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accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/3_december"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Premenstrueel+syndroom" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Premenstrueel+syndroom" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Premenstrueel+syndroom" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Behandeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behandeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Behandeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behandeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Premenstrueel syndroom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 49 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="متلازمة سابقة للحيض – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متلازمة سابقة للحيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Перадменструальны сіндром – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перадменструальны сіндром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Перадмэнструальны сындром – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Перадмэнструальны сындром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Предменструален синдром – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Предменструален синдром" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="রজঃস্রাবের পূর্বের লক্ষণ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রজঃস্রাবের পূর্বের লক্ষণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_premenstrual" title="Síndrome premenstrual – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Síndrome premenstrual" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrua%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syndrom" title="Premenstruační syndrom – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Premenstruační syndrom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6menstruelt_syndrom" title="Præmenstruelt syndrom – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præmenstruelt syndrom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4menstruelles_Syndrom" title="Prämenstruelles Syndrom – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prämenstruelles Syndrom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Προεμμηνορροϊκό σύνδρομο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προεμμηνορροϊκό σύνδρομο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome" title="Premenstrual syndrome – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Premenstrual syndrome" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta%C5%ADmenstrua_simptomaro" title="Antaŭmenstrua simptomaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antaŭmenstrua simptomaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_premenstrual" title="Síndrome premenstrual – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Síndrome premenstrual" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruazioaren_aurreko_sindrome" title="Menstruazioaren aurreko sindrome – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Menstruazioaren aurreko sindrome" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="سندرم پیشاقاعدگی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سندرم پیشاقاعدگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuukautisia_edelt%C3%A4v%C3%A4_oireyhtym%C3%A4" title="Kuukautisia edeltävä oireyhtymä – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuukautisia edeltävä oireyhtymä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_pr%C3%A9menstruel" title="Syndrome prémenstruel – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syndrome prémenstruel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siondr%C3%B3m/teannas_r%C3%A9amh-mh%C3%ADosta" title="Siondróm/teannas réamh-mhíosta – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siondróm/teannas réamh-mhíosta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תסמונת קדם-וסתית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תסמונת קדם-וסתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5" title="प्रागार्तव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रागार्तव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predmenstrualni_sindrom" title="Predmenstrualni sindrom – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predmenstrualni sindrom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstru%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_szindr%C3%B3ma" title="Premenstruációs szindróma – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Premenstruációs szindróma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Նախադաշտանային համախտանիշ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախադաշտանային համախտանիշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindrom_prahaid" title="Sindrom prahaid – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sindrom prahaid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindrome_premestruale" title="Sindrome premestruale – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sindrome premestruale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%B5%8C%E5%89%8D%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" title="月経前症候群 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="月経前症候群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%97" title="ಮುಟ್ಟಿನ ಮುಂಚಿನ ಉದ್ವೇಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಟ್ಟಿನ ಮುಂಚಿನ ಉದ್ವೇಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%84_%EC%A6%9D%ED%9B%84%EA%B5%B0" title="월경전 증후군 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="월경전 증후군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prie%C5%A1menstruacinis_sindromas" title="Priešmenstruacinis sindromas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Priešmenstruacinis sindromas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Пременструален синдром – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пременструален синдром" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രീമെൻസ്ട്രൽ സിൻഡ്രോം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രീമെൻസ്ട്രൽ സിൻഡ്രോം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit_senggugut" title="Penyakit senggugut – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyakit senggugut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstruelt_syndrom" title="Premenstruelt syndrom – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Premenstruelt syndrom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC_%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C" title="ପ୍ରାକ୍ ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ଲକ୍ଷଣପୁଞ୍ଜ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରାକ୍ ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ଲକ୍ଷଣପୁଞ୍ଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_napi%C4%99cia_przedmiesi%C4%85czkowego" title="Zespół napięcia przedmiesiączkowego – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zespół napięcia przedmiesiączkowego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_de_tens%C3%A3o_pr%C3%A9-menstrual" title="Síndrome de tensão pré-menstrual – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Síndrome de tensão pré-menstrual" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Предменструальный синдром – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Предменструальный синдром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome" title="Premenstrual syndrome – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Premenstrual syndrome" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predmenstruacijski_sindrom" title="Predmenstruacijski sindrom – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predmenstruacijski sindrom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Предменструални синдром – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Предменструални синдром" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindrom_Prahed" title="Sindrom Prahed – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sindrom Prahed" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstruellt_syndrom" title="Premenstruellt syndrom – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Premenstruellt syndrom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="மாதவிடாய் நோய்க்குறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாதவிடாய் நோய்க்குறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF.%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D.%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="పి.ఎమ్.ఎస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పి.ఎమ్.ఎస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstr%C3%BCel_sendrom" title="Premenstrüel sendrom – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Premenstrüel sendrom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Күрем алды синдромы – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күрем алды синдромы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="spoiler" align="center" style="margin:1em auto; width:fit-content; overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:0.5em; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:0.1em 0.2em;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculaap"><img alt="Esculaap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/26px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/40px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/53px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-wrap:balance;"><small>Neem het <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbehoud_bij_medische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Voorbehoud bij medische informatie"><i><b>voorbehoud bij medische informatie</b></i></a> in acht.<br />Raadpleeg bij gezondheidsklachten een <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">arts</a>.</small></div> </div></div> <p>Het <b>premenstrueel syndroom</b> (PMS) is een groep klachten of symptomen die bij sommige <a href="/wiki/Vrouw" title="Vrouw">vrouwen</a> vlak voor de <a href="/wiki/Menstruatie" title="Menstruatie">menstruatie</a> optreden. Volgens de patiëntenfolder van het <a href="/wiki/VU_medisch_centrum" class="mw-redirect" title="VU medisch centrum">VU medisch centrum</a> heeft ongeveer 4% van de vrouwen tussen 15 en 45 jaar last van PMS. Volgens de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Obstetrie_Gynaecologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Obstetrie Gynaecologie (de pagina bestaat niet)">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Obstetrie Gynaecologie</a> gaat het om 25 procent van de vrouwen tussen de 15 en 45 jaar<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Uit onderzoek door gynaecoloog Bertho Nieboer in 2017 kwam naar voren dat zo'n drie op de vier vrouwen PMS ervaren, maar hiermee niet naar de huisarts gaan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Deze percentages hangen sterk samen met de gehanteerde criteria: er is geen duidelijke natuurlijke afbakening tussen PMS en normaal gedrag en iedere grenslijn die men trekt tussen normaal en abnormaal is noodzakelijkerwijs arbitrair. Het syndroom hoeft niet gedurende de gehele vruchtbare periode te bestaan: het is ook mogelijk dat het ontstaat na het dertigste levensjaar of na het krijgen van kinderen. </p><p>De voornaamste met PMS geassocieerde lichamelijke klachten zijn huilbuien (zonder depressieve gevoelens), duizeligheid, hartkloppingen, <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpijn" title="Hoofdpijn">hoofdpijn</a>, strakke <a href="/wiki/Huid" title="Huid">huid</a>, opgezwollen <a href="/wiki/Borst" title="Borst">borsten</a> en buikpijn. Psychisch kan de vrouw last hebben van <a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">angstigheid</a>, depressieve gevoelens, nervositeit, prikkelbaarheid en <a href="/wiki/Agressie" title="Agressie">agressie</a>. </p><p>Er zijn vele hypothesen over de oorzaak van deze klachten, die alle buiten de context van een PMS ook 'gewoon' of in andere situaties (bijvoorbeeld zwangerschap) voor kunnen komen. Geen van deze hypothesen is wetenschappelijk hardgemaakt. Sommigen menen dat de wisseling in het progesterongehalte in de tweede week van de cyclus aan de basis ligt van PMS. Onderzoek daarnaar is niet doorslaggevend.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wellicht blijft bij vrouwen met ernstige PMS-klachten de progesteronspiegel te laag, zodat het hormoon oestrogeen de overhand kan houden. Andere theorieën zoeken het in het hormoon prolactine, dat onder andere zorgt voor het op gang komen en onderhouden van de melkproductie bij het zogen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er wordt ook geopperd dat een tekort aan <a href="/wiki/Pyridoxine" title="Pyridoxine">vitamine B6</a> aanleiding zou kunnen geven tot PMS-klachten.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 werd de neurotransmitter <a href="/wiki/Serotonine" title="Serotonine">serotonine</a>, een van de stoffen die signalen overbrengen tussen bepaalde hersencellen, aan het lijstje toegevoegd. Vrouwen met PMS blijken een lager serotoninegehalte te hebben, zodat ze depressief, angstig of snel kwaad worden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overigens is een verlaagd serotoninegehalte een verschijnsel dat ook wordt gezien bij depressies; dit is de basis waarop de werkzaamheid van de meeste <a href="/wiki/Antidepressiva" title="Antidepressiva">antidepressiva</a> berust. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behandeling">Behandeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premenstrueel_syndroom&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Behandeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premenstrueel_syndroom&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Behandeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elk van deze theorieën biedt, uitgaande van de veronderstelde oorzaak, zijn eigen oplossingen om de PMS-klachten te verminderen. Wat al lang bekend was, is dat het gebruik van de <a href="/wiki/Anticonceptiepil" title="Anticonceptiepil">anticonceptiepil</a> de klachten vaak, al dan niet gedeeltelijk, wegneemt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geneesmiddelen die het serotoninegehalte verhogen (zoals enkele antidepressiva), blijken bij 80 tot 90% van de vrouwen succesvol te zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In België bestaat sinds 2014 een geregistreerd geneesmiddel (Donnafyta Premens(R)) op basis van de monnikspeper (<i>Vitex agnus-castus</i>). Dit geneesmiddel bevat geen hormonen, maar door de werking op de dopaminereceptoren is wel een hoge doeltreffendheid aangetoond. Buiten deze drie geregistreerde manieren om PMS en <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMDD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMDD (de pagina bestaat niet)">PMDD</a> te bestrijden zoeken mensen ook weleens hun heil bij alternatievere oplossingen. Volgens de Italiaanse arts Fabio Facchinetti ligt de oplossing in het oraal toedienen van <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn stelling wordt nog onderzocht. Ook wordt gesteld dat het drinken van een paar glazen melk (calcium) per dag de klachten vermindert. Volgens voorstanders van <a href="/wiki/Homeopathie" title="Homeopathie">homeopathie</a> doet gebruik van deze middelen PMS-klachten verbeteren.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De werking van homeopathie is echter nooit wetenschappelijk bewezen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dat er nog altijd geen goed werkende medicatie voorhanden is kan te maken hebben met het feit dat er relatief weinig onderzoek naar PMS wordt gedaan (er wordt bijvoorbeeld 5 keer meer onderzoek gedaan naar (pijnloze) erectieproblemen dan naar premenstruatieproblemen).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premenstrueel_syndroom&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premenstrueel_syndroom&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvog.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Richtlijn-Premenstrueel-Syndroom.pdf">Patiëntenfolder van de NVOG</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmddnederland.nl">Stichting PMDD Nederland</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Opzij, nr 11 2017 - 45ste jaargang</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ad.nl/nijmegen/menstruatie-is-een-onderschat-probleem~a1687a81/">Bertho Nieboer: Menstruatie is een onderschat probleem</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Algemeen_Dagblad" title="Algemeen Dagblad">Algemeen Dagblad</a></i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2018-02-16">16 februari 2018</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22419287">Progesteron vs PMS</a> Onderzoek op Pubmed.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701164754/http://www.naturalnurse.com/pms.htm#_ednref11">PMS vs prolactine, bronnen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110317050126/http://www.cks.nhs.uk/premenstrual_syndrome/evidence/supporting_evidence/treatments_not_recommended_in_primary_care/vitamin_b6">NHS Clinical Knowledge Summary</a>: "Vitamin B6 may be effective for treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS), but the evidence is of low quality..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Ole Eriksson et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psyn-journal.com/article/S0925-4927%2805%2900215-5/abstract">Mood changes correlate to changes in brain serotonin precursor trapping in women with premenstrual dysphoria</a>. <i>Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging</i> 146:2 (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Lori Dickerson et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0415/p1743.html">Premenstrual syndrome</a>. <i>American Family Physician</i> 67:8 (2003): "Although oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are widely prescribed for the management of PMS, they have not been shown to be consistently effective."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Nirav R. Shah et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/2008/05000/Selective_Serotonin_Reuptake_Inhibitors_for.24.aspx">Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Meta-Analysis</a>. <i>Obstetrics & Gynecology</i> 111:5 (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>F. Facchinetti et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2067759">Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes</a>. <i>Obstetrics & Gynecology</i> 78:2 (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Yakir M et al. Effects of homeopathic treatment in women with premenstrual syndrome: a pilot study. <i>British Homeopathic Journal</i>. 2001;90:148-53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://forum.skepp.be/viewtopic.php?t=394">http://forum.skepp.be/viewtopic.php?t=394</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2019"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Caroline Criado Perez</a></span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ton Heuvelmans</span> (2019). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1123180307">Onzichtbare vrouwen - waarom we leven in een wereld voor en door mannen ontworpen</a></i></cite>. Prometheus, Amsterdam. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-446-4271-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-446-4271-1">ISBN 978-90-446-4271-1</a></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premenstrueel_syndroom&oldid=65433741">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premenstrueel_syndroom&oldid=65433741</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Menstruatieklacht" title="Categorie:Menstruatieklacht">Menstruatieklacht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Syndroom" title="Categorie:Syndroom">Syndroom</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 25 aug 2023 om 19:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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