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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="فورس ناغليج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فورس ناغليج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Савет па ірландскай мове – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Савет па ірландскай мове" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda_Lingva_Konsilio" title="Irlanda Lingva Konsilio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irlanda Lingva Konsilio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%A0%D7%90_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%94" title="פורס נא גייליגה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורס נא גייליגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Совет по ирландскому языку – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Совет по ирландскому языку" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Foras na Gaeilge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Foras na Gaeilge</i></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Foras_na_Gaeilge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/Foras_na_Gaeilge.png/220px-Foras_na_Gaeilge.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/55/Foras_na_Gaeilge.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="176" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2 December 1999<span class="noprint">; 24 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999-12-02</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Executive agency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Intergovernmental implementation body</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Promotion of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> throughout <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">CEO</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Seán Ó Coinn</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Board of directors</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organisation</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_North/South_Language_Body" title="The North/South Language Body">The North/South Language Body</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">57<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/">Foras na Gaeilge</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%81ras_na_Gaeilge,_Sr%C3%A1id_Amiens_Street,_Dublin_Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath_(2022).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%C3%81ras_na_Gaeilge%2C_Sr%C3%A1id_Amiens_Street%2C_Dublin_Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath_%282022%29.jpg/260px-%C3%81ras_na_Gaeilge%2C_Sr%C3%A1id_Amiens_Street%2C_Dublin_Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath_%282022%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%C3%81ras_na_Gaeilge%2C_Sr%C3%A1id_Amiens_Street%2C_Dublin_Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath_%282022%29.jpg/390px-%C3%81ras_na_Gaeilge%2C_Sr%C3%A1id_Amiens_Street%2C_Dublin_Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath_%282022%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%C3%81ras_na_Gaeilge%2C_Sr%C3%A1id_Amiens_Street%2C_Dublin_Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath_%282022%29.jpg/520px-%C3%81ras_na_Gaeilge%2C_Sr%C3%A1id_Amiens_Street%2C_Dublin_Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath_%282022%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption>Since 2017 the headquarters of Foras na Gaeilge is situated in <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Áras na Gaeilge</i></span> on <a href="/wiki/Amiens_Street" title="Amiens Street">Amiens Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_na_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Raidió na Life">Raidió na Life</a> is also based in the áras.</figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Foras na Gaeilge</i></span></b> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈfˠɔɾˠəsˠ<span class="wrap"> </span>n̪ˠə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɡeːlʲɟə]</a></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> Institute"; <b><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">FnaG</i></span></b>) is a public body responsible for the promotion of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> throughout the island of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, including both the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. It was set up on 2 December 1999, assuming the roles of the Irish language board <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Bord_na_Gaeilge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bord na Gaeilge">Bord na Gaeilge</a></i></span> (including the book distributor <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Áisíneacht Dáiliúchan Leabhar</i></span>), the publisher <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/An_G%C3%BAm" title="An Gúm">An Gúm</a></i></span>, and the terminological committee <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/An_Coiste_T%C3%A9arma%C3%ADochta" title="An Coiste Téarmaíochta">An Coiste Téarmaíochta</a></i></span>, all three of which had formerly been state bodies of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish government">Irish government</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foras_na_Gaeilge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Promotion of the Irish language;</li> <li>Facilitating and encouraging its use in speech and writing in public and private life in the Republic of Ireland and, in the context of Part III of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, in Northern Ireland where there is appropriate demand;</li> <li>Advising both administrations, public bodies and other groups in the private and voluntary sectors;</li> <li>Undertaking supportive projects, and grant-aiding bodies and groups as considered necessary;</li> <li>Undertaking research, promotional campaigns, and public and media relations;</li> <li>Developing terminology and dictionaries;</li> <li>Supporting Irish-medium education and the teaching of Irish.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/North_South_Ministerial_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North South Ministerial Council">North South Ministerial Council</a> (NSMC) was established under the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement (1998), to develop consultation, co-operation and action within the island of Ireland. The Language Body (consisting of two agencies i.e. Foras na Gaeilge and <a href="/wiki/Ulster-Scots_Agency" title="Ulster-Scots Agency">Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch</a>) was one of six <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_South_Implementation_Bodies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North South Implementation Bodies (page does not exist)">North South Implementation Bodies</a> which were set up and operate on an all-island basis. While having a clear operational remit, all operate under the overall policy direction of the North South Ministerial Council, with clear accountability lines back to the council and to the Oireachtas and the Northern Ireland Assembly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foras_na_Gaeilge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/An_G%C3%BAm" title="An Gúm">An Gúm</a></i>, which previously published Irish language books for the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Ireland)" title="Department of Education (Ireland)">Department of Education</a>, became part of Foras na Gaeilge following its formation in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foras na Gaeilge is also involved in publishing dictionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Saol</i> (meaning 'life'), also known as <i>Saol na Gaeilge</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Free_newspaper" title="Free newspaper">free</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish-language" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish-language">Irish-language</a> monthly newspaper that was funded by Foras na Gaeilge.<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First published in 1988 and based in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 2001 it was edited by Colm Ó Torna.<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foras_na_Gaeilge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Irish language in Northern Ireland">Irish language in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British-Irish_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="British-Irish Council">British-Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages in the United Kingdom">Languages in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Language revival">Language revival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2rd_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Bòrd na Gàidhlig">Bòrd na Gàidhlig</a></i> (Scotland)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Coimisin%C3%A9ir_Teanga" title="An Coimisinéir Teanga">An Coimisinéir Teanga</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foras_na_Gaeilge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111213100616/http://www.irish.ie/Foras_na_Gaeilge/An_Gum.asp">"An Gúm"</a>. Foras na Gaeilge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irish.ie/Foras_na_Gaeilge/An_Gum.asp">the original</a> on 13 December 2011. <q>An Gúm [..] was part of the Department of Education until Foras na Gaeilge was set up in 1999 when its functions transferred</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+G%C3%BAm&rft.pub=Foras+na+Gaeilge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irish.ie%2FForas_na_Gaeilge%2FAn_Gum.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForas+na+Gaeilge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/about-foras-na-gaeilge/lexicography-and-terminology/?lang=en">"Lexicography and Terminology"</a>. Foras na Gaeilge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lexicography+and+Terminology&rft.pub=Foras+na+Gaeilge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forasnagaeilge.ie%2Fabout-foras-na-gaeilge%2Flexicography-and-terminology%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForas+na+Gaeilge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718000022/http://saol.gaeilge.ie/Eagr%C3%A1nReatha/Eolas">"Eolas"</a>. <i>saol.gaeilge.ie</i> (in Irish). Foras na Gaeilge. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Ireland&rft.atitle=Holdings%3A+Saol+na+Gaeilge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nli.ie%2FRecord%2Fvtls000514213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForas+na+Gaeilge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Toole1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Toole, James (1998). Smyth, Sara (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000042992"><i>Newsplan : Report of the Newsplan project in Ireland</i></a>. British Library. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780907328308" title="Special:BookSources/9780907328308"><bdi>9780907328308</bdi></a>. <q>SAOL Dublin. Free. Monthly [..] 1988- . Irish language monthly</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newsplan+%3A+Report+of+the+Newsplan+project+in+Ireland&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780907328308&rft.aulast=O%27Toole&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nli.ie%2FRecord%2Fvtls000042992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForas+na+Gaeilge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000124131">"Saol : Nuachtlitir mhíosúil phobal na Gaeilge"</a>. <i>catalogue.nli.ie</i>. National Library of Ireland. <q>Published / Created: Baile Átha Cliath : Saol, c 1988 - 2010</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalogue.nli.ie&rft.atitle=Saol+%3A+Nuachtlitir+mh%C3%ADos%C3%BAil+phobal+na+Gaeilge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nli.ie%2FRecord%2Fvtls000124131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForas+na+Gaeilge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foras_na_Gaeilge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forasnagaeilge.ie">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Irish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_language" title="Template:Irish language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_language" title="Template talk:Irish language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Irish_language" title="History of the Irish language">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Celtic">Insular Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Goidelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Goidelic">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Primitive Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Irish" title="Early Modern Irish">Early Modern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Irish">Modern Irish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociolinguistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish-speaking_people" title="List of Irish-speaking people">List of <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeilgeoirí</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connacht_Irish" title="Connacht Irish">Connacht Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster_Irish" title="Munster Irish">Munster Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland Irish">Newfoundland Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leinster_Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Leinster Irish">Leinster Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Irish" title="Ulster Irish">Ulster Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Irish_language" title="Status of the Irish language">Status</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Irish language in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language_outside_Ireland" title="Irish language outside Ireland">Outside Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language_in_Newfoundland" title="Irish language in Newfoundland">in Newfoundland</a>)</li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/English_loanwords_in_Irish" title="English loanwords in Irish">Béarlachas</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_grammar" title="Irish grammar">Grammar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/An_Caighde%C3%A1n_Oifigi%C3%BAil" title="An Caighdeán Oifigiúil">An Caighdeán Oifigiúil</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_initial_mutations" title="Irish initial mutations">Initial mutations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_declension" title="Irish declension">Declension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_conjugation" title="Irish conjugation">Conjugation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_and_independent_verb_forms" title="Dependent and independent verb forms">Dependent and independent forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_phonology" title="Irish phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_syntax" title="Irish syntax">Syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Modern literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_lexicography" title="Irish lexicography">Lexicography</a></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/An_Caighde%C3%A1n_Oifigi%C3%BAil" title="An Caighdeán Oifigiúil">An Caighdeán Oifigiúil</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_language_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Irish language media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Comhar" title="Comhar">Comhar</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Feasta" title="Feasta">Feasta</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/An_tUltach" title="An tUltach">An tUltach</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Tuairisc.ie" title="Tuairisc.ie">Tuairisc.ie</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3s" title="Nós">Nós</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/An_Gael" title="An Gael">An Gael</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Seachtain</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BAla_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Cúla 4">Cúla 4</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_One" title="RTÉ One">RTÉ One</a> <small>(<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Nuacht_RT%C3%89" title="Nuacht RTÉ">Nuacht RTÉ</a></i></span>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Two Northern Ireland">BBC Two NI</a> <small>(sporadic)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVTV" title="NVTV">NVTV</a> <small>(sporadic)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style: normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_R%C3%AD-R%C3%A1" title="Raidió Rí-Rá">Raidió Rí-Rá</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_Na_Life" title="Raidió Na Life">Raidió Na Life</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_F%C3%A1ilte" title="Raidió Fáilte">Raidió Fáilte</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a> <small>(<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Blas_(Radio_Ulster)" title="Blas (Radio Ulster)">Blas</a></i></span>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style: normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tuairisc.ie" title="Tuairisc.ie">Tuairisc.ie</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/An_G%C3%BAm" title="An Gúm">An Gúm</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%B3_Iar-Chonnacht" title="Cló Iar-Chonnacht">Cló Iar-Chonnacht</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Coisc%C3%A9im" title="Coiscéim">Coiscéim</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gael_Linn" title="Gael Linn">Gael Linn</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Texts_Society" title="Irish Texts Society">Irish Texts Society</a></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1irs%C3%A9al_agus_Dill" title="Sáirséal agus Dill">Sáirséal agus Dill</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%B3r_na_nGael" title="Glór na nGael">Glór na nGael</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Qualifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Certificate_(Ireland)" title="Leaving Certificate (Ireland)">Leaving Cert Irish</a></li> <li><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Teastas_Eorpach_na_Gaeilge" title="Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge">Teastas Eorpach na Gaeilge</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Personal and family names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish-language_given_names" title="List of Irish-language given names">List of personal names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_language" title="Category:Irish language">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaels" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaels" title="Template:Gaels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaels" title="Template talk:Gaels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Norman_invasion_Irish_Celtic_kinship_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups">Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Nine Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Iona" title="Statutes of Iona">Statutes of Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Jacobite rising of 1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_revival" title="Gaelic revival">Gaelic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht">Gaeltacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaelic culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Brehon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Gaelic mythology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_kinship" title="Irish kinship">Gaelic kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Modern Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic</a> & <a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_na_Gaeilge" title="Oireachtas na Gaeilge">Oireachtas na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Am Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_games" title="Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Insular Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Scottish_mission" title="Hiberno-Scottish mission">Gaelic Christian mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Primitive Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Gaelic">Classical Gaelic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Irish" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_clans" title="Irish clans">Irish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_royal_families" title="Irish royal families">Royal families</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Irish_kings" title="Lists of Irish kings">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_medical_families" title="Irish medical families">Medical families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_nobility_of_Ireland" title="Gaelic nobility of Ireland">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_genealogy" title="Irish genealogy">Genealogy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="List" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans" title="List of Irish clans">List</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connachta" title="Connachta">Connachta</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airg%C3%ADalla" title="Airgíalla">Clan Colla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">Clan Donald</a>, <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Mh%C3%A1ine" title="Uí Mháine">Uí Mháine</a>, etc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalcassians" title="Dalcassians">Dalcassians</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9isi" title="Déisi">Déisi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganachta" title="Eóganachta">Eóganachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iverni" title="Iverni">Érainn</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corcu_Lo%C3%ADgde" title="Corcu Loígde">Corcu Loígde</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Fiatach" title="Dál Fiatach">Dál Fiatach</a>, etc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_nAraidi" title="Dál nAraidi">Dál nAraidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conmaicne" title="Conmaicne">Conmaicne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADarraige" title="Cíarraige">Cíarraige</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans_in_Ulster" title="List of Irish clans in Ulster">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_clans" title="List of Scottish clans">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foras na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2rd_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Bòrd na Gàidhlig">Bòrd na Gàidhlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_Vannin" title="Culture Vannin">Culture Vannin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradh_na_Gaeilge" title="Conradh na Gaeilge">Conradh na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Comunn_G%C3%A0idhealach" title="An Comunn Gàidhealach">An Comunn Gàidhealach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heshaght_Ghailckagh" title="Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh">Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seachtain_na_Gaeilge" title="Seachtain na Gaeilge">Seachtain na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gael_Linn" title="Gael Linn">Gael Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULTACH_Trust" title="ULTACH Trust">ULTACH Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comunn_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Comunn na Gàidhlig">Comunn na Gàidhlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clans_of_Ireland" title="Clans of Ireland">Clans of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Coimisin%C3%A9ir_Teanga" title="An Coimisinéir Teanga">An Coimisinéir Teanga</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R-M269" title="Haplogroup R-M269">Haplogroup R-M269</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isles" title="Genetic history of the British Isles">human genetics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Norse–Gaels</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">Clan MacLeod</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Munster" title="Kingdom of Munster">Kingdom of Munster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gaels" title="Category:Gaels">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British–Irish_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British-Irish_Council" title="Template:British-Irish Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British-Irish_Council" title="Template talk:British-Irish Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British-Irish_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British-Irish Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British–Irish_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Member jurisdictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Member bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government of Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Policy_%26_Resources_Committee" title="Policy & Resources Committee">Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Government" title="Isle of Man Government">Isle of Man Government</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Northern Ireland Executive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Work areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">Demography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EHealth" title="EHealth">eHealth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">Environment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">Indigenous, minority and lesser-used languages</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_economy" title="Knowledge economy">Knowledge economy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Misuse of drugs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion#Social_inclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social inclusion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Representatives of states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> (of Ireland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Policy_and_Resources_Committee_of_Guernsey" title="President of the Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey">President of the Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of the Isle of Man">Chief Minister of the Isle of Man</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister of Jersey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister of Scotland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister of Wales</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295953#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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