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id="toc-Name_and_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variant_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variant_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Variant names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variant_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ingredients_and_preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ingredients_and_preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ingredients and preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ingredients_and_preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rituals_and_religious_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rituals_and_religious_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rituals and religious significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rituals_and_religious_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rituals and religious significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rituals_and_religious_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_Sabbath_meal_procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_Sabbath_meal_procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Traditional Sabbath meal procedure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_Sabbath_meal_procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Salting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_challah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_challah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Special challah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special_challah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special challah subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special_challah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rosh_Hashanah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosh_Hashanah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rosh Hashanah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosh_Hashanah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shlissel_challah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shlissel_challah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><span><i>Shlissel</i></span> challah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shlissel_challah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challah_rolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challah_rolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Challah rolls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challah_rolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_breads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_breads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Similar breads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_breads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B2)" title="حلة (خبز) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلة (خبز)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хала – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хала" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27hallah" title="C'hallah – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'hallah" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halah" title="Halah – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Halah" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chala" title="Chala – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chala" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challa" title="Challa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Challa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jal%C3%A1" title="Jalá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jalá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4alao" title="Ĥalao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥalao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="نان خالا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نان خالا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallah" title="Hallah – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hallah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC_(%EC%9D%8C%EC%8B%9D)" title="할라 (음식) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할라 (음식)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challah" title="Challah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Challah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challah" title="Challah – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Challah" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%94" title="חלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challah" title="Challah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Challah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="ხალა (პური) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხალა (პური)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%A1" title="Halá – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Halá" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barhesz" title="Barhesz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Barhesz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%87" title="حله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challah" title="Challah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Challah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challe" title="Challe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Challe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="ハッラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハッラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C5%82ka" title="Chałka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chałka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chal%C3%A1" title="Chalá – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chalá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challah" title="Challah – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Challah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хала – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хала" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challa" title="Challa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Challa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хала – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хала" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%94" title="חלה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="חלה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%B5%E5%8C%85" title="哈拉麵包 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈拉麵包" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q790433#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Special bread in Jewish cuisine and religion</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the type of bread. For the separation tithe of challah, see <a href="/wiki/Dough_offering" title="Dough offering">Dough offering</a>. For the Mishnaic tractate, see <a href="/wiki/Challah_(tractate)" title="Challah (tractate)">Challah (tractate)</a>. For more meanings of the word, see <a href="/wiki/Challa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Challa (disambiguation)">Challa</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Challah</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Challah_Bread_Six_Braid_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Challah_Bread_Six_Braid_1.JPG/250px-Challah_Bread_Six_Braid_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Challah_Bread_Six_Braid_1.JPG/375px-Challah_Bread_Six_Braid_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Challah_Bread_Six_Braid_1.JPG/500px-Challah_Bread_Six_Braid_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Challah sprinkled with <a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seed">sesame seeds</a></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">khala, khale, chałka, kitke, berkhes, barches, bukhte, dacher, koylatch, koilitsh, shtritsl, kozunak</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Bread</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">Eggs</a>, fine <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">white flour</a>, water, <a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast" title="Baker's yeast">yeast</a>, sugar and salt</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Challah" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Challah">Media: Challah</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Challah</b> or <b>hallah</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">(K)HAH</span>-lə</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חַלָּה</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ḥallā</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[χaˈla,<span class="wrap"> </span>ħalˈlaː]</a></span>; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> [<i>c</i>]<i>hallot</i>, [<i>c</i>]<i>halloth</i> or [<i>c</i>]<i>hallos</i>, Hebrew: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חַלּוֹת</span>), also known as <b>berches</b> in Central Europe, is a special <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a>, usually braided and typically eaten on ceremonial occasions such as <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and major <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish holiday">Jewish holidays</a> (other than <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>). </p><p>Ritually acceptable challah is made of dough from which a small portion has been set aside as an offering. Challah may also refer to the <a href="/wiki/Dough_offering" title="Dough offering">dough offering</a>. The word is biblical in origin, meaning "loaf".<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers,15:20_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers,15:20-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar (usually braided) breads with mainly the same ingredients include <a href="/wiki/Brioche" title="Brioche">brioche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalach_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalach (food)">kalach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozunak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozunak">kozunak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">panettone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulla">pulla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsoureki" title="Tsoureki">tsoureki</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1no%C4%8Dka" title="Vánočka">vánočka</a> found across <a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European cuisines</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_origins">Name and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dough_offering" title="Dough offering">Dough offering</a></div> <p>The term <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><i lang="hbo">challah</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a> meant a kind of loaf or cake.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">targum</a> is <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text"><span lang="arc" dir="rtl">גריצא</span></span> (pl. <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text"><span lang="arc" dir="rtl">גריצן</span></span>, var. <a href="/wiki/Classical_Syriac_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Syriac language">Classical Syriac</a>: <span lang="syc" dir="rtl">ܓܪܝܨܐ / ܓܪܝܣܐ</span>) which also means loaf.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word derives from the root <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><i lang="hbo">chet-lamed-lamed</i></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><i lang="hbo">hallal</i></span>), which means "pierced." According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_K%C3%B6hler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Köhler (page does not exist)">Ludwig Köhler</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_K%C3%B6hler" class="extiw" title="de:Ludwig Köhler">de</a>]</span>, <i>challah</i> was a sort of bread with a central hole, designed to hang over a post.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a> terminology, <i>challah</i> often refers to the portion of dough which must be separated before baking, and set aside as a <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since the biblical verse which commands this practice refers to the separated dough as a "<i>challah</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers,15:20_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers,15:20-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of separating this dough sometimes became known as <i>separating challah</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">הפרשת חלה</span></span>) or <i>taking challah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-aish_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aish-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The food made from the balance of the dough is also called <i>challah.</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The obligation applies to any loaf of bread, not only to the Shabbat bread, but it is traditional to intentionally bake bread for the Sabbath in such a manner as to obligate oneself, in order to dignify the Shabbat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a>, the term <i>challah</i> came to refer to the whole of the loaf from which <i>challah</i> is taken.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sephardic_Rose-Encrusted_Challah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sephardic_Rose-Encrusted_Challah.jpg/220px-Sephardic_Rose-Encrusted_Challah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sephardic_Rose-Encrusted_Challah.jpg/330px-Sephardic_Rose-Encrusted_Challah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sephardic_Rose-Encrusted_Challah.jpg/440px-Sephardic_Rose-Encrusted_Challah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Rose-encrusted Challah Bread, Based on a recipe by <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Jawhara_Pi%C3%B1er" title="Hélène Jawhara Piñer">Hélène Jawhara Piñer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Food historian <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Jawhara_Pi%C3%B1er" title="Hélène Jawhara Piñer">Hélène Jawhara Piñer</a>, a scholar of medieval <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic cuisine">Sephardic cuisine</a>, has suggested that a recipe for a leavened and braided bread found in a 13th century Arabic cookbook from Spain, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kit%C4%81b_al-%E1%B9%ACabikh_f%C4%AB_al-Maghrib_wa_al-Andalus_f%C4%AB_%CA%BDA%E1%B9%A3r_al-Muwa%E1%B8%A5%E1%B8%A5id%C4%ABn,_li-mu%CA%BDallif_majh%C5%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitāb al-Ṭabikh fī al-Maghrib wa al-Andalus fī ʽAṣr al-Muwaḥḥidīn, li-muʽallif majhūl">Kitāb al-ṭabīẖ</a></i>, may have been a precursor to challah.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This bread, which closely resembles the preparation of challah but was flavored with <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a> and fried, was described in the book as 'the making of braids,' translated into Spanish as <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><i>guedejas</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>, and can be translated to Hebrew as <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><i>peot</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Piñer's analysis, following their <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Jews_from_Spain" title="Expulsion of Jews from Spain">expulsion from Spain</a>, Sephardic Jews brought this bread northward through Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was then adopted and adapted by Ashkenazi Jews in Central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variant_names">Variant names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variant names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Challahbread.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Homebaked challah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Challahbread.jpg/220px-Challahbread.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Challahbread.jpg/330px-Challahbread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Challahbread.jpg/440px-Challahbread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Homebaked challah</figcaption></figure> <p>Challah may also be referred to as <i>cholla</i> bread.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Poland it is commonly known as <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">chałka</i></span> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈxawka]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4f\/Pl-cha%C5%82ka.ogg\/Pl-cha%C5%82ka.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-cha\u0142ka.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Pl-cha%C5%82ka.ogg/Pl-cha%C5%82ka.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-cha%C5%82ka.ogg" title="File:Pl-chałka.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; diminutive of <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">chała</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[ˈxawa]</a></span>), in Ukraine as <i>kolach</i> or <i>khala</i> and <span title="Cyrillic-script transliteration"><span>khala</span></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style><span class="Unicode">хала</span>) in Belarus and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> communities in different regions of Europe called the bread <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">khale</i></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">berkhes</i></span> or <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">barches</i></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">bukhte</i></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">dacher</i></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">kitke</i></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">koylatch</i></span> or <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">koilitsh</i></span>, or <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">shtritsl</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forward1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forward1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forward2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forward2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these names are still in use today, such as <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">kitke</i></span> in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Forward2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forward2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>koylatch</i> is cognate with the names of similar braided breads which are consumed on special occasions by other cultures outside the Jewish tradition in a number of <a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European cuisines</a>. These are the <a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kalach_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalach (food)">kalach</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a> <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">kolač</i></span>, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)" title="Kolach (bread)">kolach</a> the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a> <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/Kal%C3%A1cs" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalács">kalács</a></i></span> (in Hungary, the Jewish variant is differentiated as Bárhesz), and the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a> <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro"><a href="/wiki/Colaci" class="mw-redirect" title="Colaci">colac</a></i></span>. These names originated from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Slavic">Proto-Slavic</a> <i>kolo</i> meaning "circle", or "wheel", and refer to the circular form of the loaf.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vasmer_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasmer-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Middle East, regional Shabbat breads were simply referred to by the local word for bread, such as <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">noon</i></span> in Farsi or <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">khubz</i></span> in Arabic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ingredients_and_preparation">Ingredients and preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ingredients and preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Challah_Braiding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Challah_Braiding.jpg/275px-Challah_Braiding.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Challah_Braiding.jpg/413px-Challah_Braiding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Challah_Braiding.jpg/550px-Challah_Braiding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>Preparing braided challah</figcaption></figure> <p>Most traditional Ashkenazi challah recipes use numerous <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>, fine <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">white flour</a>, water, sugar, <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, oil (such as vegetable or canola), and salt, but "water challah" made without eggs and having a texture like <a href="/wiki/Baguette" title="Baguette">French baguette</a> also exists, which is typically suitable for those following vegan diets. Modern recipes may replace white flour with <a href="/wiki/Whole_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole wheat">whole wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oat</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a> flour or sugar with <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> or <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a>. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jewish</a> observance of <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halachah</a>, a bread with too much sugar changes the status of the bread to cake. This would change the blessing used over the bread from <a href="/wiki/Hamotzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamotzi">Hamotzi</a> (bread) to <a href="/wiki/Mezonot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezonot">Mezonot</a> (cake, dessert breads, etc.) which would invalidate it for use during the <a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a> for Shabbat.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While braided breads are sometimes found in <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic cuisine">Sephardic cuisine</a>, they are typically not challah but are variants of regional breads like <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6rek" class="mw-redirect" title="Çörek">çörek</a>, eaten by Jews and non-Jews alike. </p><p>Egg challah sometimes also contains <a href="/wiki/Raisins" class="mw-redirect" title="Raisins">raisins</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>. After the first rising, the dough is rolled into rope-shaped pieces which are braided, though local (hands in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, fish or hands in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>) and seasonal (round, sometimes with a bird's head in the centre) varieties also exist. <a href="/wiki/Poppy" title="Poppy">Poppy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> (Ashkenazi) and <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> (Sephardi) seeds may be added to the dough or sprinkled on top. Both egg and water challah are usually brushed with an egg wash before baking to add a golden sheen. </p><p>Challah is almost always <a href="/wiki/Milk_and_meat_in_Jewish_law#Classification_of_foods" title="Milk and meat in Jewish law">pareve</a> (containing neither dairy nor meat—important in the laws of <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a>), unlike <a href="/wiki/Brioche" title="Brioche">brioche</a> and other enriched European breads, which contain butter or milk as it is typically eaten with a meat meal. </p><p>Israeli breads for shabbat are very diverse, reflecting the traditions of Persian, Iraqi, Moroccan, Russian, Polish, Yemeni, and other Jewish communities who live in the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a>. They may contain <a href="/wiki/Eggs_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggs (food)">eggs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> in the dough as well as water, sugar, <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, salt, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raisins" class="mw-redirect" title="Raisins">raisins</a>. It may be topped with <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> or other seeds according to various <a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">minhagim</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rituals_and_religious_significance">Rituals and religious significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rituals and religious significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShabbatableS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ShabbatableS.jpg/220px-ShabbatableS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ShabbatableS.jpg/330px-ShabbatableS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ShabbatableS.jpg/440px-ShabbatableS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Prepared shabbat table, with challah in the foreground</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Jewish tradition, the three <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_meals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbath meals">Sabbath meals</a> (Friday night, Saturday lunch, and Saturday <a href="/wiki/Seudah_Shlishit" class="mw-redirect" title="Seudah Shlishit">late afternoon</a>) and two holiday meals (one at night and lunch the following day) each begin with two complete loaves of bread.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "double loaf" (in Hebrew: <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">לחם משנה</span></span>) commemorates the <a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">manna</a> that fell from the heavens when the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> wandered in the desert after <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a>. The manna did not fall on Sabbath or holidays; instead, a double portion would fall the day before the holiday or sabbath to last for both days.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While two loaves are set out and the blessing is recited over both, most communities only require one of them to be cut and eaten. </p><p>In some Ashkenazi customs, each loaf is woven with six strands of dough. Together, the loaves have twelve strands, alluding to the twelve loaves of the <a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">showbread</a> offering in the Temple. Other numbers of strands commonly used are three, five and seven. Occasionally, twelve are used, referred to as a "Twelve Tribes" challah. Some individuals – mostly <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a> rabbis – have twelve separate loaves on the table. </p><p>Challot - in these cases extremely large ones - are also sometimes eaten at other occasions, such as a wedding or a <a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit milah</a>, but without ritual. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_Sabbath_meal_procedure">Traditional Sabbath meal procedure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Traditional Sabbath meal procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Challa_Teller_aus_Basel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Challa_Teller_aus_Basel.jpg/220px-Challa_Teller_aus_Basel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Challa_Teller_aus_Basel.jpg/330px-Challa_Teller_aus_Basel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Challa_Teller_aus_Basel.jpg/440px-Challa_Teller_aus_Basel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Challah Platter, <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, 20th century, in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Switzerland" title="Jewish Museum of Switzerland">Jewish Museum of Switzerland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shabbat_Challos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shabbat_Challos.jpg/220px-Shabbat_Challos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shabbat_Challos.jpg/330px-Shabbat_Challos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shabbat_Challos.jpg/440px-Shabbat_Challos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>Two homemade challot covered by a traditional <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidered</a> <a href="/wiki/Challah_cover" title="Challah cover">challah cover</a></figcaption></figure> <p>It is customary to begin the evening and day Sabbath and holiday meals with the following sequence of rituals: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serwetka_szabasowa_na_cha%C5%82%C4%99,_M%C5%BB_42_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Serwetka_szabasowa_na_cha%C5%82%C4%99%2C_M%C5%BB_42_01.jpg/220px-Serwetka_szabasowa_na_cha%C5%82%C4%99%2C_M%C5%BB_42_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Serwetka_szabasowa_na_cha%C5%82%C4%99%2C_M%C5%BB_42_01.jpg/330px-Serwetka_szabasowa_na_cha%C5%82%C4%99%2C_M%C5%BB_42_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Serwetka_szabasowa_na_cha%C5%82%C4%99%2C_M%C5%BB_42_01.jpg/440px-Serwetka_szabasowa_na_cha%C5%82%C4%99%2C_M%C5%BB_42_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3044" /></a><figcaption>Interwar era challah cover for Sabbath</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The challah is covered, customarily with a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Challah_cover" title="Challah cover">challah cover</a> cloth. (Normally, in the order of saying <a href="/wiki/Bracha" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracha">blessings</a>, bread would precede wine. Covering the challah allows the <a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a> blessing to come first.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a> is recited over a cup of wine.</li> <li>Each attendee <a href="/wiki/Handwashing_in_Judaism" title="Handwashing in Judaism">ritually washes their hands</a> in preparation for eating bread. (In some communities the hands are washed before the Kiddush. It is customary not to talk between this washing and consumption of the bread.<sup id="cite_ref-Salt_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>The challah cover is removed.</li> <li>The two loaves are held up together.</li> <li>The head of the household recites the blessing over bread: "<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he">Baruch atah Adonai, eloheinu melech ha'olam, hamotzi lechem min ha'aretz</i></span>" (Translation: "Blessed are you <a href="/wiki/Hashem" title="Hashem">L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span></a> our God, King of the Universe, who brings forth bread from the earth").</li> <li>The bread (one or two, depending on <a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">minhag</a>) is sliced (or torn) and salted, and the pieces are distributed to each person at the meal to eat.</li></ul> <p>The specific practice varies. Some dip the bread into salt before the blessing on bread.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others say the blessing, cut or tear the challah into pieces, and only then dip the pieces in salt, or sprinkle them with salt, before they are eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some communities may make a nick in the bread with a cutting knife. </p><p>Normally, the custom is not to talk between washing hands and eating bread. However, according to some, if salt was not placed on the table, it is permitted to ask for someone to bring salt, before the blessing on bread is recited.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salting">Salting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Salting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salting challah is considered a critical component of the meal. Customs vary whether the challah is dipped in salt, salt is sprinkled on it, or salt is merely present on the table. This requirement applies to any bread, though it is observed most strictly at Sabbath and holiday meals. </p><p>The Torah requires that <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Temple sacrifices</a> to God be offered with salt.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Second_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of the Second Temple">destruction of the Second Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic literature</a> suggested that a table set for a meal symbolically replaces the Temple altar; therefore, the blessing over food should only be recited with salt present on the table.<sup id="cite_ref-Salt_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Should one eat a meal without performing a commandment, the covenant of salt protects him.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the rabbis, a meal without salt was considered no meal.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, salt symbolizes the eternal covenant between God and Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Silberberg_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silberberg-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a preservative, salt never spoils or decays, signifying the immortality of this bond.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_challah">Special challah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Special challah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosh_Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rosh Hashanah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a>, the Jewish New Year, the challah may be rolled into a circular shape (sometimes referred to as a "turban challah"), symbolizing the cycle of the year, and is sometimes baked with raisins in the dough. Some have the custom of continuing to eat circular challah from Rosh Hashana through the holiday of <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>. In the Maghreb (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria) many Jews will simply bake their challah in the shape of "turban challah" year-round. </p><p>Sometimes the top is brushed with honey to symbolize the "sweet new year." According to some traditions, challah eaten on Rosh Hashana is not dipped in or sprinkled with salt but instead is dipped in or sprinkled with honey. As above, some continue to use honey instead of salt through the Sukkot holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97.jpg/220px-%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97.jpg/330px-%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97.jpg/440px-%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">Shlissel</i></span> challah</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shlissel_challah"><span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">Shlissel</i></span> challah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shlissel challah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the <i><a href="/wiki/Special_Shabbat#Shabbat_Mevorchim" title="Special Shabbat">Shabbat Mevarchim</a></i> preceding <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh" title="Rosh Chodesh">Rosh Chodesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> (i.e., the first <i>Shabbat</i> after the end of <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>), some Ashkenazi Jews have the custom of baking <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">shlissel</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> challah ("key challah") as a <i><a href="/wiki/Segula_(Kabbalah)" title="Segula (Kabbalah)">segula</a></i> (propitious sign) for <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he">parnassa</i></span> (livelihood). Some make an impression of a key on top of the challah before baking, some place a key-shaped piece of dough on top of the challah before baking, and some bake an actual key inside the challah.<sup id="cite_ref-Key_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Key-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest written source for this custom is the <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he">Ohev Yisrael</i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yehoshua_Heshel" title="Avraham Yehoshua Heshel">Avraham Yehoshua Heshel</a> (1748-1825), published in 1863. He refers to <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">schlissel</i></span> challah as a preexisting custom and offers several <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">kabbalistic</a> interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Key_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Key-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The custom has been criticized for allegedly having its source in Christian or pagan practices.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challah_rolls">Challah rolls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Challah rolls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Challah rolls, known as a <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">bilkele</i></span> or <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">bulkele</i></span> or <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">bilkel</i></span> or <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">bulkel</i></span> (plural: <span title="Yiddish-language text"><i lang="yi">bilkelekh</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">בילקעלע</span>) or <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">bajgiel</i></span> (Polish) is a bread roll made with eggs, similar to a challah bun. It is often used as the bread for Shabbat or holiday meals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_breads">Similar breads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Similar breads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar <a href="/wiki/Category:Braided_egg_breads" title="Category:Braided egg breads">braided, egg-enriched breads</a> are made in other traditions. The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)#Romania_and_Moldova" title="Kolach (bread)">colac</a> is a similar braided bread traditionally presented for holidays and celebrations such as Christmas caroling <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">colindat</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.The <a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a> <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">chałka</i></span> is similar, though sweeter than challah. The <a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1no%C4%8Dka" title="Vánočka">vánočka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a> <a href="/wiki/Viano%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="Vianočka">vianočka</a> is very similar and traditionally eaten at Christmas. In <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a> cuisine there is a similar bread called <a href="/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">cozonac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span title="Bulgarian-language text"><span lang="bg">козунак</span></span>), while <a href="/wiki/Tsoureki" title="Tsoureki">tsoureki</a> bread (also known as <span title="Armenian-language text"><i lang="hy">choreg</i></span> or <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">çörek</i></span>) is popular in <a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a> cuisines. A sweet bread called <i>milibrod</i> (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: <span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk">милиброд</span></span>), similarly braided as the challah, is part of the dinner table during Orthodox Easter in Macedonia. <a href="/wiki/Zopf" title="Zopf">Zopf</a> is a similar bread from Germany, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, with a sweeter variant known as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hefezopf</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hefekranz</i></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulla">pulla</a> (also known as cardamom bread in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>) is a small braided pastry seasoned with cardamom that is very popular in Finnish cafés. <a href="/wiki/Brioche" title="Brioche">Brioche</a> is an egg-enriched bread, but it is not braided. </p><p>Unlike challah, which by convention is pareve, many of these breads also contain butter and milk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Challah" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Challah"> Challah</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Challah" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Challah">Challah</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Challa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Challa (disambiguation)">Challa</a> (disambiguation page)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)" title="Kolach (bread)">Kolach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korovai" title="Korovai">Korovai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">or <i>schlissel</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/challah">"challah"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=challah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fchallah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Numbers,15:20-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers,15:20_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers,15:20_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0415.htm#20">Numbers 15:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/str/hebrew/2471.htm">"Strong's Concordance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strong%27s+Concordance.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fstr%2Fhebrew%2F2471.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne_Smith1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Payne_Margoliouth" title="Jessie Payne Margoliouth">Payne Smith, J.</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ACompendiousSyriacDictionary"><i>A compendious Syriac Dictionary: founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith</i></a> (in Syriac and English). Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/251355373">251355373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+compendious+Syriac+Dictionary%3A+founded+upon+the+Thesaurus+Syriacus+of+R.+Payne+Smith&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1903&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F251355373&rft.aulast=Payne+Smith&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FACompendiousSyriacDictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöhler1948" class="citation journal cs1">Köhler, Ludwig (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=thz-001%3A1948%3A4%3A%3A164">"Miszellen"</a>. <i>Theologische Zeitschrift</i>. <b>4</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theologische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=Miszellen&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6hler&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Dthz-001%253A1948%253A4%253A%253A164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jastrow, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Jastrow%2C_%D7%97%D6%B7%D7%9C%D6%B8%D6%BC%D7%94.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">חַלָּה (meaning 2)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aish-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aish_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/ask-the-expert-taking-challah/">"Ask the Expert: Taking Challah"</a>. <i>MyJewishLearning.com</i>. <q>What does it mean to take challah</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyJewishLearning.com&rft.atitle=Ask+the+Expert%3A+Taking+Challah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjewishlearning.com%2Farticle%2Fask-the-expert-taking-challah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.alhatorah.org/Dictionary/2471">"AlHatorah Concordance-Dictionary, s.v. חַלָּה"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AlHatorah+Concordance-Dictionary%2C+s.v.+%D7%97%D6%B7%D7%9C%D6%B8%D6%BC%D7%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmg.alhatorah.org%2FDictionary%2F2471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh,_Orach_Chayim.242.1?vhe=Maginei_Eretz:_Shulchan_Aruch_Orach_Chaim,_Lemberg,_1893&lang=he">"Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 242:1"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Shulchan+Arukh%2C+Orach+Chayim+242%3A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FShulchan_Arukh%2C_Orach_Chayim.242.1%3Fvhe%3DMaginei_Eretz%3A_Shulchan_Aruch_Orach_Chaim%2C_Lemberg%2C_1893%26lang%3Dhe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiñer2021" class="citation book cs1">Piñer, Hélène Jawhara (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1200038942"><i>Sephardi : cooking the history : recipes of the Jews of Spain and the diaspora, from the 13th century to today</i></a>. Boston. pp. 16–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64469-531-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64469-531-9"><bdi>978-1-64469-531-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1200038942">1200038942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sephardi+%3A+cooking+the+history+%3A+recipes+of+the+Jews+of+Spain+and+the+diaspora%2C+from+the+13th+century+to+today&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=16-17&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1200038942&rft.isbn=978-1-64469-531-9&rft.aulast=Pi%C3%B1er&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Jawhara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1200038942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJawhara_Piñer2020" class="citation journal cs1">Jawhara Piñer, Hélène (2020). "The Sephardi Origin of the Challah Braided Bread". <i>Meldar: Revista Internacional de Estudios sefardíes</i>. <b>1</b>: 69–71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meldar%3A+Revista+Internacional+de+Estudios+sefard%C3%ADes&rft.atitle=The+Sephardi+Origin+of+the+Challah+Braided+Bread&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=69-71&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Jawhara+Pi%C3%B1er&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold_E._Bender1975" class="citation book cs1">Arnold E. Bender (1975). <i>Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology</i> (4th ed.). London: Newnes-Butterworths. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-408-001437" title="Special:BookSources/0-408-001437"><bdi>0-408-001437</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Nutrition+and+Food+Technology&rft.place=London&rft.pages=54&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Newnes-Butterworths&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-408-001437&rft.au=Arnold+E.+Bender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Loaves For Jewish Festivals "Not Bread"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The London Times</i>. No. 55124. London. 4 July 1961. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Times&rft.atitle=Loaves+For+Jewish+Festivals+%22Not+Bread%22&rft.issue=55124&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1961-07-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЛеонид_Беловинский2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Леонид Беловинский (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rA92BwAAQBAJ&q=%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&pg=PT1317">"Хала"</a>. <i>Энциклопедический словарь истории советской повседневной жизни</i> (in Russian). Новое Литературное Обозрение. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5444803783" title="Special:BookSources/978-5444803783"><bdi>978-5444803783</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-5444803783&rft.au=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrA92BwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%26pg%3DPT1317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Rolek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruce.com/polish-egg-twist-bread-chalka-recipe-1136837">Polish Egg-Twist Bread Chalka Recipe</a>. The Spruce, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forward1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forward1_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/articles/6171/come-round/">Come ’Round</a>. Forward.com, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forward2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forward2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forward2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/2303/">South African Challah?</a>. Forward.com, 2005. The etymology of kittke is given as <i>Kitt</i> + <i>-ke</i>: <i>Kitt</i> in German means "putty" <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kitt#German">[1]</a>; "-ke" is the <a href="/wiki/Diminutive#Slavic_languages" title="Diminutive">Slavic diminutive suffix</a> found in many Yiddish words and names. Kitke referred not to the whole challah but simply to the braids or decorations that were attached to the challah like putty before baking, and the word must have originally referred to these.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/definitie/colac/440242">Colac</a> (in Romanian). DEXOnline: Dictionar Explicativ al Limbii Romane (Romanian online dictionary). References: Miklosich, Slaw. Elem., 25; Cihac, II, 67; Conev 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vasmer-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vasmer_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/41283/колач">Колач</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Max_Vasmer" title="Max Vasmer">Max Vasmer</a>. <i>Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</i>. Winter, Heidelberg 1953–1958 (in German). Russian translation by <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Trubachyov" title="Oleg Trubachyov">Oleg Trubachyov</a>: Этимологический словарь русского языка. Progress, Moscow, 1964–1973.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpolterSimmons2015" class="citation web cs1">Spolter, Rabbi Yair; Simmons, Rabbi Shraga (7 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306103825/https://www.aish.com/jl/jewish-law/blessings/10-Three-Mezonot-Categories.html">"10. Three Mezonot Categories"</a>. <i>aishcom</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aish.com/jl/jewish-law/blessings/10-Three-Mezonot-Categories.html">the original</a> on 6 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aishcom&rft.atitle=10.+Three+Mezonot+Categories&rft.date=2015-09-07&rft.aulast=Spolter&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Yair&rft.au=Simmons%2C+Rabbi+Shraga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aish.com%2Fjl%2Fjewish-law%2Fblessings%2F10-Three-Mezonot-Categories.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maimonides (d. 1204), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kodesh.snunit.k12.il/i/3130.htm">Mishneh Torah Hilchot Shabbos, Chapter 30, Law 9.</a> <b>(Hebrew)</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sol Scharfstein, <i>Understanding Jewish Holidays and Customs</i>, page 16 (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salt-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salt_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salt_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13043-salt">"Salt"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salt&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F13043-salt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Isserles, in Shulcḥan 'Aruch, l.c</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isserles%2C+in+Shulc%E1%B8%A5an+%27Aruch%2C+l.c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both practices are based on different parts of the same verse in Leviticus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Shulchan Aruch, Oraḥ Ḥayyim 167:5; Jacob Zausmer, "Bet Ya'aḳob," No. 168; comp. Berachot 40a</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shulchan+Aruch%2C+Ora%E1%B8%A5+%E1%B8%A4ayyim+167%3A5%3B+Jacob+Zausmer%2C+%22Bet+Ya%27a%E1%B8%B3ob%2C%22+No.+168%3B+comp.+Berachot+40a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0302.htm#13">Leviticus 2:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tosafot, Berachot 40a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berachot 44a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silberberg-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silberberg_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilberberg" class="citation web cs1">Silberberg, Naftali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/484194/jewish/Why-dip-in-salt.htm">"Why is the Challah dipped in Salt"</a>. Chabad.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+is+the+Challah+dipped+in+Salt&rft.pub=Chabad.org&rft.aulast=Silberberg&rft.aufirst=Naftali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F484194%2Fjewish%2FWhy-dip-in-salt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rabinowitz, Louis Isaac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2587517364&v=2.1&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w">"Salt"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Judaica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salt&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Judaica&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=Louis+Isaac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.galegroup.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fid%3DGALE%257CCX2587517364%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26p%3DGVRL%26sw%3Dw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">some keep the salt on the table, to not "withhold" salt from being present, per Lev. 2:13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Key-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Key_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Key_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Second Thoughts: The Key to <i>Parnassah</i>." <i>Hamodia</i>, Feature Section, p. C3. 23 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Ohev_Yisrael,_For_the_Shabbat_After_Pesach.1.1?vhe=Ohev_Yisrael,_Zhitomir,_1863.&lang=bi">"Ohev Yisrael, For the Shabbat After Pesach 1:1"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Ohev+Yisrael%2C+For+the+Shabbat+After+Pesach+1%3A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FOhev_Yisrael%2C_For_the_Shabbat_After_Pesach.1.1%3Fvhe%3DOhev_Yisrael%2C_Zhitomir%2C_1863.%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shelomo Alfassa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mesora.org/Shlissel.html">Shlissel Challah – “The Loaf of Idolatry?”</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bucataras.ro/retete/colaci-impletiti-71408.html">"Reteta Colaci impletiti"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reteta+Colaci+impletiti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucataras.ro%2Fretete%2Fcolaci-impletiti-71408.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521063848/http://www.saintsarkis.org/breads.htm">"Adventures in Armenian Cooking"</a>. <i>St. Sarkis</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saintsarkis.org/breads.htm">the original</a> on 21 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Sarkis&rft.atitle=Adventures+in+Armenian+Cooking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintsarkis.org%2Fbreads.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChallah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Challah&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.5tjt.com/schlissel-challah-an-analysis-by-rabbi-yair-hoffman">Schlissel Challah – An Analysis BY Rabbi Yair Hoffman</a></li></ul> <div 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style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_kosher_meat_boycott" title="1902 kosher meat boycott">1902 kosher meat boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_patronage_of_Chinese_restaurants" title="Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants">Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Jewish cuisine">Mountain Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite Jewish cuisine">Yemenite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious dietary laws and related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleishig" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleishig">Fleishig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">Hechsher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitniyot" title="Kitniyot">Kitniyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_by_ingredient" title="Kosher by ingredient">Kosher by ingredient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_for_Passover" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher for Passover">Kosher for Passover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher-style" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher-style">Kosher-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach" title="Mashgiach">Mashgiach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milchig" class="mw-redirect" title="Milchig">Milchig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">Pareve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treif" class="mw-redirect" title="Treif">Treif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Ben-Israel" title="Ron Ben-Israel">Ron Ben-Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Frankel_(chef)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laura Frankel (chef)">Laura Frankel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_Garten" title="Ina Garten">Ina Garten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Gil Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Nathan" title="Joan Nathan">Joan Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Reichl" title="Ruth Reichl">Ruth Reichl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyal_Shani" title="Eyal Shani">Eyal Shani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Solomonov" title="Michael Solomonov">Michael Solomonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotam_Ottolenghi" title="Yotam Ottolenghi">Yotam Ottolenghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Yeh" title="Molly Yeh">Molly Yeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apples_and_honey" title="Apples and honey">Apples and honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabo_kolo" title="Dabo kolo">Dabo kolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog">Etrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_gelt" title="Hanukkah gelt">Hanukkah gelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maror" title="Maror">Maror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">Matzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishloach_manot" title="Mishloach manot">Mishloach manot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekalach" title="Pekalach">Pekalach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeroa" title="Zeroa">Zeroa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkenazi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babka" title="Babka">Babka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_roll" title="Onion roll">Onion roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pletzel" title="Pletzel">Pletzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel" title="Pumpernickel">Pumpernickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_rye_bread" title="Jewish rye bread">Rye Bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sephardic/Mizrahi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folar" title="Folar">Folar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachooh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachooh">Lachooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffa" title="Laffa">Laffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmacun" title="Lahmacun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawach" title="Malawach">Malawach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboon_bread" title="Taboon bread">Taboon bread</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Water challah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethiopian breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injera" title="Injera">Injera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bagels and similar breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_Bites" title="Bagel Bites">Bagel Bites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_toast" title="Bagel toast">Bagel toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_with_cream_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagel with cream cheese">Bagel with cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialy_(bread)" title="Bialy (bread)">Bialy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal-style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York-style_bagel" class="mw-redirect" title="New York-style bagel">New York-style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_bagel" title="Pizza bagel">Pizza bagel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pancakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesaha_Appam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesaha Appam">Pesaha Appam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Atayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_latke" title="Cheese latke">Cheese latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chremslach" title="Chremslach">Chremslach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes">Keftes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cakes and sweet pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Atayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babka_(cake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babka (cake)">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cake_(American)" title="Coffee cake (American)">Coffee cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumb_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Crumb cake">Crumb cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobosh">Dobosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flourless_chocolate_cake" title="Flourless chocolate cake">Flourless chocolate cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apple_cake" title="Jewish apple cake">Jewish apple cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krantz_cake" title="Krantz cake">Krantz cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugelhopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Kugelhopf">Kugelhopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekach" title="Lekach">Lekach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzer_torte" title="Linzer torte">Linzer torte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake#United_States" title="Cheesecake">New York cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_d%27Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan d'Espanya (page does not exist)">Pan d'Espanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_cake" title="Plum cake">Plum cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Ashure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambalouni" title="Bambalouni">Bambalouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_pudding" title="Carrot pudding">Carrot pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halvah_ice_cream" title="Halvah ice cream">Halvah ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogel_mogel" title="Kogel mogel">Kogel mogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krembo" title="Krembo">Krembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokum">Lokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Malabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milky_(pudding)" title="Milky (pudding)">Milky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed_candy" title="Sesame seed candy">Sesame seed candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streuselkuchen" title="Streuselkuchen">Streuselkuchen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cookies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfajores" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfajores">Alfajores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscochos" title="Biscochos">Biscochos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_and_white_cookie" title="Black and white cookie">Black and white cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese cookie">Chinese cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_kichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg kichel">Egg kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvshaniot" title="Duvshaniot">Duvshaniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadji_bada" title="Hadji bada">Hadji bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantaschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamantaschen">Hamantaschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_buttons" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey buttons">Honey buttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_almond_cookie" title="Jewish almond cookie">Jewish almond cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dekager" title="Jødekager">Jødekager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichel" title="Kichel">Kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipfel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kipfel">Kipfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumbprint_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumbprint cookie">Linzer cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon" title="Macaroon">Macaroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelbread" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandelbread">Mandelbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_cookie" title="Rainbow cookie">Rainbow cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_cookie" title="Tahini cookie">Tahini cookie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichak" title="Bichak">Bichak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulemas" title="Bulemas">Bulemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3dni" title="Flódni">Flódni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojaldre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojaldre">Hojaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunt" title="Nunt">Nunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastelitos_de_hoja" title="Pastelitos de hoja">Pastelitos de hoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambusak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambusak">Sambusak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziva_(dish)" title="Ziva (dish)">Ziva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fried foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brik" title="Brik">Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_giudia" title="Carciofi alla giudia">Carciofi alla giudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot" title="Fatoot">Fatoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cauliflower" title="Fried cauliflower">Fried cauliflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritas_de_prasa" title="Fritas de prasa">Fritas de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_doughnut" title="Jelly doughnut">Jelly doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes">Keftes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrija" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrija">Torrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dumplings, pastas and grain dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bsisa" title="Bsisa">Bsisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampfnudel" title="Dampfnudel">Dampfnudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg noodles">Egg noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farfel" title="Farfel">Farfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_noodle_dishes#Spanish" title="List of noodle dishes">Fideos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freekeh" title="Freekeh">Freekeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germkn%C3%B6del" title="Germknödel">Germknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondi (dumpling)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha" title="Kasha">Kasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha_varnishkes" title="Kasha varnishkes">Kasha varnishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneidlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Kneidlach">Kneidlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreplach" title="Kreplach">Kreplach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" title="Kubbeh">Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_hamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaroni hamin">Macaroni hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Manti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzo ball">Matzo ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orez_Shu%27it" title="Orez Shu'it">Orez Shu'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">Pelmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptitim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptitim">Ptitim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirin_polo" title="Shirin polo">Shirin polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlishkes" title="Shlishkes">Shlishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_mandels" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup mandels">Soup mandels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahdig" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahdig">Tahdig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vareniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Vareniki">Vareniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casseroles and savory baked dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almadrote" class="mw-redirect" title="Almadrote">Almadrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holishkes" title="Holishkes">Holishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem kugel">Jerusalem kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karniyarik" class="mw-redirect" title="Karniyarik">Karniyarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_lasagna" title="Matzo lasagna">Matzo lasagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_(dish)" title="Pom (dish)">Pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_kugel" title="Potato kugel">Potato kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3let" title="Sólet">Sólet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_artichoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed artichoke">Stuffed artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yakhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapchik" title="Yapchik">Yapchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks and other baked goods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamba_(snack)" title="Bamba (snack)">Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissli" title="Bissli">Bissli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitzuchim" title="Pitzuchim">Pitzuchim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkedei_marak" title="Shkedei marak">Shkedei marak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_dates" title="Stuffed dates">Stuffed dates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sandwiches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef_sandwich" title="Corned beef sandwich">Corned beef sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillel sandwich">Hillel sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami_on_rye" title="Pastrami on rye">Pastrami on rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachel sandwich">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_sandwich" title="Reuben sandwich">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_sandwich" title="Sailor sandwich">Sailor sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna sandwich">Tuna sandwich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egg dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beitzah" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitzah">Beitzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haminados" title="Haminados">Haminados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboiled_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardboiled egg">Hardboiled egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzoquiles" title="Matzoquiles">Matzoquiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_liver" title="Chopped liver">Chopped liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondi (dumpling)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzel" title="Helzel">Helzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_mixed_grill" title="Jerusalem mixed grill">Jerusalem mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merguez" title="Merguez">Merguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Miltz">Miltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_smoked_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal smoked meat">Montreal smoked meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargiyot" title="Pargiyot">Pargiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">Pastirma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">Pastrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plov" class="mw-redirect" title="Plov">Plov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sujuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fish dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abudaraho" class="mw-redirect" title="Abudaraho">Abudaraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chraime" title="Chraime">Chraime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressed_herring" title="Dressed herring">Dressed herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravlax" title="Gravlax">Gravlax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikra">Ikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakerda" title="Lakerda">Lakerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">Lox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescado_frito" title="Pescado frito">Pescado frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz_herring" title="Schmaltz herring">Schmaltz herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_salmon" title="Smoked salmon">Smoked salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_whitefish" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoked whitefish">Smoked whitefish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarama">Tarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunafish" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunafish">Tunafish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad" title="Tuna salad">Tuna salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna salad sandwich">Tuna salad sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorschmack" title="Vorschmack">Vorschmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_salad" title="Whitefish salad">Whitefish salad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads and pickles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apio_(appetizer)" title="Apio (appetizer)">Apio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggplant salad">Eggplant salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_salad" title="Israeli salad">Israeli salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_dill_pickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher dill pickle">Kosher dill pickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbucha" title="Matbucha">Matbucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzimmes" title="Tzimmes">Tzimmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups and stews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adom_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Adom kubbeh">Adom kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgolemono" title="Avgolemono">Avgolemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbe">Chamo kubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_noodle_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken noodle soup">Chicken noodle soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamin">Chamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbeh">Chamo kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghormeh_sabzi" title="Ghormeh sabzi">Ghormeh sabzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(food)" title="Gondi (food)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamusta_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamusta kubbeh">Hamusta kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_ball_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzo ball soup">Matzo ball soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msoki" title="Msoki">Msoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poike" title="Poike">Poike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schav" class="mw-redirect" title="Schav">Schav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrito_(stew)" title="Sofrito (stew)">Sofrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses and other dairy products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkawi" title="Akkawi">Akkawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">Cottage cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">Cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmer's cheese">Farmer's cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark (cheese)">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirene" title="Sirene">Sirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)" title="Smetana (dairy product)">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">Sour cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">Strained yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzfat_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzfat cheese">Tzfat cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments, dips and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applesauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Applesauce">Applesauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filfel_chuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Filfel chuma">Filfel chuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Harif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilbah">Hilbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissara" title="Bissara">Mikpah Ful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resek_avganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Resek avganiyot">Resek avganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicy_brown_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spicy brown mustard">Spicy brown mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoug">Zhoug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel-Ray" title="Cel-Ray">Cel-Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Brown%27s" title="Dr. Brown's">Dr. Brown's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cream" title="Egg cream">Egg cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_juice" title="Grape juice">Grape juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedem">Kedem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_flower_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Linden flower tea">Linden flower tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_lemonade" title="Mint lemonade">Mint lemonade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manischewitz" title="Manischewitz">Manischewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_juice" title="Pomegranate juice">Pomegranate juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Salep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Seltzer">Seltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_Perfect" title="Vodka Perfect">Vodka Perfect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs, spices and seasonings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_bouillon_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken bouillon powder">Consommé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Dried onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licorice_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice root">Licorice root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigella seeds">Nigella seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seeds">Sesame seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eateries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appetizing_store" title="Appetizing store">Appetizing store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dairy_restaurant" title="Jewish dairy restaurant">Dairy restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deli" title="Jewish deli">Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_with_religious_symbolism" title="List of foods with religious symbolism">List of foods with religious symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_cuisine_dishes" title="List of Jewish cuisine dishes">List of Jewish cuisine dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">List of kosher restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Israel" title="List of restaurants in Israel">List of restaurants in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_cuisine" title="Category:Jewish cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shabbat_(שבתCategory:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shabbat" title="Template:Shabbat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shabbat" title="Template talk:Shabbat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shabbat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shabbat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shabbat_(שבתCategory:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שבת</span></span>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Prayers</li><li>Rituals</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Jewish prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedid_Nefesh" title="Yedid Nefesh">Yedid Nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekhah_Dodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lekhah Dodi">Lekhah Dodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_Aleichem_(liturgy)" title="Shalom Aleichem (liturgy)">Shalom Aleichem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemirot" title="Zemirot">Zemirot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqashot" title="Baqashot">Baqashot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_reading" title="Torah reading">Torah reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Weekly Torah portion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shnayim_mikra_ve-echad_targum" title="Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum">Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maftir" title="Maftir">Maftir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haftarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Haftarah">Haftarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_meals" title="Shabbat meals">Shabbat meals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seudah_shlishit" title="Seudah shlishit">Seudah shlishit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triennial_cycle" title="Triennial cycle">Triennial cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket (Jewish dish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_liver" title="Chopped liver">Chopped liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzel" title="Helzel">Helzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorschmack" title="Vorschmack">Vorschmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapchik" title="Yapchik">Yapchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_candles" title="Shabbat candles">Shabbat candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blech" title="Blech">Blech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah_cover" title="Challah cover">Challah cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush#Rituals" title="Kiddush">Kiddush cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Melakha">Melakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_mile" title="Biblical mile">Biblical mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_on_Shabbat" title="Driving on Shabbat">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_on_Shabbat" title="Electricity on Shabbat">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv" title="Eruv">Eruv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv_tavshilin" title="Eruv tavshilin">Eruv tavshilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv_techumin" title="Eruv techumin">Eruv techumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_food_preparation" title="Sabbath food preparation">Food preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grama_(halacha)" title="Grama (halacha)">Grama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktzeh" title="Muktzeh">Muktzeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinically_prohibited_activities_of_Shabbat" title="Rabbinically prohibited activities of Shabbat">Rabbinic prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat (Talmud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbos_goy" title="Shabbos goy">Shabbos goy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinuy" title="Shinuy">Shinuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shomer_Shabbat" title="Shomer Shabbat">Shomer Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Innovations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KosherSwitch" title="KosherSwitch">KosherSwitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomet_Institute" title="Zomet Institute">Zomet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_elevator" title="Shabbat elevator">Shabbat elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_lamp" title="Shabbat lamp">Shabbat lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_mode" title="Sabbath mode">Sabbath mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_pedestrian_crossing" title="Shabbat pedestrian crossing">Shabbat pedestrian crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_Shabbat" title="Special Shabbat">Special Shabbat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbaton" title="Shabbaton">Shabbaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_of_Passover_on_Shabbat" title="Eve of Passover on Shabbat">Eve of Passover on Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motza%27ei_Shabbat" title="Motza'ei Shabbat">Motza'ei Shabbat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush_levana" title="Kiddush levana">Kiddush levana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havdalah" title="Havdalah">Havdalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaveh_Malkah" title="Melaveh Malkah">Melaveh Malkah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shabbat_topics" title="List of Shabbat topics">List of Shabbat topics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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