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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%94%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%94%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>性质</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-性质-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关性质子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-物理性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>物理性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>化合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>同位素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发现" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发现"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>发现</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发现-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制取" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制取"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>制取</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-制取-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>用途</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對人體的影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對人體的影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>對人體的影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對人體的影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">锰</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。154种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%9D" title="ማንጋኒዝ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማንጋኒዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A9s" title="Manganés – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Manganés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मैंगनीज – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मैंगनीज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منغنيز – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منغنيز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منݣنيز – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="منݣنيز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منجنيز – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منجنيز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Manganesu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manirtel" title="Manirtel – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Manirtel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manqan" title="Manqan – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manqan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="منگنز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منگنز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan_(datu)" title="Mangan (datu) – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mangan (datu)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganeso" title="Mangganeso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mangganeso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मैंगनीज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैंगनीज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BA" title="မဲန်ဂနီ့သ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မဲန်ဂနီ့သ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C" title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="མེང་ལྕགས། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེང་ལྕགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganez" title="Manganez – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manganez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8s" title="Manganès – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manganès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2ing_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مەنگەنیز – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەنگەنیز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AEs" title="Manganîs – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Manganîs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%B0" title="މެންގަނީޒް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެންގަނީޒް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαγγάνιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγγάνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangano" title="Mangano – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mangano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="منگنز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منگنز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaani" title="Mangaani – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mangaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manganèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Manganês" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangain%C3%A9is" title="Mangainéis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mangainéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaineis" title="Mangaineis – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mangaineis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9D" title="મેંગેનિઝ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મેંગેનિઝ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganaish" title="Manganaish – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Manganaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9F" title="מנגן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="मैंगनीज़ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैंगनीज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8z" title="Manganèz – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Manganèz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mangán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մանգան – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանգան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ӏаьржадаьредаш (химе элемент) – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏаьржадаьредаш (химе элемент)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangano" title="Mangano – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mangano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="マンガン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrmanga" title="jinmrmanga – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrmanga" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მანგანუმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანგანუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%8Bgan%C9%9Bz%C9%A9" title="Maŋganɛzɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maŋganɛzɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಗನೀಸ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಗನೀಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%88" title="망가니즈 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="망가니즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganes" title="Manganes – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Manganes" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganum" title="Manganum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manganum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeise" title="Manganeise – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Manganeise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeis" title="Manganeis – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Manganeis" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA" title="ມັງການີສ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມັງການີສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganas" title="Manganas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manganas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C4%81ns" title="Mangāns – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mangāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мангани – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мангани" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganezy" title="Manganezy – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manganezy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മാംഗനീസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാംഗനീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मँगनीज – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मँगनीज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="မက်ဂနိစ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဂနိစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8s" title="Manganès – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manganès" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganum" title="Manganum – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Manganum" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C" title="ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Марган – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Марган" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਮੈਂਗਨੀਜ਼ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਂਗਨੀਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8is" title="Manganèis – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Manganèis" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مینگانیز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مینگانیز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منگنيز – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منگنيز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manganês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manqanisu" title="Manqanisu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Manqanisu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganu" title="Manganu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Manganu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D" title="मैङ्गनीज् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मैङ्गनीज्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Manganesu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesi" title="Manganesi – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Manganesi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="මැංගනීස් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැංගනීස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mangán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganiis" title="Manganiis – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Manganiis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangani" title="Mangani – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mangani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganisi" title="Manganisi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Manganisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மாங்கனீசு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாங்கனீசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మేంగనీస్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మేంగనీస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA" title="แมงกานีส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมงกานีส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganiso" title="Mangganiso – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mangganiso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganez" title="Manganez – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manganez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مانگان – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مانگان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مینگنیز – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینگنیز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marganets" title="Marganets – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Marganets" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marganc" title="Marganc – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Marganc" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganeso" title="Mangganeso – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mangganeso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9F" title="מאנגאן – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנגאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganisi" title="Manganisi – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Manganisi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" title="錳 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="錳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" title="錳 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="錳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UManyazini" title="UManyazini – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UManyazini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q731#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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.ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" class="extiw" title="en:Manganese">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年9月30日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r77235331">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢"><span title="氫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦"><span title="氦（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氦（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂"><span title="鋰（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋰（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍"><span title="鈹（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈹（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼"><span title="硼（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硼（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳"><span title="碳（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碳（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮"><span title="氮（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氮（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧"><span title="氧（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氧（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟"><span title="氟（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氟（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖"><span title="氖（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氖（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠"><span title="鈉（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈉（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁"><span title="鎂（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎂（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝"><span title="鋁（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋁（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅"><span title="矽（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">矽（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷"><span title="磷（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">磷（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫"><span title="硫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯"><span title="氯（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氯（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩"><span title="氬（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氬（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾"><span title="鉀（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉀（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙"><span title="鈣（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈣（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪"><span title="鈧（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈧（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛"><span title="鈦（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈦（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒"><span title="釩（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釩（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬"><span title="鉻（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉻（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="錳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">錳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁"><span title="鐵（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐵（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴"><span title="鈷（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈷（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍"><span title="鎳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜"><span title="銅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌"><span title="鋅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓"><span title="鎵（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎵（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗"><span title="鍺（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍺（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷"><span title="砷（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砷（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒"><span title="硒（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硒（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴"><span title="溴（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">溴（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪"><span title="氪（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氪（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷"><span title="銣（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銣（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶"><span title="鍶（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍶（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇"><span title="釔（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釔（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆"><span title="鋯（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋯（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌"><span title="鈮（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈮（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼"><span title="鉬（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉬（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝"><span title="鎝（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎝（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌"><span title="釕（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釕（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑"><span title="銠（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銠（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯"><span title="鈀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀"><span title="銀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉"><span title="鎘（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎘（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟"><span title="銦（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銦（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡"><span title="錫（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錫（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑"><span title="銻（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銻（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲"><span title="碲（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碲（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘"><span title="碘（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碘（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙"><span title="氙（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氙（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯"><span title="銫（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銫（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡"><span title="鋇（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋇（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧"><span title="鑭（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑭（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈"><span title="鈰（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈰（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨"><span title="鐠（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐠（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕"><span title="釹（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釹（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷"><span title="鉕（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉕（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐"><span title="釤（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釤（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕"><span title="銪（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銪（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆"><span title="釓（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釓（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽"><span title="鋱（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋱（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝"><span title="鏑（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏑（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬"><span title="鈥（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈥（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒"><span title="鉺（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉺（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥"><span title="銩（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銩（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱"><span title="鐿（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐿（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥"><span title="鎦（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎦（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪"><span title="鉿（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉿（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽"><span title="鉭（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉭（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨"><span title="鎢（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎢（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼"><span title="錸（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錸（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇"><span title="鋨（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋨（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱"><span title="銥（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銥（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂"><span title="鉑（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉑（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金"><span title="金（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">金（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞"><span title="汞（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">汞（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊"><span title="鉈（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉈（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅"><span title="鉛（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉛（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋"><span title="鉍（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉍（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋"><span title="釙（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釙（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹"><span title="砈（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砈（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡"><span title="氡（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氡（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫"><span title="鍅（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍅（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭"><span title="鐳（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐳（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕"><span title="錒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍"><span title="釷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤"><span title="鏷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾"><span title="鈾（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈾（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎"><span title="錼（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錼（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚"><span title="鈽（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈽（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅"><span title="鋂（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋂（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔"><span title="鋦（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋦（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫"><span title="鉳（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉳（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎"><span title="鉲（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉲（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿"><span title="鑀（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑀（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄"><span title="鐨（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐨（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔"><span title="鍆（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍆（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘"><span title="鍩（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍩（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒"><span title="鐒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪"><span title="鑪（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑪（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀"><span title="𨧀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨧀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎"><span title="𨭎（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭎（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏"><span title="𨨏（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨨏（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆"><span title="𨭆（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭆（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑"><span title="䥑（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽"><span title="鐽（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀"><span title="錀（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶"><span title="鎶（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎶（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨"><span title="鉨（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇"><span title="鈇（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈇（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆"><span title="鏌（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝"><span title="鉝（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬"><span title="鿬（預測為鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿬（預測為鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span title="鿫（預測為惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">－<br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>錳</b></span><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">锝</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">铬</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>錳</b></span> → <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">金屬：銀色<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="銀色金屬光澤" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/250px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/375px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/500px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="3368" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">錳（Manganese）·Mn·25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">7</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a>·<a href="/wiki/D%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="D区元素">d</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">54.938043(2)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="氬">Ar</a>] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup><br />2, 8, 13, 2 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_025_Manganese_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="錳的电子層（2, 8, 13, 2）"><img alt="錳的电子層（2, 8, 13, 2）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Electron_shell_025_Manganese_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_025_Manganese_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Electron_shell_025_Manganese_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_025_Manganese_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Electron_shell_025_Manganese_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_025_Manganese_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>錳的电子層（2, 8, 13, 2）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡爾·威廉·舍勒</a>（1774年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">分離</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·戈特利布·甘恩">約翰·戈特利布·甘恩</a>（1774年）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="固態">固態</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="室溫">室温</a>）<br />7.21 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">cm</a><sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>時液體密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5.95 g·cm<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1519 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，1246 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，2275 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2334 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，2061 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，3742 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">12.91 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">221 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">26.32 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a></b><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable nowrap" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>壓/Pa </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>溫/K </td> <td>1228 </td> <td>1347 </td> <td>1493 </td> <td>1691 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>2333 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><b>7</b>, 6, 5, <b>4</b>, 3, <b>2</b>, 1, -1, -2, -3<br />（兩性）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.55（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：717.3 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a><br />第二：1509.0 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />第三：3248 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD%E8%A1%A8" title="电离能表">更多</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">127 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">139±5（低自旋），161±8（高自旋） pm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Manganese_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Manganese_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Manganese_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Manganese_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Manganese_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Manganese_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Manganese_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong>錳的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B1%E7%BA%BF" title="原子谱线">原子谱线</a></strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">體心立方</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="順磁性">順磁性</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8C%96%E7%8E%87" title="磁化率">磁化率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">(α) +529.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol (293 K)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">電阻率</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（20 °C）1.44 µΩ·m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7.81 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">膨脹係數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（25 °C）21.7 µm·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="音速">聲速</a>（細棒）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（20 °C）5150 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="米每秒">m·s<sup>−1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="杨氏模量">杨氏模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">198 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%AF%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="体积模量">体积模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">120 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="莫氏硬度">莫氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="布氏硬度试验">布氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">196 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7439-96-5">7439-96-5</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:#000000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_manganese_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox manganese isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_manganese_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox manganese isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_manganese_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox manganese isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="錳的同位素">錳的同位素</a><br /> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>）</span></small> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>）</span></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>51</sup>Mn </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造同位素">人造</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">45.81 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F" title="分钟">分钟</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">2.186 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>51</sup>Cr </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>52</sup>Mn </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">5.591 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">3.686 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>52</sup>Cr </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>53</sup>Mn </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕量</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">3.7×10<sup>6</sup> <sub><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年">年</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.597 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>53</sup>Cr </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>54</sup>Mn </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">312.081 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">1.377 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>54</sup>Cr </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.696 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>54</sup>Fe </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.355 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>54</sup>Cr </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>55</sup>Mn </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">100% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定</a>，帶30粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>錳</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Manganese</span>），是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为<b>Mn</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为25，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>為<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7001549380430000000♠</span>54.938<span style="margin-left:.25em;">043</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="原子质量单位">u</a></span>。錳在自然界中並不會以純元素<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a>的形式存在，而是經常以與<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>所形成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a>形式被發現。錳是重要工業用<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a>所使用的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a>，特別是用於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%8A%B9%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="不銹鋼">不銹鋼</a>的材料。 </p><p>歷史上，錳的名稱來自生產<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%94%B0%E7%9F%BF" title="软锰矿">軟錳礦</a>以及其他黑色礦物的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="马格尼西亚">馬格尼西亞</a>地區，這個地區的名稱來自其生產<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%90%B5%E7%A4%A6" title="磁鐵礦">磁鐵礦</a>。到了大約18世紀中葉時，瑞典裔德國科學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡爾·威廉·舍勒</a>已經可以利用軟錳礦製造<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氯氣">氯氣</a>。這時，舍勒和其他人已經知道軟錳礦（這時還不知道此為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化錳</a>）含有其他未被發現的元素，但是他們沒辦法分離出這個新元素。直到1774年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·戈特利布·甘恩">約翰·戈特利布·甘恩</a>是第一個可以從具有不純的金屬樣品分離出錳元素的人，他成功的利用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="還原">還原</a>此<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>（含二氧化錳的礦物）得到了錳。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%B3%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錳磷酸化（页面不存在）">錳磷酸化</a>可以用來防止<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼鐵">鋼鐵</a>生鏽或者<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9D%95" class="mw-redirect" title="腐蝕">腐蝕</a>。錳離子可以用於各種顏色的工業<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="染劑">染劑</a>，離子的顏色決定於其不同的其<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化數">氧化數</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼金屬">鹼金屬</a>過錳酸鹽或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9C%9F%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼土族">鹼土族</a>過錳酸鹽是很強的氧化劑。二氧化錳可以用在碳鋅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="電池">電池</a>或者鹼金屬電池中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%A5%B5" title="陰極">陰極</a>材料（電子接受者）。 </p><p>生物上，錳二價離子為具有很多種功能的多樣性<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶">酶</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="輔因子">輔因子</a>，具有錳元素的酶特別為必須處理<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>元素的生物體內去除造成毒性的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8E%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="過氧化自由基（页面不存在）">過氧化自由基</a>的要素。錳同樣作用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>植物中氧元素進化<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AF%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="錯合物">錯合物</a>。雖然錳是生物體內的必須稀有礦物質，然而，當生物體內的錳濃度過高時也可能造成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="神經毒性">神經毒性</a>。特別是經過<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a>，將造成錳中毒，這是一種在哺乳動物中可能會發生的不可逆神經傷害的情況。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性质"><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span>性质</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：性质"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理性質"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>物理性質</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：物理性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>錳是銀灰色<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>，性堅而脆、難熔、易被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a>。錳金屬及其離子皆為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="順磁性">順磁</a>物質。錳在空氣中會緩慢失去光澤，在含氧的水中會氧化（像鐵生鏽）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化合物"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>化合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：化合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>锰的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0" title="氧化数">氧化数</a>有-3至+7，其中以氧化数+2、+4和+7的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a>最重要。 </p><p><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2+<br /></span></span>最稳定，呈粉红色，不容易被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a>，也不容易被<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F" title="还原">还原</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%94%B0" title="硫酸锰">硫酸锰</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">MnSO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="氯化锰">氯化锰</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">MnCl<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>）等属于这氧化数。<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">−<br />4</span></span>和<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>有强氧化性。 </p><p>氧化数+7的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="高锰酸盐">高锰酸盐</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">−<br />4</span></span>）呈紫色，多数是强氧化剂，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="高锰酸钾">高锰酸钾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="高锰酸钠">高锰酸钠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A1" title="高锰酸钡">高锰酸钡</a>等。 </p><p>在酸性溶液中，<span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">3+<br /></span></span>和<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2−<br />4</span></span>均易发生<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="歧化反应">歧化反应</a>： </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2 <span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">3+<br /></span></span> + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>O</span> → <span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2+<br /></span></span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>↓ + 4 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">+<br /></span></span></dd> <dd>3 <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2−<br />4</span></span> + 4 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">+<br /></span></span> → 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">−<br />4</span></span> + <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>↓ + 2 <span class="chemf nowrap">H<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>O</span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>在碱性溶液中，<span class="chemf nowrap">Mn(OH)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>不稳定，易被空气中的氧气氧化为<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>；<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2−<br />4</span></span>也能发生歧化反应，但反应不如在酸性溶液中进行得完全。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锰的氧化物（页面不存在）">锰的氧化物</a>及其<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="水合物">水合物</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="酸碱性">酸碱性</a>的递变规律，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a>中最典型的：随锰的氧化数的升高，酸性逐渐增强。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>锰的氧化物</th> <th>锰的氢氧化物</th> <th>酸碱性 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="一氧化锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO</span></a>（绿）</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%94%B0" title="氢氧化亚锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn(OH)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span></a>（白）</td> <td>碱性 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%94%B0" title="三氧化二锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></a>（棕）</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0(III)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢氧化锰(III)（页面不存在）"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn(OH)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></a>（棕）</td> <td>弱碱性 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span></a>（黑）</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0(IV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢氧化锰(IV)（页面不存在）"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn(OH)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span></a>（棕黑）</td> <td>两性 </td></tr> <tr> <td>—</td> <td>不存在（绿）</td> <td>酸性 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%94%B0" title="七氧化二锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />7</span></span></a>（绿）</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="高锰酸"><span class="chemf nowrap">HMnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span></a>（紫红）</td> <td>强酸性 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">锰的氧化数<sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>0</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E7%BE%B0%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8C%E9%94%B0" title="十羰基二锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>(CO)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />10</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+1</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF%E4%B8%89%E7%BE%B0%E5%9F%BA%E9%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲基环戊二烯三羰基锰（页面不存在）"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnC<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />5</span>H<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span>CH<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span>(CO)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>+2</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="氯化锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnCl<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%94%B0" title="碳酸锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnCO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="一氧化锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="三氟化锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnF<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8%E9%94%B0(III)" title="乙酸锰(III)"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn(OAc)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%94%B0" title="三氧化二锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>+4</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="次锰酸钾"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span>MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="锰酸钾"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>+7</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="高锰酸钾"><span class="chemf nowrap">KMnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%94%B0" title="七氧化二锰"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />7</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><center><small>主要的氧化数以粗体显示。</small></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同位素"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E7.B4.A0"></span>同位素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：同位素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="锰的同位素">锰的同位素</a></div> <p>錳在正常狀況下只存在一個穩定<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>——<sup>55</sup>Mn，此外有二十四個<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性同位素">放射性同位素</a>依照<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>從44到69。而具放射性中最穩定的包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>分別為370萬年、312.3天、5.591天的<sup>53</sup>Mn、<sup>54</sup>Mn和<sup>52</sup>Mn，剩餘的半衰期皆少於三小時，而其中大部分都少於一分鐘。在最大量且穩定的錳同位素<sup>55</sup>Mn，主要的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">衰變方式</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">電子捕獲</a>，而在其後者主要為<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="鐵系元素">鐵系元素</a>被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星爆炸</a>前不久合成巨大<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a>的物質，而錳正是其一。<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>被<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙射線">宇宙射線</a>衝擊會產生<sup>53</sup>Mn，而<sup>53</sup>Mn經過半衰期370萬年會衰變成<sup>53</sup><a href="/wiki/Cr" class="mw-redirect" title="Cr">Cr</a>，因為其相對較短的半衰期，所以<sup>53</sup>Mn較為稀有。錳同位素的含量與<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鉻">鉻</a>同位素的含量有關，因此已經在同位素地質學及<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="放射性定年法">放射性估年法</a>上有所應用。錳和鉻的同位素比強化了<sup>26</sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a>和<sup>107</sup><a href="/wiki/Pd" class="mw-redirect" title="Pd">Pd</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>早期歷史的證明。許多<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="隕石">隕石</a>中<sup>53</sup>Cr/<sup>52</sup>Cr和Mn/Cr間比例的差異顯示出最初<sup>53</sup>Mn/<sup>55</sup>Mn的比例，因此指出相異<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a>中錳和鉻同位素的組成，必定源自於不同的<sup>53</sup>Cr衰變過程。所以<sup>53</sup>Mn提供了太陽系合併前<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="核合成">核合成</a>過程近一步的證明。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发现"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E7.8E.B0"></span>发现</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：发现"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在歷史上，錳的名字源自於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%94%B0%E7%9F%BF" title="软锰矿">軟錳礦</a>及其他來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="馬格尼西亞州">馬格尼西亞州</a>的黑色礦物。 </p><p>18世紀後半<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="化學家">化學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡爾·威廉·舍勒</a>用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%94%B0%E7%9F%BF" title="软锰矿">軟錳礦</a>來生成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氯氣">氯氣</a>時，尚未知道是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化锰</a>，只認為它是一種未知<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>，但舍勒並沒能成功分離此金屬。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·戈特利布·甘恩">约翰·戈特利布·甘恩</a>在1774年才利用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>把兩個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="還原">還原</a>，成功的分離出錳。並將之命名為Manganese（錳），其<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>為magnes，即「具<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="磁性">磁性</a>的」（但只有經過特殊處理的錳才會具有磁性），及元素符號Mn亦從之而來。人們早在1913年就已知錳是組成動物的重要元素之一，但直到1931年才經由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="動物實驗">動物實驗</a>得知和錳有關的症狀。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>锰在地壳含量约1000<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="百萬分率">ppm</a>（0.1%），居元素分布序列中的第12位。 </p><p>錳會以<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%94%B0%E7%9F%BF" title="软锰矿">软锰矿</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>）<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E9%94%B0%E7%9F%BF" title="硬锰矿">硬锰矿</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">(Ba.H<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span>O)2Mn<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />5</span>O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />10</span></span>）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B1%E9%8C%B3%E7%A4%A6" title="菱錳礦">菱锰矿</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">MnCO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span>）等形式存在于自然界中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制取"><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.8F.96"></span>制取</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：制取"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化锰</a>进行<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81%E7%86%B1%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="鋁熱反應">铝热反应</a>可得到单质锰： </p> <dl><dd>4Al+ 3MnO<sub>2</sub>→ 2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+ 3Mn</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用途"><span id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>冶金工业中用以制造特种钢，在钢铁生产上用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0%E9%93%81%E5%90%88%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锰铁合金（页面不存在）">锰铁合金</a>作为去硫剂和去氧剂。 </p><p>此外锰也用作<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0" title="电池">电池</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化锰</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span>）用作<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="棕色">棕色</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9C%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="颜料">颜料</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="高锰酸钾">高锰酸钾</a>（<span class="chemf nowrap">KMnO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span>）用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="氧化剂">氧化剂</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="消毒剂">消毒剂</a>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%8F%BD%E9%8B%BC" title="不鏽鋼">不鏽鋼</a>上用磷酸錳處理可以防鏽及防蝕。工業上會使用不同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化態</a>的錳<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="離子">離子</a>當作不同顏色的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E6%96%99" title="染料">染料</a>。含有<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼金屬">鹼金屬</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9C%9F%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼土族">鹼土族</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="離子">離子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E9%8C%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="過錳酸鹽">過錳酸鹽</a>類是強<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化劑">氧化劑</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%8B%85%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="碳鋅電池">碳鋅電池</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E6%80%A7%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="鹼性電池">鹼性電池</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化錳</a>會被當作<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%A5%B5" title="陰極">陰極</a>使用。在生物學中，錳離子可在多種的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="酵素">酵素</a>中擔任<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="輔因子">輔因子</a>的角色。錳酵素對<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">組織</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="超氧化物">超氧自由基</a>的解毒，清除元素態<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>原子非常重要。錳也會在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>的氧釋放複合體中作用。雖然目前已知所有的有機生命體皆需要微量的錳，但其過量卻會變成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%AF%92%E7%B4%A0" title="神經毒素">神經毒素</a>。尤其過度吸入可以導致錳中毒，有時會造成不可逆的神經危害。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="對人體的影響"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E4.BA.BA.E9.AB.94.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>對人體的影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：對人體的影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese#Biological_role" class="extiw" title="en:Manganese">en:Manganese § Biological role</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">锰 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">危险性 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="全球化学品统一分类和标签制度">GHS危险性符号</a><br />none </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="全球化学品统一分类和标签制度">GHS提示词</a> </td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS危险说明">H-术语</a> </td> <td><span class="abbr skin-invert" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="对水生生物有毒">H401</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E9%98%B2%E8%8C%83%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS防范说明">P-术语</a> </td> <td><span class="abbr skin-invert" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="避免释放到环境中">P273</span>, <span class="abbr skin-invert" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="处置内装物/容器……">P501</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; height: 85px; width: 75px;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div title="可燃性" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 3px; font-size: large;"><span class="abbr" style="color: black;" title="可燃性0級。不會燃燒（如水）。"><b>0</b></span></div> <div title="健康" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; font-size: large;"><span class="abbr" style="color: black;" title="健康危險0級。暴露在火中時對人體造成的危害不超過一般可燃物（如氯化鈉）。"><b>0</b></span></div> <div title="反應性" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;"><span class="abbr" style="color: black;" title="反應性0級。通常情況下穩定，即使暴露於明火中也不反應，並且不與水反應（如液氮）。"><b>0</b></span></div> <div title="其它危險" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 44px; font-size: small;"> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>和其他较普遍的金属相比，锰的毒性较低。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>錳是身體所必需的微量元素之一，可構成生物體中具重要生理功能之<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶">酶</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="輔酶">輔酶</a>，每日攝取約3-9mg。具有以下之功能： </p> <ol><li>促進骨骼之發育以及生長</li> <li>維持腦功能之正常運作</li> <li>維持糖以及脂肪之正常代謝</li> <li>維持細胞粒線體之完整</li> <li>構成輔酶</li></ol> <p>穀類、豆類、蔬菜和甲殼類等食物為錳的主要來源。 </p><p>由於<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>需要錳，所以錳在粒線體多之組織含量較高，常見於<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟">肝臟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E8%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="腎臟">腎臟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="胰臟">胰臟</a>。然而過量錳之攝取依然會對生物有所影響（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%80%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="神经退行性疾病">神经退行性疾病</a>），常見於職業中，其發生原因為吸入含錳濃度高之錳煙及錳塵。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. 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Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1365-3075</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%B0&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert. CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. 1984: E110. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8493-0464-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-8493-0464-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%B0&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.pages=E110&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《无机化学》第四版.高等教育出版社.P<sub>392</sub>. <i>13.4.2 锰的重要化合物</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schmidt, Max. VII. Nebengruppe. Anorganische Chemie II.. Wissenschaftsverlag. 1968: 100–109 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">（德语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%B0&rft.atitle=VII.+Nebengruppe&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.btitle=Anorganische+Chemie+II.&rft.date=1968&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=100-109&rft.pub=Wissenschaftsverlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=US&language=en&productNumber=266167&brand=ALDRICH&PageToGoToURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F266167%3Flang%3Den">https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=US&language=en&productNumber=266167&brand=ALDRICH&PageToGoToURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F266167%3Flang%3Den</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hasan, Heather. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=nRmpEaudmTYC&pg=PA31">Manganese</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. 2008: 31. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4042-1408-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4042-1408-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4042-1408-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%B0&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.aulast=Hasan&rft.btitle=Manganese&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4042-1408-8&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnRmpEaudmTYC%26pg%3DPA31&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>元素锰在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/25.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Mn.html"><span lang="en">EnvironmentalChemistry.com</span> —— 锰</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/025.htm">锰</a>在<i>The Periodic Table of Videos</i>（諾丁漢大學）的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li>元素锰在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Mn">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Mn/index.html">WebElements.com – 锰</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="元素周期表（过渡金属）" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="Template:过渡金属"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="Template talk:过渡金属"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB<br />3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB<br />4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB<br />5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB<br />6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB<br />7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB<br />8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB<br />9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB<br />10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB<br />11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB<br />12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA<br />13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA<br />14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA<br />15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA<br />16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA<br />17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA<br />18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="相關項目" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關項目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E8%99%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="0號元素">0號元素</a></li> <li><a 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title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a>（第一過渡系）</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">钪</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Sc</span></b><br /><small>原子序：21<br />原子量：44.9559<br />熔点（K）：1814<br />沸点（K）：3103<br />电负度：1.36</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">钛</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Ti</span></b><br /><small>原子序：22<br />原子量：47.867<br />熔点（K）：1941<br />沸点（K）：3560<br />电负度：1.54</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">钒</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">V</span></b> <br /><small>原子序：23<br />原子量：50.9415<br />熔点（K）：2163<br />沸点（K）：3653<br />电负度：1.63</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">铬</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr</span></b><br /><small>原子序：24<br />原子量：51.9961<br />熔点（K）：2130<br />沸点（K）：2945<br />电负度：1.66</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">锰</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Mn</span></b><br /><small>原子序：25<br />原子量：54.9380<br />熔点（K）：1517<br />沸点（K）：2235<br />电负度：1.55</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe</span></b><br /><small>原子序：26<br />原子量：55.845<br />熔点（K）：1808<br />沸点（K）：3023<br />电负度：1.83</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">钴</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Co</span></b><br /><small>原子序：27<br />原子量：58.9331<br />熔点（K）：1768<br />沸点（K）：3200<br />电负度：1.88</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">镍</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Ni</span></b><br /><small>原子序：28<br />原子量：58.6934<br />熔点（K）：1728<br />沸点（K）：3186<br />电负度：1.91</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> 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