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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Search_for_a_wife_and_first_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_for_a_wife_and_first_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Search for a wife and first marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_for_a_wife_and_first_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duke_of_Normandy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duke_of_Normandy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Duke of Normandy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Duke_of_Normandy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Duke of Normandy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Duke_of_Normandy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accession_and_rise_of_the_English_and_the_royalty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession_and_rise_of_the_English_and_the_royalty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Accession and rise of the English and the royalty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession_and_rise_of_the_English_and_the_royalty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meeting_with_the_Avignon_Papacy_and_the_King_of_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meeting_with_the_Avignon_Papacy_and_the_King_of_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Meeting with the Avignon Papacy and the King of England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meeting_with_the_Avignon_Papacy_and_the_King_of_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Normandy_and_rising_tensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Normandy_and_rising_tensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Relations with Normandy and rising tensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Normandy_and_rising_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_Death_and_second_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Death_and_second_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Black Death and second marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Death_and_second_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>King of France</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-King_of_France-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle King of France subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-King_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coronation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coronation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Coronation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coronation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negotiations_and_falling_out_with_Navarre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negotiations_and_falling_out_with_Navarre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Negotiations and falling out with Navarre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negotiations_and_falling_out_with_Navarre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Poitiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Poitiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Battle of Poitiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Poitiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrender_and_capture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrender_and_capture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Surrender and capture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrender_and_capture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prisoner_of_the_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prisoner_of_the_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Prisoner of the English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prisoner_of_the_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Brétigny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Brétigny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Treaty of Brétigny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Brétigny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louis'_escape_and_return_to_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louis'_escape_and_return_to_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Louis' escape and return to England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louis'_escape_and_return_to_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_strength" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_strength"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Physical strength</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_strength-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Image</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Personal relationships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issue-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issue subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John II of France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="جان الثاني ملك فرنسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان الثاني ملك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuan_II_de_Francia" title="Chuan II de Francia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuan II de Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%C4%B0oann_(Fransa_kral%C4%B1)" title="II İoann (Fransa kralı) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II İoann (Fransa kralı)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="ایکینجی ژان (فرانسه) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی ژان (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Іаан II Добры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іаан II Добры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Жан II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_II,_kralj_Francuske" title="Ivan II, kralj Francuske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ivan II, kralj Francuske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yann_II_(Bro-C%27hall)" title="Yann II (Bro-C'hall) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yann II (Bro-C'hall)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Joan II de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan II de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_II._Francouzsk%C3%BD" title="Jan II. Francouzský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan II. Francouzský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Jean II, brenin Ffrainc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jean II, brenin Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_2._af_Frankrig" title="Johan 2. af Frankrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johan 2. af Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II._(Frankreich)" title="Johann II. (Frankreich) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johann II. (Frankreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_(Prantsusmaa)" title="Jean II (Prantsusmaa) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jean II (Prantsusmaa)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ιωάννης Β΄ της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννης Β΄ της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Francia" title="Juan II de Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan II de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johano_la_2-a_(Francio)" title="Johano la 2-a (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johano la 2-a (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_II.a_Frantziakoa" title="Joan II.a Frantziakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joan II.a Frantziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="ژان دوم، پادشاه فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان دوم، پادشاه فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_le_Bon" title="Jean II le Bon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean II le Bon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%C3%A1n_II_de_Francia" title="Xoán II de Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoán II de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5_2%EC%84%B8_(%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4)" title="장 2세 (프랑스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장 2세 (프랑스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_II.,_francuski_kralj" title="Ivan II., francuski kralj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan II., francuski kralj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_la_2ma_di_Francia" title="Jean la 2ma di Francia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jean la 2ma di Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3hann_2._Frakkakonungur" title="Jóhann 2. Frakkakonungur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóhann 2. Frakkakonungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_II_di_Francia" title="Giovanni II di Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni II di Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="ז'אן השני, מלך צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן השני, מלך צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_II_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჟან II კეთილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟან II კეთილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_(gazik_ke_Franca)" title="Jean II (gazik ke Franca) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Jean II (gazik ke Franca)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_II_(rex_Francorum)" title="Ioannes II (rex Francorum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes II (rex Francorum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDans_II_Labsird%C4%ABgais" title="Žans II Labsirdīgais – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žans II Labsirdīgais" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_II_Gerasis" title="Jonas II Gerasis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonas II Gerasis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._J%C3%A1nos_francia_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. János francia király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. János francia király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Јован II (Франција) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јован II (Франција)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_II_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ჟან II (საფრანგეთი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟან II (საფრანგეთი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="جان التانى ملك فرنسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان التانى ملك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Fr%C3%A1ncia" title="Juan II de Fráncia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Juan II de Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_II_van_Frankrijk" title="Jan II van Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jan II van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B32%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B)" title="ジャン2世 (フランス王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャン2世 (フランス王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_II_av_Frankrike" title="Johan II av Frankrike – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johan II av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_II_av_Frankrike" title="Johan II av Frankrike – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Johan II av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_de_Fraunce" title="Jean II de Fraunce – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Jean II de Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Joan II de França – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joan II de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_II_Dobry_(kr%C3%B3l_Francji)" title="Jan II Dobry (król Francji) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan II Dobry (król Francji)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="João II de França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João II de França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_al_II-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Ioan al II-lea al Franței – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ioan al II-lea al Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_II_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Иоанн II (король Франции) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоанн II (король Франции)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John II of France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1n_II._(Franc%C3%BAzsko)" title="Ján II. (Francúzsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ján II. (Francúzsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Жан II Добри – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жан II Добри" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_od_Francuske" title="Jean II od Francuske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jean II od Francuske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhana_II_(Ranska)" title="Juhana II (Ranska) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juhana II (Ranska)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_II_av_Frankrike" title="Johan II av Frankrike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johan II av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="พระเจ้าฌ็องที่ 2 แห่งฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าฌ็องที่ 2 แห่งฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Jean" title="II. Jean – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Jean" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_II_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Іоанн II Добрий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іоанн II Добрий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Jean II của Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jean II của Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_van_Vrankryk" title="Jean II van Vrankryk – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Jean II van Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%89" title="约翰二世（法兰西） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰二世（法兰西）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2h%C3%A1n%C3%B9_2k_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Jòhánù 2k ilẹ̀ Fránsì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jòhánù 2k ilẹ̀ Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="約翰二世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約翰二世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="约翰二世 (法兰西) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰二世 (法兰西)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q169992#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of France from 1350 to 1364</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">John II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JeanIIdFrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of King John II, the Good aged 30–31" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeanIIdFrance.jpg/220px-JeanIIdFrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeanIIdFrance.jpg/330px-JeanIIdFrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JeanIIdFrance.jpg/440px-JeanIIdFrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1979" data-file-height="3239" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portrait_of_John_II_the_Good&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portrait of John II the Good (page does not exist)">Portrait</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_de_Jean_II_le_Bon" class="extiw" title="fr:Portrait de Jean II le Bon">fr</a>]</span> on wood panel around 1350, <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_French_sovereign" title="Style of the French sovereign">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">22 August 1350 – 8 April 1364</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26 September 1350</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regents#France" title="List of regents">Regent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles, Dauphin of France</a> (1356–1360)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">26 April 1319<br /><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 April 1364<span style="display:none">(1364-04-08)</span> (aged 44)<br /><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Palace" title="Savoy Palace">Savoy Palace</a>, London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">7 May 1364<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis Basilica">Saint Denis Basilica</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bonne_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonne of Bohemia">Bonne of Bohemia</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1332; died 1349)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joan_I,_Countess_of_Auvergne" title="Joan I, Countess of Auvergne">Joan I, Countess of Auvergne</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1350; died 1360)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles V, King of France">Charles V, King of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I, Duke of Anjou">Louis I, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip II, Duke of Burgundy">Philip II, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Valois,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre">Joan, Queen of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Valois,_Duchess_of_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of Valois, Duchess of Bar">Marie, Duchess of Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Vertus" title="Isabella, Countess of Vertus">Isabella, Countess of Vertus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">Valois</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joan_the_Lame" title="Joan the Lame">Joan of Burgundy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_II_of_France_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John II's signature"><img alt="John II's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/John_II_of_France_signature.jpg/125px-John_II_of_France_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/John_II_of_France_signature.jpg/188px-John_II_of_France_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/John_II_of_France_signature.jpg/250px-John_II_of_France_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John II</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Jean II</i>; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called <b>John the Good</b> (French: <i>Jean le Bon</i>), was <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> from 1350 until his death in 1364. When he came to power, France faced several disasters: the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>, which killed between a third and a half of its population; popular revolts known as <i><a href="/wiki/Jacquerie" title="Jacquerie">Jacqueries</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Free_company" title="Free company">free companies</a> (<i>Grandes Compagnies</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Routiers" title="Routiers">routiers</a> who plundered the country; and English aggression that resulted in catastrophic military losses, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers" title="Battle of Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</a> of 1356, in which John was captured. </p><p>While John was a prisoner in London, his son <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles</a> became <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> and faced several rebellions, which he overcame. To liberate his father, he concluded the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Br%C3%A9tigny" title="Treaty of Brétigny">Treaty of Brétigny</a> (1360), by which France lost many territories and paid an enormous ransom. In an exchange of hostages, which included his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I, Duke of Anjou">Louis I, Duke of Anjou</a>, John was released from captivity to raise funds for <a href="/wiki/Ransom_of_John_II_of_France" title="Ransom of John II of France">his ransom</a>. Upon his return to France, he created the <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">franc</a> to stabilize the currency and tried to get rid of the free companies by sending them to a <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">crusade</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VI" title="Pope Innocent VI">Pope Innocent VI</a> died shortly before their meeting in <a href="/wiki/Comtat_Venaissin" title="Comtat Venaissin">Avignon</a>. When John was informed that Louis had escaped from captivity, he voluntarily returned to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, where he died in 1364. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles V. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John was nine years old when his father, Philip VI, was crowned king. Philip VI's ascent to the throne was unexpected: all three sons of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a> had died without sons and their daughters were passed over. Also passed over was King <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, Philip IV's grandson through his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella</a>. Thus, as the new king of France, John's father Philip VI had to consolidate his power in order to protect his throne from rival claimants; therefore, he decided to marry off his son John quickly at the age of thirteen to form a strong matrimonial alliance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Search_for_a_wife_and_first_marriage">Search for a wife and first marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Search for a wife and first marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially a marriage with <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Woodstock" title="Eleanor of Woodstock">Eleanor of Woodstock</a>, sister of King Edward III of England, was considered, but instead Philip invited King <a href="/wiki/John_the_Blind" class="mw-redirect" title="John the Blind">John the Blind</a> of Bohemia to <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a>. Bohemia had aspirations to control <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and needed French diplomatic support. A treaty was drawn up. The military clauses stipulated that, in the event of war, Bohemia would support the French army with four hundred infantrymen. The political clauses ensured that the Lombard crown would not be disputed if the king of Bohemia managed to obtain it. Philip selected <a href="/wiki/Bonne_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonne of Bohemia">Bonne of Bohemia</a> as a wife for his son, as she was closer to child-bearing age (16 years), and the dowry was fixed at 120,000 <a href="/wiki/Italian_coin_florin" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian coin florin">florins</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonne_of_Luxembourg,_with_her_husband_Jean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bonne_of_Luxembourg%2C_with_her_husband_Jean.jpg/220px-Bonne_of_Luxembourg%2C_with_her_husband_Jean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bonne_of_Luxembourg%2C_with_her_husband_Jean.jpg/330px-Bonne_of_Luxembourg%2C_with_her_husband_Jean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bonne_of_Luxembourg%2C_with_her_husband_Jean.jpg/440px-Bonne_of_Luxembourg%2C_with_her_husband_Jean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>John and his first wife Bonne </figcaption></figure> <p>John reached the age of majority, 13 years and one day, on 27 April 1332, and received the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Duchy of Normandy</a>, as well as the counties of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Anjou" title="County of Anjou">Anjou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maine_(province)" title="Maine (province)">Maine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wedding was celebrated on 28 July at the church of Notre-Dame in <a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> in the presence of six thousand guests. The festivities were prolonged by a further two months when the young groom was finally knighted at the cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame</a> in Paris. As the new duke of Normandy, John was solemnly granted the arms of a knight in front of a prestigious assembly bringing together the kings of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Bohemia" title="John of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Navarre" title="Philip III of Navarre">Navarre</a>, and the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Odo_IV,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolph,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine">Lorraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_III,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="John III, Duke of Brabant">Brabant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duke_of_Normandy">Duke of Normandy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Duke of Normandy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accession_and_rise_of_the_English_and_the_royalty">Accession and rise of the English and the royalty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Accession and rise of the English and the royalty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon his accession as Duke of Normandy in 1332, John had to deal with the reality that most of the Norman nobility was already allied with the English. Effectively, <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> depended economically more on maritime trade across the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> than on river trade on the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>. Although the duchy had not been in <a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin</a> possession for <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Le_Goulet" title="Treaty of Le Goulet">150 years</a>, many landowners had holdings across the Channel. Consequently, to line up behind one or other sovereign risked confiscation. Therefore, Norman members of the nobility were governed as interdependent clans, which allowed them to obtain and maintain charters guaranteeing the duchy a measure of autonomy. It was split into two key camps, the counts of <a href="/wiki/Tancarville" title="Tancarville">Tancarville</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lords_and_Counts_of_Harcourt" title="Lords and Counts of Harcourt">counts of Harcourt</a>, which had been in conflict for generations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_II_denier_d_Or_aux_fleurs_de_lys_1351.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jean_II_denier_d_Or_aux_fleurs_de_lys_1351.jpg/220px-Jean_II_denier_d_Or_aux_fleurs_de_lys_1351.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jean_II_denier_d_Or_aux_fleurs_de_lys_1351.jpg/330px-Jean_II_denier_d_Or_aux_fleurs_de_lys_1351.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jean_II_denier_d_Or_aux_fleurs_de_lys_1351.jpg/440px-Jean_II_denier_d_Or_aux_fleurs_de_lys_1351.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption>A <i>denier d'or aux fleurs de lys</i> from John's reign (1351)</figcaption></figure> <p>Tension arose again in 1341. King Philip, worried about the richest area of the kingdom breaking into bloodshed, ordered the <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiffs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bayeux" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotentin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotentin">Cotentin</a> to quell the dispute. <a href="/wiki/Geoffroy_d%27Harcourt" title="Geoffroy d'Harcourt">Geoffroy d'Harcourt</a> raised troops against the king, rallying a number of nobles protective of their autonomy and against royal interference. The rebels demanded that Geoffroy be made duke, thus guaranteeing the autonomy granted by the charter. Royal troops took the castle at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte" title="Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte">Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte</a> and Geoffroy was exiled to <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a>. Three of his companions were decapitated in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on 3 April 1344.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meeting_with_the_Avignon_Papacy_and_the_King_of_England">Meeting with the Avignon Papacy and the King of England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Meeting with the Avignon Papacy and the King of England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1342, John was in <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, then a part of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, at the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VI" title="Pope Clement VI">Pope Clement VI</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the latter part of 1343, he was a member of a peace parley with <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>'s chancery clerk.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clement VI was the fourth of seven <a href="/wiki/Avignon_pope" class="mw-redirect" title="Avignon pope">Avignon Popes</a> whose papacy was not contested, although the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">supreme pontiffs</a> would ultimately return to Rome in 1378. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Normandy_and_rising_tensions">Relations with Normandy and rising tensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relations with Normandy and rising tensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1345, increasing numbers of Norman rebels had begun to pay homage to Edward III, constituting a major threat to the legitimacy of the Valois kings. The defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a> on 26 August 1346, and the capitulation of <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> on 3 August 1347, after <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1346)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Calais (1346)">an eleven-month siege</a>, further damaged royal prestige. Defections by the nobility, whose land fell within the broad economic influence of England, particularly in the north and west, increased. Consequently, King Philip VI decided to seek a truce. Duke John met Geoffroy d'Harcourt, to whom the king agreed to return all confiscated goods, even appointing him sovereign captain in Normandy. John then approached the <a href="/wiki/Tancarville_family" title="Tancarville family">Tancarville family</a>, whose loyalty could ultimately ensure his authority in Normandy. The marriage of John, Viscount of <a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a>, to Jeanne, the only heiress of the county of Tancarville, ensured that the Melun-Tancarville party remained loyal to John, while Geoffroy d'Harcourt continued to act as defender for Norman freedoms and thus of the reforming party.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Death_and_second_marriage">Black Death and second marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Black Death and second marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 September 1349, John's wife, Bonne of Bohemia (<i>Bonne de Luxembourg</i>), died at the <a href="/wiki/Maubuisson_Abbey" title="Maubuisson Abbey">Maubuisson Abbey</a> near Paris, of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>, which was devastating <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. To escape the <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a>, John, who was living in the Parisian royal residence, the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Palais de la Cité">Palais de la Cité</a>, left Paris. </p><p>On 9 February 1350, five months after the death of his first wife, John married <a href="/wiki/Joan_I,_Countess_of_Auvergne" title="Joan I, Countess of Auvergne">Joan I, Countess of Auvergne</a>, in the royal Château de Sainte-Gemme (which no longer exists), at <a href="/wiki/Feucherolles" title="Feucherolles">Feucherolles</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="King_of_France">King of France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: King of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coronation">Coronation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coronation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philip VI, John's father, died on 22 August 1350, and John's coronation as John II, king of France, took place in <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> the following 26 September. Joanna, his second wife, was crowned queen of France at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_jana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jan_jana.jpg/260px-Jan_jana.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jan_jana.jpg/390px-Jan_jana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jan_jana.jpg/520px-Jan_jana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1893" /></a><figcaption>John being crowned King of France with his second wife Joan </figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1350, King John had <a href="/wiki/Raoul_II_of_Brienne,_Count_of_Eu" title="Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu">Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu</a> seized and summarily executed,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for reasons that remain unclear, although it was rumoured that he had pledged the English the County of <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%AEnes" title="Guînes">Guînes</a> for his release from captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negotiations_and_falling_out_with_Navarre">Negotiations and falling out with Navarre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Negotiations and falling out with Navarre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_the_Good_king_of_Fra_ordering_the_arrest_of_Charles_the_Bad_king_of_Navarre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/John_the_Good_king_of_Fra_ordering_the_arrest_of_Charles_the_Bad_king_of_Navarre.jpg/260px-John_the_Good_king_of_Fra_ordering_the_arrest_of_Charles_the_Bad_king_of_Navarre.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/John_the_Good_king_of_Fra_ordering_the_arrest_of_Charles_the_Bad_king_of_Navarre.jpg/390px-John_the_Good_king_of_Fra_ordering_the_arrest_of_Charles_the_Bad_king_of_Navarre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/John_the_Good_king_of_Fra_ordering_the_arrest_of_Charles_the_Bad_king_of_Navarre.jpg/520px-John_the_Good_king_of_Fra_ordering_the_arrest_of_Charles_the_Bad_king_of_Navarre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1626" /></a><figcaption>Arrest of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles of Navarre</a> at Rouen in 1356 (<i><a href="/wiki/Froissart%27s_Chronicles" title="Froissart's Chronicles">Chroniques de Froissart</a></i>, Loyset Liedet, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BnF</a>, Manuscrit français 2 643 fº 197v).</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1354, John's son-in-law and cousin, <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II of Navarre</a>, who, in addition to his <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Kingdom of Navarre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees mountains</a>, bordering between France and Spain, also held extensive lands in Normandy, was implicated in the assassination of the <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_France" title="Constable of France">Constable of France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_la_Cerda" title="Charles de la Cerda">Charles de la Cerda</a>, who was the favorite of King John. Nevertheless, in order to have a strategic ally against the English in <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a>, John signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Mantes" title="Treaty of Mantes">Treaty of Mantes</a> with Charles on 22 February 1354. The peace did not last between the two, and Charles eventually struck up an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster">Henry of Grosmont</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lancaster" title="Duke of Lancaster">Duke of Lancaster</a>. </p><p>The following year, on 10 September 1355 John and Charles signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Valognes" title="Treaty of Valognes">Treaty of Valognes</a>, but this second peace lasted hardly any longer than the first, culminating in a highly dramatic event where, during a banquet on 5 April 1356 at the <a href="/wiki/Rouen_Castle" title="Rouen Castle">Royal Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> attended by the King's son <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles</a>, Charles II of Navarre, and a number of Norman magnates and notables of the French king burst through the door in full armor, swords in hand, along with his entourage, which included the king's brother <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Valois,_Duke_of_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip of Valois, Duke of Orleans">Phillip</a>, younger son <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Anjou" title="Louis I of Anjou">Louis</a> and cousins, as well as over a hundred fully armed knights waiting outside. John lunged over and grabbed Charles of Navarre shouting, "let no one move if he does not want to be dead with this sword." With John's son, <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> Charles, the banquet host, on his knees pleading for him to stop, the King grabbed Navarre by the throat and pulled him out of his chair yelling in his face, "Traitor, you are not worthy to sit at my son's table!"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then ordered the arrests of all the guests including Navarre and, in what many considered to be a rash move as well as a political mistake, he had John, the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Harcourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Harcourt">Count of Harcourt</a> and several other Norman lords and notables summarily executed later that night in a yard nearby while he stood watching.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This act, which was largely driven by revenge for Charles of Navarre's and John of Harcourt's pre-meditated plot that killed John's favorite, Charles de La Cerda, would push much of what remaining support the King had from the lords in Normandy away to King Edward and the English camp, setting the stage for the English invasion and the resulting <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers" title="Battle of Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</a> in the months to come.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Battle of Poitiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/John_II_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/John II of France">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1355, the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> had flared up again, and in July 1356, <a href="/wiki/Edward,_the_Black_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward, the Black Prince">Edward, the Black Prince</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, took an army on a great <i><a href="/wiki/Chevauch%C3%A9e" title="Chevauchée">chevauchée</a></i> through France. John pursued him with an army of his own. In September the two forces met a few miles southeast of <a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a>. </p><p>John was confident of victory—his army was probably twice the size of his opponent's—but he did not immediately attack. While he waited, the <a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">papal legate</a> went back and forth, trying to negotiate a truce between the leaders. There is some debate over whether the Black Prince wanted to fight at all. He offered his wagon train, which was heavily loaded with loot. He also promised not to fight against France for seven years. Some sources claim that he even offered to return <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> to the French crown. John countered by demanding that 100 of the Prince's best knights surrender themselves to him as hostages, along with the Prince himself. No agreement could be reached. Negotiations broke down, and both sides prepared for combat. </p><p>On the day of the battle, John and 17 knights from his personal guard dressed identically. This was done to confuse the enemy, who would do everything possible to capture the sovereign on the field. In spite of this precaution, following the destruction and routing of the massive force of French knights at the hands of the ceaseless English <a href="/wiki/Longbow" title="Longbow">longbow</a> volleys, John was captured as the English force charged to finish their victory. Though he fought with valour, wielding a large battle-axe, his helmet was knocked off. Surrounded, he fought on until Denis de Morbecque, a French exile who fought for England, approached him. </p><p>"Sire," Morbecque said. "I am a knight of <a href="/wiki/Artois" title="Artois">Artois</a>. Yield yourself to me and I will lead you to the Prince of Wales." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrender_and_capture">Surrender and capture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Surrender and capture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/John_II_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/John II of France">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>King John surrendered by handing him his glove. That night King John dined in the red silk tent of his enemy. The Black Prince attended to him personally. He was then taken to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, and from there to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The Battle of Poitiers would be one of the major military disasters not just for France, but at any time during the Middle Ages. </p><p>While negotiating a peace accord, John was at first held in the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Palace" title="Savoy Palace">Savoy Palace</a>, then at a variety of locations, including <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertford_Castle" title="Hertford Castle">Hertford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerton_Castle" title="Somerton Castle">Somerton Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted_Castle" title="Berkhamsted Castle">Berkhamsted Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>, and briefly at King John's Lodge, formerly known as Shortridges, in <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>. Eventually, John was taken to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prisoner_of_the_English">Prisoner of the English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Prisoner of the English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ransom_of_King_John_II_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Ransom of King John II of France">Ransom of King John II of France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_le_Bon_letter_from_Windsor_to_his_son_Charles_about_Pierre_de_la_Batut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jean_le_Bon_letter_from_Windsor_to_his_son_Charles_about_Pierre_de_la_Batut.jpg/220px-Jean_le_Bon_letter_from_Windsor_to_his_son_Charles_about_Pierre_de_la_Batut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jean_le_Bon_letter_from_Windsor_to_his_son_Charles_about_Pierre_de_la_Batut.jpg/330px-Jean_le_Bon_letter_from_Windsor_to_his_son_Charles_about_Pierre_de_la_Batut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jean_le_Bon_letter_from_Windsor_to_his_son_Charles_about_Pierre_de_la_Batut.jpg/440px-Jean_le_Bon_letter_from_Windsor_to_his_son_Charles_about_Pierre_de_la_Batut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="1822" /></a><figcaption>Letter of Jean le Bon during his captivity in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a>, to his son <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles</a> about Pierre de la Batut</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg/220px-Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg/330px-Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg/440px-Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1814" data-file-height="1814" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/Franc" title="Franc">franc</a> ever minted, the "Franc à cheval", was minted upon Jean le Bon's return from captivity from 5 December 1360, and featured combative imagery. Gold, 24 <a href="/wiki/Carat_(purity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carat (purity)">karat</a>, 3.73g. Its weight is the account value of one <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois">livre tournois</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As a prisoner of the English, John was granted royal privileges that permitted him to travel about and enjoy a regal lifestyle. At a time when law and order was breaking down in France and the government was having a hard time raising money for the defence of the realm, his account books during his captivity show that he was purchasing horses, pets, and clothes while maintaining an astrologer and a court band. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty_of_Brétigny"><span id="Treaty_of_Br.C3.A9tigny"></span>Treaty of Brétigny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Treaty of Brétigny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Br%C3%A9tigny" title="Treaty of Brétigny">Treaty of Brétigny</a> (drafted in May 1360) set his ransom at an astounding 3 million <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu" title="Écu">crowns</a>, roughly two or three years worth of revenue for the French Crown, which was the largest national budget in Europe during that period. On 30 June 1360 John left the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> and proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Eltham_Palace" title="Eltham Palace">Eltham Palace</a> where <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Queen Philippa</a> had prepared a great farewell entertainment. Passing the night at Dartford, he continued towards Dover, stopping at the <a href="/wiki/Maison_Dieu,_Faversham" title="Maison Dieu, Faversham">Maison Dieu of St Mary</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ospringe" title="Ospringe">Ospringe</a>, and paying homage at the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral#Trinity_Chapel_and_Shrine_of_Thomas_Becket" title="Canterbury Cathedral">shrine of St Thomas Becket</a> at <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a> on 4 July. He dined with the <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Black_Prince" title="Edward the Black Prince">Black Prince</a>—who had negotiated the Treaty of Brétigny<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—at <a href="/wiki/Dover_Castle" title="Dover Castle">Dover Castle</a>, and reached English-held <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> on 8 July.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leaving his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Anjou" title="Louis I of Anjou">Louis of Anjou</a> in Calais as a replacement hostage to guarantee payment, John was allowed to return to France to raise the funds. The Treaty of Brétigny was ratified in October 1360. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louis'_escape_and_return_to_England"><span id="Louis.27_escape_and_return_to_England"></span>Louis' escape and return to England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Louis' escape and return to England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 July 1363, King John was informed that Louis had broken his parole and escaped from Calais. Troubled by the dishonour of this action, and the arrears in his ransom, John gathered his royal council to announce that he would voluntarily return to captivity in England and negotiate with Edward in person.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When faced with the opposition of his advisors, the king famously replied that "if good faith were banned from the Earth, she ought to find asylum in the hearts of kings".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately after he appointed his son <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles</a> the Duke of Normandy to be regent and governor of France until his return.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John landed in England in January 1364 where he was met by Sir <a href="/wiki/Alan_Buxhull" title="Alan Buxhull">Alan Buxhull</a>, Sir Richard Pembridge and Lord Burghersh at Dover, to be conducted to Eltham and the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Palace" title="Savoy Palace">Savoy Palace</a> and was warmly welcomed in London in January 1364. He was received with great honour, and was a frequent guest of Edward at Westminster.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months after his arrival, however, he fell ill with an unknown malady. He died at the Savoy Palace in April 1364. His body was returned to France, where he was interred in the royal chambers at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis Basilica">Saint Denis Basilica</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality">Personality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_strength">Physical strength</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Physical strength"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adoubement1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Adoubement1.jpg/220px-Adoubement1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Adoubement1.jpg/330px-Adoubement1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Adoubement1.jpg/440px-Adoubement1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>John II ennobling his knights, BNF</figcaption></figure> <p>John suffered from fragile health. He engaged little in physical activity, practised <a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">jousting</a> rarely, preferring hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporaries report that he was quick to get angry and resort to violence, leading to frequent political and diplomatic confrontations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He enjoyed literature and was patron to painters and musicians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image">Image</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Image"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_funeral_procession_of_Jean_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_funeral_procession_of_Jean_II.jpg/220px-The_funeral_procession_of_Jean_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_funeral_procession_of_Jean_II.jpg/330px-The_funeral_procession_of_Jean_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_funeral_procession_of_Jean_II.jpg/440px-The_funeral_procession_of_Jean_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>The funeral procession of Jean II</figcaption></figure> <p>The image of a "warrior king" probably emerged from the courage he displayed at the Battle of Poitiers, where he dismounted to fight in the forefront of his surrounded men with a <a href="/wiki/Poleaxe" title="Poleaxe">poleaxe</a> in his hands,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_(France)" title="Order of the Star (France)">Order of the Star</a>. This was guided by political need, as John was determined to prove the legitimacy of his crown, particularly as his reign, like that of his father, was marked by continuing disputes over the Valois claim from both <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II of Navarre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> From a young age, John was called to resist the decentralising forces affecting the cities and the nobility, each attracted either by English economic influence or the reforming party. He grew up among intrigue and treason, and in consequence he governed in secrecy only with a close circle of trusted advisers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_relationships">Personal relationships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Personal relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He took as his wife <a href="/wiki/Bonne_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonne of Bohemia">Bonne of Bohemia</a> and fathered 11 children in eleven years. Due to his close relationship with his favourite <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_la_Cerda" title="Charles de la Cerda">Charles de la Cerda</a>, partisans of Charles II of Navarre derided the king for "having no other God than him".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Cerda was given various honours and appointed to the high position of <i><a href="/wiki/Constable_of_France" title="Constable of France">connetable</a></i> when John became king; he accompanied the king on all his official journeys to the provinces. La Cerda's rise at court excited the jealousy of the French barons, several of whom stabbed him to death in 1354. La Cerda's fate paralleled that of <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piers_Gaveston,_1st_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall">Piers Gaveston</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Castile" title="John II of Castile">John II of Castile</a>'s <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Luna" title="Álvaro de Luna">Álvaro de Luna</a>; the position of a royal <a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">favourite</a> was a dangerous one. John's grief on La Cerda's death was overt and public.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of John II of France</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme87_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme87-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles I, Count of Valois</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme100_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme100-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_France" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France">Isabella of Aragon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme87_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme87-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" title="Charles II of Naples">Charles II of Naples</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme100_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme100-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Countess_of_Anjou" title="Margaret, Countess of Anjou">Margaret, Countess of Anjou</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme100_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme100-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Hungary,_Queen_of_Naples" title="Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples">Mary of Hungary</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme100_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme100-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>John II of France</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_IV,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy">Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme542_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme542-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Robert_II,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Robert II, Duke of Burgundy">Robert II, Duke of Burgundy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme103_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme103-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Duchess_of_Burgundy" title="Yolande of Dreux, Duchess of Burgundy">Yolande of Dreux</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme542_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme542-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Joan_the_Lame" title="Joan the Lame">Joan of Burgundy</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme83_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme83-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_France,_Duchess_of_Burgundy" title="Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy">Agnes of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme103_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme103-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anselme83_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anselme83-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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.sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="width:19em;border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="font-weight:bold;">French monarchy</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_(Ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/90px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/135px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg/180px-Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_France_%28Ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: lavender; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; text-align: left;"> <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philip, Duke of Orléans">Philip, Duke of Orléans</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: lavender; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; text-align: left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John II</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Anjou" title="Louis I of Anjou">Louis I of Anjou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John, Duke of Berry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Bold" title="Philip the Bold">Philip the Bold</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: lavender; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; text-align: left;"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Valois,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans">Louis, Duke of Orléans</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: lavender; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; text-align: left;"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michelle_of_Valois" title="Michelle of Valois">Michelle of Valois</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: lavender; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; text-align: left;"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Valois,_Duc_de_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Valois, Duc de Berry">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: lavender; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; text-align: left;"> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><i>Children</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: lavender; border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; text-align: left;"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right: 5px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Valois_sidebar" title="Template:House of Valois sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Valois_sidebar" title="Template talk:House of Valois sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Valois_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Valois sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 July 1332, at the age of 13, John was married to <a href="/wiki/Bonne_of_Luxembourg" title="Bonne of Luxembourg">Bonne of Luxembourg</a> (d. 1349), daughter of <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="John, King of Bohemia">John, King of Bohemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their children were: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a> (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380)<sup id="cite_ref-Keane17_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keane17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Catherine (1338–1338) died young</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I, Duke of Anjou">Louis I, Duke of Anjou</a> (23 July 1339 – 20 September 1384), married <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Blois,_Duchess_of_Anjou" title="Marie of Blois, Duchess of Anjou">Marie of Blois</a><sup id="cite_ref-Keane17_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keane17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John, Duke of Berry</a> (30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416), married <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Armagnac" title="Joan of Armagnac">Jeanne of Auvergne</a><sup id="cite_ref-Keane17_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keane17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Bold" title="Philip the Bold">Philip II, Duke of Burgundy</a> (17 January 1342 – 27 April 1404), married <a href="/wiki/Margaret_III,_Countess_of_Flanders" title="Margaret III, Countess of Flanders">Margaret of Flanders</a><sup id="cite_ref-Keane17_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keane17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Valois,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre">Joan</a> (24 June 1343 – 3 November 1373), married <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles II (the Bad) of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-Keane17_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keane17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Valois_(1344-1404)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of Valois (1344-1404)">Marie</a> (12 September 1344 – October 1404), married <a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert I, Duke of Bar">Robert I, Duke of Bar</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Agnes (9 December 1345 – April 1350)</li> <li>Margaret (20 September 1347 – 25 April 1352)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_of_Valois_(1348-1372)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabelle of Valois (1348-1372)">Isabelle</a> (1 October 1348 – 11 September 1372), married <a href="/wiki/Giangaleazzo_Visconti" class="mw-redirect" title="Giangaleazzo Visconti">Gian Galeazzo I, Duke of Milan</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>On 19 February 1350, at the royal <i>Château de Sainte-Gemme</i>, John married <a href="/wiki/Joanna_I_of_Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Joanna I of Auvergne">Joanna I of Auvergne</a> (d. 1361), <a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Auvergne">Countess of Auvergne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Boulogne" title="Count of Boulogne">Boulogne</a>. Joanna was the widow of <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Burgundy,_Count_of_Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip of Burgundy, Count of Auvergne">Philip of Burgundy</a>, the deceased heir of that duchy, and the mother of the young <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Philip I, Duke of Burgundy">Philip I, Duke of Burgundy</a> (1344–61) who became John's stepson and ward. John and Joanna had three children, all of whom died shortly after birth: </p> <ol><li>Blanche (b. November 1350)</li> <li>Catherine (b. early 1352)</li> <li>a son (b. early 1353)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession">Succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Jitka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jan_Jitka.jpg/220px-Jan_Jitka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="444" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Jan_Jitka.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>John's family tree </figcaption></figure> <p>John II was succeeded by his son, Charles, who reigned as <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a>, known as <i>The Wise.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_of_rue_Vieille-du-Temple" title="Treasure of rue Vieille-du-Temple">Treasure of rue Vieille-du-Temple</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_France&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Autrand1994" class="citation book cs1">François Autrand (1994). <i>Charles V le Sage</i>. Paris: Fayard. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+V+le+Sage&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Autrand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Autrand, Françoise, <i>Charles V</i>, Fayard, Paris, 1994, 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Favier, Jean, <i>La Guerre de Cent Ans</i>, Fayard, Paris, 1980, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Papal Coronations in Avignon</i>, Bernard Schimmelpfennig, <i>Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual</i>, ed. János M. Bak, (University of California Press, 1990), pp. 191–192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sumption, Jonathan, <i>Trial by Battle: The Hundred Years War I</i>, Faber & Faber, 1990, p. 436.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Autrand, Françoise, <i>Charles V</i>, Fayard, Paris, 1994, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnselme_de_Sainte-Marie1726" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n9lEAAAAcAAJ"><i>Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France</i></a> [<i>Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France</i>] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires. p. 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique+et+chronologique+de+la+maison+royale+de+France&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=105&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=La+compagnie+des+libraires&rft.date=1726&rft.aulast=Anselme+de+Sainte-Marie&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A8re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn9lEAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Michael. "The last Capetians and early Valois Kings, 1314–1364", Michael Jones, <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 6, c. 1300 – c. 1415</i>, (Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuchman1978" class="citation book cs1">Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/distantmirrorcal00tuch"><i>A Distant Mirror : The Calamitous 14th Century</i></a>. Knopf. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-40026-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-40026-6"><bdi>978-0-394-40026-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Distant+Mirror+%3A+The+Calamitous+14th+Century&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-394-40026-6&rft.aulast=Tuchman&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Wertheim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdistantmirrorcal00tuch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAutrand1994" class="citation book cs1">Autrand, Françoise (1994). <i>Charles V : le Sage</i>. Paris: Fayard. p. 909. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-213-02769-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-213-02769-2"><bdi>2-213-02769-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+V+%3A+le+Sage&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=909&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=2-213-02769-2&rft.aulast=Autrand&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorel_d’Hauterive" class="citation book cs1">Borel d’Hauterive, André. <i>Notice Historique de la Noblesse</i> (Tome 2 ed.). p. 391.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notice+Historique+de+la+Noblesse&rft.pages=391&rft.edition=Tome+2&rft.aulast=Borel+d%E2%80%99Hauterive&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt1889" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hunt, William (1889). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Edward the Black Prince"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Edward_the_Black_Prince">"Edward the Black Prince" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 17. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 90–101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edward+the+Black+Prince&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=90-101&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span> , citing <i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rymer#Foedera" title="Thomas Rymer">Fœdera</a></i>, iii, 486; Chandos, l. 1539</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penrhyn_Stanley" title="Arthur Penrhyn Stanley">Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalcanterbur00stanuoft"><i>Historical Memorials of Canterbury</i></a>. London: J. M. Dent & Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalcanterbur00stanuoft/page/234">234</a>, 276–279.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Memorials+of+Canterbury&rft.place=London&rft.pages=234%2C+276-279&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26+Co.&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Penrhyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricalcanterbur00stanuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Autrand, Françoise, <i>Charles V</i>, Fayard, Paris, 1994, p. 446.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosto2012" class="citation book cs1">Kosto, Adam J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HbTTn3C3GtYC&pg=PA163"><i>Hostages in the Middle Ages</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199651702" title="Special:BookSources/9780199651702"><bdi>9780199651702</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hostages+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199651702&rft.aulast=Kosto&rft.aufirst=Adam+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHbTTn3C3GtYC%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bouillet, Marie-Nicolas, <i>Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie</i>, Librairie Hachette, Paris, 1878, p. 954.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Froissart, <i>Chronicles</i>, translator Geoffrey Brereton, Penguin Classics, Baltimore, 1968, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Froissart, <i>Chronicles</i>, translator Geoffrey Brereton, Penguin Classics, Baltimore, 1968, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Autrand, Françoise, <i>Charles V</i>, Fayard, Paris, 1994, 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Froissart, <i>Chronicles</i>, translator Geoffrey Brereton, Penguin Classics, Baltimore, 1968, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Françoise Autrand, Charles V, Fayard 1994, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anselme100-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme100_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme100_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme100_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme100_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anselme 1726, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anselme103-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme103_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme103_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anselme 1726, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anselme87-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme87_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme87_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anselme 1726, pp. 87–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anselme542-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme542_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme542_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anselme 1726, pp. 542–544</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anselme83-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme83_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anselme83_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anselme 1726, pp. 83–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joni M. Hand, <i>Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550</i>, (Ashgate Publishing, 2013), 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keane17-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keane17_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keane17_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keane17_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keane17_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keane17_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marguerite Keane, <i>Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398)</i>, (Brill, 2016), 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean de Venette, <i>The Chronicle of Jean de Venette</i>, translator Jean Birdsall, editor Richard A. Newhall, (Columbia University Press, 1953), 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallo1995" class="citation book cs1">Gallo, F. Alberto (1995). <i>Music in the Castle: Troubadours, Books, and Orators in Italian Courts of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Centuries</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+the+Castle%3A+Troubadours%2C+Books%2C+and+Orators+in+Italian+Courts+of+the+Thirteenth%2C+Fourteenth%2C+and+Fifteenth+Centuries&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Gallo&rft.aufirst=F.+Alberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+II+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>John II of France </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 16 April 1319</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 8 April 1364</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">King of France</a> </b><br />1350-1364 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">French nobility</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a> </b><br />1332-1350 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Philippe_VI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe VI of France">Philip</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Anjou">Count of Anjou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Maine">Maine</a> </b><br />1332-1350 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I, Duke of Anjou">Louis I</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_France" title="Template talk:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of France</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs" title="Family tree of French monarchs">Detailed family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_French_monarchs_(simple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of French monarchs (simple)">Simplified family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_kings" title="List of Frankish kings">List of Frankish kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">List of French monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> (509–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_I" title="Childebert I">Childebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_I" title="Chlothar I">Chlothar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charibert_I" title="Charibert I">Charibert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntram" title="Guntram">Guntram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_I" title="Chilperic I">Chilperic I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_I" title="Sigebert I">Sigebert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_II" title="Childebert II">Childebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_II" title="Chlothar II">Chlothar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_I" title="Dagobert I">Dagobert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_II" title="Sigebert II">Sigebert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_III" title="Chlothar III">Chlothar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_II" title="Childeric II">Childeric II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_IV" title="Clovis IV">Clovis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childebert_III" title="Childebert III">Childebert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_III" title="Dagobert III">Dagobert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilperic_II" title="Chilperic II">Chilperic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothar_IV" title="Chlothar IV">Chlothar IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_IV" title="Theuderic IV">Theuderic IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childeric_III" title="Childeric III">Childeric III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> (751–987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (Charles I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_France" title="Odo of France">Odo</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Rudolph</a><sup><i>B</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> (987–1328)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> (1328–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></i> <i>(1422–1453)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1804–1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1814–1815; 1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis XIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henry V</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> (1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Louis Philippe II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Counts_of_Poitiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Poitou_Counts" title="Template:Poitou Counts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poitou_Counts" title="Template talk:Poitou Counts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poitou_Counts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poitou Counts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counts_of_Poitiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Poitiers" title="Count of Poitiers">Counts of Poitiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guerin</li> <li>Hatton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_d%27Herbauges" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaud d'Herbauges">Renaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard,_Count_of_Poitiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard, Count of Poitiers">Bernard I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emenon" title="Emenon">Emenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulf_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Ranulf I of Aquitaine">Ranulf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulf_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Ranulf II of Aquitaine">Ranulf II</a></li> <li>Gauzbert</li> <li>Robert I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebalus,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine">Ebalus</a></li> <li>Aymar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebalus,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine">Ebalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William III, Duke of Aquitaine">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IV, Duke of Aquitaine">William II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William V, Duke of Aquitaine">William III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_VI,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William VI, Duke of Aquitaine">William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Gascony" title="Odo of Gascony">Eudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_VII,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William VII, Duke of Aquitaine">William V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_VIII,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine">William VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_X,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William X, Duke of Aquitaine"> William VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="William IX, Count of Poitiers">William IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard,_1st_Earl_of_Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="Alphonse, Count of Poitiers">Alphonse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Touraine" title="John, Duke of Touraine">John III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles</a></li> <li>François</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg/75px-Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg/113px-Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg/150px-Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* Count through marriage</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dukes_of_Normandy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norman_Dukes" title="Template:Norman Dukes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norman_Dukes" title="Template talk:Norman Dukes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norman_Dukes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norman Dukes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dukes_of_Normandy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Dukes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Normandy" title="House of Normandy">House of Normandy</a> <br />911–1135</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rollo" title="Rollo">Rollo</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Longsword" title="William Longsword">William I</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy" title="Richard I of Normandy">Richard I</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_II,_Duke_of_Normandy" title="Richard II, Duke of Normandy">Richard II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III,_Duke_of_Normandy" title="Richard III, Duke of Normandy">Richard III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Normandy" title="Robert I, Duke of Normandy">Robert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William II</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Curthose" title="Robert Curthose">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adelin" title="William Adelin">William (III)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Blois" title="House of Blois">House of Blois</a> <br />1135–1144</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">Stephen</a>**</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a> <br />1144–1259</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King" title="Henry the Young King">Henry the Young King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard IV</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> <br />(French appanage)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John</a> (1332–1350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles</a> (1355–1364)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Valois,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry">Charles</a> (1465–1469)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* As <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Rouen" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Rouen">count of Rouen</a> • ** Also <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">king of England</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hundred_Years&#039;_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Template:Hundred Years' War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Template talk:Hundred Years' War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hundred Years' War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hundred_Years&#039;_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Second War of Scottish Independence">Second War of Scottish Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1337%E2%80%931360" title="Hundred Years' War, 1337–1360">Edwardian phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Breton_Succession" title="War of the Breton Succession">War of the Breton Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Two_Peters" title="War of the Two Peters">War of the Two Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Civil_War" title="Castilian Civil War">Castilian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1369%E2%80%931389" title="Hundred Years' War, 1369–1389">Caroline phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despenser%27s_Crusade" title="Despenser's Crusade">Despenser's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Portuguese_interregnum" title="1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum">1383–1385 Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War,_1415%E2%80%931453" title="Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453">Lancastrian phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac%E2%80%93Burgundian_Civil_War" title="Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War">Armagnac–Burgundian conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Black_Prince" title="Edward the Black Prince">Edward the Black Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford" title="John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford">John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot,_1st_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury">John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br /> events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hundred_Years%27_War_battles" title="List of Hundred Years' War battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevauch%C3%A9e" title="Chevauchée">Chevauchées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac%E2%80%93Burgundian_Civil_War" title="Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War">Armagnacs and Burgundians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquerie" title="Jacquerie">Jacquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Breton_Succession" title="War of the Breton Succession">War of the Breton Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Civil_War" title="Castilian Civil War">Castilian Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Omer" title="Battle of Saint-Omer">Battle of Saint-Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy" title="Battle of Crécy">Battle of Crécy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poitiers" title="Battle of Poitiers">Battle of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baug%C3%A9" title="Battle of Baugé">Battle of Baugé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cravant" title="Battle of Cravant">Battle of Cravant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Brossini%C3%A8re" title="Battle of La Brossinière">Battle of La Brossinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verneuil" title="Battle of Verneuil">Battle of Verneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Herrings" title="Battle of the Herrings">Battle of the Herrings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patay" title="Battle of Patay">Battle of Patay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Formigny" title="Battle of Formigny">Battle of Formigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon">Battle of Castillon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169992#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169992#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169992#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120193795">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81066878">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119424399">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119424399">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean II <re di Francia>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBNV082069">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0076313&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p308136969">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000304019&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jlnrrq1lc88kq">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810681314405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/108616">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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