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text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width: 23em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:#eee; padding: 0.3em;">Александр Флеминг</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="nickname" style="text-align:center; font-style: oblique; font-style: normal"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ағылшын тілі">ағылш.</a> <span lang="en"><i>Sir Alexander Fleming</i></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Туған күні</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P569"><a href="/wiki/6_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="6 тамыз">6 тамыз</a> <a href="/wiki/1881_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1881 жыл">1881 </a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1881-08-06</span>)</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Туған жері</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дарвел (мұндай бет жоқ)">Шығыс Эйршир</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvel" class="extiw" title="en:Darvel">Дарвел</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"> <span class="ref-info" title="ағылшын тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дарвел (мұндай бет жоқ)">қаз.</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ұлыбритания">Ұлыбритания</a>) </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Қайтыс болған күні</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P570"><a href="/wiki/11_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="11 наурыз">11 наурыз</a> <a href="/wiki/1955_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1955 жыл">1955 </a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday">1955-03-11</span>)</span> <span class="nowrap">(73 жас)</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Қайтыс болған жері</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондон</a> (Ұлыбритания) </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Ғылыми аясы</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бактериология">бактериология</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иммунология">иммунология</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Жұмыс орны</th><td class="org" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%81._%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Қас. Мария госпиталі (Лондон) (мұндай бет жоқ)">қас. Мария госпиталі</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London" class="extiw" title="en:St Mary's Hospital, London">St Mary's Hospital, London</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"> <span class="ref-info" title="ағылшын тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Mary%27s_Hospital,_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Mary's Hospital, London (мұндай бет жоқ)">қаз.</a></span></span>) </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Альма-матер</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Килмарнок академиясы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Килмарнок академиясы</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmarnock_Academy" class="extiw" title="en:Kilmarnock Academy">Kilmarnock Academy</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"> <span class="ref-info" title="ағылшын тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilmarnock_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilmarnock Academy (мұндай бет жоқ)">қаз.</a></span></span>) </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Несімен белгілі</th><td class="note" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бензилпенициллин (мұндай бет жоқ)">пенициллинді</a> ашқан </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Марапаттары</th><td class="" style=""> <p><br style="line-height:0;" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Скотт медалі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Джон Скотт медалі</a> (1944) <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Нобель сыйлығы"><img alt="Нобель сыйлығы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы">Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 ғылымдағы жыл (мұндай бет жоқ)">1945</a>) <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Альберт медалі (Корольдік өнер қоғамы) (мұндай бет жоқ)">Альберт медалі (Корольдік өнер қоғамы)</a> (1946)<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Үлгі:Рыцарь-бакалавр (мұндай бет жоқ)">Үлгі:Рыцарь-бакалавр</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Сэр <b>Александр Флеминг</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ағылшын тілі">ағылш.</a> <span lang="en"><i>Sir Alexander Fleming</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/6_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="6 тамыз">6 тамыз</a> <a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">1881</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvel" class="extiw" title="en:Darvel">Дарвел</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"> <span class="ref-info" title="ағылшын тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дарвел (мұндай бет жоқ)">қаз.</a></span></span> — <a href="/wiki/11_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="11 наурыз">11 наурыз</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" class="mw-redirect" title="1955">1955</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондон</a>) — <a href="/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ұлыбритания">британдық</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бактериология">бактериолог</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Лизоцим">Лизоцимді</a> (адам ағзасында өндірілген бактерияға қарсы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ферменттер">фермент</a>) және бірінші рет <i>Penicillium notatum</i> <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Зең саңырауқұлақтары">зең саңырауқұлақтарынан</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пенициллин">пенициллинді</a> — тарихи алғашқы <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Антибиотик">антибиотикті</a> бөліп алған. </p><p>Екі жаңалық та, 1920-ші жылдары және көп дәрежеде кездейсоқ болған. Бірде, Флеминг суық тигізіп алған кезде, ол <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Петри тостағаны">Петри тостағанына</a> мұрнынан шырышын егеді, шырышта <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бактериялар">бактериялар</a> болған, және бірнеше күннен кейін шырыш қолданылған жерлерде, бактериялар жойылғанын байқаған. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Лизоцим">Лизоцим</a> туралы бірінші мақала<a href="/wiki/1922_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1922 жыл">1922 жылы</a> шықты. </p><p>Флемингтың зертханасында бейберекеттілік бір рет оған пайдасын тиігізді. <a href="/wiki/1928_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1928 жыл">1928 жылы</a> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> бактериялары бар Петри кеселеріндегі агарда саңырауқұлақтар колониясы өсіп шыққанын тапқан. Зең айналасында бактериялардың отарлары жасушаларының бұзылуына байланысты мөлдір түстес болған. Флемингу бактериялық жасушаларды жоятын белсенді затты бөліп алып үлгереді, — бұл <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пенициллин">пенициллин</a> болатын, жұмыс <a href="/wiki/1929_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1929 жыл">1929 жылы</a> жарияланды. </p><p>Флеминг дәрі алу өте қиын санап, өзінің ашқанын бағаламаған. Оның жұмысын <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Говард Уолтер Флори">Говард Флори</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Эрнст Борис Чейн">Эрнст Борис Чейн</a> жалғастырды<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, олар пенициллинді тазартатын әдісті әзірленді. Пенициллин жаппай өндірісі <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс">Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс</a> кезінде құрылды. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1945_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1945 жыл">1945 жылы</a> Флеминг, Флори және Чейн <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы">Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығымен</a> марапатталды. </p><p>1999 жылы, «Тайм» журналы Флемингті пенициллинді ашқаны үшін <a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_100:_20_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time 100: 20 ғасырдың батырлары мен кумирлері (мұндай бет жоқ)">ХХ ғасырдың жүз ең маңызды адамдарына</a> жатқызды және айтты: </p><p>«Бұл жаңалық тарих барысын өзгертетін болады. Флеминг <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пенициллин">пенициллин</a> деп аталатын зат, инфекцияға қарсы өте белсенді құрал.» </p><p>Осы қосылыстар мүмкіндігі бағаланған соң, пенициллин бактериялық инфекциялар емдеуде кез келген әдістердің ажырамас бөлігіне айналды. </p><p>Ғасырдың ортасына, Флеминтың ашқан зат фармацевтикалық өнімдерді өндіруге кең жолға қойылды, оның жасанды синтезі жүзеге асырыла бастады, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сифилис (мұндай бет жоқ)">сифилис</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гангрена">гангрена</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Туберкулез">туберкулез</a> сияқты ежелгі аурулардың көпшілігін жеңуге көмектесті. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Мазмұны</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Өмірбаяны"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Өмірбаяны</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Соңғы_жылдары"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Соңғы жылдары</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Дереккөздер"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Дереккөздер</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Сілтемелер"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Сілтемелер</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Өмірбаяны"><span id=".D3.A8.D0.BC.D1.96.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.8F.D0.BD.D1.8B"></span>Өмірбаяны</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Өмірбаяны" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Өмірбаяны"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Александр Флеминг 1881 жылы 6 тамызда Эйршир патшалығында Хью Флеминг есімді фермердің және оның екінші әйелі Грейс (Мортон) Флемингтің отбасысында туды. Ол әкесінің балаларынан жетінші болса,анасының балаларынан үшщінші болған. Александр алты жасқа келгенде, әкесі қайтыс болып, анасына ферманы басқару қалды. Оның көмекшісі оның әкесі жағынан үлкен ағасы Томас болатын. </p><p>Оның иммунологиядан, ортақ бактериологиядан және химиотерапиядан еңбектері бар. 1922 жылы лизоцимді ашты. 1929 жылы саңырауқұлақтардың бір түрі антибактериалды зат <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пенициллин">пенициллин</a> бөлетіндіген анықтады. 1945 жылы патолог <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Говард Уолтер Флори">Хауард Уолтер Флори</a> мен биохимик <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Эрнст Борис Чейн">Эрнст Борис Чейнмен</a> бірге Нобель сыйлығын алды. 1943 жылы Лондон патшалық қауымының мүшесі атанды,1946 жылы Париж ҒА мүшесі болды. Ортақ микробиология қауымының алғашқы президенті. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Соңғы_жылдары"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BE.D2.A3.D2.93.D1.8B_.D0.B6.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Соңғы жылдары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Соңғы жылдары" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Соңғы жылдары"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1955 жылы Флеминг өзінің Лондондағы үйінде жүрек ақауынан қаза тапты. Оны бір аптадан кейін Әулие Павл соборында жаназалады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Grandin, ed. (1945). «Alexander Fleming Biography». Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-07-24.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сілтемелер"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.96.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Сілтемелер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Сілтемелер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Сілтемелер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming.html">Нобель комитетінің сайтындағы өмірбаяны</a>  <span class="ref-info" title="ағылшын тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://subscribe.ru/archive/tech.electrotech/200610/10080543.html#11">Электр техникалық энциклопедиясы. Табиғаттағы кездейсоқтық оқиғалар</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eternaltown.com.ua/content/view/8929/2/">Александр Флеминг туралы, Марлен Дитрих «Ой толғау» (Размышления) кітабынан үзінді</a> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101117134544/http://eternaltown.com.ua/content/view/8929/2/">Мұрағатталған</a> 17 қарашаның 2010 жылы.</small></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1926-1950" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1926-1950" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1926-1950&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%">1926-1950 жылдардағы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Физиология немесе медицина саласында Нобель сыйлығы лауреаттарының тізімі">Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығының лауреаттары</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Йоханнес Андреас Гриб Фибигер">Йоханнес Фибигер</a> (1926) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%AF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3" title="Юлиус Вагнер-Яурегг">Юлиус Вагнер-Яурегг</a> (1927) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Шарль Николь">Шарль Николь</a> (1928) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Христиан Эйкман">Христиан Эйкман</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Фредерик Гоуленд Хопкинс">Фредерик Хопкинс</a> (1929) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Ландштейнер">Карл Ландштейнер</a> (1930) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Отто Генрих Варбург">Отто Варбург</a> (1931) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Скотт Шеррингтон">Чарлз Шеррингтон</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдгар Дуглас Эдриан">Эдгар Эдриан</a> (1932) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Томас Хант Морган">Томас Морган</a> (1933) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BB" title="Джордж Уиппл">Джордж Уиппл</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Джордж Майнот">Джордж Майнот</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Уильям Мерфи">Уильям Мерфи</a> (1934) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ханс Шпеман">Ханс Шпеман</a> (1935) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Генри Дейл">Генри Дейл</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Отто Леви">Отто Леви</a> (1936) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Альберт Сент-Дьерди">Альберт Сент-Дьерди</a> (1937) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Корней Хейманс">Корней Хейманс</a> (1938) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BA" title="Герхард Домагк">Герхард Домагк</a> (1939) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хенрик Карл Петер Дам">Хенрик Дам</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Эдуард Адальберт Дойзи">Эдуард Дойзи</a> (1943) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джозеф Эрлангер">Джозеф Эрлангер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герберт Спенсер Гассер">Герберт Гассер</a> (1944) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Александр Флеминг</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Эрнст Борис Чейн">Эрнст Чейн</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Говард Уолтер Флори">Говард Флори</a> (1945) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герман Джозеф Меллер">Герман Меллер</a> (1946) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Карл Фердинанд Кори">Карл Кори</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Герти Тереза Кори">Герти Кори</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Бернардо Альберто Усай">Бернардо Усай</a> (1947) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пауль Герман Мюллер">Пауль Мюллер</a> (1948) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Уолтер Гесс">Уолтер Гесс</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83_%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Антониу Эгаш Мониш">Эгаш Мониш</a> (1949) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Эдуард Кендалл">Эдуард Кендалл</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Тадеуш Рейхштейн">Тадеуш Рейхштейн</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87" title="Филип Хенч">Филип Хенч</a> (1950)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Үлгі:Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы">Толық тізім</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1901-1925" title="Үлгі:Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығының Лауреаттары 1901-1925">1901—1925</a> | <b>1926—1950</b> | <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1951-1975" title="Үлгі:Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығының Лауреаттары 1951-1975">1951—1975</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1976-2000" title="Үлгі:Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығының Лауреаттары 1976-2000">1976—2000</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_2001-2025" title="Үлгі:Физиология немесе медицина саласындағы Нобель сыйлығының Лауреаттары 2001-2025">2001-ден бері</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Александр_Флеминг&oldid=3115100">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Александр_Флеминг&oldid=3115100</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санаттар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар">Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0_%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Алфавит бойынша ғалымдар">Алфавит бойынша ғалымдар</a></li><li><a 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href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Лондонда қайтыс болғандар">Лондонда қайтыс болғандар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Санат:Алфавит бойынша Нобель сыйлығының иегерлері">Алфавит бойынша Нобель сыйлығының иегерлері</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Санат:Медицина 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title="Санат:Лондон корольдік қоғамы">Лондон корольдік қоғамы</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Санат:Папа ғылым академиясының мүшелері">Папа ғылым академиясының мүшелері</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Санат:Шотландия масондары (мұндай бет жоқ)">Шотландия масондары</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Навигация мәзірі</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span 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aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Басқа жобаларда</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" hreflang="en"><span>Ортаққор</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37064" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Басқа тілдерде</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – арагон тілі" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC" title="ألكسندر فلمنج – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر فلمنج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC" title="الكسندر فلمنج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر فلمنج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ফ্লেমিং – ассам тілі" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ফ্লেমিং" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Fleminq" title="Aleksandr Fleminq – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksandr Fleminq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="الکساندر فلمینگ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکساندر فلمینگ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Александр Флеминг – башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Александр Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Аляксандр Флемінг – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр Флемінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Аляксандар Флемінг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аляксандар Флемінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Александър Флеминг – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="অ্যালেকজান্ডার ফ্লেমিং – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালেকজান্ডার ফ্লেমিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئەلیکساندەر فلیمین – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلیکساندەر فلیمین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Αλεξάντερ Φλέμινγκ – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεξάντερ Φλέμινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="الکساندر فلمینگ – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر فلمینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – фарер тілі" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – шотландиялық гэль тілі" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландиялық гэль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97" title="એલેક્ઝાન્ડર ફ્લેમિંગ – гуджарати тілі" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="એલેક્ઝાન્ડર ફ્લેમિંગ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="אלכסנדר פלמינג – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר פלמינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="अलेक्ज़ांडर फ्लेमिङ – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अलेक्ज़ांडर फ्लेमिङ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80_%D5%96%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Ալեքսանդր Ֆլեմինգ – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեքսանդր Ֆլեմինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="アレクサンダー・フレミング – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンダー・フレミング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ალექსანდერ ფლემინგი – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსანდერ ფლემინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಫ್ಲೆಮಿಂಗ್‌ – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಫ್ಲೆಮಿಂಗ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%8D" title="알렉산더 플레밍 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산더 플레밍" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – люксембург тілі" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandrs_Flemings" title="Aleksandrs Flemings – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aleksandrs Flemings" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – малагаси тілі" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Александар Флеминг – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Александар Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="അലക്സാണ്ടർ ഫ്ലെമിങ് – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലക്സാണ്ടർ ഫ്ലെമിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Александр Флеминг – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Александр Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="अलेक्झांडर फ्लेमिंग – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अलेक्झांडर फ्लेमिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အလက်ဇန္ဒား ဖလင်းမင်း – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလက်ဇန္ဒား ဖလင်းမင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="الکساندر فلمینگ – мазандеран тілі" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="الکساندر فلمینگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеран тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="अलेक्जेन्डर फ्लेमिङ – непал тілі" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अलेक्जेन्डर फ्लेमिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="अलेक्जेन्डर फ्लेमिङ – невар тілі" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अलेक्जेन्डर फ्लेमिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97" title="ଆଲେକ୍‌ଜାଣ୍ଡର ଫ୍ଲେମିଙ୍ଗ – ория тілі" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଲେକ୍‌ଜାଣ୍ଡର ଫ୍ଲେମିଙ୍ଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਅਲੈਗਜ਼ੈਂਡਰ ਫ਼ਲੈਮਿੰਗ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲੈਗਜ਼ੈਂਡਰ ਫ਼ਲੈਮਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – пампанга тілі" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF" title="الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%DA%AB" title="الکساندر فلمېنګ – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الکساندر فلمېنګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80" title="Флеминг, Александр – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флеминг, Александр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Александер Флеминг – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Александер Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D" title="सर् अलेक्साण्डर् प्लेमिङ्ग् – санскрит тілі" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सर् अलेक्साण्डर् प्लेमिङ्ग्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82" title="ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් ෆ්ලෙමිං – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් ෆ්ලෙමිං" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Fileming" title="Aleksander Fileming – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aleksander Fileming" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Александер Флеминг – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александер Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya-li-san-ta.Bow-la-min" title="Ya-li-san-ta.Bow-la-min – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ya-li-san-ta.Bow-la-min" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="அலெக்சாண்டர் பிளெமிங் – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலெக்சாண்டர் பிளெமிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಫ್ಲೆಮಿಂಗ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಫ್ಲೆಮಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="అలెగ్జాండర్ ఫ్లెమింగ్ – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అలెగ్జాండర్ ఫ్లెమింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="อเล็กซานเดอร์ เฟลมมิง – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อเล็กซานเดอร์ เฟลมมิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D2%A3" title="Александер Флемиң – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Александер Флемиң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Александер Флемінг – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Александер Флемінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF" title="الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E" title="亚历山大·弗莱明 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚历山大·弗莱明" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ალექსანდერ ფლემინგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალექსანდერ ფლემინგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – йоруба тілі" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E" title="亚历山大·弗莱明 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚历山大·弗莱明" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alexander Fleming" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E" title="弗萊明 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="弗萊明" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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