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href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%86%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="小亚细亚">小亚细亚</a>，1299年，<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a>建立，1453年5月29号，攻陷君士坦丁堡，灭东罗马帝国，16世纪达到鼎盛，统治区域地跨欧、亚、非三大洲，17世纪末期开始衰落。19世纪末，奥匈积极向奥斯曼帝国扩张，加剧奥匈搭俄拉中东个争夺。1914年拉<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>中加入同盟国作战，1918年战败。根据《凡尔赛和约》，土耳其丧失大片领土。1919年凯末尔发动民族解放战争，1923年10月29号成立土耳其共和国。</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">安纳托利亚地区个古典时代</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">拜占庭时期</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">突厥人</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AA%E4%BC%A0%E5%85%A5"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">伊斯兰教个传入</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%A7%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%881037-1194%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">大塞尔柱帝国（1037-1194年）</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%86%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%AA%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%881077-1308%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">小亚细亚个罗姆苏丹国（1077-1308年）</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%881299-1922%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">奥斯曼帝国（1299-1922年）</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%881923%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A%EF%BC%89"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">土耳其共和国（1923年至今）</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="安纳托利亚地区个古典时代"><span id=".E5.AE.89.E7.BA.B3.E6.89.98.E5.88.A9.E4.BA.9A.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA.E4.B8.AA.E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3"></span>安纳托利亚地区个古典时代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：安纳托利亚地区个古典时代" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint" style="font-size:small"> 主文章：<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="安纳托利亚历史（页面弗存在）">安纳托利亚历史</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <p>从亚伯拉罕到诺亚方舟所停泊个亚拉拉特山，安纳托利亚拉圣经时代就已拉文明史上扮演重要地位。哈梯人、鲁维人搭胡里特人相继占领小亚细亚后，印欧人便攻陷哈图沙。公元前1800年到前1170年，赫梯人兴起。拉<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E6%A2%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="赫梯帝国（页面弗存在）">赫梯帝国</a>于公元前1170年崩溃后，安纳托利亚地区出现政治真空。于是交关多讲印欧语个民族，搭仔“海上民族”纷纷迁入迭一地区，形成一波移民浪潮。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="拜占庭时期"><span id=".E6.8B.9C.E5.8D.A0.E5.BA.AD.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>拜占庭时期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：拜占庭时期" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>324年，<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>皇帝君士坦丁大帝奈首都迁至拜占庭，成为罗马人新个中心，迭一时期现代土耳其所在地区成为了帝国个主要兵源地搭粮食产地，东罗马帝国（拜占庭）一直基本维持着安纳托利亚地区个控制，直到1071年曼齐克特战役拜占庭帝国惨败，并迅速丧失了小亚细亚绝大部分地区个领土。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="突厥人"><span id=".E7.AA.81.E5.8E.A5.E4.BA.BA"></span>突厥人</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：突厥人" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>突厥人是阿尔泰山一带个游牧部落，民族成分复杂，中国史书称之为“杂胡”。起初臣属于柔然，兴盛后灭柔然，于550年建立<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="突厥汗国">突厥汗国</a>。583年，突厥汗国拉搭隋朝个战争中失败后分裂为东突厥、西突厥；东突厥搭隋朝个屡次战争中失败而走向衰落。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="伊斯兰教个传入"><span id=".E4.BC.8A.E6.96.AF.E5.85.B0.E6.95.99.E4.B8.AA.E4.BC.A0.E5.85.A5"></span>伊斯兰教个传入</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：伊斯兰教个传入" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>公元622年，伊斯兰教拉阿拉伯半岛兴起。伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德后裔建立阿拉伯帝国，经过统伐等事情，建立倭马亚王朝、阿拔斯王朝、法蒂玛王朝等，并奈伊斯兰教传入突厥人。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="大塞尔柱帝国（1037-1194年）"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.A1.9E.E5.B0.94.E6.9F.B1.E5.B8.9D.E5.9B.BD.EF.BC.881037-1194.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>大塞尔柱帝国（1037-1194年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：大塞尔柱帝国（1037-1194年）" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>乌古斯人酋长塞尔柱原住拉锡尔河东岸，后来为了避免西喀喇汗个侵略，后南下由孙子拉1037年建立大塞尔柱帝国。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="小亚细亚个罗姆苏丹国（1077-1308年）"><span id=".E5.B0.8F.E4.BA.9A.E7.BB.86.E4.BA.9A.E4.B8.AA.E7.BD.97.E5.A7.86.E8.8B.8F.E4.B8.B9.E5.9B.BD.EF.BC.881077-1308.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>小亚细亚个罗姆苏丹国（1077-1308年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：小亚细亚个罗姆苏丹国（1077-1308年）" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>1077年苏莱曼沙阿一世建国。1095年乌尔班二世发起十字军。当罗姆苏丹国灭亡后，迭个王国分裂成30多个小候国，其中就有一个比较大个侯国叫奥斯曼，奥斯曼侯国逐渐吞并别样个侯国，并成功击退外族入侵，建立奥斯曼帝国。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="奥斯曼帝国（1299-1922年）"><span id=".E5.A5.A5.E6.96.AF.E6.9B.BC.E5.B8.9D.E5.9B.BD.EF.BC.881299-1922.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>奥斯曼帝国（1299-1922年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：奥斯曼帝国（1299-1922年）" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint" style="font-size:small"> 主文章：<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <p>突厥人所建立个一个帝国，创立者为奥斯曼一世。奥斯曼人初居中亚，建立奥斯曼帝国，并奉伊斯兰教为国教，后迁到小亚细亚，日渐兴盛。极盛辰光势力达欧亚非三大洲，领有南欧、巴尔干半岛、中东搭北非个大部分领土，西达直布罗陀海峡，东抵里海搭波斯湾，北到奥地利搭斯洛文尼亚，南到苏丹搭也门。自消灭东罗马帝国后，定都拉君士坦丁堡、改名伊斯坦布尔。</p> <p>奥斯曼帝国是15世纪到19世纪唯一能挑战崛起个欧洲国家个伊斯兰势力，但是奥斯曼帝国终弗能抵挡近代化欧洲国家个冲击，于19世纪初趋于末落。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="土耳其共和国（1923年至今）"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E8.80.B3.E5.85.B6.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9B.BD.EF.BC.881923.E5.B9.B4.E8.87.B3.E4.BB.8A.EF.BC.89"></span>土耳其共和国（1923年至今）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：土耳其共和国（1923年至今）" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>出生拉马其顿个穆斯塔法·凯末尔实现<a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="青年土耳其党（页面弗存在）">青年土耳其党</a>多年以来个梦想：建立一个现代化个土耳其民族国家。1923年《洛桑条约》个签订洗刷《色佛尔条约》个耻辱，并让外国势力撤离土耳其领土。现代土耳其个边境确定下来。</p> <p>从1920-30年代，土耳其开始采用格里高利历，让渠搭西方社会而非中东接轨。并改革字母表，采用罗马字母，废除阿拉伯字母，规范土耳其个标准语言。</p> <p>阿塔图尔克个继任人，伊斯梅特·伊纳尼小心翼翼个弗让土耳其卷入第二次世界大战，战争结束后，土耳其成了美国个同盟国。</p> <p>1980年，军队成立人们普遍恐惧个国家安全委员会，弗过还是允许1983年进行大选恢复民主，结果土耳其祖国党领袖图尔古特·厄扎尔鸁得大多数选票。厄扎尔推行一系列重要个现代化经济搭法律改革，让土耳其融入国际社会中，并为乃朝土耳其迅速发展播下种子。</p>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> 取自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%26oldid%3D276659">https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=土耳其历史&oldid=276659</a>” </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> 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href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&variant=wuu-hans&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="wuu-Hans" hreflang="wuu-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-wuu-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&variant=wuu-hant&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="wuu-Hant" hreflang="wuu-Hant"><span>正體</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="تاريخ تركيا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ تركيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Turqu%25C3%25ADa" title="Historia de Turquía – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia de Turquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25BCrkiy%25C9%2599_tarixi" title="Türkiyə tarixi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə tarixi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D3%2599_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2585%25D1%258B" title="Төркиә тарихы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә тарихы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="История на Турция – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="История на Турция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="তুরস্কের ইতিহাস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুরস্কের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istor_Turkia" title="Istor Turkia – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istor Turkia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija_Turske" title="Historija Turske – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Historija Turske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%25C3%25B2ria_de_Turquia" title="Història de Turquia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de Turquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="مێژووی تورکیا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژووی تورکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C4%259Bjiny_Turecka" title="Dějiny Turecka – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Turecka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanes_Twrci" title="Hanes Twrci – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hanes Twrci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiets_historie" title="Tyrkiets historie – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiets historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2599%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A4%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CF%2581%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Ιστορία της Τουρκίας – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιστορία της Τουρκίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Turkey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_de_Turkio" title="Historio de Turkio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio de Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Turqu%25C3%25ADa" title="Historia de Turquía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiako_historia" title="Turkiako historia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiako historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="تاریخ ترکیه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkin_historia" title="Turkin historia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkin historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Turquie" title="Histoire de la Turquie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de la Turquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Turqu%25C3%25ADa" title="Historia de Turquía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia de Turquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2594_%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C_%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="היסטוריה של טורקיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היסטוריה של טורקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="तुर्की का इतिहास – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की का इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povijest_Turske" title="Povijest Turske – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povijest Turske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured articles"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B6r%25C3%25B6korsz%25C3%25A1g_t%25C3%25B6rt%25C3%25A9nelme" title="Törökország történelme – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökország történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D6%2580%25D6%2584%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B4%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Թուրքիայի պատմություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքիայի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Turki" title="Sejarah Turki – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Turkia" title="Historio di Turkia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_della_Turchia" title="Storia della Turchia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia della Turchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2582%25B3%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%25AD%25B4%25E5%258F%25B2" title="トルコの歴史 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="თურქეთის ისტორია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქეთის ისტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%258A%2580%25EB%25A5%25B4%25ED%2582%25A4%25EC%2598%2588%25EC%259D%2598_%25EC%2597%25AD%25EC%2582%25AC" title="튀르키예의 역사 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25AEroka_Tirkiyey%25C3%25AA" title="Dîroka Tirkiyeyê – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dîroka Tirkiyeyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijos_istorija" title="Turkijos istorija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkijos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcijas_v%25C4%2593sture" title="Turcijas vēsture – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcijas vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Историја на Турција – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја на Турција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%2586_%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582" title="തുർക്കിയുടെ ചരിത്രം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കിയുടെ ചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Turkije" title="Geschiedenis van Turkije – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkias_historie" title="Tyrkias historie – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkias historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%25C3%25B2ria_de_Turquia" title="Istòria de Turquia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istòria de Turquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25BE_%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Turcji" title="Historia Turcji – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Turcji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE" title="ترکی دی تریخ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکی دی تریخ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25DB%2590_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE" title="د ترکیې تاریخ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ترکیې تاریخ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%25C3%25B3ria_da_Turquia" title="História da Turquia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História da Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria_Turciei" title="Istoria Turciei – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istoria Turciei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="История Турции – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Турции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taariikhda_Turkiga" title="Taariikhda Turkiga – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Taariikhda Turkiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_e_Turqis%25C3%25AB" title="Historia e Turqisë – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia e Turqisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5" title="Историја Турске – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја Турске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiets_historia" title="Turkiets historia – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiets historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_ya_Uturuki" title="Historia ya Uturuki – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Historia ya Uturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%2581" title="துருக்கியின் வரலாறு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கியின் வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25BCrkiye_tarihi" title="Türkiye tarihi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkiye tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2585%25D1%258B" title="Төркия тарихы – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркия тарихы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Історія Туреччини – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Туреччини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25DB%2581" title="تاریخ ترکیہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاریخ ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya_tarixi" title="Turkiya tarixi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiya tarixi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25E1%25BB%258Bch_s%25E1%25BB%25AD_Th%25E1%25BB%2595_Nh%25C4%25A9_K%25E1%25BB%25B3" title="Lịch sử Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A8_%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="თურქეთიშ ისტორია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეთიშ ისტორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" 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