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<li id="toc-The_Nobel_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Nobel_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Nobel Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Nobel_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Symposia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Symposia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nobel Symposia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Symposia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Nobel_prizes_announced_by_members_of_the_Nobel_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Nobel_prizes_announced_by_members_of_the_Nobel_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other Nobel prizes announced by members of the Nobel family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Nobel_prizes_announced_by_members_of_the_Nobel_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="مؤسسة نوبل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مؤسسة نوبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Nobel" title="Fundación Nobel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fundación Nobel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Fondu" title="Nobel Fondu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nobel Fondu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="নোবেল ফাউন্ডেশন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নোবেল ফাউন্ডেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нобель фонды – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нобель фонды" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Nobel" title="Fundació Nobel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fundació Nobel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefydliad_Nobel" title="Sefydliad Nobel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sefydliad Nobel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nobelstiftelsen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Ίδρυμα Νόμπελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίδρυμα Νόμπελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Nobel" title="Fundación Nobel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fundación Nobel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel-Fonda%C4%B5o" title="Nobel-Fondaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nobel-Fondaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="بنیاد نوبل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنیاد نوبل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_Nobel" title="Fondation Nobel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fondation Nobel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EC%9E%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="노벨 재단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노벨 재단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Նոբելյան հիմնադրամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոբելյան հիմնադրամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नोबेल संस्थान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोबेल संस्थान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yayasan_Nobel" title="Yayasan Nobel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yayasan Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondazione_Nobel" title="Fondazione Nobel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fondazione Nobel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნობელის ფონდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნობელის ფონდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Нобель фонду – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нобель фонду" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelio_fondas" title="Nobelio fondas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nobelio fondas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="مؤسسة نوبل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مؤسسة نوبل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yayasan_Nobel" title="Yayasan Nobel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yayasan Nobel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нобелийн сан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нобелийн сан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="နိုဘယ် ဖောင်ဒေးရှင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုဘယ် ဖောင်ဒေးရှင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelstichting" title="Nobelstichting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nobelstichting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="नोबेल फाउन्डेसन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नोबेल फाउन्डेसन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E8%B2%A1%E5%9B%A3" title="ノーベル財団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノーベル財団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nobelstiftelsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelstiftinga" title="Nobelstiftinga – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nobelstiftinga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_jamg%CA%BBarmasi" title="Nobel jamgʻarmasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nobel jamgʻarmasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EF%BB%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨੋਬਲ ਸੰਸਥਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੋਬਲ ਸੰਸਥਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="نوبل فاؤنڈیشن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نوبل فاؤنڈیشن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundacja_Nobla" title="Fundacja Nobla – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fundacja Nobla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nobel" title="Fundação Nobel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fundação Nobel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_fond%C4%B1" title="Nobel fondı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nobel fondı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C8%9Bia_Nobel" title="Fundația Nobel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fundația Nobel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Фонд Нобеля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонд Нобеля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" title="Nobel Foundation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nobel Foundation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelov_sklad" title="Nobelov sklad – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nobelov sklad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нобелова фондација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нобелова фондација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel-s%C3%A4%C3%A4ti%C3%B6" title="Nobel-säätiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Private institution managing the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nobel Foundation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobelstiftung_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nobelstiftung_logo.svg/120px-Nobelstiftung_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nobelstiftung_logo.svg/180px-Nobelstiftung_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nobelstiftung_logo.svg/240px-Nobelstiftung_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="695" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Nobel Foundation crest<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">29 June 1900<span class="noprint">; 124 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">29 June 1900</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nobelprize.org/the-nobel-prize-organisation/the-nobel-foundation/">nobelprize.org/the-nobel-foundation</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><caption class="sidebar-outer-title"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_family" title="Nobel family">The Nobel family</a></caption><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/180px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/240px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Members</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Nobel" title="Immanuel Nobel">Immanuel Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nobel" title="Robert Nobel">Robert Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Nobel" title="Ludvig Nobel">Ludvig Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Oskar_Nobel" title="Emil Oskar Nobel">Emil Oskar Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Nobel" title="Emanuel Nobel">Emanuel Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nobel" title="Peter Nobel">Peter Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Nobel" title="Gustaf Nobel">Gustaf Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Helena_Nobel-Oleinikoff" title="Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff">Marta Helena Nobel-Oleinikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nobel" title="Michael Nobel">Michael Nobel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Companies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Nobel" title="Immanuel Nobel">Nobel Fils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branobel" title="Branobel">Branobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamit_Nobel" title="Dynamit Nobel">Dynamit Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AkzoNobel" title="AkzoNobel">KemaNord</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Prizes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nobel Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_family" title="Nobel family">Nobel Family Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Charitable_Trust" title="Nobel Charitable Trust">Nobel Charitable Trust</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_family" title="Template:Nobel family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nobel_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nobel family (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nobel Foundation</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Nobelstiftelsen</i>) is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prizes">Nobel Prizes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation is based on the last will of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a>, the inventor of <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NF_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It also holds Nobel Symposia on important breakthroughs in science and topics of cultural or social significance. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a></div> <p>Alfred Nobel (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/00\/Sv-Alfred_Nobel.ogg\/Sv-Alfred_Nobel.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Alfred Bernhard Nobel"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sv-Alfred Nobel.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Sv-Alfred_Nobel.ogg/Sv-Alfred_Nobel.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Alfred Bernhard Nobel</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Sv-Alfred_Nobel.ogg" title="File:Sv-Alfred Nobel.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; born 21 October 1833, in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden) was a chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a>. He owned <a href="/wiki/Bofors" title="Bofors">Bofors</a>, a major armaments manufacturer, which he had redirected from its original business as an iron and steel mill. Nobel held 355 different patents, <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a> being the most famous. Nobel amassed a sizeable personal fortune during his lifetime, thanks mostly to this invention.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896 Nobel died of a stroke<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanremo" title="Sanremo">San Remo</a>, Italy where he had lived his final years.<sup id="cite_ref-sweden1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sweden1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thelocal1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nobel's will expressed a request, to the surprise of many,<sup id="cite_ref-thelocal1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that his money be used for prizes in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> or medicine and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish <i>kronor</i></a>, to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobelwill_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobelwill-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (As of 2024 that equates to 266 million US dollars.) </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Nobels_will-November_25th,_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Alfred_Nobels_will-November_25th%2C_1895.jpg/400px-Alfred_Nobels_will-November_25th%2C_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Alfred_Nobels_will-November_25th%2C_1895.jpg/600px-Alfred_Nobels_will-November_25th%2C_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Alfred_Nobels_will-November_25th%2C_1895.jpg/800px-Alfred_Nobels_will-November_25th%2C_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2965" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Alfred Nobel's <a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">will</a> from 25 November 1895</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way:<br /> </p><p>The capital shall be invested by my executors in safe securities and shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity among nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. </p><p> The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical works by Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my expressed wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, so that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a>, Alfred Nobel's Will<sup id="cite_ref-thelocal1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fullNobelwill_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullNobelwill-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The executors of his will were <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Sohlman" title="Ragnar Sohlman">Ragnar Sohlman</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Lilljequist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Lilljequist (page does not exist)">Rudolf Lilljequist</a> who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organize the prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaWill_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaWill-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, because of various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes could be awarded on 10 December 1901 to, among others, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thelocal1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 31 December 2020, the assets controlled by the Nobel Foundation amounted to 5.2 billion Swedish <i>kronor</i> (approx. US$630 million as of 31 December 2020).<sup id="cite_ref-sweden1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sweden1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NobelFoundEndow_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFoundEndow-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Nobel_Foundation">The Nobel Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Nobel Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg/200px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg/300px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg/400px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="2516" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Alfred Nobel by Gösta Florman</figcaption></figure> <p>The Nobel Foundation was founded as a private organisation on 29 June 1900 specifically to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on Nobel's last will and testament.<sup id="cite_ref-NF_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time Nobel's <a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">will</a> led to much skepticism and criticism and thus it was not until 26 April 1897 that his will was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway">Storting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon thereafter they appointed the members of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee" title="Norwegian Nobel Committee">Norwegian Nobel Committee</a> that was to award the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace Prize</a>. Shortly after, the other prize-awarding organizations followed; Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 11 June.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900 the Nobel Foundation's newly created <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutes</a> were promulgated by King <a href="/wiki/Oscar_II_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar II of Sweden">Oscar II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thelocal1_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaWill_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaWill-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905 the <a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Union between Sweden and Norway</a> was dissolved which meant the responsibility for awarding Nobel Prizes was split between the two countries. Norway's <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee" title="Nobel Committee">Nobel Committee</a> became the awarder of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace Prize</a> while Sweden became the awarder of the other prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaWill_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaWill-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with Nobel's will, the primary task of the Nobel Foundation is to manage the fortune Nobel left after him in a fund.<sup id="cite_ref-sweden1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sweden1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaWill_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaWill-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nobel Foundation also represents the Nobel Prize to the outside world and takes charge of informal activities and issues related to the awarding of the Nobel Prizes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Nobel Foundation is not involved in the process of selecting the Nobel laureates.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaWill_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaWill-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nobel Foundation invests money to maintain a funding base for the prizes and the administrative activities. The Nobel Foundation is exempt from all taxes in Sweden (since 1946) and from investment taxes in the United States (since 1953).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the 1980s the award money was 1 million <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">SEK</a> but in 2008 the award money had increased to 10 million <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">SEK</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutes</a> the foundation should consist of a Board of five men, with its seat in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman of the board</a> should be appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Sweden" title="Privy Council of Sweden">King in Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lindau-nobel1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindau-nobel1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other four members should be appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">trustees</a> of the prize-awarding institutions. A deputy director should be appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Sweden" title="Privy Council of Sweden">King in Council</a> and two deputies for the other members appointed by the trustees. Since 1995 all members of the board have been chosen by the trustees and the executive director and the deputy director appointed by the board itself.<sup id="cite_ref-lindau-nobel1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindau-nobel1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from the board, the Nobel Foundation is made up of the prize-awarding institutions (the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Assembly_at_Karolinska_Institutet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet">Nobel Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee" title="Norwegian Nobel Committee">Norwegian Nobel Committee</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">trustees</a> of the prize-awarding institutions and auditors.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lindau-nobel1_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindau-nobel1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Symposia">Nobel Symposia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nobel Symposia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1965, the foundation initiated the Nobel Symposia, a program that holds symposia "devoted to areas of science where breakthroughs around the world are occurring or deal with other topics of primary cultural or social significance."<sup id="cite_ref-nobelSymposia_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelSymposia-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The symposia has covered topics such as <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin" title="Prostaglandin">prostaglandins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_kinetics" title="Chemical kinetics">chemical kinetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_theory" title="String theory">string theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">cosmology</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nobel Symposium Committee consists of members from the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee" title="Nobel Committee">Nobel Committees</a> in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine; the Prize Committee for Economics; the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Sweden_Tercentenary_Foundation" title="Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation">Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Wallenberg_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallenberg Foundation">Wallenberg Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelSymposia_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelSymposia-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Nobel_prizes_announced_by_members_of_the_Nobel_family">Other Nobel prizes announced by members of the Nobel family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other Nobel prizes announced by members of the Nobel family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Charitable_Trust" title="Nobel Charitable Trust">Nobel Charitable Trust</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nobel" title="Michael Nobel">Michael Nobel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Nobel" title="Gustaf Nobel">Gustaf Nobel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Nobel" title="Peter Nobel">Peter Nobel</a>, and Philip Nobel, announced their plans to establish a new Nobel prize, the <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nobel_Energy_Award" title="Michael Nobel Energy Award">Michael Nobel Energy Award</a>, that will award innovations in alternative energy technology. It will be the first new Nobel prize established by the Nobel family since Alfred Nobel established his prizes. However, it will be awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Charitable_Trust" title="Nobel Charitable Trust">Nobel Charitable Trust</a> and not by the Nobel Foundation, although both are organisations founded by the Nobel family.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plan was announced at <a href="/w/index.php?title=NanoTX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NanoTX (page does not exist)">nanoTX</a> 07. The Nobel Foundation quickly reacted by threatening legal action for "clear misuse of the reputation and goodwill of the Nobel Prize and the associations of integrity and eminence that has been created over time and through the efforts of the Nobel Committees".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The director, Michael Sohlman, of the Nobel Foundation and the elected head of the Nobel family disapproved to the institution of the so-called 'Dr. Michael Nobel Award' as well as the Nobel Charitable Trust (NCT) and Nobel Family Benevolent society.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ernster" title="Lars Ernster">Lars Ernster</a> (1920–1998) – a professor of biochemistry and a former member of the Board of the Nobel Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Sohlman" title="Ragnar Sohlman">Ragnar Sohlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">List of wealthiest charitable foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Conference" title="Nobel Conference">Nobel Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Foundation" title="Wolf Foundation">Wolf Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/annual_review_13_sv.pdf">"Nobelstiftelsen Verksamhetsberättelse 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.nobelprize.org</i> (in Swedish). Nobel Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Nobelstiftelsen+Verksamhetsber%C3%A4ttelse+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_organizations%2Fnobelfoundation%2Fannual_review_13_sv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemmel2000" class="citation web cs1">Lemmel, Birgitta (29 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/history/lemmel/index.html">"The Nobel Foundation: A Century of Growth and Change"</a>. Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Foundation%3A+A+Century+of+Growth+and+Change&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft.date=2000-06-29&rft.aulast=Lemmel&rft.aufirst=Birgitta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_organizations%2Fnobelfoundation%2Fhistory%2Flemmel%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NF-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NF_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NF_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/index.html">"The Nobel Foundation"</a>. Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2010</span>. <q>The Nobel Foundation is a private institution established in 1900 based on the will of Alfred Nobel. The Foundation manages the assets made available through the will for the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. It represents the Nobel Institutions externally and administers informational activities and arrangements surrounding the presentation of the Nobel Prize.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_organizations%2Fnobelfoundation%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314000058/http://www.schoolforchampions.com/biographies/nobel.htm">"Biography of Alfred Nobel – Succeed through Studying Biographies"</a>. School for Champions. 8 December 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schoolforchampions.com/biographies/nobel.htm">the original</a> on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Alfred+Nobel+%E2%80%93+Succeed+through+Studying+Biographies&rft.pub=School+for+Champions&rft.date=2001-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schoolforchampions.com%2Fbiographies%2Fnobel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred-nobel/alfred-nobels-final-years-in-sanremo/">"Alfred Nobel's final years in Sanremo"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=Alfred+Nobel%27s+final+years+in+Sanremo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Falfred-nobel%2Falfred-nobels-final-years-in-sanremo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sweden1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sweden1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sweden1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sweden1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100831163044/http://www.sweden.se/upload/Sweden_se/english/factsheets/SI/SI_FS15aa_Nobel_Prize-in_Sweden_and_the_world/The_Nobel_Prize_in_Sweden_and_the_world_FS15aa_Low.pdf">"Si-Facts_FS15b_ENG.bak"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statutes+of+the+Foundation&rft.pub=Nobel+Prize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobelfoundation%2Fstatutes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelSymposia-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelSymposia_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelSymposia_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012152931/http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/symposia/index.html">"Nobel Symposia"</a>. Nobel Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/symposia/index.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Symposia&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobelfoundation%2Fsymposia%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070514054004/http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/symposia/complete-list.html">"Complete List of Nobel Symposia from 1965 – present"</a>. Nobel Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/symposia/complete-list.html">the original</a> on 14 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complete+List+of+Nobel+Symposia+from+1965+%E2%80%93+present&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobelfoundation%2Fsymposia%2Fcomplete-list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNobel2007" class="citation news cs1">Nobel, Philip (9 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109235244/http://www.prbuzz.com/michael-nobel-energy-award-9423.html">"Michael Nobel Energy Award"</a>. PRBuzz.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prbuzz.com/michael-nobel-energy-award-9423.html">the original</a> on 9 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Michael+Nobel+Energy+Award&rft.date=2007-10-09&rft.aulast=Nobel&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prbuzz.com%2Fmichael-nobel-energy-award-9423.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNobel2007" class="citation news cs1">Nobel, Philip (9 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103164708/http://www.i-newswire.com/pr125464.html">"Statement from the Nobel Charitable Trust Foundation regarding the Michael Nobel Energy Award"</a>. I-Newswire.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-newswire.com/pr125464.html">the original</a> on 3 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Statement+from+the+Nobel+Charitable+Trust+Foundation+regarding+the+Michael+Nobel+Energy+Award&rft.date=2007-10-09&rft.aulast=Nobel&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i-newswire.com%2Fpr125464.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnanoPRwire2007" class="citation web cs1">nanoPRwire (24 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415104148/http://www.nsti.org/press/PRshow.html?id=2335">"Michael Nobel Relieved of nanoTX'07 Activities After Protest from Nobel Foundation and Family Society"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nano_Science_and_Technology_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nano Science and Technology Institute (page does not exist)">Nano Science and Technology Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsti.org/press/PRshow.html?id=2335">the original</a> on 15 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Nobel+Relieved+of+nanoTX%2707+Activities+After+Protest+from+Nobel+Foundation+and+Family+Society&rft.pub=Nano+Science+and+Technology+Institute&rft.date=2007-09-24&rft.au=nanoPRwire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsti.org%2Fpress%2FPRshow.html%3Fid%3D2335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeder2007" class="citation news cs1">Feder, Barnaby J. (18 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/the-nobel-prize-that-wasnt/">"The Nobel Prize That Wasn't"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+That+Wasn%27t&rft.date=2007-10-18&rft.aulast=Feder&rft.aufirst=Barnaby+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbits.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F18%2Fthe-nobel-prize-that-wasnt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANobel+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Foundation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nobel_Foundation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/">"2007 Nobel Conference"</a> – Official site of the "2007 Nobel Conference" at <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_College" title="Gustavus Adolphus College">Gustavus Adolphus College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter, Minnesota">Saint Peter, Minnesota</a>. 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prizes" title="Template:Nobel Prizes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prizes" title="Template talk:Nobel Prizes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prizes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prizes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_Prizes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prizes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="hlist"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Nobel_laureates" title="Lists of Nobel laureates">Lists of Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_medal" title="Nobel Prize medal">Nobel Prize medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Prizes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/100px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/150px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/200px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Laureates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>by occupation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_Nobel_laureates" title="List of heads of state and government Nobel laureates">Heads of state and government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">by year</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="by_subject" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by subject</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences">Economics</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by<br />population<br />group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bengali_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Bengali Nobel laureates">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_Nobel_laureates" title="List of black Nobel laureates">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Christian Nobel laureates">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Nobel_laureates" title="List of female Nobel laureates">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Latin American Nobel laureates">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Muslim Nobel laureates">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nonreligious_Nobel_laureates" title="List of nonreligious Nobel laureates">Non-religious</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by continent<br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_country" title="List of Nobel laureates by country">nationality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_Nobel_laureates" title="List of African Nobel laureates">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Egyptian Nobel laureates and nominees">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of South African Nobel laureates and nominees">South African</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Asian Nobel laureates">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Chinese Nobel laureates">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Indian Nobel laureates">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Israeli Nobel laureates">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Japanese Nobel laureates and nominees">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Korean Nobel laureates and nominees">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Pakistani Nobel laureates">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Vietnamese Nobel laureates and nominees">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li>European <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Belgian Nobel laureates">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Danish Nobel laureates">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_Nobel_laureates" title="List of German Nobel laureates">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Greek Nobel laureates and nominees">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Hungarian Nobel laureates">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Irish Nobel laureates and nominees">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Italian Nobel laureates">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Polish Nobel laureates">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Romanian Nobel laureates and nominees">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Russian Nobel laureates">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Spanish Nobel laureates">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Swedish Nobel laureates">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Swiss Nobel laureates">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Welsh Nobel laureates">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oceanian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Australian Nobel laureates">Australian</a></li></ul></li> <li>North American <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Nobel_laureates" title="List of American Nobel laureates">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Mexican Nobel laureates and nominees">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li>South American <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Argentine_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Argentine Nobel laureates">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees" title="List of Brazilian Nobel laureates and nominees">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venezuelan_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Venezuelan Nobel laureates">Venezuelan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation" title="List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation">by university</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_the_City_University_of_New_York_as_alumni_or_faculty" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the City University of New York as alumni or faculty">City University of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Columbia_University_as_alumni_or_faculty" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Columbia University as alumni or faculty">Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ETH_Zurich_people#Nobel_Prize_winners" title="List of ETH Zurich people">ETH Zurich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_people#Nobel_laureates" title="List of Harvard University people">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Princeton_University_as_alumni_or_faculty" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty">Princeton University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis_as_alumni_or_faculty" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_priests_and_religious_awarded_the_Nobel_Prize" title="List of Catholic priests and religious awarded the Nobel Prize">Catholic priests and religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_couples_awarded_the_Nobel_Prize" title="List of couples awarded the Nobel Prize">Couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize" title="List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="by_subject" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by subject</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of nominees for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics (page does not exist)">Economics</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a></li> <li>Peace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize">Organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="by_groups" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Peace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Friends_Service_Committee_Nobel_nominees" title="List of American Friends Service Committee Nobel nominees">AFSC Nobel nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRIO_Director%27s_Shortlist" title="PRIO Director's Shortlist">PRIO Director's Shortlist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by <a href="/wiki/Clarivate_Citation_Laureates" title="Clarivate Citation Laureates">Clarivate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Clarivate_Citation_laureates" title="List of female Clarivate Citation laureates">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences" title="List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Economic Sciences">Economics</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physics" title="List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nobel Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee" title="Nobel Committee">Nobel Committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Chemistry" title="Nobel Committee for Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_in_Memory_of_Alfred_Nobel" title="Committee for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel">Economics</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Literature" title="Nobel Committee for Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Physics" title="Nobel Committee for Physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee" title="Norwegian Nobel Committee">Norwegian Nobel Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Assembly_at_the_Karolinska_Institute" title="Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute">Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_controversies" title="Nobel Prize controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rkborn_Manor" title="Björkborn Manor">Björkborn Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Laboratory" title="Nobel Laboratory">Nobel Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau_Nobel_Laureate_Meetings" title="Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings">Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Summit_of_Nobel_Peace_Laureates" title="World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates">World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field">Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="hlist"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes).<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nobel_Foundation&params=59.3376_N_18.0744_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°20′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">18°04′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.3376°N 18.0744°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.3376; 18.0744</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781959#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781959#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781959#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406077332">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123649776">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1007728-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80093458">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12076070h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12076070h">BnF 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href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614316206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00142606?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/c83e9cec-db3b-49da-a79c-e9b3780d79ab">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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