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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&params=42_39_41_N_89_52_36_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°39′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">89°52′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.66139°N 89.87667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.66139; -89.87667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Black Hawk War battle. For the 1814 Creek War battle of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend">Battle of Horseshoe Bend</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Horseshoe Bend</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pecatonica_Battleground1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pecatonica_Battleground1.jpg/250px-Pecatonica_Battleground1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pecatonica_Battleground1.jpg/375px-Pecatonica_Battleground1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pecatonica_Battleground1.jpg/500px-Pecatonica_Battleground1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="433" /></a></span><br />An 1857 painting of the battlefield at Horseshoe Bend.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>June 16, 1832</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Near present-day <a href="/wiki/Woodford,_Wisconsin" title="Woodford, Wisconsin">Woodford, Wisconsin</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&params=42_39_41_N_89_52_36_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°39′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">89°52′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.66139°N 89.87667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.66139; -89.87667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> United States victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281822-1836%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281822-1836%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281822-1836%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281822-1836%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281822-1836%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281822-1836%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a>; loosely affiliated with Black Hawk's <a href="/wiki/British_Band" title="British Band">British Band</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Henry Dodge</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 30</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 11</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 3 <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">KIA</a><br />1 <a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action">WIA</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 11 KIA</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Black_Hawk_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Black Hawk War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Black_Hawk_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Black Hawk War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Black_Hawk_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Black Hawk War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Hawk_War1763" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor_attacks_of_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Minor attacks of the Black Hawk War">Minor battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run">Stillman's Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove_ambush" title="Buffalo Grove ambush">Buffalo Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_River_raid" title="Plum River raid">Plum River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre" title="Indian Creek massacre">Indian Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_massacre" title="St. Vrain massacre">St. Vrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_at_Fort_Blue_Mounds" title="Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds">Fort Blue Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spafford_Farm_massacre" title="Spafford Farm massacre">Spafford Farm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waddams_Grove" title="Battle of Waddams Grove">Waddams Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Battle of Kellogg's Grove">Kellogg's Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Ament%27s_Cabin" title="Attack at Ament's Cabin">Ament's Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apple_River_Fort" title="Battle of Apple River Fort">Apple River Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa_Mound_raid" title="Sinsinawa Mound raid">Sinsinawa Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights" title="Battle of Wisconsin Heights">Wisconsin Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bad_Axe" title="Battle of Bad Axe">Bad Axe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Pecatonica Battlefield</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Wisconsin_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832) is located in Wisconsin"><img alt="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832) is located in Wisconsin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/USA_Wisconsin_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Wisconsin_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/USA_Wisconsin_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Wisconsin_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/USA_Wisconsin_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Wisconsin_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:93.056%;left:45.383%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832)"><img alt="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Wisconsin</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832) is located in the United States"><img alt="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832) is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.932%;left:59.75%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832)"><img alt="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">2995 County Road Y</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Nearest city</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Woodford,_Wisconsin" title="Woodford, Wisconsin">Woodford, Wisconsin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&params=42_39_40_N_89_52_40_W_type:landmark_region:US-WI"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°39′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">89°52′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.66111°N 89.87778°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.66111; -89.87778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/11000488">11000488</a><sup id="cite_ref-nps_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">July 28, 2011</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Battle of Horseshoe Bend</b>, also referred to as the <b>Battle of Pecatonica</b> and the <b>Battle of Bloody Lake</b>, was fought on June 16, 1832, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> at an <a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">oxbow lake</a> known as "Horseshoe Bend", which was formed by a change in course of the <a href="/wiki/Pecatonica_River" title="Pecatonica River">Pecatonica River</a>. The battle was a major turning point in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a>, despite being of only minor military significance. The small victory won by the U.S. militia at Horseshoe Bend helped restore public confidence in the volunteer force following an embarrassing defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run">Stillman's Run</a>. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend ended with three militia men killed in action and a party of eleven <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a> warriors dead. </p><p>The militia men involved in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend proved their ability to obey orders, act as a disciplined unit, and show bravery. Unlike at Stillman's Run, the troops waited for Colonel <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Henry Dodge</a>'s commands before acting on the field of battle. When ordered to charge, the men obeyed and eventually won a fight that descended into a bloody <a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand-to-hand">hand-to-hand</a> battle. A memorial marker was erected to commemorate the battle in 1922. Today the battleground at Horseshoe Bend is a county park. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a consequence of an 1804 treaty between <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a> and a group of <a href="/wiki/Sauk_and_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauk and Fox">Sauk and Fox</a> leaders regarding land settlement, the Sauk and Fox tribes vacated their lands in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and moved west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> in 1828. However, Sauk Chief <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_(chief)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hawk (chief)">Black Hawk</a> and others disputed the treaty, claiming that the full tribal councils had not been consulted, nor did those representing the tribes have authorization to cede lands.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angered by the loss of his birthplace, between 1830 and 1831 Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, but was persuaded to return west each time without bloodshed. In April 1832, encouraged by promises of alliance with other tribes and the British, he again moved his so-called "British Band" of around 1000 warriors and non-combatants into Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding no allies, he attempted to return to <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, but the undisciplined Illinois Militia force's actions led to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run">Battle of Stillman's Run</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wiscsr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiscsr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of other small skirmishes and massacres followed and the <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militias</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> and Illinois were mobilized to hunt down Black Hawk's Band. The conflict became known as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a>. </p><p>The period between Stillman's Run and Horseshoe Bend was filled with war-related activity. A series of attacks at <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove,_Ogle_County,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Grove, Ogle County, Illinois">Buffalo Grove</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Savanna,_Illinois" title="Savanna, Illinois">Plum River settlement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mounds_Fort" title="Blue Mounds Fort">Fort Blue Mounds</a> and the war's most famous incident, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre" title="Indian Creek massacre">Indian Creek massacre</a>, all took place between mid-May and late June 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-indcr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indcr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the week before the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Henry Dodge</a> of the western Michigan Territory militia was busy responding to various incidents across the region. On the afternoon of June 8, 1832, Dodge and his men, including <a href="/wiki/James_W._Stephenson" title="James W. Stephenson">James W. Stephenson</a>, proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Kellogg's Grove">Kellogg's Grove</a> and buried the victims of the <a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_massacre" title="St. Vrain massacre">St. Vrain massacre</a>. That night Stephenson returned to <a href="/wiki/Galena,_Illinois" title="Galena, Illinois">Galena, Illinois</a>, while Dodge moved to Hickory Point where he remained overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-blackhawk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackhawk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next morning Dodge set out for <a href="/wiki/Dixon%27s_Ferry" title="Dixon's Ferry">Dixon's Ferry</a>, where he camped with General <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Brady_(general)" title="Hugh Brady (general)">Hugh Brady</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 172px; top: 164px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 180px; top: 163px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run">Stillman's Run</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 147px; top: 164px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove_ambush" title="Buffalo Grove ambush"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 81px; top: 163px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove_ambush" title="Buffalo Grove ambush">Buffalo Grove</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 110px; top: 154px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Plum_River_raid" title="Plum River raid"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 57px; top: 153px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Plum_River_raid" title="Plum River raid">Plum River</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 199px; top: 202px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre" title="Indian Creek massacre"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 199px; top: 191px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre" title="Indian Creek massacre">Indian Creek</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 128px; top: 138px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_massacre" title="St. Vrain massacre"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 136px; top: 137px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_massacre" title="St. Vrain massacre">St. Vrain</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 137px; top: 74px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_at_Fort_Blue_Mounds" title="Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 145px; top: 73px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_at_Fort_Blue_Mounds" title="Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds">Fort Blue Mounds</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 123px; top: 108px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Spafford_Farm_massacre" title="Spafford Farm massacre"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 131px; top: 107px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Spafford_Farm_massacre" title="Spafford Farm massacre">Spafford Farm</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 129px; top: 99px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 137px; top: 98px; padding: 0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Horseshoe Bend</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 131px; top: 125px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waddams_Grove" title="Battle of Waddams Grove"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 139px; top: 124px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waddams_Grove" title="Battle of Waddams Grove">Waddams Grove</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 126px; top: 135px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Battle of Kellogg's Grove"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 52px; top: 135px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Battle of Kellogg's Grove">Kellogg's Grove</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 165px; top: 211px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Ament%27s_Cabin" title="Attack at Ament's Cabin"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 173px; top: 210px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Ament%27s_Cabin" title="Attack at Ament's Cabin">Ament's Cabin</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 105px; top: 130px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apple_River_Fort" title="Battle of Apple River Fort"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 36px; top: 120px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apple_River_Fort" title="Battle of Apple River Fort">Apple River Fort</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 81px; top: 113px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa_Mound_raid" title="Sinsinawa Mound raid"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 5px; top: 103px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa_Mound_raid" title="Sinsinawa Mound raid">Sinsinawa Mound</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 140px; top: 51px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights" title="Battle of Wisconsin Heights"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 148px; top: 50px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights" title="Battle of Wisconsin Heights">Wisconsin Heights</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 40px; top: 23px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Bad_Axe_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Axe Massacre"><span style="float:left; width:8px; height:8px; font-size:8px; line-height:8px; word-spacing:8px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 48px; top: 22px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Bad_Axe_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Axe Massacre">Bad Axe</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 287px; top: 180px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dearborn" title="Fort Dearborn"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 154px; top: 178px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; 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left: 48px; top: 71px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Prairie_du_Chien,_Wisconsin" title="Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 127px; top: 194px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Prophetstown,_Illinois" title="Prophetstown, Illinois"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 189px; top: 117px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 184px; top: 137px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 144px; top: 133px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:8px; height:8px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:5px; z-index:5;"><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Illinois" title="Freeport, Illinois"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 80px; top: 1px; padding: 0;">Michigan Territory (Wisconsin)</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 200px; top: 260px; padding: 0;">Illinois</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 173px; padding: 0;">Unorganized <br />Territory (Iowa)</div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Hawk_path.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Locator map of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois showing location of battles described in the text, the battles are clustered in northeast Illinois and southeast Wisconsin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Black_Hawk_path.png/300px-Black_Hawk_path.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Black_Hawk_path.png/450px-Black_Hawk_path.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Black_Hawk_path.png/600px-Black_Hawk_path.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div><div class="infobox-caption">Map of Black Hawk War sites<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Battle_X.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/8px-Red_Battle_X.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/12px-Red_Battle_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red_Battle_X.png/16px-Red_Battle_X.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="154" /></a></span> <small>Battle (with name)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> <small>Fort / settlement</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> <small>Native village</small><br /><small>Symbols are wikilinked to article</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On June 11, Dodge escorted Brady to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Fox_River_(Illinois_River_tributary)" title="Fox River (Illinois River tributary)">Fox River</a> to confer with overall commander General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Atkinson_(soldier)" title="Henry Atkinson (soldier)">Henry Atkinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blackhawk_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackhawk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dodge left the conference with clear authority from Atkinson to deal with the violence in the mining region.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He first traveled to his home fort, at <a href="/wiki/Gratiot%27s_Grove_(Wisconsin)" title="Gratiot's Grove (Wisconsin)">Gratiot's Grove</a>, which he reached on June 13.<sup id="cite_ref-blackhawk_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackhawk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Spafford_Farm_massacre" title="Spafford Farm massacre">Spafford Farm massacre</a> occurred the following day, and Dodge set out for <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Hamilton (Wisconsin)">Fort Hamilton</a> as soon as he heard about it, stopping at <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mounds_Fort" title="Blue Mounds Fort">Fort Blue Mounds</a> for supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the way to Hamilton, the soldiers passed a German immigrant, <a href="/wiki/Minor_attacks_of_the_Black_Hawk_War#Henry_Apple" title="Minor attacks of the Black Hawk War">Henry Apple</a>, exchanged greetings and kept traveling.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards the soldiers heard gunshots in the distance; Apple had met with a <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a> <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambush</a>, likely meant for Dodge himself.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dodge was probably saved by his last minute decision to make a detour from the main route.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Apple's horse galloped wildly back past the men, wounded and carrying a large amount of blood in its saddle. The horse continued all the way to Fort Hamilton, where it raised a furor among the inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> band from the Kickapoo tribe, eleven warriors in all, was responsible for the attack on Apple; the same band had killed five men at Spafford Farm on June 14. This band was only loosely affiliated with Black Hawk's <a href="/wiki/British_Band" title="British Band">British Band</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis2B_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis2B-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On hearing the ambush in the distance, Dodge hurried on toward Fort Hamilton (present-day <a href="/wiki/Wiota,_Wisconsin" title="Wiota, Wisconsin">Wiota, Wisconsin</a>) where he gathered together a <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">company</a> of 29 mounted volunteers and sped off to intercept the attackers.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led the chase through tangled underbrush until, breaking into <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a>, his force caught sight of the raiding party.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kickapoo crossed the <a href="/wiki/Pecatonica_River" title="Pecatonica River">Pecatonica River</a> within sight of the pursuing militia, and entered into an overgrown <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamp</a>. The militia followed across the swollen river and dismounted when they reached the swamp.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to personal accounts of the battle, after dismounting Dodge offered his men a chance to back out of the operation. No one opted out, and 21 men advanced with Dodge in an extended firing line, unsure of the enemy's location.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining eight soldiers were posted as guards on high grounds and near the horses.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the disorganized and undisciplined troops at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run">Stillman's Run</a>, the volunteers at Horseshoe Bend adhered to military discipline; they waited for Dodge to give the order before they entered the thicket and swampland in search of their enemy, and once searching they awaited their commander's order to attack.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the militia advanced about 200 yards (200 m), the Kickapoo suddenly let loose a loud yell from their hidden position on the bank of an <a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">oxbow lake</a> along the river.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The warriors fired a volley toward the advancing militia and three men, Samuel Black, Samuel Wells and Montaville Morris, were hit and went down.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dodge did not hesitate and ordered his men to charge; they obeyed and waited until they were within six feet of the Kickapoo before discharging their weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fight, after the initial charge and volley, descended into a <a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand-to-hand">hand-to-hand</a> struggle with <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(axe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomahawk (axe)">tomahawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">muskets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spears</a> the weapons of choice.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fighting only lasted a few minutes: nine Kickapoo were killed on the spot and the other two were felled while fleeing across the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-trask_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-legler_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legler-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the hand-to-hand combat a fourth member of the militia, Thomas Jenkins, was wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-thennow_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thennow-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gehan_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gehan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though short, the Battle of Horseshoe Bend had a lasting impact and influence on the rest of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloody_lake_wi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bloody_lake_wi.jpg/220px-Bloody_lake_wi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bloody_lake_wi.jpg/330px-Bloody_lake_wi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bloody_lake_wi.jpg/440px-Bloody_lake_wi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A historic marker was erected in 1922, in part, by residents of nearby <a href="/wiki/Woodford,_Wisconsin" title="Woodford, Wisconsin">Woodford, Wisconsin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, though of little military significance, was a major turning point in the war for the volunteer <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> forces and many white settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This minor militia victory was the first step in the process of redeeming the militia's own morale and its standing in the eyes of the settlers on the frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual accounts claim that the battle at Horseshoe Bend "turn(ed) the tide of the war."<sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also notable for the proportion of <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> to the number of combatants.<sup id="cite_ref-legler_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legler-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All eleven Kickapoo that Dodge had pursued into the swamp were killed and <a href="/wiki/Scalping" title="Scalping">scalped</a> by his troops, while the final militia casualties were confined to three dead and one wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis2B_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis2B-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-legler_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legler-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About an hour after the battle, Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_S._Hamilton" title="William S. Hamilton">William S. Hamilton</a> arrived with friendly <a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk</a> warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Dodge, the friendly warriors were given some of the scalps his men had taken, with which they were "delighted". Dodge also reported that the Native Americans then proceeded on to the battlefield and mutilated the corpses of the fallen Kickapoo.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of Dodge's casualties, Thomas Jenkins was only slightly wounded. However, the three Militia men who had been shot as they advanced towards the Kickapoo position all later died. Samuel Wells, Montaville Morris and Samuel Black were transported to Fort Hamilton; Morris died at the fort,<sup id="cite_ref-lafayette_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lafayette-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did Wells, with his head in a comrade's lap. When informed by the surgeon of his imminent death, Wells requested to speak with Dodge. Wells asked Dodge "if he had behaved like a soldier." Dodge responded, "Yes, Wells, like a brave one." Wells then said to the commander, "Send that word to my old father," and died a short time later.<sup id="cite_ref-lafayette_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lafayette-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samuel Black was moved to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Defiance_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Defiance (Wisconsin)">Fort Defiance</a>, where he lingered for nine days before dying.<sup id="cite_ref-lafayette_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lafayette-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was the first battle in which a volunteer force defeated the Native Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dodge became the first of the militia leaders to prove his ability to stand up to the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He quickly became the "rising star" of the conflict, having helped negotiate the release of the Hall sisters after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre" title="Indian Creek massacre">Indian Creek massacre</a> and proved himself at Horseshoe Bend.<sup id="cite_ref-wisc1_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wisc2_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The battlefield at Horseshoe Bend is now a campground located within a county park in Lafayette County, Wisconsin. The Black Hawk Memorial Park is maintained by the Lafayette County Sportsmen Alliance, Yellowstone Flint and Cap club, and the Friends of Woodford Park.<sup id="cite_ref-thennow_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thennow-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, a marker was erected by the Shullsburg chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a> and the residents of Wiota to commemorate the Battle of Horseshoe Bend; it is still visible today.<sup id="cite_ref-thennow_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thennow-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battlefield was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> on July 28, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-nps_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nps-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nps_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nps_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20110805.htm">"Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 7/25/2011 through 7/29/2011"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. August 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weekly+List+of+Actions+Taken+on+Properties%3A+7%2F25%2F2011+through+7%2F29%2F2011&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2011-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Flistings%2F20110805.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Horseshoe+Bend+%281832%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lewis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lewis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, James. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2c.html">The Black Hawk War of 1832</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090815021319/http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2c.html">Archived</a> August 15, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, <i>Northern Illinois University</i>. Retrieved August 1, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiscsr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wiscsr_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002795.asp">May 14: Black Hawk's Victory at the Battle of Stillman's Run</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814095355/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002795.asp">Archived</a> 2007-08-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, <i>Wisconsin State Historical Society</i>. Retrieved August 6, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indcr-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indcr_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002816.asp">May 21, Indian Creek, Ill.: Abduction of the Hall Sisters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103331/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002816.asp">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, <i>Wisconsin State Historical Society</i>. Retrieved September 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blackhawk-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blackhawk_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackhawk_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackhawk_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevens, Frank. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3418:21.lincoln">The Black Hawk War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610225544/http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3418%3A21.lincoln">Archived</a> 2011-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, <i>Northern Illinois University</i>. Originally published: 1903, Section 181-182, Chapter XXV, Battle of Pecatonica. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trask-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trask_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Trask,_Kerry_A." class="mw-redirect" title="Trask, Kerry A.">Trask, Kerry A.</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZIXkMBBLw0C&dq=trask+black+hawk&pg=PP1">Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>), Henry Holt Company, New York: 2007, pp. 233-237, (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805077588" title="Special:BookSources/0805077588">0805077588</a>). Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wisc1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc1_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002865.asp">June 16: Henry Dodge Describes The Battle of the Pecatonica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122929/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002865.asp">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, <i>Wisconsin State Historical Society</i>. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis2B-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lewis2B_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lewis2B_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, James. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2b.html">The Black Hawk War of 1832</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703101408/http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2b.html">Archived</a> 2007-07-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, <i>Northern Illinois University</i>, p. 2B. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wisc2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wisc2_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002874.asp">June 16: Peter Parkinson Recalls the Battle of the Pecatonica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104957/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002874.asp">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War, <i>Wisconsin State Historical Society</i>. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-legler-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-legler_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-legler_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-legler_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Legler, Henry Eduard. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BTMdAAAAMAAJ&dq=Battle+of+Pecatonica&pg=PA177">Leading Events of Wisconsin History: The Story of the State</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>), Sentinel Co.: 1898, p. 177. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thennow-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thennow_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thennow_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thennow_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091022172857/http://geocities.com/old_lead/pecsite.htm">The Battle of "Bloody Lake" (or "Horseshoe Bend" or "Pecatonica") June 16, 1832: A Virtual Tour!</a>," <i>Old Lead Regional Historical Society</i>. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gehan-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gehan_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gehan, Francis. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091022110633/http://geocities.com/old_lead/pecletter01.htm">Letter to Captain Sherman</a>," June 17, 1832, via <i>Old Lead Regional Historical Society</i>. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lafayette-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lafayette_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lafayette_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lafayette_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Butterfield, Consul Willshire. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RZ6tMZU9nsUC&dq=Battle+of+Pecatonica&pg=RA1-PA476">History of Lafayette County, Wisconsin</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>), Western Historical Co: 1881, p. 475. Retrieved August 14, 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1832)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Hawk_War_(1832)" title="Template:Black Hawk War (1832)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Hawk_War_(1832)" title="Template talk:Black Hawk War (1832)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Hawk_War_(1832)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Hawk War (1832)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Hawk_War_of_18325872" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War of 1832</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Native people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/British_Band" title="British Band">British Band</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_(Sauk_leader)" title="Black Hawk (Sauk leader)">Black Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checokalako" title="Checokalako">Checokalako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapope" title="Neapope">Neapope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamisseu" title="Pamisseu">Pamisseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towaunonne" title="Towaunonne">Towaunonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabokieshiek" title="Wabokieshiek">Wabokieshiek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Dakota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wapasha_II" title="Wapasha II">Wapasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waukon_Decorah" title="Waukon Decorah">Waukon Decorah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Oshkosh" title="Chief Oshkosh">Oshkosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Potawatomi people">Potawatomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Caldwell" title="Billy Caldwell">Billy Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbona" title="Shabbona">Shabbona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waubonsie" title="Waubonsie">Waubonsie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keokuk_(Sauk_leader)" title="Keokuk (Sauk leader)">Keokuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapello_(chief)" title="Wapello (chief)">Wapello</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">U.S. people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Atkinson_(soldier)" title="Henry Atkinson (soldier)">Henry Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Brady_(general)" title="Hugh Brady (general)">Hugh Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Giles_Adams" title="John Giles Adams">John Giles Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Alexander" title="Milton Alexander">Milton Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bailey_(militia_officer)" title="David Bailey (militia officer)">David Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Brigham" title="Ebenezer Brigham">Ebenezer Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dement" title="John Dement">John Dement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dodge" title="Henry Dodge">Henry Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Hamilton" title="William S. Hamilton">William S. Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Henry" title="James D. Henry">James D. Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_in_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Posey_(general)" title="Alexander Posey (general)">Alexander Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Rountree" title="John H. Rountree">John H. Rountree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Stillman" title="Isaiah Stillman">Isaiah Stillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Stephenson" title="James W. Stephenson">James W. Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Whiteside" title="Samuel Whiteside">Samuel Whiteside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Davenport" title="George Davenport">George Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gratiot" title="Henry Gratiot">Henry Gratiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_LeClaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine LeClaire">Antoine LeClaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Street" title="Joseph M. Street">Joseph M. Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_St._Vrain" title="Felix St. Vrain">Felix St. Vrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Throckmorton" title="Joseph Throckmorton">Joseph Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satterlee_Clark" title="Satterlee Clark">Satterlee Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apple_River_Fort" title="Apple River Fort">Apple River Fort</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove,_Ogle_County,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Grove, Ogle County, Illinois">Buffalo Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dixon%27s_Ferry" title="Dixon's Ferry">Dixon's Ferry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Armstrong_(Illinois)" title="Fort Armstrong (Illinois)">Fort Armstrong</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Beggs" title="Fort Beggs">Fort Beggs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galena,_Illinois" title="Galena, Illinois">Galena</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_(Fox_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Creek (Fox River)">Indian Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Kellogg's Grove">Kellogg's Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plum_River" title="Plum River">Plum River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_State_Historic_Site" title="Black Hawk State Historic Site">Saukenuk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stillman_Creek_(Illinois)" title="Stillman Creek (Illinois)">Stillman Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stillman%27s_Run_Battle_Site" title="Stillman's Run Battle Site">Stillman's Run Battle Site</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waddams_Grove,_Illinois" title="Waddams Grove, Illinois">Waddams Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Creek_(Illinois)" title="Yellow Creek (Illinois)">Yellow Creek</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Axe_River" title="Bad Axe River">Bad Axe River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mounds_Fort" title="Blue Mounds Fort">Blue Mounds Fort</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Crawford" title="Fort Crawford">Fort Crawford</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Defiance_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Defiance (Wisconsin)">Fort Defiance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Hamilton (Wisconsin)">Fort Hamilton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Jackson (Wisconsin)">Fort Jackson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Koshkonong" title="Fort Koshkonong">Fort Koshkonong</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_(Wisconsin)" title="Fort Union (Wisconsin)">Fort Union</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gratiot%27s_Grove_(Wisconsin)" title="Gratiot's Grove (Wisconsin)">Gratiot's Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Wisconsin" title="Helena, Wisconsin">Helena</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wiota,_Wisconsin" title="Wiota, Wisconsin">Hamilton's Diggings</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pecatonica_River" title="Pecatonica River">Pecatonica River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Wisconsin" title="Roxbury, Wisconsin">Roxbury</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa,_Wisconsin" title="Sinsinawa, Wisconsin">Sinsinawa Mound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_Grove,_Wisconsin" title="Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin">Soldiers Grove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victory,_Wisconsin" title="Victory, Wisconsin">Victory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Heights_Battlefield" title="Wisconsin Heights Battlefield">Wisconsin Heights Battlefield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_River" title="Wisconsin River">Wisconsin River</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Engagements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor_attacks_of_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Minor attacks of the Black Hawk War">Minor engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run" title="Battle of Stillman's Run">Battle of Stillman's Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove_ambush" title="Buffalo Grove ambush">Buffalo Grove ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_River_raid" title="Plum River raid">Plum River raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre" title="Indian Creek massacre">Indian Creek massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vrain_massacre" title="St. Vrain massacre">St. Vrain massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_at_Fort_Blue_Mounds" title="Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds">Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spafford_Farm_massacre" title="Spafford Farm massacre">Spafford Farm massacre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waddams_Grove" title="Battle of Waddams Grove">Battle of Waddams Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kellogg%27s_Grove" title="Battle of Kellogg's Grove">Battle of Kellogg's Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Ament%27s_Cabin" title="Attack at Ament's Cabin">Attack at Ament's Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apple_River_Fort" title="Battle of Apple River Fort">Battle of Apple River Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa_Mound_raid" title="Sinsinawa Mound raid">Sinsinawa Mound raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights" title="Battle of Wisconsin Heights">Battle of Wisconsin Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bad_Axe" title="Battle of Bad Axe">Battle of Bad Axe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_Purchase" title="Black Hawk Purchase">Black Hawk Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_Tree" title="Black Hawk Tree">Black Hawk Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keokuk%27s_Reserve" title="Keokuk's Reserve">Keokuk's Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis_(1804)" title="Treaty of St. Louis (1804)">Treaty of St. Louis (1804)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien" title="First Treaty of Prairie du Chien">First Treaty of Prairie du Chien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien" title="Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien">Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warrior_(steamboat)" title="Warrior (steamboat)">Warrior</a></i></li></ul> 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