CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Winston Churchill — Wikipèdia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ocwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"oc normal","wgMonthNames":["","genièr","febrièr","març","abril","mai","junh","julhet","agost","setembre","octobre","novembre","decembre"],"wgRequestId":"fef21bf2-60a4-47f7-b0e9-9661d3bf5176","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Winston_Churchill","wgTitle":"Winston Churchill","wgCurRevisionId":2448712,"wgRevisionId":2448712,"wgArticleId":16701,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals","Article redigit en provençau","Naissença al Reialme Unit","Naissença en 1874","Decès en 1965","Cap d'Estat o de govèrn de la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala","Cavalièr de la Cambaliga","Companh de la Liberacion","Escrivan britanic","Escrivan de lenga anglesa","Francmaçon","Istorian britanic","Laureat del Prèmi Nobel de Literatura","Personalitat protestanta","Pintre","Prèmi Nobel britanic", "Primièr ministre del Reialme Unit"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Winston_Churchill","wgRelevantArticleId":16701,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"oc","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"oc"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8016", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks" ,"ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/1200px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1492"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/800px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="995"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/640px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="796"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Winston Churchill — Wikipèdia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificar" href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipèdia (oc)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//oc.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.oc"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Winston_Churchill rootpage-Winston_Churchill skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal/Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal/Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Winston+Churchill" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Winston+Churchill" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Winston+Churchill" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Winston+Churchill" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jovença,_formacion_e_intrada_dins_la_vida_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jovença,_formacion_e_intrada_dins_la_vida_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jovença, formacion e intrada dins la vida politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jovença,_formacion_e_intrada_dins_la_vida_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Originas_e_estudis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Originas_e_estudis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Originas e estudis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Originas_e_estudis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carriera_militara_e_correspondent_de_guèrra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carriera_militara_e_correspondent_de_guèrra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Carriera militara e correspondent de guèrra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carriera_militara_e_correspondent_de_guèrra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'intrada_dins_la_vida_politica_britanica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'intrada_dins_la_vida_politica_britanica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>L'intrada dins la vida politica britanica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'intrada_dins_la_vida_politica_britanica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_la_Premiera_a_la_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_la_Premiera_a_la_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>De la Premiera a la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_la_Premiera_a_la_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L'expedicion_dei_Dardanèls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'expedicion_dei_Dardanèls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>L'expedicion dei Dardanèls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'expedicion_dei_Dardanèls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fin_de_la_guèrra_e_l'oposicion_a_la_revolucion_bolchevica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fin_de_la_guèrra_e_l'oposicion_a_la_revolucion_bolchevica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>La fin de la guèrra e l'oposicion a la revolucion bolchevica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fin_de_la_guèrra_e_l'oposicion_a_la_revolucion_bolchevica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_tornant_conservator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_tornant_conservator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Lo tornant conservator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_tornant_conservator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_nominacion_coma_Premier_Ministre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_nominacion_coma_Premier_Ministre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>La nominacion coma Premier Ministre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_nominacion_coma_Premier_Ministre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_motor_de_la_resisténcia_britanica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_motor_de_la_resisténcia_britanica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Lo motor de la resisténcia britanica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_motor_de_la_resisténcia_britanica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_victòria_còntra_l'Aisse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_victòria_còntra_l'Aisse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>La victòria còntra l'Aisse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_victòria_còntra_l'Aisse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'après-guèrra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'après-guèrra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>L'après-guèrra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'après-guèrra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_desfacha_electorala_de_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_desfacha_electorala_de_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>La desfacha electorala de 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_desfacha_electorala_de_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_començament_de_la_Guèrra_Freja_e_lei_darriers_mandats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_començament_de_la_Guèrra_Freja_e_lei_darriers_mandats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Lo començament de la Guèrra Freja e lei darriers mandats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_començament_de_la_Guèrra_Freja_e_lei_darriers_mandats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_retirada_e_la_mòrt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_retirada_e_la_mòrt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>La retirada e la mòrt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_retirada_e_la_mòrt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Annèxas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Winston Churchill</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 176 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль, Уинстон - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Черчилль, Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%B8%E1%88%AD%E1%89%BD%E1%88%8D" title="ዊንስተን ቸርችል - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዊንስተን ቸርችል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84" title="ونستون تشرشل - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ونستون تشرشل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%84" title="وينستون تشورتشل - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="وينستون تشورتشل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84" title="وينستون تشرشيل - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وينستون تشرشيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Винстон Черчилл - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Винстон Черчилл" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinston_%C3%87%C3%B6r%C3%A7ill" title="Vinston Çörçill - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vinston Çörçill" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="وینستون چرچیل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وینستون چرچیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinstons_%C4%8Cer%C4%8D%C4%97lis" title="Vinstons Čerčėlis - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vinstons Čerčėlis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уінстан Чэрчыль - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уінстан Чэрчыль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8E%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ўінстан Чэрчыль - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўінстан Чэрчыль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Уинстън Чърчил - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уинстън Чърчил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विंस्टन चर्चिल - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विंस्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="উইনস্টন চার্চিল - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইনস্টন চার্চিল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝིན་སུ་ཏོན་ཆུར་ཆེལ། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝིན་སུ་ཏོན་ཆུར་ཆེལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль Уинстон - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Черчилль Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%86%DA%B5" title="وینستن چێرچڵ - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وینستن چێرچڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CF%83%CF%8E%CF%81%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB" title="Ουίνστον Τσώρτσιλ - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουίνστον Τσώρτσιλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="وینستون چرچیل - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وینستون چرچیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchilli_Winston" title="Churchilli Winston - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Churchilli Winston" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" title="邱吉爾 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="邱吉爾" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - concani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="concani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2" title="વિન્સ્ટન ચર્ચિલ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિન્સ્ટન ચર્ચિલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%9C" title="וינסטון צ'רצ'יל - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וינסטון צ'רצ'יל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्सटन चर्चिल - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विन्सटन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill_(minisztereln%C3%B6k)" title="Winston Churchill (miniszterelnök) - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Winston Churchill (miniszterelnök)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%89%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Ուինսթոն Չերչիլ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուինսթոն Չերչիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A8%D5%B6_%D5%89%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Ուինսթըն Չըրչիլ - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ուինսթըն Չըրչիլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB" title="ウィンストン・チャーチル - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィンストン・チャーチル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.uinstyn._tcyrtcil." title=".uinstyn. tcyrtcil. - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".uinstyn. tcyrtcil." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B" title="វីនស្តុន ឆឺឈីល - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីនស្តុន ឆឺឈីល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ವಿನ್‌ಸ್ಟನ್‌ ಚರ್ಚಿಲ್‌ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿನ್‌ಸ್ಟನ್‌ ಚರ್ಚಿಲ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4_%EC%B2%98%EC%B9%A0" title="윈스턴 처칠 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈스턴 처칠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль, Уинстон - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Черчилль, Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Винстон Черчилль - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Винстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinstons_%C4%8C%C4%93r%C4%8Dils" title="Vinstons Čērčils - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vinstons Čērčils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Винстон Черчил - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Винстон Черчил" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="വിൻസ്റ്റൺ ചർച്ചിൽ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൻസ്റ്റൺ ചർച്ചിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE" title="ဝင်စတန် ချာချီ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝင်စတန် ချာချီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="چرچیل - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چرچیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A5%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%9B%DF%91%DF%95%DF%90%DF%B2_%DF%97%DF%90%DF%97%DF%8C%DF%9F" title="ߥߌ߲ߛߑߕߐ߲ ߗߐߗߌߟ - n’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߥߌ߲ߛߑߕߐ߲ ߗߐߗߌߟ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2" title="ਵਿੰਸਟਨ ਚਰਚਿਲ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿੰਸਟਨ ਚਰਚਿਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="ونسٹن چرچل - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ونسٹن چرچل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="وېنسټون چرچل - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېنسټون چرچل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Черчилль, Уинстон - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Черчилль, Уинстон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Вінстон Черчіл - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вінстон Черчіл" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विन्स्टन चर्चिल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱩᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱤᱞ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱭᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱤᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="ونسٽن چرچل - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ونسٽن چرچل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="වින්ස්ටන් චර්චිල් - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වින්ස්ටන් චර්චිල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Винстон Черчил - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Винстон Черчил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வின்ஸ்டன் சர்ச்சில் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வின்ஸ்டன் சர்ச்சில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Уинстон Чирчил - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уинстон Чирчил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="วินสตัน เชอร์ชิล - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วินสตัน เชอร์ชิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uinston_Cercill" title="Uinston Cercill - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Uinston Cercill" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Уинстон Черчилль - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уинстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Вінстон Черчилль - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вінстон Черчилль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%84" title="ونسٹن چرچل - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ونسٹن چرچل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cer%C4%8Dill%27_Uinston" title="Čerčill' Uinston - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čerčill' Uinston" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="温斯顿·丘吉尔 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="温斯顿·丘吉尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უინსტონ ჩერჩილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C" title="ווינסטאן טשערטשיל - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווינסטאן טשערטשיל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="温斯顿·丘吉尔 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="温斯顿·丘吉尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" title="邱吉爾 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="邱吉爾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" title="邱吉爾 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="邱吉爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8016#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Winston_Churchill&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d'aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d'aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d'opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/Winston_Churchill" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Winston_Churchill" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&oldid=2448712" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Winston_Churchill&id=2448712&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWinston_Churchill"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWinston_Churchill"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Winston+Churchill"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Winston_Churchill&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d'aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimibla</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d'autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8016" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1000_articles_fondamentals" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span title="Tièra de 1000 articles que totas las Wikipèdias deurián aver."><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Ti%C3%A8ra_de_1000_articles_que_totas_las_Wikip%C3%A8dias_deuri%C3%A1n_aver"><img alt="Tièra de 1000 articles que totas las Wikipèdias deurián aver." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/24px-1000F.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/36px-1000F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/49px-1000F.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-dialecte-provençau" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span title="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau."><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au"><img alt="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:130%" align="center" height="30px"><b>Winston Churchill</b> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Imatge illustratiu de l'article Winston Churchill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/220px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/330px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/440px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6036" data-file-height="7504" /></a></span> </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px;text-align:center;background-color:#4682B4;color:#FFFFFF">Foncions</th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px;text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_primi%C3%A8rs_ministres_del_Reialme_Unit" title="Lista dels primièrs ministres del Reialme Unit">primièr ministre del Reialme Unit</a></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/26_d%27octobre" title="26 d'octobre">26 d'octobre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a> – <a href="/wiki/7_d%27abril" title="7 d'abril">7 d'abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a></b></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row">Predecessor </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clement_Attlee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clement Attlee (la pagina existís pas)">Clement Attlee</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successor </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/10_de_mai" title="10 de mai">10 de mai</a> de <a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a> – <a href="/wiki/27_de_julhet" title="27 de julhet">27 de julhet</a> de <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a></b></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row">Predecessor </th> <td>Neville Chamberlain </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successor </th> <td>Clement Attlee </td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="FFFFFF" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%" align="center" height="20px"><b>Biografia</b> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Data de naissença </th> <td><a href="/wiki/30_de_novembre" title="30 de novembre">30 de novembre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1874" class="mw-redirect" title="1874">1874</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Luòc de naissença </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blenheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blenheim (la pagina existís pas)">Blenheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #4682B4 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">modificar</span></a></span> <span title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Infobox_Politician" title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><img alt="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill</b> (30 de novembre de <a href="/wiki/1874" class="mw-redirect" title="1874">1874</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blenheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blenheim (la pagina existís pas)">Blenheim</a> - 24 de genier de <a href="/wiki/1965" class="mw-redirect" title="1965">1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>) es un òme <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politic</a> <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">britanic</a> que tenguèt un ròtle major dins la direccion dau país entre leis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1910" title="Ans 1910">ans 1910</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1950" title="Ans 1950">ans 1950</a>. En particular, Premier Ministre entre <a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a> e <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>, foguèt un deis artesans de la resisténcia britanica còntra <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> durant la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Batalha d'Anglatèrra">batalha d'Anglatèrra</a> e, pus tard, de la victòria deis Aliats còntra l'Aisse. Participèt tanben a la definicion de l'òrdre internacionau eissit de la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a> e au començament de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a>. </p><p>Nascut dins una <a href="/wiki/Familha_(parent%C3%A8la)" title="Familha (parentèla)">familha</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocratica</a> importanta, s'engatjèt brèvament dins l'armada avans de s'interessar a la <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a>. Elegit parlamentari per lo premier còp deputat en <a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>, foguèt tornat elegir d'un biais quasi ininterromput fins a <a href="/wiki/1965" class="mw-redirect" title="1965">1965</a>. Comencèt sa carriera dins lo camp <a href="/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme">conservator</a>, mai faguèt partida dau camp liberau de <a href="/wiki/1904" class="mw-redirect" title="1904">1904</a> a <a href="/wiki/1924" class="mw-redirect" title="1924">1924</a>. Rapidament remarcat per sei talents oratòris, èra tanben un escrivan reconegut que rescontrèt lo succès tre la fin deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1890" title="Ans 1890">ans 1890</a> amb la publicacion de racòntes de guèrras viscuts coma <a href="/wiki/Oficier" title="Oficier">oficier</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Correspondent_de_gu%C3%A8rra" title="Correspondent de guèrra">correspondent de guèrra</a>. Aqueu trach literari demorèt una constanta de la vida politica de Churchill que recebèt lo <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Prèmi Nobel de Literatura">Prèmi Nobel de Literatura</a> per seis obratges istorics (en particular sei Memòrias). </p><p>Recebèt son premier ministèri en <a href="/wiki/1905" class="mw-redirect" title="1905">1905</a> e, durant sa carriera, ocupèt fòrça pòstes importants dins lo govèrn britanic coma ministre dei <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">colonias</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Marina_militara" title="Marina militara">marina</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Premier_Lord_de_l%27Amirautat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premier Lord de l'Amirautat (la pagina existís pas)">Premier Lord de l'Amirautat</a>), de l'armament ò de l'<a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cancelier_de_l%27Escaquier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cancelier de l'Escaquier (la pagina existís pas)">Cancelier de l'Escaquier</a>). Se destrièt avans la <a href="/wiki/Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a> per sa politica de modernizacion de l'armament navau e, durant la guèrra, per son sostèn au desvolopament dau <a href="/wiki/Carri_de_combat" title="Carri de combat">carri de combat</a>. Pasmens, deguèt demissionar après la revirada de l'<a href="/wiki/Expedicion_dei_Dardan%C3%A8ls" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedicion dei Dardanèls">expedicion dei Dardanèls</a> qu'èra una de seis idèas. Après guèrra, participèt ai negociacions dau <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Versalhas" title="Tractat de Versalhas">tractat de Versalhas</a>. Nomat ministre de l'economia, restabliguèt l'<a href="/wiki/Escandau_aur" title="Escandau aur">escandau aur</a>. Aquò foguèt a l'origina d'una crisi economica qu'entraïnèt de grèvas duras dins lei <a href="/wiki/Mina_(ja%C3%A7)" title="Mina (jaç)">minas</a> en <a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a>. Vengut una figura centrala dei mitans conservators e <a href="/wiki/Reaccion_(politica)" title="Reaccion (politica)">reaccionari</a>, aguèt una influéncia mens importanta dins leis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1930" title="Ans 1930">ans 1930</a>. D'efiech, partisan dau rearmament e d'una aliança amb <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> per luchar còntra la menaça <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemanda</a>, foguèt pas escotat per l'opinion publica. </p><p>Pasmens, en mai de <a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a>, après la revirada de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campanha_de_Norv%C3%A8gia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campanha de Norvègia (la pagina existís pas)">campanha de Norvègia</a>, foguèt nomat Premier Ministre. En despiech de la desfacha francesa, refusèt de negociar amb <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> e organizèt la resisténcia britanica ais atacas <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemandas</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italianas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">japonesas</a>. Après plusors desfachas, l'intrada en guèrra de l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> e deis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> permetèt d'equilibrar lo conflicte que s'acabèt per la victòria deis Aliats en <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>. Eròi de la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a>, Churchill foguèt paradoxalament batut per lei trabalhistas ais eleccions generalas de <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>. Cap de l'oposicion fins a son retorn au poder de <a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a> a <a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a>, assaièt de mantenir l'unitat de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic" title="Empèri Britanic">Empèri Britanic</a> e d'organizar l'aliança dei país occidentaus per combatre l'expansionisme e l'influéncia de l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Union Sovietica</a> dins lo monde. <a href="/wiki/Noblesa" title="Noblesa">Anoblit</a> en <a href="/wiki/1953" class="mw-redirect" title="1953">1953</a>, retirat en <a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a>, demorèt deputat durant un desenau d'annadas suplementàrias, mai son activitat politica foguèt febla durant lo periòde finau de sa <a href="/wiki/Vida" title="Vida">vida</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Biografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jovença,_formacion_e_intrada_dins_la_vida_politica"><span id="Joven.C3.A7a.2C_formacion_e_intrada_dins_la_vida_politica"></span>Jovença, formacion e intrada dins la vida politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Jovença, formacion e intrada dins la vida politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Jovença, formacion e intrada dins la vida politica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Originas_e_estudis">Originas e estudis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Originas e estudis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Originas e estudis"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winston Churchill nasquèt lo 30 de novembre de <a href="/wiki/1874" class="mw-redirect" title="1874">1874</a> dins lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_de_Blenheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palais de Blenheim (la pagina existís pas)">palais de Blenheim</a>. Sa <a href="/wiki/Familha_(parent%C3%A8la)" title="Familha (parentèla)">familha</a> fasiá partida de l'elèit anglosaxon dau periòde. Son paire, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Randolph_Henry_Spencer_Churchill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill (la pagina existís pas)">Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill</a> (<a href="/wiki/1849" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a>-<a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>), èra un descendent dirècte dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duc_de_Marlborough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duc de Marlborough (la pagina existís pas)">duc de Marlborough</a>. Elegit deputat conservator a 25 ans, foguèt una personalitat influenta de la vida politica britanica de la fin dau sègle XIX<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, coma èra pas lo fiu ainat de sei parents, eiretèt pas dau títol ducau. Sa maire, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennie_Jerome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennie Jerome (la pagina existís pas)">Jennie Jerome</a> (<a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>-<a href="/wiki/1921" class="mw-redirect" title="1921">1921</a>), èra la filha dau milionari <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Jerome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Jerome (la pagina existís pas)">Leonard Jerome</a> (<a href="/wiki/1817" class="mw-redirect" title="1817">1817</a>-<a href="/wiki/1891" class="mw-redirect" title="1891">1891</a>). Descendenta d'una familha d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiganaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiganaud (la pagina existís pas)">eiganauds</a>, transmetèt un bòn mestritge de la cultura <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> a son fiu<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Winston Churchill anèt a l'escòla a partir de <a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">1881</a>. Delaissat per sei parents qu'èran prés per seis obligacions politicas e mondanas, i obtenguèt de resultats mediòcres. En <a href="/wiki/1888" class="mw-redirect" title="1888">1888</a>, jonhèt l'escòla d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrow_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harrow School (la pagina existís pas)">Harrow</a> en vista de venir <a href="/wiki/Militar" title="Militar">militar</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Passèt just just lo concors d'intrada de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_Reiala_Militara_de_Sandhurst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia Reiala Militara de Sandhurst (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia de Sandhurst</a> en <a href="/wiki/1893" class="mw-redirect" title="1893">1893</a> après doas reviradas e una inscripcion dins una escòla especiala per mielhs preparar leis espròvas<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Carriera_militara_e_correspondent_de_guèrra"><span id="Carriera_militara_e_correspondent_de_gu.C3.A8rra"></span>Carriera militara e correspondent de guèrra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Carriera militara e correspondent de guèrra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Carriera militara e correspondent de guèrra"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg/220px-Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg/330px-Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg/440px-Churchill_1904_Q_42037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de Churchill en <a href="/wiki/1904" class="mw-redirect" title="1904">1904</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_dei_Boers" title="Segonda Guèrra dei Boers">Segonda Guèrra dei Boers</a>.</div> <p>Churchill venguèt <a href="/wiki/Soslu%C3%B2ctenent" title="Sosluòctenent">sosluòctenent</a> dins lo <a href="/wiki/4th_Queen%27s_Own_Hussars" title="4th Queen's Own Hussars">4th Queen's Own Hussars</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> de <a href="/wiki/Cavalari%C3%A1" title="Cavalariá">cavalariá</a>, lo 20 de febrier de <a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, voliá pas seguir una carriera militara classica car preferissiá èsser pròche de l'accion. Demandèt donc rapidament de venir observator militar dins de <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra" title="Guèrra">conflictes</a> exteriors. En <a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>, foguèt ansin mandat dins l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B2r%C3%A7as_armadas_espanh%C3%B2las&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fòrças armadas espanhòlas (la pagina existís pas)">armada espanhòla</a> encargada de reprimir l'insureccion de <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Puei, tornèt jonhér son unitat en <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> onte participèt a d'expedicions còntra de <a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BA_(etnologia)" title="Tribú (etnologia)">tribüs</a> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">afganas</a>. I escriguèt son premier <a href="/wiki/Libre" title="Libre">libre</a>, <i>The Story of the Malakand Fielf Force</i> (« La Guèrra de Malakand »), en <a href="/wiki/1898" class="mw-redirect" title="1898">1898</a>. L'obratge, foguèt ben acuelhit e Churchill recebèt fòrça messatges de felicitacion, comprés de part dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edoard_VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edoard VII (la pagina existís pas)">prince de Galas</a>. Durant aqueu periòde, comencèt de trabalhar coma correspondent de guèrra per de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jornau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jornau (la pagina existís pas)">jornaus</a> britanics. </p><p>Transferit en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> en <a href="/wiki/1898" class="mw-redirect" title="1898">1898</a> au sen dau <a href="/wiki/21st_Lancers" title="21st Lancers">21st Lancers</a>, visitèt lo país e participèt ais operacions còntra l'insureccion madista en <a href="/wiki/Sodan" title="Sodan">Sodan</a>. I foguèt implicat dins la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_d%27%C3%92mdurman" title="Batalha d'Òmdurman">batalha d'Òmdurman</a> e trabalhèt tornarmai coma <a href="/wiki/Correspondent_de_gu%C3%A8rra" title="Correspondent de guèrra">correspondent de guèrra</a>. Aquò li permetèt d'escriure un segond obratge, <i>The River War</i> (« La Guèrra dau Fluvi »), que depintava leis operacions de la reconquista de Sodan per lei <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Britanics</a>. Lei criticas foguèron tornarmai bònas e, en <a href="/wiki/1899" class="mw-redirect" title="1899">1899</a>, Churchill quitèt l'armada per assaiar d'intrar en politica. Pasmens, foguèt batut a una eleccion parciala organizat a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldham (la pagina existís pas)">Oldham</a>. </p><p>Après aquela revirada, venguèt correspondent de guèrra per lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morning_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morning Post (la pagina existís pas)">Morning Post</a></i> e anèt en <a href="/wiki/Sud-Africa" title="Sud-Africa">Sud-Africa</a> per seguir la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_dei_Boers" title="Segonda Guèrra dei Boers">Guèrra dei Boers</a> (<a href="/wiki/1899" class="mw-redirect" title="1899">1899</a>-<a href="/wiki/1902" class="mw-redirect" title="1902">1902</a>). <a href="/wiki/Presonier_de_gu%C3%A8rra" title="Presonier de guèrra">Capturat</a> amb un <a href="/wiki/Tren_blindat" title="Tren blindat">tren blindat</a> dins la region de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladysmith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladysmith (la pagina existís pas)">Ladysmith</a>, capitèt de s'escapar e de rejónher l'armada dau generau Buller<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Son evasion suscitèt l'interès dau public e Churchill aquistèt una gròssa notorietat au sen de la populacion britanica. Puei, tot en demorant <a href="/wiki/Correspondent_de_gu%C3%A8rra" title="Correspondent de guèrra">correspondent de guèrra</a>, recebèt un comandament dins l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B2r%C3%A7as_armadas_britanicas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fòrças armadas britanicas (la pagina existís pas)">armada britanica</a> e se destrièt durant lei batalhas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Spion_Kop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Spion Kop (la pagina existís pas)">Spion Kop</a> (23-24 de genier de <a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>) e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Diamond_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Diamond Hill (la pagina existís pas)">Diamond Hill</a> (11-12 de junh de <a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Publiquèt dos obratges sus aqueleis experiéncias e, aqueu còp, foguèt elegit deputat d'Oldham ais eleccions generalas de <a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'intrada_dins_la_vida_politica_britanica"><span id="L.27intrada_dins_la_vida_politica_britanica"></span>L'intrada dins la vida politica britanica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : L'intrada dins la vida politica britanica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'intrada dins la vida politica britanica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inicialament <a href="/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme">conservator</a>, Churchill se raprochèt rapidament dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Liberau_(Reiaume_Unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Liberau (Reiaume Unit) (la pagina existís pas)">Partit Liberau</a> e venguèt amic amb divèrsei representants de l'ala radicala d'aqueu <a href="/wiki/Partit_politic" title="Partit politic">partit</a> coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd_George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lloyd George (la pagina existís pas)">Lloyd George</a> (<a href="/wiki/1863" class="mw-redirect" title="1863">1863</a>-<a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>). En decembre de <a href="/wiki/1905" class="mw-redirect" title="1905">1905</a>, foguèt nomat sota-secretari d'Estat ai Colonias encargat de <a href="/wiki/Sud-Africa" title="Sud-Africa">Sud-Africa</a> dins lo gabinet <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a>. Aquò marquèt lo començament de sa carriera ministeriala. Pue, elegit deputat liberau de <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> en <a href="/wiki/1906" class="mw-redirect" title="1906">1906</a>, venguèt ministre dau Comèrci en <a href="/wiki/1908" class="mw-redirect" title="1908">1908</a>. </p><p>Durant aquela premiera partida de sa vida politica, se prononcièt en favor d'un programa inspirat per la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democracia_sociala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democracia sociala (la pagina existís pas)">democracia sociala</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemanda</a> : limitacion de la durada dau trabalh jornadier dins lei <a href="/wiki/Mina_(ja%C3%A7)" title="Mina (jaç)">minas</a>, lucha còntra l'esplecha de la man d'òbra <a href="/wiki/Industria" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industriala</a>, lucha còntra lo <a href="/wiki/Caumatge" title="Caumatge">caumatge</a>, aumentacion dei <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%B2st" title="Impòst">taxas</a> per lei classas pus ricas<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="/wiki/1910" class="mw-redirect" title="1910">1910</a>-<a href="/wiki/1911" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a>, vengut ministre de l'Interior, defendiguèt l'òrdre public e participèt personalament a un assaut de la <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia" title="Polícia">polícia</a> còntra un immòble tengut per d'<a href="/wiki/Anarquisme" title="Anarquisme">anarquistas</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1911" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a>, foguèt nomat ministre de l'Amirautat. Persuadit qu'un <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra" title="Guèrra">conflicte</a> èra imminent, prenguèt l'<a href="/wiki/Amirau" title="Amirau">amirau</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fisher_(1%C3%A8r_baron_Fisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fisher (1èr baron Fisher) (la pagina existís pas)">Fisher</a> coma conselhier. Fisher èra lo conceptor dei <a href="/wiki/Cuirassat" title="Cuirassat">cuirassats</a> de tipe <i><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a></i> e prepausèt divèrsei programas de modernizacion. Churchill sostenguèt sei projèctes e accelerèt la construccion d'<a href="/wiki/Naviri_de_gu%C3%A8rra" title="Naviri de guèrra">armaments navaus</a> modèrnes<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Melhorèt tanben la vida deis equipatges. En <a href="/wiki/1914" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a>, èra ansin lèst au començament de la guèrra e ordonèt rapidament la mesa en alèrta de la flòta tre lo 1<sup>èr</sup> d'aost de <a href="/wiki/1914" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_la_Premiera_a_la_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala"><span id="De_la_Premiera_a_la_Segonda_Gu.C3.A8rra_Mondiala"></span>De la Premiera a la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : De la Premiera a la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De la Premiera a la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'expedicion_dei_Dardanèls"><span id="L.27expedicion_dei_Dardan.C3.A8ls"></span>L'expedicion dei Dardanèls</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : L'expedicion dei Dardanèls" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'expedicion dei Dardanèls"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:W_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/W_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg/220px-W_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/W_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg/330px-W_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/W_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg/440px-W_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Plaja dei <a href="/wiki/Dardan%C3%A8ls" title="Dardanèls">Dardanèls</a> quauquei jorns avans l'evacuacion aliada de <a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Batalha_dei_Dardan%C3%A8ls" title="Batalha dei Dardanèls">Batalha dei Dardanèls</a>.</div> <p>Premier lord de l'Amirautat – títol portat per lo ministre de la Marina – Churchill èra partisan d'atacas perifericas còntra leis Empèris Centraus. Après quauquei mes de guèrra, suggeriguèt donc d'organizar una expedicion francobritanica per passar leis Estrechs, ocupar <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>, sortir l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a> dau conflicte e establir una rota de comunicacion vertadiera amb <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Pasmens, mau organizada, l'ofensiva navala foguèt blocada per de <a href="/wiki/Mina_marina" title="Mina marina">minas marinas</a> e un desbarcament de tropas foguèt arrestat per lei Turcs a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_dei_Dardan%C3%A8ls" title="Batalha dei Dardanèls">batalha dei Dardanèls</a> (18 de març de <a href="/wiki/1915" class="mw-redirect" title="1915">1915</a> - 9 de genier de <a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>). Aquela revirada entraïnèt sa demission lo 11 de novembre de <a href="/wiki/1915" class="mw-redirect" title="1915">1915</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Dins aquò, durant aqueu periòde, Churchill trabalhèt sus dos projèctes tecnics importants. Lo premier foguèt la creacion de la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Room_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Room 40 (la pagina existís pas)">Room 40</a></i>, un servici encargat de descriptar lei comunicacions <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemandas</a>. Aguèt un ròtle non negligible dins lei victòrias de la <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">marina britanica</a> deis <a href="/wiki/Batalha_deis_illas_Falkland" title="Batalha deis illas Falkland">Illas Falkland</a> (8 de decembre de <a href="/wiki/1914" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a>) e dau <a href="/wiki/Batalha_dau_Dogger_Bank_(1915)" title="Batalha dau Dogger Bank (1915)">Dogger Bank</a> (24 de genier de <a href="/wiki/1915" class="mw-redirect" title="1915">1915</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo segond foguèt lo desvolopament dei premiers prototipes de <a href="/wiki/Carri_de_combat" title="Carri de combat">carri</a> britanics. Aquò foguèt a l'origina dau tèrme anglosaxon « tank » qu'es utilizat per designar aquelei blindats car, per mantenir lo secrèt, lo projècte recebèt aqueu còdi<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_fin_de_la_guèrra_e_l'oposicion_a_la_revolucion_bolchevica"><span id="La_fin_de_la_gu.C3.A8rra_e_l.27oposicion_a_la_revolucion_bolchevica"></span>La fin de la guèrra e l'oposicion a la revolucion bolchevica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : La fin de la guèrra e l'oposicion a la revolucion bolchevica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La fin de la guèrra e l'oposicion a la revolucion bolchevica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après sa demission, Churchill demandèt un comandament en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e foguèt nomat <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%B2ctenent-coron%C3%A8u" title="Luòctenent-coronèu">luòctenent-coronèu</a> dins un regiment <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">escocés</a>, lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Scots_Fusiliers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Scots Fusiliers (la pagina existís pas)">Royal Scots Fusiliers</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò aviá per objectiu de restaurar sa reputacion dins lo monde politic britanic, mai participèt a de combats vertadiers<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò durèt fins au 16 de mai de <a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>, mai Churchille demorèt en defòra dau govèrn fins au 17 de julhet de <a href="/wiki/1917" class="mw-redirect" title="1917">1917</a> e sa nominacion coma ministre de l'Armament per <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A aqueu pòste, s'assegurèt de l'avitalhament dei tropas. Contunièt tanben de sostenir lo desvolopament e l'utilizacion dei carris de combat. </p><p>Après la guèrra, assaièt de moderar leis exigéncias de <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cl%C3%A9menceau" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Clémenceau">Clémenceau</a> durant lei negociacions dau <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Versalhas" title="Tractat de Versalhas">Tractat de Versalhas</a>. Pasmens, a aquela epòca, s'interessèt mai que mai a la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Russa" title="Revolucion Russa">Revolucion Russa</a>. S'opausèt ai bolchevics e sostenguèt activament leis <a href="/wiki/Armadas_blancas" title="Armadas blancas">armadas blancas</a> durant la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Russa" title="Guèrra Civila Russa">Guèrra Civila Russa</a>. Mai sa posicion èra minoritària au sen dau govèrn e l'activisme antibolchevic de Churchill venguèt pauc a cha pauc geinant per la <a href="/wiki/Diplomacia" title="Diplomacia">diplomacia</a> britanica<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="/wiki/1921" class="mw-redirect" title="1921">1921</a>, foguèt donc nomat secretari d'Estat ai Colonias. Aguèt alora un ròtle important dins lei negociacions destinadas a reglar la question irlandesa. S'ocupèt tanben de l'organizacion dei <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">colonias</a> e de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%B2na_d%27influ%C3%A9ncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zòna d'influéncia (la pagina existís pas)">zòna d'influéncia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> en <a href="/wiki/Orient_Mejan" title="Orient Mejan">Orient Mejan</a> après l'afondrament definitiu de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a>. Per aquò, prenguèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Edward_Lawrence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Edward Lawrence (la pagina existís pas)">Thomas Edward Lawrence</a>, dich Lawrence d'Arabia, coma conselhier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_tornant_conservator">Lo tornant conservator</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo tornant conservator" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo tornant conservator"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg/220px-Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg/330px-Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Tyldesley_miners_outside_the_Miners_Hall_during_the_1926_General_Strike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>Grevistas anglés en <a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1922" class="mw-redirect" title="1922">1922</a>, après la dislocacion de la coalicion <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">governamentala</a> unissent liberaus e conservators, Churchill foguèt largament batut ais eleccions generalas<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Se retirèt durant quauquei mes sus la <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2sta_d%27Azur" title="Còsta d'Azur">Còsta d'Azur</a> per se pausar. Tornarmai batut ais eleccions de <a href="/wiki/1923" class="mw-redirect" title="1923">1923</a>, s'opausèt au raprochament entre lei liberaus e lei trabalhistas. Lo ponch principau de desacòrdi èra la volontat dei trabalhistas d'instaurar de mesuras <a href="/wiki/Proteccionisme" title="Proteccionisme">proteccionistas</a> per assaiar de luchar còntra lo <a href="/wiki/Caumatge" title="Caumatge">caumatge</a>. Quitant lo partit liberau, Churchill foguèt encara batut a una eleccion parciala en <a href="/wiki/1923" class="mw-redirect" title="1923">1923</a> avans de tornar trobar lo Parlament ais eleccions generalas de <a href="/wiki/1924" class="mw-redirect" title="1924">1924</a>. Lo Premier Ministre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Baldwin (la pagina existís pas)">Stanley Baldwin</a> decidèt alora de lo nomar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cancelier_de_l%27Escaquier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cancelier de l'Escaquier (la pagina existís pas)">cancelier de l'Escaquier</a>, en partida per empachar la formacion d'un <a href="/wiki/Partit_politic" title="Partit politic">partit</a> centrista a l'entorn de plusors figuras de la vida politica britanica<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A la fin de <a href="/wiki/1924" class="mw-redirect" title="1924">1924</a>, Churchill s'entornèt oficialament dins lo grop conservator per i demorar fins a la fin de sa carriera politica. Coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cancelier_de_l%27Escaquier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cancelier de l'Escaquier (la pagina existís pas)">cancelier de l'Escaquier</a>, es mai que mai conegut per lo restabliment de l'<a href="/wiki/Escandau_aur" title="Escandau aur">escandau aur</a>, una decision economica catastrofica que menèt a una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%A8va_generala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grèva generala (la pagina existís pas)">grèva generala</a> en <a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. D'efiech, decidida per de rasons politicas<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, aquela mesura entraïnèt una crisi dins l'industria miniera. Churchill luchèt còntra lei grevistas d'un biais determinat e sa paur dau <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunisme</a> lo menèt vèrs de posicions conservatritz fòrça radicalas. Dins lei colonias, refusèt tota liberalizacion de l'òrdre coloniau e, en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>, se raprochèt d'una <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussoliniana</a> considerada coma un <a href="/wiki/Barri_(arquitectura)" title="Barri (arquitectura)">barri</a> eficaç còntra lo comunisme<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Venguèt ansin una figura populara au sen dei mitans <a href="/wiki/Reaccion_(politica)" title="Reaccion (politica)">reaccionaris</a>, mai èra execrat per lei trabalhistas e lei sindicalistas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala"><span id="La_Segonda_Gu.C3.A8rra_Mondiala"></span>La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_nominacion_coma_Premier_Ministre">La nominacion coma Premier Ministre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : La nominacion coma Premier Ministre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La nominacion coma Premier Ministre"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Wc0107-04780r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wc0107-04780r.jpg/220px-Wc0107-04780r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wc0107-04780r.jpg/330px-Wc0107-04780r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wc0107-04780r.jpg/440px-Wc0107-04780r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Churchill amb un casco militar durant la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Batalha d'Anglatèrra">batalha d'Anglatèrra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Durant leis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1930" title="Ans 1930">ans 1930</a>, Churchill foguèt tanben un partisan dau rearmament e dau raprochament amb <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> per contrar la menaça representada per la politica d'<a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. Pasmens, dins un país traumatizat per lei combats de <a href="/wiki/Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Guèrra Mondiala">1914-1918</a>, l'opinion publica britanica preferiguèt escotar lei declaracions rassegurantas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Baldwin (la pagina existís pas)">Stanley Baldwin</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neville_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neville Chamberlain (la pagina existís pas)">Neville Chamberlain</a>. Pasmens, après la signatura deis <a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%B2rdis_de_Munic" title="Acòrdis de Munic">acòrdis de Munic</a> e l'invasion de <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> per la <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i>, leis Anglés comprenguèron pauc a cha pauc la natura dau regim <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">nazi</a>. </p><p>La popularitat de Churchill aumentèt alora a mesura de l'aumentacion de l'agressivitat alemanda. Finalament, lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> declarèron la guèrra lo 3 de setembre de <a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>. Un govèrn de guèrra foguèt format per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neville_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neville Chamberlain (la pagina existís pas)">Chamberlain</a> e Churchill tornèt venir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premier_lord_de_l%27Amirautat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premier lord de l'Amirautat (la pagina existís pas)">Premier lord de l'Amirautat</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dins aquò, en despiech de quauqueis <a href="/wiki/Escaramocha" title="Escaramocha">escaramochas</a>, lo frònt francés demorèt suau. Churchill e la marina britanica foguèron donc lei figuras principalas de la guèrra durant aqueu periòde. En particular, après la destruccion dau cuirassat leugier <i><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Graf_Spee" title="Admiral Graf Spee">Admiral Graf Spee</a></i>, Churchill preconizèt de blocar lo <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt_(marina)" title="Pòrt (marina)">pòrt</a> <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">norvegian</a> de <a href="/wiki/Narvik" title="Narvik">Narvik</a>. Lo refús de Chamberlain de sostenir aqueu projècte menèt a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_alemanda_de_Norv%C3%A8gia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion alemanda de Norvègia (la pagina existís pas)">invasion alemanda de Norvègia</a> e a un vòte de desfiança au Parlament<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_motor_de_la_resisténcia_britanica"><span id="Lo_motor_de_la_resist.C3.A9ncia_britanica"></span>Lo motor de la resisténcia britanica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo motor de la resisténcia britanica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo motor de la resisténcia britanica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après lo refús de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Frederick_Lindley_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Frederick Lindley Wood (la pagina existís pas)">lord Halifax</a>, Churchill foguèt nomat coma Premier Ministre lo 10 de mai de <a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a> per dirigir un govèrn d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_nacionala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union nacionala (la pagina existís pas)">union nacionala</a> dominat per lei trabalhistas e lei conservators. Aquela chausida suscitèt un entosiasme limitat au sen de l'elèit britanic. Pasmens, après l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuacion_de_Dunqu%C3%A8rca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evacuacion de Dunquèrca (la pagina existís pas)">evacuacion de Dunquèrca</a> e la desfacha de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, Churchill capitèt de galvanizar la populacion per resistir a l'ofensiva aeriana de la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luftwaffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luftwaffe (la pagina existís pas)">Luftwaffe</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Batalha_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Batalha d'Anglatèrra">batalha d'Anglatèrra</a>), bastir de defensas costieras e organizar la còntra-ofensiva sus de frònts periferics coma la <a href="/wiki/Frontiera" title="Frontiera">frontiera</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> onte leis <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Italians</a> deguèron demandar una ajuda militara alemanda per tenir sei posicions. <a href="/wiki/Diplomacia" title="Diplomacia">Diplomaticament</a>, se raprochèt deis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a>. Sostenguèt tanben la <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a_Liura" title="França Liura">França Liura</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">generau de Gaulle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_victòria_còntra_l'Aisse"><span id="La_vict.C3.B2ria_c.C3.B2ntra_l.27Aisse"></span>La victòria còntra l'Aisse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : La victòria còntra l'Aisse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La victòria còntra l'Aisse"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Yalta_Conference_1945_Churchill,_Stalin,_Roosevelt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yalta_Conference_1945_Churchill%2C_Stalin%2C_Roosevelt.jpg/220px-Yalta_Conference_1945_Churchill%2C_Stalin%2C_Roosevelt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yalta_Conference_1945_Churchill%2C_Stalin%2C_Roosevelt.jpg/330px-Yalta_Conference_1945_Churchill%2C_Stalin%2C_Roosevelt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yalta_Conference_1945_Churchill%2C_Stalin%2C_Roosevelt.jpg/440px-Yalta_Conference_1945_Churchill%2C_Stalin%2C_Roosevelt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7474" data-file-height="5923" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de Churchill, de <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Estalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Estalin">Estalin</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confer%C3%A9ncia_de_Ialta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conferéncia de Ialta (la pagina existís pas)">conferéncia de Ialta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Churchill sostenguèt l'adopcion d'una estrategia periferica. Per aquò, voliá atacar dins lo <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">bacin mediterranèu</a> e dins lei <a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">Balcans</a> qu'èran de ponchs febles de l'Aisse. Capitèt ansin d'obtenir una importanta ajuda <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenca</a> per atacar lei Germanoitalians en <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. Aquò menèt a la conquista de <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> après la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27El_Alamein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d'El Alamein (la pagina existís pas)">batalha d'El Alamein</a>, ai desbarcaments aliats d'<a href="/wiki/Africa_dau_N%C3%B2rd" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa dau Nòrd">Africa dau Nòrd</a> e au mandadís de materiaus militars a la guerilha <a href="/wiki/Iogoslavia" title="Iogoslavia">iogoslava</a> de <a href="/wiki/Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito">Tito</a>. Puei, en <a href="/wiki/1943" class="mw-redirect" title="1943">1943</a>, lei desbarcaments en <a href="/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Sicília">Sicília</a> e dins lo sud d'<a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> entraïnèron la casuda dau regim de <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a>. En parallèl, Churchill realizèt plusors viatges per renforçar lei relacions amb leis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Union Sovietica</a>. </p><p>Pasmens, en causa dau blocatge deis armadas aliadas en <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>, deguèt pauc a cha pauc tenir còmpte de l'influéncia de <a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a> sus la conducha de la guèrra e acceptar la dubertura d'un frònt en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. Aquò se debanèt lo 6 de junh de <a href="/wiki/1944" class="mw-redirect" title="1944">1944</a> a l'eissida dau <a href="/wiki/Desbarcament_de_Normandia" title="Desbarcament de Normandia">desbarcament de Normandia</a>. Leis armadas dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> e dau <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth" title="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a> participèron a la liberacion de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">Belgica</a> e dei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a> avans d'intrar en <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>. Pendent aqueu periòde, Churchill sostenguèt lo generau de Gaulle e aguèt un ròtle major dins l'integracion de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> au sen dei « Cinc Grands » de l'òrdre internacionau definit ai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confer%C3%A9ncia_de_Ialta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conferéncia de Ialta (la pagina existís pas)">conferéncias de Ialta</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Confer%C3%A9ncia_de_Postdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Conferéncia de Postdam">Postdam</a>. En mai dei liames culturaus entre Churchill e <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, aquò èra destinat a trobar un sostèn per <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> dins un monde onte leis empèris <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">coloniaus</a> èran mai e mai contestats. Pasmens, Churchill se preocupèt gaire de l'economia e preferiguèt laissar la gestion deis afaires financiers a <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ansin, a la guèrra, l'otís industriau britanic èra vièlh e gausit. Dins lo corrent de l'après-guèrra, aguèt de dificultats en fàcia d'usinas francesas e alemandas nòvas e modèrnas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'après-guèrra"><span id="L.27apr.C3.A8s-gu.C3.A8rra"></span>L'après-guèrra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : L'après-guèrra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'après-guèrra"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_desfacha_electorala_de_1945">La desfacha electorala de 1945</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : La desfacha electorala de 1945" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La desfacha electorala de 1945"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La coalicion governamentala britanica constituïda en <a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a> se desagreguèt en mai de <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>. Leis eleccions generalas foguèron un succès major per lei trabalhistas que ganhèron 393 sètis còntra 197 per lei conservators<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Churchill, batut, deguèt demissionar e foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clement_Attlee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clement Attlee (la pagina existís pas)">Clement Attlee</a>. Plusors factors explican aquela desfacha suspresa : la desirança de reformas au sen de la populacion, l'imatge de « senhor de guèrra » de Churchill qu'èra pas considerat coma un cap politic capable de gerir lo país durant un periòde de <a href="/wiki/Patz" title="Patz">patz</a> e divèrseis errors de Churchill eu meteis durant la campanha (insultas còntra de trabalhistas, discors anticomunistas virulents, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_començament_de_la_Guèrra_Freja_e_lei_darriers_mandats"><span id="Lo_comen.C3.A7ament_de_la_Gu.C3.A8rra_Freja_e_lei_darriers_mandats"></span>Lo començament de la Guèrra Freja e lei darriers mandats</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo començament de la Guèrra Freja e lei darriers mandats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo començament de la Guèrra Freja e lei darriers mandats"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Churchillwithsonandgrandson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Churchillwithsonandgrandson.jpg/220px-Churchillwithsonandgrandson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Churchillwithsonandgrandson.jpg/330px-Churchillwithsonandgrandson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Churchillwithsonandgrandson.jpg/440px-Churchillwithsonandgrandson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="2373" /></a><figcaption>Churchill vestit de son unifòrme d'aparat après son anobliment.</figcaption></figure> <p>Durant lo rèsta deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1940" title="Ans 1940">ans 1940</a>, Churchill dirigiguèt l'oposicion conservatritz e s'engatjèt còntra lo comunisme. En particular, lo 5 de març de <a href="/wiki/1946" class="mw-redirect" title="1946">1946</a> en preséncia dau president estatsunidenc <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a>, prononcièt un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discors_de_Fulton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discors de Fulton (la pagina existís pas)">discors dins la vila de Fulton</a>. Denonciant l'expansionisme <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">sovietic</a> dins lo monde e la mesa en plaça dau <a href="/wiki/Rid%C3%A8u_de_f%C3%A8rre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridèu de fèrre">ridèu de fèrre</a> en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>, es considerat coma una etapa importanta dins l'entraïnament de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a>. Sostenguèt egalament lei projèctes d'union entre país europèus e la mesa en plaça d'una aliança angloestatsunidenca permanenta per contenir lei Sovietics. Condamnèt tanben l'independéncia acordada a <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>. En revènge, en despiech de son ròtle de cap oficiau de l'oposicion, participèt pauc ai debats politics intèrnes dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>. </p><p>Aquela estrategia foncionèt e lei trabalhistas perdiguèron la majoritat ais eleccions de <a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a>. Churchill tornèt venir Premier Ministre e formèt un govèrn dominat per l'ala <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberala</a> dau partit conservator. Amb de personalitats coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Austen_Butler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Austen Butler (la pagina existís pas)">Richard Austen Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a>, menèt una politica d'assopliment dau dirigisme trabalhista, de renforçament de l'aliança amb <a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a> e de defensa de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic" title="Empèri Britanic">Empèri</a>. Churchill mandèt ansin de tropas en <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> per reprimir l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insureccion_Mau_Mau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insureccion Mau Mau (la pagina existís pas)">insureccion Mau Mau</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e en <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A0isia" title="Malàisia">Malàisia</a> per combatre una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insureccion_comunista_malaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insureccion comunista malaia (la pagina existís pas)">insureccion comunista</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A partir de <a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a>, la santat de Churchill venguèt marrida. Anoblit lo 24 d'abriu de <a href="/wiki/1953" class="mw-redirect" title="1953">1953</a> per la rèina <a href="/wiki/Elisab%C3%A8t_II_del_Reialme_Unit" title="Elisabèt II del Reialme Unit">Elisabèt II</a>, foguèt victima d'un <a href="/wiki/Accident_vascular_cerebrau" class="mw-redirect" title="Accident vascular cerebrau">accident vascular cerebrau</a> en junh. Afeblit, capitèt de se restablir per tornar prendre sa plaça dins la vida politica britanica en octòbre. Pasmens, deguèt acceptar d'alentir seis activitats. Finalament, abandonèt la direccion dau govèrn lo 6 d'abriu de <a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a>. Demorèt parlamentari fins a <a href="/wiki/1964" class="mw-redirect" title="1964">1964</a>, mai limitèt desenant seis intervencions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_retirada_e_la_mòrt"><span id="La_retirada_e_la_m.C3.B2rt"></span>La retirada e la mòrt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : La retirada e la mòrt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La retirada e la mòrt"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/220px-Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/330px-Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/440px-Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Tren" title="Tren">tren</a> funerari de Churchill.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo periòde <a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a>-<a href="/wiki/1965" class="mw-redirect" title="1965">1965</a> es considerat coma la retirada de Churchill. Passèt la màger part d'aqueleis annadas dins son ostau de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chartwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chartwell (la pagina existís pas)">Chartwell</a>, dins son apartament londonenc ò en <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">Occitània</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Prèmi Nobel de Literatura">Prèmi Nobel de Literatura</a> en <a href="/wiki/1953" class="mw-redirect" title="1953">1953</a>, contunièt d'escriure sei memòrias e se consacrèt a de trabalhs istorics. Foguèt tanben pus frequentament tocat per la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depression_(malauti%C3%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depression (malautiá) (la pagina existís pas)">depression</a>. Moriguèt finalament lo 24 de genier de <a href="/wiki/1965" class="mw-redirect" title="1965">1965</a> en causa dau segond accident vascular cerebrau. Un decrèt de la rèina ordonèt l'organizacion de funeralhas nacionalas. Son ataüt foguèt expausat tres jorns au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westminster Hall (la pagina existís pas)">Westminster Hall</a> per recebre l'omenatge de la populacion. Puei, a l'eissida d'un important cortegi militar organizat per lei fòrças terrèstras, navalas e aerianas dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>, foguèt enterrat dins lo <a href="/wiki/Cement%C3%A8ri" title="Cementèri">cementèri</a> de la glèisa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bladon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bladon (la pagina existís pas)">Bladon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèxas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batalha_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Batalha d'Anglatèrra">Batalha d'Anglatèrra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batalha_dei_Dardan%C3%A8ls" title="Batalha dei Dardanèls">Batalha dei Dardanèls</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme">Conservatisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic" title="Empèri Britanic">Empèri Britanic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_dei_Boers" title="Segonda Guèrra dei Boers">Segonda Guèrra dei Boers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> François Bédarida, <i>Churchill</i>, París, Fayard, 1999, 571 p.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Carlo D'Este, <i>Warlord : a life of Winston Churchill at war, 1874-1945</i>, Nòva York, Harper, 2008, 864 p.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, 1020 p.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> François Kersaudy, <i>Winston Churchill : Le pouvoir de l'imagination</i>, París, Tallandier, 2015.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>Rêves de gloire : 1874-1932</i>, París, Éditions Robert Laffont, 1985.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>L'Épreuve de la solitude : 1932-1940</i>, París, Éditions Robert Laffont, 1990.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Max Schiavon, <i>Le Front d’Orient. Du désastre des Dardanelles à la victoire finale 1915-1918</i>, Tallandier, 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Antoine Capet, <i>Churchill : Le dictionnaire</i>, París, Perrin, 2018, pp. 26-27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Antoine Capet, <i>Churchill : Le dictionnaire</i>, París, Perrin, 2018, pp. 27-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> François Bédarida, <i>Churchill</i>, París, Fayard, 1999, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, pp. 20-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, pp. 21-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Bernard Michal e Pierre Guillemot, <i>Churchill le dernier Victorien</i>, Genèva, 1974, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, pp. 61-62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, pp. 62-64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, pp. 157-166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> François Bédarida, <i>Churchill</i>, París, Fayard, 1999, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Robert K. Massie, <i>Castles of Steel : Britain, Germany and the winning of the Great War at sea</i>, Londres, Vintage Random House, 2007, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>Rêves de gloire : 1874-1932</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1985, p. 394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>Rêves de gloire : 1874-1932</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1985, p. 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> François Bédarida, <i>Churchill</i>, París, Fayard, 1999, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La necessitat de mantenir lo secrèt èra mai que mai intèrna car Churchill, coma ministre de la Marina, aviá normalament pas lo drech d'acordar de fons per desvolopar una arma destinada ai fòrças terrèstras. D'efiech, a la descubèrta dau projècte, foguèt brèvament atacat per destornament de fons per quauqueis adversaris.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, pp. 301-302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>Rêves de gloire : 1874-1932</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1985, p. 508.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>Rêves de gloire : 1874-1932</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1985, p. 568.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>Rêves de gloire : 1874-1932</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1985, p. 612.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D'efiech, a aquela epòca, Churchill, Lloyd George e F. E. Smith, tres orators de tria, aurián poscut fondar un movement situat entre lei liberaus e lei conservators.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, p. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lei trabalhistas èran tanben favorables a una mesura vista coma un retorn a la normala de l'avans guèrra.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Philippe Foro, <i>L'Italie fasciste</i>, Armand Colin, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>Rêves de gloire : 1874-1932</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1985, p. 666.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>L'épreuve de la solitude : 1932-1940</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1990, pp. 476-477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> William Manchester, <i>L'épreuve de la solitude : 1932-1940</i>, París, Robert Laffont, 1990, p. 558</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Robert Skidelsky, <i>Fighting for Britain</i>, Macmillan, 2000, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> François Kersaudy, <i>Winston Churchill : le pouvoir de l'imagination</i>, 2011, p. 578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> François Kersaudy, <i>Winston Churchill : le pouvoir de l'imagination</i>, 2011, pp. 575-576.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Roy Jenkins, <i>Churchill A Biography</i>, París, Pan Books, coll. « New Ed », 2002, pp. 843-861.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Richard Stubbs, <i>Hearts and Minds in Guerilla Warfare : The Malayan Emergency 1948–1960</i>, Nòva York, Eastern University, 2001, 300 p.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="2" border="0" style="border: 1px solid #999; white-space: nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <td width="30%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffe0c0">Precedit per<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neville_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neville Chamberlain (la pagina existís pas)">Neville Chamberlain</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1937" class="mw-redirect" title="1937">1937</a> a <a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a>)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clement_Attlee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clement Attlee (la pagina existís pas)">Clement Attlee</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> a <a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a>)</b> </td> <td width="40%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_dels_primi%C3%A8rs_ministres_del_Reiaume_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista dels primièrs ministres del Reiaume Unit (la pagina existís pas)">Primièr ministre del Reialme Unit</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a> a <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a> a <a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a><br /> </td> <td width="30%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffe0c0">Seguit per<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clement_Attlee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clement Attlee (la pagina existís pas)">Clement Attlee</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> a <a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a> a <a href="/wiki/1957" class="mw-redirect" title="1957">1957</a>)</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br style="clear: both;" /> </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%">Precedit de :<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" class="mw-redirect" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Prèmi Nobel de Literatura">Prèmi Nobel de Literatura</a></b><br />1953 </td> <td width="30%">Seguit de :<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br style="clear: both;" /> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" data-autocollapse-group="paleta" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Modèl:Paleta Prèmi Nobel de Literatura"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%">Laureats del <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Prèmi Nobel de Literatura"><span style="background-color: #4C6099; color: white;">Prèmi Nobel</span></a> de <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura"><span style="background-color: #4C6099; color: white;">Literatura</span></a></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center; background:#f7f8ff" colspan="2">- <p><b>19</b>01: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Prudhomme</a> 02: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Matthias_Theodor_Mommsen" title="Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a> 03: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnson</a> 04: <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">F. Mistral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">Echegaray</a> 05: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Sienkiewicz</a> 06: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Carducci</a> 07: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Kipling</a> 08: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Eucken</a> 09: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Lagerlöf</a> 10: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Heyse</a> 11: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a> 12: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a> 13: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore</a> 15: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Rolland</a> 16: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Heidenstam</a> 17: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Gjellerup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Pontoppidan</a> 19: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Georg_Spitteler" title="Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler">Spitteler</a> 20: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a> 21: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">France</a> 22: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Benavente</a> 23: <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" title="William Butler Yeats">Yeats</a> 24: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Reymont</a> 25: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a> 26: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Deledda</a> 27: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a> 28: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Undset</a> 29: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a> 30: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Lewis</a> 31: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Karlfeldt</a> 32: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">Galsworthy</a> 33: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Alekseievich_Bunin" title="Ivan Alekseievich Bunin">Bunin</a> 34: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a> 36: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a> 37: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Martin du Gard</a> 38: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Buck</a> 39: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Sillanpää</a> 44: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen" title="Johannes Vilhelm Jensen">Jensen</a> 45: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">G. Mistral</a> 46: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a> 47: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a> 48: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a> 49: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a> 50: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a> 51: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Lagerkvist</a> 52: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" class="mw-redirect" title="François Mauriac">Mauriac</a> 53: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Churchill</a> 54: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a> 55: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Laxness</a> 56: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Jiménez</a> 57: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a> 58: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Pasternak</a> 59: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Quasimodo</a> 60: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Perse</a> 61: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Andrić</a> 62: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">Steinbeck</a> 63: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a> 64: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a> 65: <a href="/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Aleksandrovich_Sholokhov" title="Mikhaïl Aleksandrovich Sholokhov">Sholokhov</a> 66: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Agnon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Sachs</a> 67: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Asturias</a> 68: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Kawabata</a> 69: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a> 70: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitzyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitzyn">Solzhenitzyn</a> 71: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Neruda</a> 72: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Böll</a> 73: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">White</a> 74: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Martinson</a> 75: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Montale</a> 76: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a> 77: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Aleixandre</a> 78: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Singer</a> 79: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a> 80: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Miłosz</a> 81: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Canetti</a> 82: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">García Márquez</a> 83: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">Golding</a> 84: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Seifert</a> 85: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Simon</a> 86: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Soyinka</a> 87: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Brodsky</a> 88: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Mahfouz</a> 89: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Cela</a> 90: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Paz</a> 91: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Gordimer</a> 92: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Walcott</a> 93: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Morrison</a> 94: <a href="/wiki/Kenzaburo_Oe" title="Kenzaburo Oe">Oe</a> 95: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Heaney</a> 96: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Szymborska</a> 97: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Fo</a> 98: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">Saramago</a> 99: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Grass</a> <br /> </p> <b>20</b>00: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao</a> 01: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">Naipaul</a> 02: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Kertész</a> 03: <a href="/wiki/John_Maxwell_Coetzee" title="John Maxwell Coetzee">Coetzee</a> 04: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Jelinek</a> 05: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Pinter</a> 06: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Pamuk</a> 07: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Lessing</a> 08: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gustave_Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio">Le Clézio</a> 09: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Müller</a> 10: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Vargas Llosa</a> 11: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tranströmer</a> 12: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo</a> 13: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Munro</a> 14: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Modiano</a> 15: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" class="mw-redirect" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Alexievich</a> 16: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Dylan</a> 17: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazuo_Ishiguro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazuo Ishiguro (la pagina existís pas)">Ishiguro</a> 18: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olga_Tokarczuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olga Tokarczuk (la pagina existís pas)">Tokarczuk</a> 19: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Handke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Handke (la pagina existís pas)">Handke</a> 20: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_Gl%C3%BCck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise Glück (la pagina existís pas)">Glück</a> 21: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulrazak_Gurnah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah (la pagina existís pas)">Gurnah</a> 22: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Ernaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annie Ernaux (la pagina existís pas)">Ernaux</a> 23: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Fosse</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&oldid=2448712">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&oldid=2448712</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Naissen%C3%A7a_al_Reialme_Unit" title="Categoria:Naissença al Reialme Unit">Naissença al Reialme Unit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Naissen%C3%A7a_en_1874" title="Categoria:Naissença en 1874">Naissença en 1874</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Dec%C3%A8s_en_1965" title="Categoria:Decès en 1965">Decès en 1965</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Cap_d%27Estat_o_de_gov%C3%A8rn_de_la_Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Categoria:Cap d'Estat o de govèrn de la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Cap d'Estat o de govèrn de la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Cavali%C3%A8r_de_la_Cambaliga" title="Categoria:Cavalièr de la Cambaliga">Cavalièr de la Cambaliga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Companh_de_la_Liberacion" title="Categoria:Companh de la Liberacion">Companh de la Liberacion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Escrivan_britanic" title="Categoria:Escrivan britanic">Escrivan britanic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Escrivan_de_lenga_anglesa" title="Categoria:Escrivan de lenga anglesa">Escrivan de lenga anglesa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Francma%C3%A7on" title="Categoria:Francmaçon">Francmaçon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Istorian_britanic" title="Categoria:Istorian britanic">Istorian britanic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Laureat_del_Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Categoria:Laureat del Prèmi Nobel de Literatura">Laureat del Prèmi Nobel de Literatura</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Personalitat_protestanta" title="Categoria:Personalitat protestanta">Personalitat protestanta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pintre" title="Categoria:Pintre">Pintre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_britanic" title="Categoria:Prèmi Nobel britanic">Prèmi Nobel britanic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Primi%C3%A8r_ministre_del_Reialme_Unit" title="Categoria:Primièr ministre del Reialme Unit">Primièr ministre del Reialme Unit</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 12 setembre de 2024 a 16.49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. Vejatz las <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condicions d’utilizacion</a> per mai de detalhs, e mai los credits grafics.<br /> Wikipedia® es una marca depausada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organizacion de benfasença regida pel paragraf 501(c)(3) del còde fiscal dels Estats Units.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politica de confidencialitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Avertiments_generals">Avertiments</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Còdi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desvolopaires</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/oc.wikipedia.org">Estatisticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaracion suls cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winston_Churchill&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Afichatge mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-g84kv","wgBackendResponseTime":189,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.332","walltime":"0.434","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7391,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":34970,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12800,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":13681,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 295.158 1 -total"," 68.10% 201.012 1 Modèl:Infobox_Politician"," 33.45% 98.744 16 Modèl:Infobox_Politician/Foncion"," 16.77% 49.485 561 Modèl:Infobox/Linha_mixta_opcionala"," 14.09% 41.582 1 Modèl:Infobox/Títol"," 9.48% 27.986 5 Modèl:Dièsi_color_web"," 8.52% 25.162 1 Modèl:Prèmi_Nobel_de_Literatura"," 6.71% 19.800 1 Modèl:Metapaleta_de_navigacion"," 4.89% 14.423 1 Modèl:Infobox/Notícia"," 3.93% 11.606 3 Modèl:Veire"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.007","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":826900,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7f58d5dcf5-qnxdd","timestamp":"20241109101006","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Winston Churchill","url":"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8016","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8016","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-24T23:21:34Z","dateModified":"2024-09-12T16:49:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bc\/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>