_Wetland" title="Jiwani Coastal Wetland">Jiwani Coastal Wetland</a>. The main bays are from east to west: Ormara East Bay, Ormara West Bay, Pasni Bay, <a href="/wiki/Surbandar" title="Surbandar">Surbandar</a> Bay, Gwadar East Bay, Gwadar West Bay and <a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a> (which includes Jiwani Bay). This latter bay shelters a large <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> forest and the nesting grounds of endangered turtle species. The <a href="/wiki/Mirani_Dam" title="Mirani Dam">Mirani Dam</a> provides irrigation, flood prevention and water supply to Gwadar city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religious groups in the Makran Division of <a href="/wiki/Kalat_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat State">Kalat State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baluchistan_Agency" title="Baluchistan Agency">British Baluchistan</a> era) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religious</a><br />group </th> <th colspan="2">1911<sup id="cite_ref-Census1911B_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1911B-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1921<sup id="cite_ref-Census1921B_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1921B-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1931<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931B_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931B-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1941<sup id="cite_ref-Census1941B_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1941B-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/15px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/23px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </th> <td>71,758 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001997442384142781♠" style="display:none"></span>99.74% </td> <td>71,625 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001996729752296131♠" style="display:none"></span>99.67% </td> <td>68,213 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001996362945867780♠" style="display:none"></span>99.64% </td> <td>86,406 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001997172565809973♠" style="display:none"></span>99.72% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/30px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </th> <td>137 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999190431180673320♠" style="display:none"></span>0.19% </td> <td>216 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999300584469802393♠" style="display:none"></span>0.3% </td> <td>233 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999340334784259881♠" style="display:none"></span>0.34% </td> <td>206 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999237735282916527♠" style="display:none"></span>0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> </th> <td>40 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998556003447221372♠" style="display:none"></span>0.06% </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998153075424436404♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998160673074114107♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998230810954287890♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/15px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/23px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/30px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span> </th> <td>2 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997278001723610686♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998111327581408293♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997438199293038473♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998196189311144706♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/15px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/23px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/30px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </th> <td>4 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997556003447221372♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997115405477143945♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </th> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997139000861805343♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997292132862025649♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997115405477143945♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/15px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/23px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/30px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span> </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Others </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>71,942 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>71,860 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>68,462 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>86,651 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chabahar" title="Chabahar">Chabahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khor_Kalmat" title="Khor Kalmat">Khor Kalmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyari_Town" title="Lyari Town">Lyari Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran_Coastal_Highway" title="Makran Coastal Highway">Makran Coastal Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran_Coastal_Range" title="Makran Coastal Range">Makran Coastal Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran_Division" title="Makran Division">Makran Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27aschi" title="N'aschi">N'aschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokhta_Koh" title="Sokhta Koh">Sokhta Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Makran" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Makran">State of Makran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan#Western_highlands.2C_plains_and_deserts" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife of Pakistan § Western highlands, plains and deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Balochistan_earthquake" title="1945 Balochistan earthquake">1945 Balochistan earthquake</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Makran-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Makran_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/place/Makran-region-Asia">"Makran"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307222126/https://www.britannica.com/place/Makran-region-Asia">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Makran&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMakran-region-Asia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansman1973555-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansman1973555_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansman1973">Hansman 1973</a>, p. 555.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoloYule1993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PoloYule1993_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuleCordier1993" class="citation cs2">Yule, Sir Henry; Cordier, Henri, eds. (1993) [first published 1903, revised 1920], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TexF3FC87YC&pg=PA402"><i>The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition, Volume II</i></a>, Courier Corporation, pp. 402–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-27587-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-27587-1"><bdi>978-0-486-27587-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Marco+Polo%3A+The+Complete+Yule-Cordier+Edition%2C+Volume+II&rft.pages=402-&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-486-27587-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3TexF3FC87YC%26pg%3DPA402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aurore_Didier" title="Aurore Didier">Aurore Didier</a>, Benjamin Mutin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancient-herat.de/uploads/attachments/ckvfk2r8p01o5nhcpe95gb0ap-11a-kech-makran.pdf">"The Kech-Makran region in Protohistoric Times"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403091132/https://ancient-herat.de/uploads/attachments/ckvfk2r8p01o5nhcpe95gb0ap-11a-kech-makran.pdf">Archived</a> 2022-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In Ute Franke; Elisa Cortesi. <i>Lost and Found: Prehistoric Pottery Treasures from Baluchistan</i>. SMB. pp. 297–333. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-051309-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-051309-1">978-3-00-051309-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aurore_Didier" title="Aurore Didier">Aurore Didier</a>, Benjamin Mutin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancient-herat.de/uploads/attachments/ckvfk2r8p01o5nhcpe95gb0ap-11a-kech-makran.pdf">"The Kech-Makran region in Protohistoric Times"</a>. In Ute Franke; Elisa Cortesi. <i>Lost and Found: Prehistoric Pottery Treasures from Baluchistan</i>. SMB. pp. 297–333. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-051309-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-051309-1">978-3-00-051309-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van De Mieroop, M. (2008). <i>A history of the ancient Near East</i>. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKosmin201433–34_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKosmin2014">Kosmin 2014</a>, p. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The complete paragraph goes:<br />"And I [Shapur I] possess the lands: Fars [Persis], Pahlav [Parthia], Huzestan [Khuzistan], Meshan [Maishan, Mesene], Asorestan [Mesopotamia], Nod-Ardakhshiragan [Adiabene], Arbayestan [Arabia], Adurbadagan [Atropatene], Armen [Armenia], Virozan [Iberia], Segan [Machelonia], Arran [Albania], Balasagan up to the Caucasus and to the 'gate of the Alans' and all of Padishkhvar[gar] [the entire Elburz chain = Tabaristan and Gelan (?)], Mad [Media], Gurgan [Hyrcania], Marv [Margiana], Harey [Aria], and all of Abarshahr [all the upper (= eastern, Parthian) provinces], Kerman [Kirman], Sakastan, Turgistan, Makuran, Pardan [Paradene], Hind [Sind] and Kushanshahr all the way to Pashkibur [Peshawar?] and to the borders of Kashgaria, Sogdia and Chach [Tashkent] and of that sea-coast Mazonshahr ['Oman']."<br />in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiesehöfer1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Wieseh%C3%B6fer" title="Josef Wiesehöfer">Wiesehöfer, Josef</a> (1996). <i>Ancient Persia : from 550 BC to 650 AD</i>. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1860646751" title="Special:BookSources/978-1860646751"><bdi>978-1860646751</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Persia+%3A+from+550+BC+to+650+AD&rft.place=London&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1860646751&rft.aulast=Wieseh%C3%B6fer&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a secondary source see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKia2016" class="citation book cs1">Kia, Mehrdad (27 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67"><i>The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-391-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-391-2"><bdi>978-1-61069-391-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Empire%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+%5B2+volumes%5D%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-391-2&rft.aulast=Kia&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB5BHDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For another referenced translation, visible online, see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye1984" class="citation book cs1">Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0y1jeSqbHLwC&pg=PA371"><i>The History of Ancient Iran</i></a>. C.H.Beck. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-09397-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-09397-5"><bdi>978-3-406-09397-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Ancient+Iran&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=C.H.Beck&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-3-406-09397-5&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Richard+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0y1jeSqbHLwC%26pg%3DPA371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBīrūnī" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Bīrūnī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (about A.D. 1030)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alberunisindiaac01brnm/page/208/mode/1up?view=theater"><i>Alberuni's India</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: <a href="/wiki/Kegan_Paul,_Trench_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Kegan Paul, Trench and Company">Trübner</a>, 1888. p. 208<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alberuni%27s+India&rft.place=London&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner%2C+1888&rft.aulast=B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad+%28about+A.D.+1030%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falberunisindiaac01brnm%2Fpage%2F208%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzberg1978" class="citation book cs1">Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182"><i>A Historical atlas of South Asia</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (h). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226742210" title="Special:BookSources/0226742210"><bdi>0226742210</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical+atlas+of+South+Asia&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=145%2C+map+XIV.1+%28h%29&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0226742210&rft.aulast=Schwartzberg&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fschwartzberg%2Fpager.html%3Fobject%3D182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">André Wink, <i>Al-Hind: Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th–11th centuries</i>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">André Wink, <i>Al-Hind: Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th–11th centuries</i>, p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Syed Abdul Quddus, <i>The tribal Baluchistan</i>, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2005" class="citation book cs1">Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3"><bdi>1-57958-468-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57958-468-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Al Baldiah wal nahaiyah</i> vol: 7 page 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tarikh al Tabri</i>, vol: 4 page no: 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&pg=PA136"><i>Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th–11th Centuries</i></a>. Brill. 2002. pp. 131–132, 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041738" title="Special:BookSources/0391041738"><bdi>0391041738</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Hind%2C+the+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World%3A+Early+Medieval+India+and+the+Expansion+of+Islam+7th%E2%80%9311th+Centuries&rft.pages=131-132%2C+136&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0391041738&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg2m7_R5P2oAC%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavarkar2020" class="citation book cs1">Savarkar, Veer (2020-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IajTDwAAQBAJ&dq=usman+the+governor+of+oman&pg=PT151"><i>Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History</i></a>. Prabhat Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5322-097-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5322-097-6"><bdi>978-93-5322-097-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+Glorious+Epochs+of+Indian+History&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.isbn=978-93-5322-097-6&rft.aulast=Savarkar&rft.aufirst=Veer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIajTDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dusman%2Bthe%2Bgovernor%2Bof%2Boman%26pg%3DPT151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunshi1944" class="citation book cs1">Munshi, Kanaiyalal Maneklal (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gfAdAAAAMAAJ&q=usman+the+governor+of+oman"><i>The Glory that was Gūrjaradeśa: The Imperial Gūrjaras. 1st ed</i></a>. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glory+that+was+G%C5%ABrjarade%C5%9Ba%3A+The+Imperial+G%C5%ABrjaras.+1st+ed&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Munshi&rft.aufirst=Kanaiyalal+Maneklal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgfAdAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dusman%2Bthe%2Bgovernor%2Bof%2Boman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denzil Ibbetson, Edward MacLagan, H. A. Rose (1911). <i>A Glossary of The Tribes & Casts of The Punjab & North-West Frontier Province</i>. Vol. II. p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillalamarri" class="citation web cs1">Pillalamarri, Akhilesh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/a-brief-history-of-balochistan/">"A Brief History of Balochistan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401095200/https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/a-brief-history-of-balochistan">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Balochistan&rft.aulast=Pillalamarri&rft.aufirst=Akhilesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2016%2F02%2Fa-brief-history-of-balochistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2020" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Fida Hussain (2020-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNwCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11"><i>Balochistan: A Conflict of Narratives</i></a>. Saiyid Books. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-2200-02-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-2200-02-8"><bdi>978-969-2200-02-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240308214358/https://books.google.com/books?id=VNwCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balochistan%3A+A+Conflict+of+Narratives&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Saiyid+Books&rft.date=2020-10-14&rft.isbn=978-969-2200-02-8&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Fida+Hussain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVNwCEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuddus1990" class="citation book cs1">Quddus, Syed Abdul (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgFuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Tribal Baluchistan</i></a>. Ferozsons. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-0-10047-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-0-10047-4"><bdi>978-969-0-10047-4</bdi></a>. <q>The former rulers of Makran and Lasbela, Gichki and Jamots respectively, are Rajputs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tribal+Baluchistan&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Ferozsons&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-969-0-10047-4&rft.aulast=Quddus&rft.aufirst=Syed+Abdul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgFuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpooner1964" class="citation journal cs1">Spooner, Brian (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299552">"Kūch u Balūch and Ichthyophagi"</a>. <i>Iran</i>. <b>2</b>: 53–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4299552">10.2307/4299552</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0578-6967">0578-6967</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299552">4299552</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103184353/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299552">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-13</span></span>. <q>The Gichki are the descendants of a Rajput family which settled in 17th century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran&rft.atitle=K%C5%ABch+u+Bal%C5%ABch+and+Ichthyophagi&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=53-67&rft.date=1964&rft.issn=0578-6967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4299552%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4299552&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4299552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1911B-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1911B_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393764">"Census of India 1911. Vol. 4, Baluchistan : pt. 1, Report; pt. 2, Tables"</a>. 1911. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393764">saoa.crl.25393764</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1911.+Vol.+4%2C+Baluchistan+%3A+pt.+1%2C+Report%3B+pt.+2%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25393764%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25393764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1921B-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1921B_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394124">"Census of India 1921. Vol. 4, Baluchistan : part I, Report; part II, Tables"</a>. 1921. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394124">saoa.crl.25394124</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1921.+Vol.+4%2C+Baluchistan+%3A+part+I%2C+Report%3B+part+II%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=165&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394124%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931B-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931B_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797115">"Census of India 1931. Vol. 4, Baluchistan. Pts. 1 & 2, Report [and] Imperial and provincial tables"</a>. 1931. p. 390. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797115">saoa.crl.25797115</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1931.+Vol.+4%2C+Baluchistan.+Pts.+1+%26+2%2C+Report+%5Band%5D+Imperial+and+provincial+tables.&rft.pages=390&rft.date=1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25797115%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25797115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1941B-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1941B_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1941" class="citation web cs1">India Census Commissioner (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215993">"Census of India, 1941. Vol. 14, Baluchistan"</a>. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215993">saoa.crl.28215993</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1941.+Vol.+14%2C+Baluchistan&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.28215993%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.28215993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Nicolini, Beatrice, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/17031343/The-MakranBaluchAfrican-Network-in-Zanzibar-and-East-Africa-during-the-XIXth-Century">The Makran-Baluch-African Network in Zanzibar and East Africa during the XIXth Century</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, African and Asian Studies, Volume 5, Numbers 3–4, 2006, pp. 347–370(24)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolini2008" class="citation cs2">Nicolini, Beatrice (2008-01-01), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162914.i-196.48">"Chapter Five. The Makran-Baluch-African Network In Zanzibar And East Africa During The XIXth Century"</a>, <i>Uncovering the History of Africans in Asia</i>, BRILL, pp. 81–106, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004162914.i-196.48">10.1163/ej.9789004162914.i-196.48</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16291-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16291-4"><bdi>978-90-04-16291-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uncovering+the+History+of+Africans+in+Asia&rft.atitle=Chapter+Five.+The+Makran-Baluch-African+Network+In+Zanzibar+And+East+Africa+During+The+XIXth+Century&rft.pages=81-106&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004162914.i-196.48&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16291-4&rft.aulast=Nicolini&rft.aufirst=Beatrice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004162914.i-196.48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink2002" class="citation book cs1">Wink, André (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&dq=makran+temple&pg=PA134"><i>Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-391-04173-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-391-04173-8"><bdi>978-0-391-04173-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101173457/https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&dq=makran+temple&pg=PA134">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Hind%2C+the+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World%3A+Early+Medieval+India+and+the+Expansion+of+Islam+7Th-11th+Centuries&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-391-04173-8&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg2m7_R5P2oAC%26dq%3Dmakran%2Btemple%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Eilers, Wilhelm, Das Volk der Makā vor und nach den Achämeniden, AMI Ergänzungsband 10, 1983, 101–119</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansman1973" class="citation journal cs1">Hansman, John (1973). "A Periplus of Magan and Meluhha". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 553–587. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00119858">10.1017/S0041977X00119858</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/613582">613582</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140709175">140709175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Periplus+of+Magan+and+Meluhha&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=553-587&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A140709175%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F613582%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00119858&rft.aulast=Hansman&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosmin2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Kosmin" title="Paul J. Kosmin">Kosmin, Paul J.</a> (2014). <i>The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-72882-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-72882-0"><bdi>978-0-674-72882-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land+of+the+Elephant+Kings%3A+Space%2C+Territory%2C+and+Ideology+in+Seleucid+Empire&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-674-72882-0&rft.aulast=Kosmin&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Makran" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Makran">Makran</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Makran" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Makran">Makran</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090826205958/http://www.transpakistan.com.pk/balochistan.htm">Balochistan and Makran, Pakistan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadensa.bl.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/XPF0POgBnI/248030005/18/X087/XSERIES/1CD0127170">'Music of Makran: traditional fusion from coastal Balochistan' from the British Library Sound Archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129051055/http://cadensa.bl.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/XPF0POgBnI/248030005/18/X087/XSERIES/1CD0127170">Archived</a> 2021-11-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoldich1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Holdich, Thomas (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Makran"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Makran">"Makran" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). p. 452.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Makran&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=452&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Holdich&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakran" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Geography_of_South_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GeoSouthAsia" title="Template talk:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GeoSouthAsia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">Eastern Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountains_(Bhutan)" title="Black Mountains (Bhutan)">Black Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundwa_Range" title="Dundwa Range">Dundwa Range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Great Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalayan_Range" title="Lower Himalayan Range">Lesser Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Himalayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Himalayas">Tibetan Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayas" title="Western Himalayas">Western Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal Range">Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_Himalaya" title="Kishtwar Himalaya">Kishtwar Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Range" title="Ladakh Range">Ladakh Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanskar_Range" title="Zanskar Range">Zanskar Range</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Mountains" title="Sulaiman Mountains">Sulaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Kakar_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Toba Kakar Range">Toba Kakar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambanad_Hills" title="Ambanad Hills">Ambanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaimalai_Hills" title="Anaimalai Hills">Anaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Biligiriranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom_Hills" title="Cardamom Hills">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Mountains" title="Nilgiri Mountains">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satmala_Range" title="Satmala Range">Satmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbari_Range" title="Selbari Range">Selbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palani_Hills" title="Palani Hills">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peaks_in_the_Western_Ghats" title="List of peaks in the Western Ghats">Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumoorthy_hills" title="Thirumoorthy hills">Thirumoorthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Range" title="Trimbakeshwar Range">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biligiriranga_Hills" title="Biligiriranga Hills">Bilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhamalai" title="Bodhamalai">Bodhamalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitteri_Hills" title="Chitteri Hills">Chitteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erramala" title="Erramala">Erramala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhamardan_Hills" title="Gandhamardan Hills">Gandhamardan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhjat_Hills" title="Garhjat Hills">Garhjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javadi_Hills" title="Javadi Hills">Javadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalrayan_Hills" title="Kalrayan Hills">Kalrayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolli_Hills" title="Kolli Hills">Kolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallamala_Hills" title="Nallamala Hills">Nallamalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyamgiri" title="Niyamgiri">Niyamgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachaimalai_Hills" title="Pachaimalai Hills">Pachaimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palkonda_Hills" title="Palkonda Hills">Palkonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshachalam_Hills" title="Seshachalam Hills">Seshachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhachalam_Hill_Range" title="Simhachalam Hill Range">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servarayan_Hills" title="Servarayan Hills">Servarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirumalai_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirumalai Hills">Sirumalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velikonda_Range" title="Velikonda Range">Velikonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravalli_Range" title="Aravalli Range">Aravalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvanchal_Range" title="Purvanchal Range">Purvanchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpura_Range" title="Satpura Range">Satpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plateaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thal_Desert" title="Thal Desert">Thal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lowlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges-Brahmaputra_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta">Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Plain" title="Punjab Plain">Punjab Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Basin" title="Indus Basin">Indus Basin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Delta">Indus Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coastal India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast of India">East Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast of India">West Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="Canara">Canara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water-bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majuli" title="Majuli">Majuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamban_Island" title="Pamban Island">Pamban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atolls_of_the_Maldives" title="Atolls of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central South Asia">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_South_Asia" title="Littoral South Asia">Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island South Asia">Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_South_Asia" title="Northern South Asia">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_South_Asia" title="Northwestern South Asia">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Asia" title="Eastern South Asia">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_South_Asia" title="Southern South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern South Asia">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern South Asia">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695111#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695111#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695111#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/241886332">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Makran&params=25.30541_N_60.64108_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°18′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">60°38′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and 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