CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Leonīds Breikšs - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"57004436-f6ca-47a2-91eb-2c5f0ba9c08c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Leonīds_Breikšs","wgTitle":"Leonīds Breikšs","wgCurRevisionId":1182664669,"wgRevisionId":1182664669,"wgArticleId":41650895,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2021","Pages using infobox person with multiple criminal charges","Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses","Articles with hCards","1908 births","1942 deaths","People from Moscow Oblast","People from Volokolamsky Uyezd","Latvian Lutherans","Latvian expatriates in Russia","Latvian journalists","20th-century Latvian poets","20th-century journalists", "20th-century Lutherans","Latvian military personnel","Latvian people of World War II","People who died in the Gulag","Latvian people who died in Soviet detention"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Leonīds_Breikšs","wgRelevantArticleId":41650895,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish" :true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15996215","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Leonīds Breikšs - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Leonīds_Breikšs rootpage-Leonīds_Breikšs skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Leon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Leon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Leon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Leon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writer_and_journalist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writer_and_journalist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Writer and journalist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writer_and_journalist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>National service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle World War II subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Arrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detention_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detention_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Detention and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detention_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_war_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_war_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Post war and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_war_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leonīds Breikšs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" title="Leonīds Breikšs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leonīds Breikšs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" title="Leonīds Breikšs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Leonīds Breikšs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="ليونيدس بريكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليونيدس بريكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Брейкшс, Леонид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брейкшс, Леонид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15996215#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&oldid=1182664669" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&id=1182664669&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLeon%25C4%25ABds_Breik%25C5%25A1s"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLeon%25C4%25ABds_Breik%25C5%25A1s"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15996215" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Latvian poet, journalist, patriot</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Leonīds Breikšs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1908-04-08</span>)</span>8 April 1908<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Shakhovskoy_District" title="Shakhovskoy District">Yelizarovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volokolamsky_Uyezd" title="Volokolamsky Uyezd">Volokolamsky Uyezd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Governorate" title="Moscow Governorate">Moscow Governorate</a>, Russia<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 September 1942<span style="display:none">(1942-09-30)</span> (aged 34) <small>(Unconfirmed)</small><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> gulag, Russia, Soviet Union<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian people">Latvia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">University of Latvia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">Poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1921–1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data">"Latvian's creed", "Prayer", "Sacred Legacy"<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charge(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Anti-state activity, Article 58</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hard_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard labour">Hard labour</a> <small>(1941–1942)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Anna <small>(née Bildere, b. 1918, Riga) (25 May 1940 – his death)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Leonīds Breikšs</b> (8 April 1908 – 30 September 1942) was a noted Latvian <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> and nationalist.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Latvian-based country style sits with contemporaries including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandrs_Pel%C4%93cis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandrs Pelēcis (page does not exist)">Aleksandrs Pelēcis</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Medenis" title="Jānis Medenis">Jānis Medenis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gun%C4%81rs_Freimanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunārs Freimanis (page does not exist)">Gunārs Freimanis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bro%C5%86islava_Martu%C5%BEeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broņislava Martuževa (page does not exist)">Broņislava Martuževa</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anda_L%C4%ABce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anda Līce (page does not exist)">Anda Līce</a>, who all suffered the terror of <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote the noted poems "Latvian's creed", "Prayer", and "Sacred Legacy", which became a noted nationalist song with music by Janis Norvilis.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having numerous poetry and political publications in his name in the 1930s, his third and last poetry collection was published after his death in a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">gulag</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> in September 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-HolLat_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HolLat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leonīds Breikšs was born on 8 April 1908, the second of five children born to Pēteris and his wife Amalija.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The youngest four children were all born in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, as Pēteris then was the steward of Prince <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexei_Golytzin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexei Golytzin (page does not exist)">Alexei Golytzin</a>'s manor in <a href="/wiki/Shakhovskoy_District" title="Shakhovskoy District">Yelizarovo</a>, then in Ploskovskaya Volost of <a href="/wiki/Volokolamsky_Uyezd" title="Volokolamsky Uyezd">Volokolamsky Uyezd</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Governorate" title="Moscow Governorate">Moscow Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pēteris and his wife were originally from <a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABti%C5%86i_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Vītiņi parish">Vītiņi parish</a>, Latvia, where he had inherited his father Janis's house. Although the children were educated in Russian, at home their parents gave them a Latvian-based upbringing. The family were <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, but the nearest church was in Moscow, some 150 kilometres (93 mi) away. So the family regularly attended the local <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Old-Rite_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church">Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church</a>, and for each of the three younger children born while in residence on his estate, Prince Golytzin paid for a Lutheran minister to make the journey from Moscow to <a href="/wiki/Baptise" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptise">baptise</a> them.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In summer 1913, during a local peasant uprising, the neighbouring manor was destroyed. After Pēteris had ejected rioters from Prince Golytzin's manor, he sent his family to Moscow for safety. But during this time, those who did not speak the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> were considered <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a>, and so Pēteris waved good bye to his family as they departed on a train for <a href="/wiki/Vecpiebalga" title="Vecpiebalga">Vecpiebalga</a> to live with his relatives, travelling via <a href="/wiki/Koknese" title="Koknese">Koknese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aged 5, like his father, Breikšs attended the local school, and also fished the local <a href="/wiki/Ogre_(river)" title="Ogre (river)">Ogre</a> river. The family often visited his mothers parents in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakalnie%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakalnieši (page does not exist)">Pakalnieši</a>, who were part of the local <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hernhutian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hernhutian (page does not exist)">Hernhutian</a> movement. From the 18th century onwards, and during the later-half of the 19th century, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piebalga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piebalga (page does not exist)">Piebalga</a> district where the family now lived was home to many early Latvian nationalists, including the former house of linguist <a href="/wiki/Atis_Kronvalds" title="Atis Kronvalds">Atis Kronvalds</a> and a monument to his acts of patriotism. The family also visited the home of local teacher and writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mat%C4%ABss_Kaudz%C4%ABte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matīss Kaudzīte (page does not exist)">Matīss Kaudzīte</a>, to whom the children would read <a href="/wiki/Pushkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushkin">Pushkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By Autumn 1913, Pēteris Breikšs had found employment as the manager's assistant in a textile factory in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serpuhovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serpuhovo (page does not exist)">Serpuhovo</a>, so the family returned to Russia. They arrived in the middle of a <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_fever" title="Scarlet fever">scarlet fever</a> epidemic, in which the eldest sister died. After the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Pēteris decided to move back to Moscow to keep his family safe, gaining the position as manager of the French manufacturer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girot (page does not exist)">Girot</a>'s silk factory. On 8 September 1915, youngest sister Tamara Anna was born, who after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> brought Breikšs' poetry to the attention of the Latvian community in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. During the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>, and following the abdication of <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Nikolai_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Nikolai II">Tsar Nikolai II</a>, food and fuel were in short supply under the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>. Being now close to the post-revolutionary cauldron in Moscow, Pēteris moved the family again to a <a href="/wiki/Sovkhoz" title="Sovkhoz">state-farm (sovkhoz)</a> close to <a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the end of World War I, the country of Latvia declared independence on 18 November 1918, which started the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After agreement of a truce on 1 February 1920, Russia and Latvia signed a peace treaty on 11 August, formally recognised by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> on 26 January 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of his younger sister (third child), the Breikšs family received a permit to leave Russia on 3 October 1920. Departing Moscow in a lorry convey in December 1920, the family of five leave Russia with only that which they can carry, travelling first to <a href="/wiki/Zilupe" title="Zilupe">Zilupe</a> and then catching a train to <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_writing">Early writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having been raised speaking Latvian, and mainly educated in the Russian language, as well as the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a>, 12-year-old Leonīds Breikšs found it hard to fully understand the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic language">Slavic language</a> letters.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Educated privately at the Lutheran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marija_Millere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marija Millere (page does not exist)">Marija Millere</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a>, the family also attended the local Lutheran church, which had an <a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpiece</a> titled "Jesus blessing children" by <a href="/wiki/Janis_Rozent%C4%81ls" title="Janis Rozentāls">Janis Rozentāls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Looking to express his isolation of living in his homeland while not being able to speak its language, Breikšs starts to write expressively in Russian aged 13. Moving quickly to Latvian, his early writings are sorrowful expressions for his lost sisters, using the metaphor of lost birds trying to make their way home.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning to develop his style, he writes of religious-based principles of the wrongdoings to other people, as well as reflectively about the summer that he spent in Vitini. This also led to his writing of Latvian patriotism, expressed through both the history of Piebalga district and its early heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After trusting his mother and reading her some of his poetry, she sought the advice of theology professor Voldemars Maldonis of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">University of Latvia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aged 13, Breikšs won his first prize for poetry from youth magazine <i>Cirulitis</i> (<i>Little Lark</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year newspaper <i>Kurzemnieks</i> published his poem "On Christmas eve", published under his <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> of <b>Sirijs</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 April 1924, his poem "I want to sing a song once" was published in newspaper <i>Jaunatnes dzive</i> (<i>Life of Youth</i>), later claimed to be his first commissioned publication.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Continuing his studies at Riga State Grammar school No. 1, his fellow students include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnolds_L%C5%ABsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnolds Lūsis (page does not exist)">Arnolds Lūsis</a>, latterly the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a> of the Latvian Evangelical Lutheran church, who was exiled from 1966. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandrs_Dauge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandrs Dauge (page does not exist)">Aleksandrs Dauge</a>, editor of magazine <i>Latvju Jaunatne</i> (<i>Latvian Youth</i>), began to feature his poems. Dauge also acts as a mentor, encouraging Leonids to develop his poetry using the natural wildlife and geography of Latvia to express his poetry. Breikšs returned the compliment by featuring Dauge in his poetry during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating in 1927 from the grammar school, with his father in a secure well-paying position with <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Railways" title="Latvian Railways">Latvian Railways</a>, in 1928 having spent the year writing, Breikšs enrolled on a legal course at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">University of Latvia</a>. The following year he joined the student fraternity Fraternitas Latviensis, which helps develop his two loves: poetry, through its reading evenings; and politics, in which he starts writing on in published articles by criticising the speeches of the Latvia politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 January 1929, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Valdmanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Valdmanis (page does not exist)">Alfred Valdmanis</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilona_Leimane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilona Leimane (page does not exist)">Ilona Leimane</a>, Breikšs joined the Council of the Academic section of the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Latvia)" title="National Union (Latvia)">National Union</a>, a right-wing nationalist party with strong antisemitic views, led by <a href="/wiki/Arveds_Bergs" title="Arveds Bergs">Arveds Bergs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of his <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Whitsunday</a> of 1928 (an experience to which he would return many times in his poetry), his parents had by this time moved to a farm in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Kurzeme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Kurzeme (page does not exist)">Lower Kurzeme</a> near <a href="/wiki/Auce" title="Auce">Auce</a>, situated next to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Kreklini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Kreklini (page does not exist)">Lake Kreklini</a>, an extension of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Ezerupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Ezerupe (page does not exist)">Lake Ezerupe</a>. It was from his time on the farm, walking through and picking apples from the orchard, that he wrote the poem "My motherland".<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writer_and_journalist">Writer and journalist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Writer and journalist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Encouraged by Bergs, Breikšs left university having not graduated and was employed on the editorial board of newspaper <i>Latvis</i>. His poetry was encouraged by both his employer and Bergs, a lawyer turned right-wing politician who worked in the press section of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, later shot in December 1941 in <a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a> prison.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1931, aged 23, <a href="/wiki/Valters_un_Rapa" title="Valters un Rapa">Valters un Rapa</a> <a href="/wiki/Publishing_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Publishing house">publishing house</a> publishes Leonids's first poetry collection <i>Reverberant waters</i>. This is a collection of the best of all of his poetry so far created.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1931, Leonīds Breikšs had joined the right-wing and antisemitic political party <a href="/wiki/Perkonkrusts" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkonkrusts">Perkonkrusts</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Gustavs_Celmi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Gustavs Celmiņš">Gustavs Celmiņš</a>. He left the party very publicly in 1933 in an article published in <i>Latvis</i>. After this he became highly critical of the <a href="/wiki/Saeima" title="Saeima">Saeima</a>, writing the article "Their time has arrived!" ("Vinu laiks ir klat!"), published by <i>Universitas</i> magazine just before the President dissolved the Saeima and outlawed Perkonkrusts in May 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Leoinds and the publisher were unsuccessfully sued by the public prosecutors office, in the political aftermath of the parliaments dissolution.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this he tempered his political articles, but believed in President <a href="/wiki/Karlis_Ulmanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlis Ulmanis">Karlis Ulmanis</a>, who would later quote Leonids in various speeches.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, his semi-autobiographic novel <i>Will-o'-the-wisp</i> was published, which covers his student life and early experiences of journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then gathers this short stories together in the publication <i>My dream land</i>, published by Gulbis in 1935, the same year in which his second collection of poems <i>Our family</i> was published, dedicated to his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sections from this collection were read at the dedication ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Monument" title="Freedom Monument">Freedom Monument</a> in 1934, which commemorates the Latvian War of Independence.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1934 Breikšs was working in the Writing and Books section of the Ministry of Social Affairs, under painter and historian <a href="/wiki/Ernests_Brasti%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Ernests Brastiņš">Ernests Brastiņš</a>, founder of the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Dievturi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dievturi">Dievturi</a> congregation. During this time he wrote the poems "Christ" and "Prayer", in which he asks God for strength and resilience against evil.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still wanting to be a <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a>, but with little time to study to complete his degree, his writing output from his green-inked typewriter increased, covering a vast array of topics but mainly around the areas of culture and religion. In 1936 Leonids served as editor and contributor to the multi-author short story collection <i>Work songs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_service">National service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1937, Leonids served his two years of <a href="/wiki/National_service" title="National service">national service</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Army">Latvian Army</a>. After his basic training he was awarded the rank of corporal, but even while serving he continued to write, publishing over 30 pieces including "Latvian's prayer".<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selected for officer training in Riga in 1939, he was joined there by Stanislavs Reinis, who would later fill-in the history of Breikšs time in the army and during the two-year course.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, Breikšs had met Anna Bildere (b. 1918, Riga). From 1939 their friendship developed, marrying at St. John’s church, Riga on 25 May 1940. After a reception at the Latvian Railways headquarters, they honeymooned along the River Ogre close to Vecpiebalga. They returned to live in an apartment in Riga rented from <a href="/wiki/Bibliographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographer">bibliographer</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%81nis_Misi%C5%86%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jānis Misiņš (page does not exist)">Jānis Misiņš</a>, where within his extensive library the pair began to translate <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a></i> into Latvian.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</a></div> <p>After the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_pact" title="Non-aggression pact">non-aggression pact</a> on 23 August 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> began on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet-Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman2012163–64_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman2012163–64-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This triggered Latvia and the USSR to sign a treaty in Moscow on 6 October 1939, to protect the USSR's south western border. This allowed the Soviets to invade part of south-eastern region of Finland (<a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salla" title="Salla">Salla</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a>, which after 105 days were annexed.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death in March 1940 <a href="/wiki/Edvarts_Virza" title="Edvarts Virza">Edvarts Virza</a>, in an unstable Latvian political environment that was highly aware of the aggressive powers to both its east and west, Soviet forces began to enforce the secret parts of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact on its neighbours, <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexing</a>: <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>,; <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>; Northern <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Hertsa_region" title="Hertsa region">Hertsa region</a>. On the 14/15 June 1940, <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> unit <a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%BCenki_border_incident" title="Masļenki border incident">invaded the Russian/Latvian Masļenki border point</a>, allowing Soviet tank units to <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">invade and occupy Riga on 17 June</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dismissed by the Soviet occupation forces from his work at the Ministry of Social Affairs, as they formed the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LPSR)</a>, Leonids and Anna like many Latvians began a life of hardship between occasional hard but low paying work. They initially worked in the repatriation of Baltic Germans to Germany, but after that worked manually in construction and farming.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Breikšs also continued writing, composing the poem "Latvian's creed" during this period and planning the publication of his third poetry book. But a public profile as a noted nationalist writer and political commentator was not useful at this time, with <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a> informants everywhere, and both the Latvian Police and Soviet secret police making regular night time raids on any perceived antagonists. Leonids was also listed in Unam's Latvian biographic dictionary "I know him", which served as a guide to the Soviet forces as to whom they should interrogate.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrest">Arrest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Arrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After dismissing his mother's suggestion of fleeing Soviet occupation by travelling to Germany, the couple announce to their families at Leonids 33rd birthday party that they are expecting their first child. On 17 April 1941, just after midnight with his parents in residence at the couple's apartment in Riga, Leonids is arrested by a combined force of Cheka and Soviet-controlled <a href="/wiki/State_police" title="State police">State police</a>. Only allowed to say goodbye to his pregnant wife, the State police then took Leonids away, while Cheka guards then ransacked the property and over the following 24 hours kept all occupants in standing positions, and interrogated all visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the following months, despite repeated attempts the family fail to confirm if the authorities hold Breikšs, let alone where he is or if he is still alive. In June 1941 the Cheka tell Breikšs' father that he has been arrested and convicted of "Anti-state activity according to article 58". After a number of visits to Riga Central Prison that all proved unfruitful, at midnight on 14 June 1941, the Cheka arrested Breikšs' brother Pēteris.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 July 1941, <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Latvia_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany">the Wehrmacht invaded Latvia</a>, entering Riga on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While playing Leonids/Norvilis "Sacred Legacy", the last announcement from the radio presenter was: "<i>Dievs, sveti Latviju</i>" (God bless Latvia).<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Going to the now open prison, the family did not find Leonids among the 126 ordered shot dead prisoners of the fleeing Soviet forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To encourage pro-Nazi Germany feelings among the occupied Baltic states, and increase the locals hatred of the USSR, the German propaganda ministry encouraged the use and publishing of the works of both classical local writers and those missing from the time of the USSR's occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HolLat_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HolLat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in Anna working with editor Anslavs Eglitis to compile Breikšs' third poetry collection <i>Songs for the earth and the sky</i> with the full support of the occupying Nazi forces, published by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvju_Gramata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latvju Gramata (page does not exist)">Latvju Gramata</a> in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-LatPoet_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatLit_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 June 1943, under the watchful eye of the occupying Nazi forces, the Latvian people held a ceremony to commemorate the deported, which included a playing of Leonids/Norvilis "Sacred Legacy".<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detention_and_death">Detention and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Detention and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From surviving prisoners testimonies, much written and compiled by fellow prisoner Martins Bisters who was himself arrested on 7 January 1941, and did not return to Latvia until 1955; much is known of Leonid's detention but not his exact place or date of death.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Severely physically tortured in the Cheka building in Riga, the interrogation of Breikšs was focused on members of the Latvian national resistance organization, specifically journalists: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgars_Samts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgars Samts (page does not exist)">Edgars Samts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voldem%C4%81rs_Krasti%C5%86%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voldemārs Krastiņš (page does not exist)">Voldemārs Krastiņš</a>, plus students Leonids Vezis and Atis Ansis Zalitis (all later shot at Astrakhan prison on 28 November 1941). During their investigation, the Cheka also arrested writers <a href="/wiki/An%C5%A1lavs_Egl%C4%ABtis" title="Anšlavs Eglītis">Anšlavs Eglītis</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81rti%C5%86%C5%A1_Z%C4%ABverts" title="Mārtiņš Zīverts">Mārtiņš Zīverts</a> on 27 May 1941, in connection with their case against Breikšs. All were eventually convicted based on paragraphs of article 58, which allowed convicts to be both harshly sentenced and deported. Transferred to Riga Central prison in May 1941, where on 11 June he signed a "Protocol on ceasing investigation". On 20 June 1941, Breikšs was convicted based on the 58th paragraph by a Captain of the LPSR.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 June 1941, 3,150 Latvian prisoners including Breikšs were driven in cattle wagons by road to <a href="/wiki/Kryazh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kryazh">Kryazh</a> station.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HolLat_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HolLat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, 900 were then shipped by boat down the <a href="/wiki/River_Volga" class="mw-redirect" title="River Volga">River Volga</a> to a former horse farm now converted into a gulag at <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>; the rest of the Latvian's were shipped by train further into <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HolLat_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HolLat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a long march during which they were stoned by the local population, by late August 1941 Breikšs was resident in the Astrakhan Khan Palace Prison, with his bunk mate Bisters. The two adjacent camps were run on starvation rations and full of disease, including <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>. Along with the nationalists the Soviet guards shot their fellow Latvian intellectuals: <a href="/wiki/Ernests_Brasti%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Ernests Brastiņš">Ernests Brastiņš</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aleksandrs_Gr%C4%ABns" title="Aleksandrs Grīns">Aleksandrs Grīns</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arveds_Valtes_Avots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arveds Valtes Avots (page does not exist)">Arveds Valtes Avots</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Helmanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Helmanis (page does not exist)">Hugo Helmanis</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrejs_Kampe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrejs Kampe (page does not exist)">Andrejs Kampe</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%81rlis_Krauze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kārlis Krauze (page does not exist)">Kārlis Krauze</a>. By Autumn 1942, only 50 skeleton-like people remained.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1942, Breikšs and Bisters were transferred by rail with Russian prisoners. As the Wehrmacht under <i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Case Blue</a></i> had broken through towards <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a>, many prisoners were moved deeper and further north into Russia, towards the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a>. Transferred to a prison camp in <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, during which Breikšs was suffering from severe stomach pains, Bisters and Breikšs were separated on arrival into a camp that was suffering from a <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a> epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few weeks later, Bisters was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk" title="Krasnoyarsk">Krasnoyarsk</a>, where fellow Latvian detainee's said that when ordered to leave their cells in Saratov, Breikšs' body had simply laid strewn on the floor. Later unsupported testimony suggested that Leonids may have been shot at Saratov, but his date and cause of death, plus his resting place remain to this day unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lat20th_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HolLat_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HolLat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post_war_and_legacy">Post war and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post war and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After moving within Riga in September 1941, Breikšs' parents and sister departed as post-war refugees to Germany on 8 October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Bisters_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anna gave birth to their son Peteris on 24 November 1941, at a private clinic. After living with her parents, on 4 August 1944, she and her son left Riga as refugees on a German Army transport ship bound for <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, Poland, from where they took a train to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, to reside with a friend. As the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> and Russian armies advanced on a collapsing Nazi Germany, Anna and her son fled to <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. From there in 1948 she and her son emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, where she initially supported them both by working as a house maid.<sup id="cite_ref-CanLatOlym_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanLatOlym-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although many writers—particularly those with nationalist sympathies—were suppressed in Latvia during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> period, Leonids writings were kept alive by Latvian expatriate communities.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1988–1991 <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a> in Latvia, "Sacred Prayer" was revived as a popular nationalist song.<sup id="cite_ref-PrinEncyc_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrinEncyc-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> held in Vancouver, his grandson Chris Breikss's office became the unofficial base for the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Olympic_Committee" title="Latvian Olympic Committee">Latvian Olympic team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CanLatOlym_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanLatOlym-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bisters-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bisters_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breikss.com/">"Leonids Brekiss"</a>. Martins Bisters. 12 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leonids+Brekiss&rft.pub=Martins+Bisters&rft.date=2014-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breikss.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LatPoet-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatPoet_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Burtnieks1946" class="citation book cs1">J. Burtnieks (1946). <i>Latvian Poetry</i>. A. Baumanis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latvian+Poetry&rft.pub=A.+Baumanis&rft.date=1946&rft.au=J.+Burtnieks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LatLit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatLit_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJānis_Andrups_&_Vitauts_Kalve1954" class="citation book cs1">Jānis Andrups & Vitauts Kalve (1954). <i>Latvian Literature</i>. Goppers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latvian+Literature&rft.pub=Goppers&rft.date=1954&rft.au=J%C4%81nis+Andrups+%26+Vitauts+Kalve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lat20th-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lat20th_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaina_Bleiere2006" class="citation book cs1">Daina Bleiere (2006). <i>History of Latvia: the 20th century</i>. Jumava.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Latvia%3A+the+20th+century&rft.pub=Jumava&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Daina+Bleiere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HolLat-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HolLat_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HolLat_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HolLat_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HolLat_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HolLat_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Ezergailis1996" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Ezergailis (1996). <i>The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941–1944: the missing center</i>. Historical Institute of Latvia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+in+Latvia%2C+1941%E2%80%931944%3A+the+missing+center&rft.pub=Historical+Institute+of+Latvia&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Andrew+Ezergailis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Latvian literature in biography</i> (1992, p. 58)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBassler2000" class="citation book cs1">Bassler, Gerhard P. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alfredvaldmanisp0000bass/page/30"><i>Alfred Valdmanis and the Politics of Survival</i></a></span>. Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alfredvaldmanisp0000bass/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-4413-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-4413-1"><bdi>0-8020-4413-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41347251">41347251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfred+Valdmanis+and+the+Politics+of+Survival&rft.place=Toronto%3B+Buffalo&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41347251&rft.isbn=0-8020-4413-1&rft.aulast=Bassler&rft.aufirst=Gerhard+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falfredvaldmanisp0000bass%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.am.gov.lv/data/Izstades/Diplomatija-un-maksla/07_05.jpg">Ieraksts Latvijas diplomātiskās pārstāvniecības Lielbritānijā pasu reģistrācijas žurnālā par pases Nr.191 izsniegšanu Arvedam Bergam (Londonā, 1919. gada 2. jūnijā)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Uldis Lasmanis. <i>Arveds Bergs. Sabiedriski politiska biogrāfija</i> 4 daļās. Rīga: 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Chase2007" class="citation book cs1">Robert Chase (2007). <i>Memento mori: a guide to contemporary memorial music</i>. Scarecrow Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memento+mori%3A+a+guide+to+contemporary+memorial+music&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Robert+Chase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Universitas</i>, No. 5, 1933</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZake2005" class="citation journal cs1">Zake, Ieva (2005). "Etatist Elements of Small Nation Nationalism". <i>Revue Canadienne Des Études Sur Le Nationalisme</i>. <b>32</b>. University of Prince Edward Island: 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+Canadienne+Des+%C3%89tudes+Sur+Le+Nationalisme&rft.atitle=Etatist+Elements+of+Small+Nation+Nationalism&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Zake&rft.aufirst=Ieva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">25 July 1937, at Workers' Festival</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sejejs</i> (<i>Sower</i>) magazine, No. 4, 1939</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">18 March 1939, exhibition "Work and leisure"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaina_Stukuls_Eglitis" class="citation book cs1">Daina Stukuls Eglitis. <i>Imagining the Nation: History, Modernity, and Revolution in Latvia</i>. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+the+Nation%3A+History%2C+Modernity%2C+and+Revolution+in+Latvia&rft.pages=129&rft.au=Daina+Stukuls+Eglitis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>A century of Latvian poetry: an anthology</i>. Calder. 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+century+of+Latvian+poetry%3A+an+anthology&rft.pub=Calder&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman2012163–64-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman2012163–64_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldman2012">Goldman 2012</a>, pp. 163–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanLatOlym-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CanLatOlym_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CanLatOlym_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=3d29d3f5-f050-4478-a319-8805e30f36f8&sponsor=">"Tragic tale prompts Canadian to fly Latvian flag"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Sun" title="Vancouver Sun">Vancouver Sun</a>/Canada.com</i>. 13 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vancouver+Sun%2FCanada.com&rft.atitle=Tragic+tale+prompts+Canadian+to+fly+Latvian+flag&rft.date=2010-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fstory_print.html%3Fid%3D3d29d3f5-f050-4478-a319-8805e30f36f8%26sponsor%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolfs_Ekmanis1978" class="citation book cs1">Rolfs Ekmanis (1978). <i>Latvian literature under the Soviets, 1940–1975</i>. Nordland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latvian+literature+under+the+Soviets%2C+1940%E2%80%931975&rft.pub=Nordland&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Rolfs+Ekmanis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrinEncyc-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PrinEncyc_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland_Greene" class="citation book cs1">Roland Greene; et al. <i>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics</i>. p. 794.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Encyclopedia+of+Poetry+and+Poetics&rft.pages=794&rft.au=Roland+Greene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Sonia_Ziedonis1997" class="citation book cs1">Ruth Sonia Ziedonis (1997). <i>A pastoral approach for the journey of healing and wholeness through sharing one's Latvian grief story</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Latvia" title="University of Latvia">University of Latvia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+pastoral+approach+for+the+journey+of+healing+and+wholeness+through+sharing+one%27s+Latvian+grief+story&rft.pub=University+of+Latvia&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Ruth+Sonia+Ziedonis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2012" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Stuart D (2012). <i>Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II</i>. Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61251-098-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61251-098-9"><bdi>978-1-61251-098-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomonhan%2C+1939%3A+The+Red+Army%27s+Victory+That+Shaped+World+War+II&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61251-098-9&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Stuart+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonids_Breikss1942" class="citation book cs1">Leonids Breikss (1942). Anslavs Eglitis (ed.). <i>Songs for the earth and the sky</i>. Latvju Gramata.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs+for+the+earth+and+the+sky&rft.pub=Latvju+Gramata&rft.date=1942&rft.au=Leonids+Breikss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartins_Bisters1998" class="citation book cs1">Martins Bisters (1998). <i>Collection of L. Breikss' works, Volume I</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collection+of+L.+Breikss%27+works%2C+Volume+I&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Martins+Bisters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartins_Bisters,_Beatrise_Cimermane1998" class="citation book cs1">Martins Bisters, Beatrise Cimermane (1998). <i>Biography of L. Breikss</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biography+of+L.+Breikss&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Martins+Bisters%2C+Beatrise+Cimermane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlgonis_Bersons1998" class="citation book cs1">Ilgonis Bersons (1998). <i>Collection of L. Breikss' works</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collection+of+L.+Breikss%27+works&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Ilgonis+Bersons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomans_Pussars1998" class="citation book cs1">Romans Pussars (1998). <i>Selection of materials by Rainis' History Museum of Literature and Art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selection+of+materials+by+Rainis%27+History+Museum+of+Literature+and+Art&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Romans+Pussars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeon%C4%ABds+Breik%C5%A1s" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breikss.com/">Leonids Brekiss biography by Martins Bisters</a></li> <li><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s" class="extiw" title="lv:Leonīds Breikšs">Bio @ Wikipedia Latvia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15996215#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15996215#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15996215#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000041636671">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/58674542">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/378387/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdmpJvPMwQQVy7qgf6dwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1015414443">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no96038090">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000015720&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/9d44c63f-4a33-4a96-87cf-9104fb391181">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1015414443.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonīds_Breikšs&oldid=1182664669">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonīds_Breikšs&oldid=1182664669</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_births" title="Category:1908 births">1908 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_deaths" title="Category:1942 deaths">1942 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Moscow_Oblast" title="Category:People from Moscow Oblast">People from Moscow Oblast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Volokolamsky_Uyezd" title="Category:People from Volokolamsky Uyezd">People from Volokolamsky Uyezd</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_Lutherans" title="Category:Latvian Lutherans">Latvian Lutherans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_expatriates_in_Russia" title="Category:Latvian expatriates in Russia">Latvian expatriates in Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_journalists" title="Category:Latvian journalists">Latvian journalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Latvian_poets" title="Category:20th-century Latvian poets">20th-century Latvian poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_journalists" title="Category:20th-century journalists">20th-century journalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Lutherans" title="Category:20th-century Lutherans">20th-century Lutherans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_military_personnel" title="Category:Latvian military personnel">Latvian military personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_people_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Latvian people of World War II">Latvian people of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_the_Gulag" title="Category:People who died in the Gulag">People who died in the Gulag</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_people_who_died_in_Soviet_detention" title="Category:Latvian people who died in Soviet detention">Latvian people who died in Soviet detention</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2021">Use dmy dates from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_criminal_charges" title="Category:Pages using infobox person with multiple criminal charges">Pages using infobox person with multiple criminal charges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_spouses" title="Category:Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses">Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2023, at 17:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-fq8d5","wgBackendResponseTime":228,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.647","walltime":"0.845","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3422,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":38416,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2473,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":85803,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 768.504 1 -total"," 27.60% 212.116 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 23.94% 183.964 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.55% 88.787 2 Template:Cite_web"," 11.21% 86.126 1 Template:Authority_control"," 11.04% 84.839 17 Template:Cite_book"," 9.86% 75.738 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.28% 71.296 4 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 7.23% 55.584 18 Template:Main_other"," 6.70% 51.506 1 Template:Sfn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.372","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10660710,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAndrew_Ezergailis1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBassler2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaina_Bleiere2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaina_Stukuls_Eglitis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIlgonis_Bersons1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Burtnieks1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJānis_Andrups_\u0026amp;_Vitauts_Kalve1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonids_Breikss1942\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartins_Bisters,_Beatrise_Cimermane1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartins_Bisters1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_Chase2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoland_Greene\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRolfs_Ekmanis1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomans_Pussars1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuth_Sonia_Ziedonis1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZake2005\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Breikss, Leonids\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-568d7855d4-m9v6t","timestamp":"20241125183725","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Leon\u012bds Breik\u0161s","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon%C4%ABds_Breik%C5%A1s","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15996215","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15996215","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-01-15T18:24:38Z","dateModified":"2023-10-30T17:02:28Z","headline":"Latvian poet, journalist, patriot"}</script> </body> </html>