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class="actions" data-v-649ad59d><a href="/middle-east/search?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor search-toggle" data-v-649ad59d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" class="direction-ltr nav-icon" data-v-649ad59d data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.5 11h-.79l-.28-.27A6.47 6.47 0 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 6.5 13c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L17.49 16zm-6 0C4.01 11 2 8.99 2 6.5S4.01 2 6.5 2 11 4.01 11 6.5 8.99 11 6.5 11"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="mobile-menu" style="display:none;" data-v-649ad59d><div class="top" data-v-649ad59d><div class="is-full-width is-flush-top is-menu-relative dropdown-menu centers-menu nav-link" cssclasses="nav-centers" data-v-649ad59d data-v-56cfe9ad><div class="wrapper" data-v-56cfe9ad><button class="button" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="label" data-v-56cfe9ad><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 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direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Washington DC, USA</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/china" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie China</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Activities in Singapore and Beijing, China</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/europe" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie Europe</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Brussels, Belgium</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/india" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" 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data-v-239cd353>See All Regions</span></button></div></div></div><span data-v-649ad59d></span></header><div class="nuxt-loading-indicator" style="position:fixed;top:0;right:0;left:0;pointer-events:none;width:auto;height:3px;opacity:0;background:#00b8ad;background-size:Infinity% auto;transform:scaleX(0%);transform-origin:left;transition:transform 0.1s, height 0.4s, opacity 0.4s;z-index:999999;"></div><div class="person-detail-page" status="published" slug="sophia-besch" publishedat="2024-01-16T18:57:03.536Z" firstname="Sophia" lastname="Besch" __typename="Person" data-v-ec55b094><div class="hero" data-v-ec55b094><section class="hero-basic background-blue header-offset" style="background-image:url();" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-f479f335><div class="layout" data-v-f479f335><div class="left" data-v-f479f335><div class="eyebrow" data-v-f479f335><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography margin opacity-dark eyebrow" data-v-f479f335 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>experts</h6><div class="image-mobile" data-v-f479f335><div class="size-x-large" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" mimetype="image/jpeg" __typename="Avatar" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></span></div></div></div><div class="header" data-v-f479f335><div class="name" data-v-f479f335><div class="h1-display direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-f479f335 data-v-239cd353>Sophia Besch</div><div class="image-tablet" data-v-f479f335><div class="size-x-large" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" mimetype="image/jpeg" __typename="Avatar" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></span></div></div></div><div class="body-display-large-italic direction-ltr typography dek" data-v-f479f335 data-v-239cd353>Senior Fellow, Europe Program</div><div class="body-style-serif-large theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements dek" data-v-f479f335 data-v-fedd3581></div></div></div></div><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/topographic.Cw31Keqa.svg" class="topographic-background" data-v-f479f335></section></div><div class="sub-hero" data-v-ec55b094><div class="sub-hero-content" data-v-ec55b094><div class="link-panel" data-v-ec55b094><div class="page-controls" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-4de03112><div class="layout" data-v-4de03112><div class="left" data-v-4de03112><div class="link-panel-left" data-v-ec55b094><a href="mailto:sophia.besch@ceip.org?center=middle-east" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="anchor button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button" data-v-ec55b094 style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="label 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height="13" fill="none" class="direction-ltr icon" data-v-3052bdba data-v-6fa14250><path fill="#004070" d="M11.853 5.414h-.638a.13.13 0 0 0-.127.127v.638c0 .07.057.127.127.127h.637c.07 0 .128-.057.128-.127V5.54a.13.13 0 0 0-.128-.127m.51-1.658H10.45V.378a.13.13 0 0 0-.127-.128H3.565a.13.13 0 0 0-.127.128v3.378H1.525c-.704 0-1.275.57-1.275 1.275v5.228c0 .282.228.51.51.51h2.678v2.104c0 .07.057.127.127.127h6.758c.07 0 .127-.057.127-.127v-2.104h2.678a.51.51 0 0 0 .51-.51V5.03c0-.704-.571-1.275-1.275-1.275M4.52 1.334h4.845v2.422H4.521zm4.845 10.582H4.521V7.518h4.845zm3.188-2.231H10.45V6.434H3.438v3.251H1.334V5.031c0-.105.086-.191.191-.191h10.838c.105 0 .19.086.19.191z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sub-hero-visual" data-v-ec55b094><div class="size-x-large avatar-desktop" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" mimetype="image/jpeg" __typename="Avatar" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></span></div></div></div></div><section class="summary" data-v-ec55b094><div class="summary-content" data-v-ec55b094><h2 class="h3-display capitalize direction-ltr typography summary-heading" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>about</h2><div class="summary-layout" data-v-ec55b094><div class="summary-left" data-v-ec55b094><div class="about" data-v-ec55b094><div class="hidden-content" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-526dfefe><div class="wrapper" data-v-526dfefe><div class="body-style-serif-large theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sophia Besch is a senior fellow in the Europe Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her area of expertise is European defense policy. </p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Before joining Carnegie, Sophia was a senior research fellow at the Centre for European Reform (CER) in London and Berlin, where she led research on European armament policy, the EU’s role in European defense, transatlantic relations, German defense policy, and the security implications of Brexit.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sophia has also worked with the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies and the Atlantic Council's Europe Centre, where she served as co-chair of the US-Germany Renewal Initiative. Earlier in her career, Sophia was a Carlo Schmid fellow in NATO’s Policy Planning Unit and a researcher for the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. She is a member of the Atlantik Brücke Young Leaders program. </p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sophia regularly comments on political and defense issues in print and broadcast media and has published opinion pieces in the <em>Atlantic</em>, <em>Foreign Affairs</em>, <em>Foreign Policy, Internationale Politik</em>, <em>Politico</em>, <em>Project Syndicate</em>, <em>War on the Rocks, </em>and others. She has served as an expert witness for the UK House of Commons Defence Select Committee, the German Bundestag EU Committee, and the European Parliament Subcommittee for Security and Defence. </p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>She holds a doctorate in European Studies from King’s College London, and degrees in international relations and international security from Sciences Po Paris and the London School of Economics. </p></div></div></div><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button about-revealer" data-v-526dfefe style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="label direction-ltr typography label" data-v-2387f140 data-v-239cd353>read more</span></button></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey no-image content-card-block pinned-work" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>podcast</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/can-tunisias-democracy-survive-saieds-second-term?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Can Tunisia’s Democracy Survive Saied’s Second Term?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sarah-yerkes?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/yerkes_color_large_-6.jpg" alt width="2000" height="3000" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac870f74e6e8e2bc3a6b" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sarah-yerkes?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sarah Yerkes</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="icon" data-v-1142257d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17" height="17" fill="none" class="direction-ltr pin" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="#2B2B2B" d="M13.462 6.012 10.275 9.2A4.5 4.5 0 0 0 9 11.75L5.175 7.925a4.46 4.46 0 0 0 2.55-1.275l3.188-3.188zm3.188.638L10.275.275A.904.904 0 0 0 9 .275.904.904 0 0 0 9 1.55l.637.637L6.45 5.375a2.7 2.7 0 0 1-3.825 0L1.35 6.65l3.806 3.806-4.462 4.462v1.275h1.275L6.43 11.73l3.844 3.844L11.55 14.3a2.7 2.7 0 0 1 0-3.825l3.187-3.188.638.638c.35.35.924.35 1.275 0a.904.904 0 0 0 0-1.275"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="summary-right" data-v-ec55b094><div class="credential-section" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>affiliations</h6><div class="credential-layout" data-v-ec55b094><ul class="affiliations" data-v-ec55b094><li data-v-ec55b094><a href="/programs/europe?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-ec55b094><span class="body-display-large direction-ltr typography affiliation-label" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>Europe Program</span></a></li><li data-v-ec55b094><a href="/projects/baltic-sea-region-security-initiative?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-ec55b094><span class="body-display-large direction-ltr typography affiliation-label" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>Baltic Sea Region Security Initiative</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="credential-section" data-v-ec55b094><div class="credential-layout" data-v-ec55b094><div class="areas-of-expertise" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>areas of expertise</h6><div class="tag-cluster" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-e2e75d3b><a href="/topics/foreign-policy?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Foreign Policy</span></a><a href="/regions/western-europe?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Western Europe</span></a><a href="/regions/united-kingdom?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>United Kingdom</span></a><a href="/regions/france?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>France</span></a><a href="/regions/germany?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Germany</span></a><a href="/topics/security?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Security</span></a><a href="/topics/military?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Military</span></a><a href="/regions/europe?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Europe</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="credential-section" data-v-ec55b094><div class="education" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>education</h6><span class="body-display-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>PhD, King’s College London; MSc, London School of Economics ; MA, Sciences Po Paris, BA, Münster University </span></div><div class="languages" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>languages</h6><span class="body-display-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>English, French, German</span></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="top-padding-standard bottom-padding-standard background-white tier" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-e231f7e4><div class="inner" data-v-e231f7e4><div class="heading" data-v-e231f7e4><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography underlined opacity-dark eyebrow eyebrow" data-v-e231f7e4 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>featured work</h6></div><div class="works" data-v-ec55b094><div class="context-inline size-33 orientation-tall background-color-white content-card-block" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="https://ip-quarterly.com/en/european-plan-trump-and-harris" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static-images/in-the-media.jpg" alt="In The Media" width height srcset sizes class="image in the media image" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>in the media</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="https://ip-quarterly.com/en/european-plan-trump-and-harris" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>A European Plan for Trump (and Harris)</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>A Trump win is still possible. Germany and Europe should develop innovative tactics to position themselves intelligently in case of transatlantic chaos. Even if Harris wins, these efforts wouldn’t be in vain.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="body-style-body-micro-italic theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements source-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text html" data-v-fedd3581>Internationale Poltik</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-33 orientation-tall background-color-white content-card-block" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/research/2024/07/europes-conscription-challenge-lessons-from-nordic-and-baltic-states?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/Denmark-Europe-military-soldiers-GettyImages-2156658291-edit.png" alt width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image paper image" id="6685a1ea93b7d809c012ff93" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--teal type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>paper</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/research/2024/07/europes-conscription-challenge-lessons-from-nordic-and-baltic-states?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Europe’s Conscription Challenge: Lessons From Nordic and Baltic States </div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>As Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine reminds European countries about the importance of manpower, many are once again weighing the promise and perils of compulsory military service.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/katrine-westgaard?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Westgaard-small-7.jpg" alt width="127" height="162" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="65d4c16963fddd15cc6711ac" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/katrine-westgaard?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Katrine Westgaard</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-33 orientation-tall background-color-white content-card-block" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/podcast/resuscitating-europes-defense-industry" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static-images/in-the-media.jpg" alt="In The Media" width height srcset sizes class="image in the media image" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>in the media</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/podcast/resuscitating-europes-defense-industry" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Resuscitating Europe's Defense Industry</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>A discussion on the urgency of making Europe’s defense industry fit for the demands of today’s security challenges.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="body-style-body-micro-italic theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements source-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text html" data-v-fedd3581>Center for a New American Security</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="content-index-tier index" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-0ec788be><div class="heading" data-v-0ec788be><div class="heading-wrapper" data-v-0ec788be><h2 class="h3-display direction-ltr typography title" data-v-0ec788be data-v-239cd353>All work from Sophia Besch</h2></div></div><div class="panel" data-v-0ec788be><div class="panel-inner" data-v-0ec788be><div class="search-filters index-filters" style="" data-v-0ec788be data-v-45e84e2b><div style="display:none;" class="mobile-filters-sticky" data-v-45e84e2b><span class="body-display-large direction-ltr typography mobile-filter-toggler-title" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-239cd353>All work from Sophia Besch</span><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button mobile-filters-toggle" data-v-45e84e2b style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="icon" data-v-2387f140><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="12" class="direction-ltr" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-6fa14250><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.482 3.093a2.593 2.593 0 0 1-5.067.777H.778a.778.778 0 0 1 0-1.555h7.637a2.594 2.594 0 0 1 5.067.778M10.889 4.13a1.037 1.037 0 1 0 0-2.074 1.037 1.037 0 0 0 0 2.074m-8.296 7.683c1.16 0 2.143-.763 2.474-1.815h8.155a.778.778 0 1 0 0-1.555H5.067a2.594 2.594 0 1 0-2.474 3.37m0-1.555a1.037 1.037 0 1 0 0-2.074 1.037 1.037 0 0 0 0 2.074" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div><div style="" class="search-filters-wrapper" data-v-45e84e2b><div class="mobile-filter-heading" data-v-45e84e2b><h5 class="h5 capitalize direction-ltr typography mobile-title" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-239cd353>filters</h5><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button mobile-close-button" data-v-45e84e2b style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="icon" data-v-2387f140><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="10" fill="none" class="direction-ltr mobile-close-icon" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-6fa14250><path d="m4.97 6.03 3.487 3.487 1.06-1.06L6.031 4.97l3.486-3.486-1.06-1.06L4.97 3.91 1.485.424.424 1.484 3.91 4.97.424 8.456l1.06 1.06z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="filters" data-v-45e84e2b><div class="is-in-flow-phone is-menu-relative dropdown-menu index-filter-menu filter" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-56cfe9ad><div class="wrapper" data-v-56cfe9ad><button class="button" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="label" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="body capitalize direction-ltr typography filter-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353>topics <span class="filter-count" data-v-3c1ea62f>(18)</span></span></span><div class="arrow-container" data-v-56cfe9ad><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-56cfe9ad data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></div></button><div style="display:none;" class="items" data-v-56cfe9ad><ul class="menu-items" data-v-3c1ea62f><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography 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menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Democracy" id="m47kr1659bm76zt7xvr" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Democracy</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Domestic Politics" id="m47kr165h69901rktth" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Domestic Politics</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography 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data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="EU" id="m47kr165b7dvzdjjpfm" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>EU</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Foreign Policy" id="m47kr1657o6y2gnldus" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Foreign Policy</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Global Governance" id="m47kr165m4ynirhng9" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Global Governance</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Migration" id="m47kr165tza2wvorzzj" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Migration</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Military" id="m47kr165pe04meraubs" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Military</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Nuclear Energy" id="m47kr165h5neuwwmk7" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Nuclear Energy</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Nuclear Policy" id="m47kr1655iaj15sikcs" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Nuclear Policy</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Political Reform" id="m47kr1650o6y8f83edp" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Political Reform</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Religion" id="m47kr165kur655au6ph" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Religion</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Security" id="m47kr165mxmdvi8i52" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Security</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Technology" id="m47kr165k0n04femupk" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Technology</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Trade" id="m47kr165uhhv8efep2b" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Trade</label></span></span></div></span></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="is-in-flow-phone is-menu-relative dropdown-menu index-filter-menu filter" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-56cfe9ad><div class="wrapper" data-v-56cfe9ad><button class="button" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="label" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="body capitalize direction-ltr typography filter-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353>regions <span class="filter-count" data-v-3c1ea62f>(11)</span></span></span><div class="arrow-container" data-v-56cfe9ad><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-56cfe9ad data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></div></button><div style="display:none;" class="items" data-v-56cfe9ad><ul class="menu-items" data-v-3c1ea62f><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Asia" id="m47kr165xkiankf3i2l" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Asia</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="East Asia" id="m47kr165vb6mma5toz" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>East Asia</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Europe" id="m47kr165jkzouoka49p" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Europe</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Gulf" id="m47kr165lwbroinlwos" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Gulf</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Levant" id="m47kr165tc9gx4ass2r" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Levant</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Maghreb" id="m47kr16587khxidd3xh" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Maghreb</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="North Africa" id="m47kr1652ca6e6on686" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>North Africa</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="North America" id="m47kr165jl6uitiljg" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>North America</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Russia and Eurasia" id="m47kr165vf1w586nfus" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Russia and Eurasia</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="South Asia" id="m47kr1656fby8mdmse4" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>South Asia</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa" id="m47kr16538dx3qofc8i" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="is-in-flow-phone is-menu-relative dropdown-menu index-filter-menu filter" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-56cfe9ad><div class="wrapper" data-v-56cfe9ad><button class="button" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="label" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="body capitalize direction-ltr typography filter-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353>years <span class="filter-count" data-v-3c1ea62f>(22)</span></span></span><div class="arrow-container" data-v-56cfe9ad><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-56cfe9ad data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></div></button><div style="display:none;" class="items" data-v-56cfe9ad><ul class="menu-items" data-v-3c1ea62f><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2024" id="m47kr165cyt386q7sr" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2024</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2023" id="m47kr165j0vc1zdqucs" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2023</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2022" id="m47kr165edn3zzrhomi" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2022</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2021" id="m47kr165hfjvfjhuxaj" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2021</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2020" id="m47kr165iwp8is3zk2n" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2020</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2019" id="m47kr165gy14syb2t57" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2019</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2018" 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data-v-45e84e2b style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="label direction-ltr typography label" data-v-2387f140 data-v-239cd353>See Results</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="results" data-v-0ec788be><div class="results-inner" data-v-0ec788be><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography result-count" data-v-0ec788be data-v-239cd353>67 Results</span><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/podcasts/europe-inside-out/is-europe-ready-for-trump-20?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/23015_Carnegie_Europe_Inside_Out_AW_1000px-2.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1000" srcset sizes class="image podcast image" id="673e04d7841fee1a07d22d8a" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>podcast</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/podcasts/europe-inside-out/is-europe-ready-for-trump-20?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Is Europe Ready for Trump 2.0?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Rym Momtaz, Sophia Besch, and Christopher Shell discuss how Donald Trump’s victory might reshape transatlantic relations.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/rym-momtaz?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Momtaz-Rym-headshot-2024.jpg" alt="Rym Momtaz" width="2217" height="2496" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66cf944065b4310a295268ab" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/christopher-shell?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/TSQ_48122-1.jpg" alt width="5760" height="3840" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a1020f74e6e8e2b80767" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/rym-momtaz?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Rym Momtaz</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/christopher-shell?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Christopher Shell</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· November 20, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/emissary/2024/11/trump-election-win-europe-nato-ukraine-strategy?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/trump-election-night-pointing.jpg" alt="Trump pointing" width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image commentary image" id="672d1e9117e34a663396d6b0" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>commentary</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><image 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" width="24" height="24"></image></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/emissary?center=middle-east" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Emissary</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/emissary/2024/11/trump-election-win-europe-nato-ukraine-strategy?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Europe Does Not Have the Luxury to Panic Over Trump’s Election</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>It must work together to prevent the worst for Ukraine, NATO, and the European project.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/liana-fix?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Liana_Fix_Headshot-14.jpg" alt width="127" height="162" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="663bfe54a31e5b73adbb0ad4" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/liana-fix?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Liana Fix</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· November 7, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/maritime-power-plays-the-us-and-china-in-the-indian-ocean?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/world-unpacked-podcast.jpg" alt width="960" height="960" srcset sizes class="image podcast image" id="6617ec57dab96b5ed287bf30" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>podcast</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/maritime-power-plays-the-us-and-china-in-the-indian-ocean?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Maritime Power Plays: The U.S. and China in the Indian Ocean</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sophia Besch sits down with Darshana Baruah to discuss maritime security and great power competition in the Indian Ocean.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/darshana-m-baruah?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/DMB_picture_2021-1.jpeg" alt width="1536" height="2048" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="65749ff40f74e6e8e2b7c0a5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/darshana-m-baruah?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Darshana M. Baruah</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· November 7, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/will-americas-next-president-bring-real-change-in-foreign-policy?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/world-unpacked-podcast.jpg" alt width="960" height="960" srcset sizes class="image podcast image" id="6617ec57dab96b5ed287bf30" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>podcast</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/will-americas-next-president-bring-real-change-in-foreign-policy?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Will America’s Next President Bring Real Change in Foreign Policy?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sophia Besch sits down with Chris Chivvis and Stephen Wertheim to discuss why meaningful change in U.S. foreign policy is so difficult to achieve—and what it would take for the next American president to make such a change happen.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Chris_chivvis-1.jpg" alt width="690" height="862" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="65749fee0f74e6e8e2b7bf5a" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/stephen-wertheim?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Stephen_Wertheim_headshot.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1500" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66199061893a879d581e0a88" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Christopher S. Chivvis</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/stephen-wertheim?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Stephen Wertheim</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 24, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/research/2024/10/strategic-autonomy-as-a-dynamic-of-convergence-in-turkiye-eu-relations?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/turkiye-eu-foreign-policy-GettyImages-1206282771.jpg" alt="U Council President Charles Michel (R) arrives with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan before a meeting with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen at the EU headquarters in Brussels on March 9, 2020. " width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image paper image" id="6716a40c3a928786db2cf2d9" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--teal type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>paper</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/research/2024/10/strategic-autonomy-as-a-dynamic-of-convergence-in-turkiye-eu-relations?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Strategic Autonomy as a Dynamic of Convergence in Türkiye-EU Relations </div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Türkiye’s foreign policy has been deemed by analysts as a “re-orientation” and rupture with the country’s diplomatic past.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/ilke-toygur-coauthor-2024-10?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/avatar-placeholder.BaqAmelg.png" alt width height srcset sizes class="image" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>İlke Toygür</span></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 22, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/posts/2024/10/tunisia-election-saied-democracy-survival-us-policy?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/tunisia-election-military-ballot-box-2024.jpg" alt="a soldier's boots next to a rubber container used as a ballot deposit box" width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image questionAnswer image" id="67102386c9663d2e70e5ba1a" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>Q&A</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><image 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" width="24" height="24"></image></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/emissary?center=middle-east" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Emissary</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/posts/2024/10/tunisia-election-saied-democracy-survival-us-policy?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Can Tunisian Democracy Survive the President’s Second Term?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Kais Saied has chipped away at a decade of progress, but a few factors offer hope for the country’s democratic future.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sarah-yerkes?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/yerkes_color_large_-6.jpg" alt width="2000" height="3000" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac870f74e6e8e2bc3a6b" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sarah-yerkes?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sarah Yerkes</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 17, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/can-tunisias-democracy-survive-saieds-second-term?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/world-unpacked-podcast.jpg" alt width="960" height="960" srcset sizes class="image podcast image" id="6617ec57dab96b5ed287bf30" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>podcast</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/can-tunisias-democracy-survive-saieds-second-term?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Can Tunisia’s Democracy Survive Saied’s Second Term?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sarah Yerkes, a senior fellow in Carnegie's Middle East Program, joins Sophia to discuss the recent re-election of President Kais Saied and what it means for Tunisia's democracy.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sarah-yerkes?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/yerkes_color_large_-6.jpg" alt width="2000" height="3000" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac870f74e6e8e2bc3a6b" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sarah-yerkes?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sarah Yerkes</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 10, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/posts/2024/10/solar-geoengineering-climate-change-risk-benefit?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/sunset-solar-clouds-iStock.jpg" alt="sunset over clouds" width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image questionAnswer image" id="66ff001cd828826fafb521c5" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>Q&A</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><image 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" width="24" height="24"></image></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/emissary?center=middle-east" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Emissary</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/posts/2024/10/solar-geoengineering-climate-change-risk-benefit?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>The Promises and Risks of a Controversial Approach to Cooling the Planet</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Solar geoengineering could be a climate lifeline. It’s also a gamble, with no comprehensive global governance.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/cynthia-scharf?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/avatar-placeholder.BaqAmelg.png" alt width height srcset sizes class="image" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Cynthia Scharf</span></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 4, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/the-geopolitics-of-climate-engineering-a-climate-lifeline-or-pandoras-box?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/WorldUnpacked-3.jpg" alt width="1024" height="1024" srcset sizes class="image podcast image" id="657378ad3625060300eae958" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>podcast</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/podcasts/the-world-unpacked/the-geopolitics-of-climate-engineering-a-climate-lifeline-or-pandoras-box?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>The Geopolitics of Climate Engineering: A Climate Lifeline or Pandora’s Box?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sophia sits down with Cynthia Scharf, a senior fellow at the International Center for Future Generations, to discuss the geopolitics of solar geoengineering.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/cynthia-scharf?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/avatar-placeholder.BaqAmelg.png" alt width height srcset sizes class="image" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Cynthia Scharf</span></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· September 26, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/posts/2024/09/middle-east-strategy-influence-china-russia-us-shift?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/abu-dhabi-defense-show-middle-east.jpg" alt="People walk by a drone in a conference center" width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image questionAnswer image" id="66e84a91fd58a87ab9d14a41" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>Q&A</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><image 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" width="24" height="24"></image></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/emissary?center=middle-east" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Emissary</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/posts/2024/09/middle-east-strategy-influence-china-russia-us-shift?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Two Ways Washington Should Shift Its Strategy Toward the Middle East</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>The narrative of a retreating superpower and emerging competition from China and Russia is doesn’t capture what’s happening on the ground. U.S. policy should change accordingly.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/amr-hamzawy?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Amr-Hamzawy-CEIP-00457.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1255" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="661981d4eaa2ba96dce31d4a" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/amr-hamzawy?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Amr Hamzawy</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· September 16, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagination" data-v-0ec788be><div style="" class="pagination" data-v-0ec788be data-v-c58cb928><div class="wrapper" data-v-c58cb928><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-left button" 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