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<section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <table class="box-خاوێنکردن plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <b>ئەم وتارە لەوانەیە پێویستی بە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویکیپیدیا:خاوێنکردن">خاوێنکردن</a> ھەبێت تا بگات بە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویکیپیدیا:شێواز">شێوازی ستانداردی نووسین</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> ھیچ <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95:%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86/doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="داڕێژە:خاوێنکردن/doc">ھۆکارێک بۆ خاوێنکردن</a> دیاری نەکراوە. تکایە یارمەتی بدەن بۆ <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D9%2585%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%26action%3Dedit">باشترکردنی ئەم وتارە</a>.</span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>مێژووی تورکیا</b> مێژووی ئەو ناوچەیە دەگرێتەوە کە ئێستا خاکی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="کۆماری تورکیا">کۆماری تورکیا</a> پێکدەھێنێت، مێژووی ھەردوو <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%DA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ناوچەی ئەنادۆڵ (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">ناوچەی ئەنادۆڵ</a> (بەشی ئاسیای تورکیا) و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="تراکیای ڕۆژھەڵات (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">تراکیای ڕۆژھەڵات</a> (بەشی ئەورووپای تورکیا) لەخۆ دەگرێت.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg/220px-W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/W._%2526_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg/330px-W._%2526_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/W._%2526_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg/440px-W._%2526_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4676" data-file-height="3626"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Map-of-Ottoman-Empire-in-1900-Spanish.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Map-of-Ottoman-Empire-in-1900-Spanish.svg/220px-Map-of-Ottoman-Empire-in-1900-Spanish.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Map-of-Ottoman-Empire-in-1900-Spanish.svg/330px-Map-of-Ottoman-Empire-in-1900-Spanish.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Map-of-Ottoman-Empire-in-1900-Spanish.svg/440px-Map-of-Ottoman-Empire-in-1900-Spanish.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2647" data-file-height="1660"></a> <figcaption> نەخشەی قەڵەمڕەویی دەوڵەتی عوسمانی </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ckb" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">پێڕست</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95_%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86"><span class="tocnumber">١</span> <span class="toctext">سەردەمە دێرینەکان</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86"><span class="tocnumber">٢</span> <span class="toctext">تورک و عوسمانییەکان</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7"><span class="tocnumber">٣</span> <span class="toctext">کۆماری تورکیا</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86"><span class="tocnumber">٤</span> <span class="toctext">کودەتا سەربازییەکان</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95"><span class="tocnumber">٥</span> <span class="toctext">ئەمانەش ببینە</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86"><span class="tocnumber">٦</span> <span class="toctext">سەرچاوەکان</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86"><span class="tocnumber">٧</span> <span class="toctext">بەستەرە دەرەکییەکان</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="سەردەمە_دێرینەکان"><span id=".D8.B3.DB.95.D8.B1.D8.AF.DB.95.D9.85.DB.95_.D8.AF.DB.8E.D8.B1.DB.8C.D9.86.DB.95.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>سەردەمە دێرینەکان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: سەردەمە دێرینەکان" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دەستکاری</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG/220px-Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG/220px-Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG/330px-Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG/440px-Ephesus_CelsusBibliothek_IMG_5463.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> کتێبخانەیەک لە شاری ئیفسوسی ئیغریقی دێرین لە ئەنادۆڵ، دەگەڕێتەوە بۆ ١٢٥ پ. ز </figcaption> </figure> <p>ئاسەوارناسەکانی تورکیا بەڵگەیەکیان دۆزییەوە کە ئاماژە بە بوونی کۆمەڵگەی پێشکەوتوو دەکات لە شوێنی تورکیای ئێستادا لە ساڵی ٦٠٠٠ پێش زایینەوە، و بەپێی ئەوەی لە ڕووی مێژوویییەوە نووسراوە، <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ھیتییەکان">ھیتییەکان</a> بۆ یەکەم جار ئەم ناوچانەیان ئاوەدان کردووەتەوە، لە ساڵەکانی ٢٠٠٠ پ. ز ھیتییەکان دەستیان بە کۆچکردن کرد لە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئەورووپا">ئەورووپا</a> و ناوەڕاستی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئاسیا">ئاسیاوە</a> بۆ بەرزایییەکانی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%DA%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئەنادۆڵ">ئەنادۆڵ</a>. دوای سەدان ساڵ ئەم ھیتییانە توانیان دەست بگرن بەسەر زۆربەی ناوچەکەدا، و لە ساڵی ١٥٠٠پ. ز توانیان ئیمپڕاتۆرییەتێکی بەھێز دابمەزرێنن و ببن بە یەکەم سەرکردەکانی ناوچەکە، دواتر بەشێکی فراوانی بەرزایییەکانی ئەنادۆڵ کەوتە دەستی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="فەریجی">فەریجی</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="لیدییەکان">لیدییەکان</a> و ھەندێک کۆمەڵی تر، ئەمەش لە ماوەی نزیکەی ساڵی ١٢٠٠ تا ٥٠٠ پ. ز بوو، ھەر لە ھەمان ماوەدا <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="یۆنان">یۆنانییەکان</a> چەندین دەوڵەتی بچووکییان دروست کرد لەسەر کەنارەکانی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەریای ئێژە">دەریای ئێژە</a> لە بەرزایییەکانی ئەنادۆڵدا.</p> <p>و ئیمپڕاتۆری فارسی توانی دەسەڵاتی بکێشێت بەسەر <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%DA%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئەنادۆڵ">ئەنادۆڵ</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="تراقیا">تراقیادا</a> ھەتا گەیشتنی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئەسکەندەری مەزن">ئەسکەندەری مەزن</a>، پاشای <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="مەقدوونیا">مەقدوونیا</a>، ئەو کاتە سوپای فارس شکان لە ساڵی ٣٣١پ. ز، لە دوای مردنی ئەسکەندەری گەورە ساڵی ٣٢٣پ. ز ناوچەی ئەنادۆڵ بوو بە مەیدانی شەڕ و کوشتار لە زنجیرەی ئەو شەڕانەی جێنشینەکانی ئەسکەندەر ھەڵیان دەگیرساند، پاشان چەند مەمالیکێکی بچووک دامەزران ھەتا ساڵی ٦٣پ. ز، دواتر کۆتاییان پێھات کاتێک سەرکردەی بۆمبی دەستی گرت بەسەر ھەرێمەکەدا و کۆنتڕۆڵی کرد، لە دوای ئەوە بارودۆخەکە جێگیر بوو لەژێر <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ئیمپڕاتۆڕی ڕۆمانی">دەسەڵاتی ڕۆمانییدا</a> کە نزیکەی ٤٠٠ ساڵ بەردەوام بوو.</p> <p>ئیمپڕاتۆری ڕۆمانی، قوستەنتیین، کە حوکمی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ئیمپڕاتۆڕی ڕۆمانی">ئیمپڕاتۆڕی ڕۆمانی</a> دەکرد لە ساڵی ٣٣٠ز، ھەستا بە گواستنەوەی پایتەخت لە ڕۆماوە بۆ یەکێک لە شارە دێرینەکان کە بە بیزەنتە ناودەبرا و دەکەوتە ھەرێمی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="تراقیا">تراقیا</a>. و ناوی پایتەخت گۆڕا لە بیزەنتەوە بۆ قوستەنتینییە (ئەم شارە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ئیستەنبوڵ">ئیستەنبوڵی</a> ئێستایە)، و ئیمپڕاتۆری ڕۆمانی بوو بە دوو بەشەوە لە ساڵی ٣٩٥ز دا، یەکێکیان <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ئیمپڕاتۆڕی ڕۆمانی ڕۆژھەڵاتی">ئیمپڕاتۆڕی ڕۆمانی ڕۆژھەڵاتی</a> بوو کە ناوچەکانی ئەنادۆڵ و تراقیای دەگرتەوە، و بەشی دووەمیان <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ئیمپڕاتۆڕی ڕۆمانی ڕۆژاوایی (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">ئیمپڕاتۆڕی ڕۆمانی ڕۆژاوایی</a> بوو. <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="خەڵکی بەربەر">بەبەرەکان</a> غەزووی ڕۆمانی ڕۆژاواییان کرد و دەستیان بەسەردا گرت لە ناوەڕاستی سەدەی پێنجی زایینیدا، بەڵام ڕۆمانی ڕۆژھەڵاتی کە بە ئیمپڕاتۆری بیزەنتیش ناو دەبرا ماوەیەک گەشەسەندنی بەخۆوە بینی، و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="بیزەنتییەکان">بیزەنتییەکان</a> دەستیان بەسەر ھەموو ئەو ناوچانەدا گرتبوو کە ئێستا بە تورکیا ناسراون ھەتا کۆتایییەکانی سەدەی ١١ی زایینی.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="تورک_و_عوسمانییەکان"><span id=".D8.AA.D9.88.D8.B1.DA.A9_.D9.88_.D8.B9.D9.88.D8.B3.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.86.DB.8C.DB.8C.DB.95.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>تورک و عوسمانییەکان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: تورک و عوسمانییەکان" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دەستکاری</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1031708">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> ئەمانەش ببینە: <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="دەوڵەتی عوسمانی">دەوڵەتی عوسمانی</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="دەوڵەتی سەلجوقی">دەوڵەتی سەلجوقی</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/220px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="509"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/220px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/330px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/440px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> مزگەوتی سەلیمی لە ئەدەرنە، یەکێک لە ئاسەوارە بیناسازییە ناسراوەکانی سەردەمی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="عوسمانی">عوسمانی</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>تورکە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="سەلجووقییەکان">سەلجووقییەکان</a> یەکەم ھۆزی تورکی بوون کە حوکمی تورکیایان کردووە، ھۆزێکی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئیسلام">ئیسلام</a> بوون لە ناوەڕاستەکانی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئاسیا">ئاسیا</a> لە ڕۆژھەڵاتی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="دەریای کاسپیەن">دەریای کاسپیەنەوە</a> ھاتبوون، لە ناوەندی سەدەی ١١ی زایینی توانیان <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئەرمەنستان">ئەرمەنستان</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فەلەستین">فەلەستین</a> و زۆربەی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئێران">ئێران</a> بخەنە ژێر دەسەڵاتی خۆیانەوە و پاشان غەزووی ناوچەی ئەنادۆڵیان کرد، سالی ١٠٧١ توانیان زۆر لە بەھێزی دەرکەوتنی بیزەنتییەکان کەم بکەنەوە بە سەرکەوتنیان لە شەڕی مەڵازگرد، پاشان تورکە سەلجوقییەکان ئیمپڕاتۆرییەتێکیان دامەزراند کە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قۆنیە">قۆنیەی</a> ئێستا پایتەختی بوو، لەو کاتەوە وردە وردە ئایینی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئیسلام">ئیسلام</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="تورکی">زمانی تورکی</a> ناوچەکانی ئەنادۆڵی گرتەوە لە جێگەی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مەسیحییەت">مەسیحییەت</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="زمانی یۆنانی">زمانی یۆنانی</a>، پاشان مەسیحییەکانی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئەورووپا">ئەورووپا</a> <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ھەڵمەتە خاچپەرستییەکان">ھەڵمەتە خاچپەرستییەکانیان</a> دەست پێکرد بە مەبەستی داگیرکرنی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="قودس">قودس</a> و لەم میانەیەشدا <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ئیمپڕاتۆڕی بیزەنتی">ئیمپڕاتۆڕی بیزەنتی</a> توانی سێ یەکی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%DA%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ئەنادۆڵ">ئەنادۆڵ</a> بگیڕێتەوە بۆ خۆی، و ئیمپڕاتۆری سەلجوقی بەردەوام بوو تا ساڵی ١٢٤٣ز پاشان ڕووبەڕووی غەزووی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%BA%DB%86%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مەغۆل">مەغۆلەکان</a> بوویەوە.</p> <p>مەغۆل لاواز بوون بەھۆی ناکۆکی ناوخۆیییەوە پاشان داڕمان، لەم میانەیشدا دەسەڵاتی تورکی بەھێز بوو لە ئەنادۆڵدا، لە سەدەی ١٤ی زایینیدا لەسەر دەستی کۆمەڵێکی تورک دەوڵەتێکی بەھێز دامەزرا کە بە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="عوسمانییەکان">عوسمانییەکان</a> ناسرابوون بە گەڕاندنەوە بۆ ناوی دامەزرێنەرەکەیان <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="سوڵتان عوسمانی یەکەم">سوڵتان عوسمانی یەکەم</a>، سالی ١٣٢٦ز <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="پارێزگای بورسا">بۆرسەیان</a> گرت و کردیان بە پایتەخت بۆ دەوڵەتەکەیان، فراوانبوون دەستی پێکرد ھەتا دەستی گرت بەسەر <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ئیمپڕاتۆڕی بیزەنتی">ئیمپڕاتۆڕی بیزەنتی</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بولگاریا">بولگاریا</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="سربیا">سربیا</a>، پاشان ماوەیەک فراوانبوونەکەی وەستا بەھۆی تێکشکانی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بایەزیدی یەکەم">بایەزیدی یەکەم</a> ناسراو بە (ھەورە بروسکە) لە ساڵی ١٤٠٢ز، ئەم شکانە ماوەیەکی پێکدادانی سیاسی بە دواداھات، پاشان <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="دەوڵەتی عوسمانی">دەوڵەتی عوسمانی</a> ھاوسەنگییەکەی گەڕاندەوە و بەردەوام بوو لە فراوانبوون لە سەردەمی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="موڕادی دووەم">موڕادی دووەم</a> دواتر <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="سوڵتان محەممەد فاتیح (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">سوڵتان محەممەد فاتیح</a>، توانی فەتحی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="قوستەنتینیە">قوستەنتینیە</a> بکات لە ساڵی ١٤٥٣ز و کردیان بە پایتەخت بۆ دەوڵەتەکەیان و ناوەکەی گۆڕی بۆ ئیسلامبول (ئیتسەنبوڵی ئێستا) و بەمەش کۆتایی بە بوونی بیزەنتی ھێنا لە ناوچەکەدا.</p> <p>بەردەوام بوون لەسەر فراوانبوون و گەشەسەندن، لەسەردەمی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="سوڵتان سەلیمی یەکەم">سوڵتان سەلیمی یەکەمدا</a> بە لای ڕۆژھەڵاتدا دەوڵەت فراوان بوو، <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="سووریا">سووریایان</a> گرت لە ساڵی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A5%D9%A1%D9%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="١٥١٦">١٥١٦</a> و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="میسر">میسر</a> لە سالی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A5%D9%A1%D9%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="١٥١٧">١٥١٧</a> و پاشان لە سەردەمی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="سوڵتان سولەیمان قانونی">سوڵتان سولەیمان قانونی</a> کە لە ئەورووپادا بە سولەیمانی مەزن ناسراوە دەوڵەت گەیشتە بەرزترین ئاستی و پێشکەوتن و گەشەسەندنێکی گەورەی بەخۆیەوە بینی و سنووری دەوڵەتەکەی فراوان کرد، بەڵام دواتر چەند قۆناغێکی گەڕانە دواوەی بەخۆوە بینی ھەرچەن چەند ماوەیەکی گەشەسەندن و چاکسازی تری ھەبوو، بەڵام لە ئاستی ئەوەدا نەبوون بیگەڕێننەوە بۆ دۆخی پێشتری.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="کۆماری_تورکیا"><span id=".DA.A9.DB.86.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C_.D8.AA.D9.88.D8.B1.DA.A9.DB.8C.D8.A7"></span>کۆماری تورکیا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: کۆماری تورکیا" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دەستکاری</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="دەوڵەتی عوسمانی">دەوڵەتی عوسمانی</a> کۆتایی پێھات و <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%81%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="مستەفا کەمال ئەتاتورک">مستەفا کەمال ئەتاتورک</a> بە تەواوی خەلافەتی ھەڵوەشاندەوە لە ساڵی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A2%D9%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="١٩٢٤">١٩٢٤ز</a> و تورکیا لە دوای <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="شەڕی جیھانی یەکەم">شەڕی جیھانی یەکەم</a> بزووتنەوەیەکی نەتەوەیی بەخۆیەوە بینی کە ئەتاتورک سەرکردایەتی دەکرد، دوای ئەوەی کۆماری تورکیا ڕاگەیەنرا و سەرۆکایەتییەکەی گرتە دەست لە ساڵی ١٩٢٣ز ھەتا مردنی لە ساڵی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A3%D9%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="١٩٣٨">١٩٣٨</a>، و بنەما ئیسلامییەکانی گۆڕی بۆ <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%95%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="عەلمانی">عەلمانی</a> و نووسینی لە تورکیا لە <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="زمانی عەرەبی">عەرەبییەوە</a> گۆڕی بۆ <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="زمانی لاتینی">زمانی لاتینی</a>، پاشان لە دوای ئەوە (عیسمەت یونیو) دەسەڵاتی حوکمی گرتە دەست تا ساڵی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A5%D9%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="١٩٥٠">١٩٥٠ز</a>، و بەدوایدا حوکمی شارستانی (ئەھلی) دەستی پێکرد تا ساڵی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A7%D9%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="١٩٧٣">١٩٧٣</a>، پاشان سەربازەکان حوکمیان گرتە دەست، ئەمەش بوو بەھۆی بارودۆخێکی ناجێگیر لە تورکیادا و توندوتیژی سەری ھەڵدا لە ساڵی <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A8%D9%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="١٩٨٠">١٩٨٠ز</a>، و حکوومەتی تورکیا دووچاری ناڕەزایی کورد و ئەرمەن بویەوە.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="کودەتا_سەربازییەکان"><span id=".DA.A9.D9.88.D8.AF.DB.95.D8.AA.D8.A7_.D8.B3.DB.95.D8.B1.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.B2.DB.8C.DB.8C.DB.95.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>کودەتا سەربازییەکان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: کودەتا سەربازییەکان" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دەستکاری</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ئەمانەش_ببینە"><span id=".D8.A6.DB.95.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.86.DB.95.D8.B4_.D8.A8.D8.A8.DB.8C.D9.86.DB.95"></span>ئەمانەش ببینە</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: ئەمانەش ببینە" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دەستکاری</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="درەختی خێزانیی سوڵتانە عوسمانییەکان">درەختی خێزانیی سوڵتانە عوسمانییەکان</a></li> <li><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%95%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="خەلافەت">خەلافەت</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="سەرچاوەکان"><span id=".D8.B3.DB.95.D8.B1.DA.86.D8.A7.D9.88.DB.95.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>سەرچاوەکان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: سەرچاوەکان" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دەستکاری</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li>بەشداربووانی ویکیپیدیا، «<bdi><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7">تاریخ ترکیا</a></span></bdi>»، <a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ویکیپیدیای عەرەبی">ویکیپیدیای عەرەبی</a>. سەردان لە ١٣ی ئابی ٢٠٢٠.</li> </ul> <p><br></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="بەستەرە_دەرەکییەکان"><span id=".D8.A8.DB.95.D8.B3.D8.AA.DB.95.D8.B1.DB.95_.D8.AF.DB.95.D8.B1.DB.95.DA.A9.DB.8C.DB.8C.DB.95.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.86"></span>بەستەرە دەرەکییەکان</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: بەستەرە دەرەکییەکان" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دەستکاری</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">کۆمنزی ویکیمیدیا، میدیای پەیوەندیدار بە <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Turkey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:History of Turkey">مێژووی تورکیا</a></b></i> تێدایە.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul class="bandeau-portail وێنۆچکەکان" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:مێژووی ئیسلام">دەروازەی مێژووی ئیسلام</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:مێژوو"> <noscript> <img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/P_history.png/32px-P_history.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="68"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/P_history.png/32px-P_history.png" data-alt="ھێمای دەروازە" data-width="32" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/P_history.png/48px-P_history.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/P_history.png/63px-P_history.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:مێژوو">دەروازەی مێژوو</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:ئەورووپا"> <noscript> <img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/28px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/28px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" data-alt="ھێمای دەروازە" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/42px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/56px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:ئەورووپا">دەروازەی ئەورووپا</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:ئیسلام">دەروازەی ئیسلام</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:کۆمەڵگا"> <noscript> <img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P_Society.png/31px-P_Society.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="183"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P_Society.png/31px-P_Society.png" data-alt="ھێمای دەروازە" data-width="31" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P_Society.png/46px-P_Society.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P_Society.png/61px-P_Society.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:کۆمەڵگا">دەروازەی کۆمەڵگا</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:ئابووری"> <noscript> <img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" data-alt="ھێمای دەروازە" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:ئابووری">دەروازەی ئابووری</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین"> <noscript> <img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="ھێمای دەروازە" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="دەروازە:ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین">دەروازەی ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین</a></span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> وەرگیراو لە «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%26oldid%3D1290165">https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=مێژووی_تورکیا&oldid=1290165</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ckb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="AramBot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1724244450"> <span>دواجار لە ‏١٢:٤٧ی ‏٢١ی ئابی ٢٠٢٤ دەستکاری کراوە</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>زمانەکان</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25AEroka_Tirkiyey%25C3%25AA" title="Dîroka Tirkiyeyê – کوردی" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dîroka Tirkiyeyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کوردی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="تاريخ تركيا – عەرەبی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ تركيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عەرەبی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Turqu%25C3%25ADa" title="Historia de Turquía – ئاستۆری" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia de Turquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ئاستۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25BCrkiy%25C9%2599_tarixi" title="Türkiyə tarixi – ئازەربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə tarixi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ئازەربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D3%2599_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2585%25D1%258B" title="Төркиә тарихы – باشکیەر" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә тарихы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکیەر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="История на Турция – بۆلگاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="История на Турция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بۆلگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="তুরস্কের ইতিহাস – بەنگلادێشی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুরস্কের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بەنگلادێشی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istor_Turkia" title="Istor Turkia – برێتونی" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istor Turkia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برێتونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija_Turske" title="Historija Turske – بۆسنی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Historija Turske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بۆسنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%25C3%25B2ria_de_Turquia" title="Història de Turquia – كاتالۆنی" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de Turquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="كاتالۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C4%259Bjiny_Turecka" title="Dějiny Turecka – چێکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Turecka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چێکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanes_Twrci" title="Hanes Twrci – وێلزی" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hanes Twrci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="وێلزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiets_historie" title="Tyrkiets historie – دانماركی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiets historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانماركی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2599%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A4%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CF%2581%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Ιστορία της Τουρκίας – یۆنانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιστορία της Τουρκίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یۆنانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey – ئینگلیزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Turkey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ئینگلیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_de_Turkio" title="Historio de Turkio – ئێسپیرانتۆ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio de Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ئێسپیرانتۆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Turqu%25C3%25ADa" title="Historia de Turquía – ئیسپانی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ئیسپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiako_historia" title="Turkiako historia – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiako historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="تاریخ ترکیه – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkin_historia" title="Turkin historia – فینلەندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkin historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Turquie" title="Histoire de la Turquie – فەرەنسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de la Turquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فەرەنسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Turqu%25C3%25ADa" title="Historia de Turquía – گالیسی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia de Turquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2594_%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C_%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="היסטוריה של טורקיה – عیبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היסטוריה של טורקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عیبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="तुर्की का इतिहास – هیندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की का इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هیندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povijest_Turske" title="Povijest Turske – كرواتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povijest Turske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="كرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="وتاری ھەڵبژێردراو"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B6r%25C3%25B6korsz%25C3%25A1g_t%25C3%25B6rt%25C3%25A9nelme" title="Törökország történelme – هەنگاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökország történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هەنگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D6%2580%25D6%2584%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B4%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Թուրքիայի պատմություն – ئەرمەنی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքիայի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ئەرمەنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Turki" title="Sejarah Turki – ئیندۆنیزی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ئیندۆنیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Turkia" title="Historio di Turkia – ئیدۆ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ئیدۆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_della_Turchia" title="Storia della Turchia – ئیتالی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia della Turchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ئیتالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2582%25B3%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%25AD%25B4%25E5%258F%25B2" title="トルコの歴史 – ژاپۆنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="თურქეთის ისტორია – گۆرجستانی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქეთის ისტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="گۆرجستانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%258A%2580%25EB%25A5%25B4%25ED%2582%25A4%25EC%2598%2588%25EC%259D%2598_%25EC%2597%25AD%25EC%2582%25AC" title="튀르키예의 역사 – كۆری" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="كۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijos_istorija" title="Turkijos istorija – لیتوانی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkijos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcijas_v%25C4%2593sture" title="Turcijas vēsture – لێتۆنی" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcijas vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لێتۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Историја на Турција – ماكێدۆنی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја на Турција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ماكێدۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%2586_%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582" title="തുർക്കിയുടെ ചരിത്രം – مالایالام" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കിയുടെ ചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالام" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Turkije" title="Geschiedenis van Turkije – هۆڵەندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkias_historie" title="Tyrkias historie – نەرویژیی بۆکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkias historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نەرویژیی بۆکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%25C3%25B2ria_de_Turquia" title="Istòria de Turquia – ئۆکسیتانی" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istòria de Turquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ئۆکسیتانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25BE_%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ – پەنجابی" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پەنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Turcji" title="Historia Turcji – پۆڵەندی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Turcji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE" title="ترکی دی تریخ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکی دی تریخ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25DB%2590_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE" title="د ترکیې تاریخ – پەشتوو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ترکیې تاریخ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پەشتوو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%25C3%25B3ria_da_Turquia" title="História da Turquia – پورتوگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História da Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتوگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria_Turciei" title="Istoria Turciei – ڕۆمانی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istoria Turciei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ڕۆمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="История Турции – ڕووسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Турции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taariikhda_Turkiga" title="Taariikhda Turkiga – سۆمالی" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Taariikhda Turkiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="سۆمالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_e_Turqis%25C3%25AB" title="Historia e Turqisë – ئەڵبانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia e Turqisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ئەڵبانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5" title="Историја Турске – سربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја Турске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiets_historia" title="Turkiets historia – سویدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiets historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_ya_Uturuki" title="Historia ya Uturuki – سواهیلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Historia ya Uturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%2581" title="துருக்கியின் வரலாறு – تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கியின் வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25BCrkiye_tarihi" title="Türkiye tarihi – تورکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkiye tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="تورکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2585%25D1%258B" title="Төркия тарихы – تاتاری" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркия тарихы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%258F_%25D0%25A2%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Історія Туреччини – ئۆكراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Туреччини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ئۆكراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25DB%2581" title="تاریخ ترکیہ – ئۆردوو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاریخ ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ئۆردوو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya_tarixi" title="Turkiya tarixi – ئوزبەکی" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiya tarixi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ئوزبەکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25E1%25BB%258Bch_s%25E1%25BB%25AD_Th%25E1%25BB%2595_Nh%25C4%25A9_K%25E1%25BB%25B3" title="Lịch sử Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – ڤیەتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ڤیەتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%259F%25E8%2580%25B3%25E5%2585%25B6%25E5%258E%2586%25E5%258F%25B2" title="土耳其历史 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其历史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A8_%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="თურქეთიშ ისტორია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეთიშ ისტორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%259F%25E8%2580%25B3%25E5%2585%25B6%25E5%258E%2586%25E5%258F%25B2" title="土耳其历史 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其历史" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li 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