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Pirkia – Vikipedija

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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pirkia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/345px-Pirkia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Pirkia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/460px-Pirkia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Pirkia, past. XIX a. II-oje pusėje, Utenos raj.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Pirkia1,_2007-04-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pirkia1%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/230px-Pirkia1%2C_2007-04-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pirkia1%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/345px-Pirkia1%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pirkia1%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/460px-Pirkia1%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Pirkios_vidus,_2007-04-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pirkios_vidus%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/230px-Pirkios_vidus%2C_2007-04-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pirkios_vidus%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/345px-Pirkios_vidus%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Pirkios_vidus%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/460px-Pirkios_vidus%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Pirkios vidus</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pirkia</b>&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Auk%C5%A1taitija" title="Aukštaitija">rytų aukštaičių</a> ir <a href="/wiki/Dz%C5%ABkai" title="Dzūkai">dzūkų</a> gyvenamasis namas, pagrindinis <a href="/wiki/Sodyba" title="Sodyba">sodybos</a> trobesys, <a href="/wiki/R%C4%85stas" title="Rąstas">rąstų</a> sienomis, dvišlaičiu stogu (seniau stogas buvo keturšlaitis) su <a href="/wiki/Gonkos" title="Gonkos">gonkelėmis</a> prie pagrindinio įėjimo. Sudaro tokios pagrindinės patalpos: <a href="/wiki/Priemen%C4%97" title="Priemenė">priemenė</a>, pirkia, <a href="/wiki/Virtuv%C4%97" title="Virtuvė">virtuvė</a>, pirkaitė ir seklyčia (<a href="/wiki/Kamara" title="Kamara">kamara</a>). Dzūkų pirkių stogas&#160;– su <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ciukuras" title="Čiukuras">čiukuru</a>). </p><p>Pirkios patalpa&#160;– svarbiausia gyvenamojo namo dalis. Joje gaminamas valgis, valgoma, atliekami įvairūs namų ūkio darbai. Pirkioje ir miegama. <a href="/wiki/Asla" title="Asla">Asla</a> dažniausiai plūkta <a href="/wiki/Molis" title="Molis">moliu</a>. Pirkoje būna keturi&#160;– penki <a href="/wiki/Langas" title="Langas">langai</a>. Vienas svarbiausių pirkios įrengimų yra krosnis, skirta valgiui virti, duonai kepti, taip pat ir kambariui apšildyti. Šeimyninėje pirkioje prie durų būdavo krosnis, šviesiausiame kampe&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Stalas" title="Stalas">stalas</a> ir 2 ilgi <a href="/wiki/Suolas" title="Suolas">suolai</a>, kai kada <a href="/wiki/Audimo_stakl%C4%97s" title="Audimo staklės">audimo staklės</a>, priešingame&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Lova" title="Lova">lova</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorija">Istorija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirkia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Istorija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirkia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Istorija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iš pradžių pirkios būdavo statomos dūminės, 2 dalių (šeimyninė pirkia ir priemenė), bet nuo XIX a. vid. įsigalėjo stačiakampio plano, 3–6 patalpų dvigalės pirkios, kurių vidus 2 skersinėmis sienomis padalytas į 3 dalis: šeimyninę pirkią, priemenę su kamara ir <a href="/wiki/Sekly%C4%8Dia" title="Seklyčia">seklyčią</a>. Didelių ūkių pirkios kryžminio plano&#160;– prie šono buvo pristatoma ūkinė šildoma pirkaitė daržovėms laikyti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Puošyba"><span id="Puo.C5.A1yba"></span>Puošyba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirkia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Puošyba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirkia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Puošyba"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aukštaičių pirkių statyboje aiškiai pabrėžiama simetrija. <a href="/wiki/Langas" title="Langas">Langai</a> pirkios fasaduose išdėstyti simetriškai. Pirkių svarbiausio fasado centrą ir pagrindinį įėjimą pabrėžia prieangiai. Langų rėmų, priekalčių ir <a href="/wiki/Langin%C4%97s" title="Langinės">langinių</a> puošybiniai motyvai, jų spalvos daro pastatą raiškesnį. Aukštaitiškose pirkiose <a href="/wiki/Stogas" title="Stogas">stogų</a> plokštumos nėra dominuojančios. Jos paprastai užima pusę pastato aukščio. Pirkių išorės kompozicija lengvesnė (už <a href="/wiki/Troba" title="Troba">trobą</a>) savo proporcijomis, sienų plokštumos atviresnės ir labiau dominuojančios. Aukštaitiškame gyvenamajame name bei klėtyje gausiau dekoratyvinių elementų.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stogo lentų skydai puošiami langeliais, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%97trung%C4%97" title="Vėtrungė">vėtrungėmis</a>, lėkiais. Sienas puošia langų antlangės ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palang%C4%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palangė (puslapis neegzistuoja)">palangės</a> (būdinga plokščiojo kiaurapjūvio ornamentai), langinės, tapytos augaliniais raštais arba dažytos 2 spalvomis. XX a. pradžioje prie pirkių pagrindinių fasadų pradėta statyti puošnius įstiklintus prieangius (gonkeles); pirkios tradiciniai bruožai pradėjo nykti.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Lazinkos,_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rytų aukštaičių pirkia. Lazinkos, Ignalinos rajonas"><img alt="Rytų aukštaičių pirkia. Lazinkos, Ignalinos rajonas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lazinkos%2C_3.JPG/120px-Lazinkos%2C_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lazinkos%2C_3.JPG/180px-Lazinkos%2C_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lazinkos%2C_3.JPG/240px-Lazinkos%2C_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rytų aukštaičių pirkia. <a href="/wiki/Lazinkos" title="Lazinkos">Lazinkos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignalinos_rajonas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignalinos rajonas">Ignalinos rajonas</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Dz%C5%ABk%C5%B3_sodyba,_LLBM.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pirkia iš Zervynų (Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejus)"><img alt="Pirkia iš Zervynų (Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Dz%C5%ABk%C5%B3_sodyba%2C_LLBM.JPG/120px-Dz%C5%ABk%C5%B3_sodyba%2C_LLBM.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Dz%C5%ABk%C5%B3_sodyba%2C_LLBM.JPG/180px-Dz%C5%ABk%C5%B3_sodyba%2C_LLBM.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Dz%C5%ABk%C5%B3_sodyba%2C_LLBM.JPG/240px-Dz%C5%ABk%C5%B3_sodyba%2C_LLBM.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pirkia iš <a href="/wiki/Zervynos" title="Zervynos">Zervynų</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_liaudies_buities_muziejus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejus">Lietuvos liaudies buities muziejus</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Šaltiniai"><span id=".C5.A0altiniai"></span>Šaltiniai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirkia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Šaltiniai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirkia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Šaltiniai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lietuvių liaudies menas</i>. Architektūra. Vilnius, 1957. 1 t. p. 7-12; Gimbutas J. <i>Lietuvos kaimo trobesių puošmenys</i>. Vilnius, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Klemensas_%C4%8Cerbul%C4%97nas" title="Klemensas Čerbulėnas">Klemensas Čerbulėnas</a>.&#160;<i>Pirkia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija</a>, T. XVIII (Perk-Pra).&#160;– Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2010</span> </li> </ol> </div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#BAA47B" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left;width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;background:#BAA47B;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablonas:Lietuvi%C5%B3_liaudies_architekt%C5%ABra" title="Šablonas:Lietuvių liaudies architektūra"><span title="Žiūrėti šį šabloną" style=";background:#BAA47B;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;">Ž</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablono_aptarimas:Lietuvi%C5%B3_liaudies_architekt%C5%ABra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablono aptarimas:Lietuvių liaudies architektūra (puslapis neegzistuoja)"><span title="Aptarti šį šabloną" style=";background:#BAA47B;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;">A</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablonas:Lietuvi%C5%B3_liaudies_architekt%C5%ABra&amp;action=edit"><span title="Redaguoti šį šabloną" style=";background:#BAA47B;background:none transparent;border:none;font-size:100%;;">R</span></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_liaudies_architekt%C5%ABra" title="Lietuvių liaudies architektūra">Lietuvių liaudies architektūra</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#BAA47B;">Gyvenamieji namai</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gry%C4%8Dia" title="Gryčia">gryčia</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Numas" title="Numas">numas</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">pirkia</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABmas" title="Rūmas">rūmas</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Stuba" title="Stuba">stuba</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Troba" title="Troba">troba</a></span></div></td><td style="width:5%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Grycia,_2007-04-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/100px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/150px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg/200px-Grycia%2C_2007-04-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="1102" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#BAA47B;">Ūkiniai statiniai</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%BEin%C4%97" title="Daržinė">daržinė</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Diendar%C5%BEis" title="Diendaržis">diendaržis</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/I%C5%A1viet%C4%97" title="Išvietė">išvietė</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jauja" title="Jauja">jauja</a>&#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kl%C4%97tis" title="Klėtis">klėtis</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Klojimas" title="Klojimas">klojimas</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kluonas" title="Kluonas">kluonas</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ledain%C4%97" title="Ledainė">ledainė</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pirtis" title="Pirtis">pirtis</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Svirnas" title="Svirnas">svirnas</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ulinys" title="Šulinys">šulinys</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tvartas" title="Tvartas">tvartas</a> &#160;<b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ve%C5%BEimin%C4%97" title="Vežiminė">vežiminė</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#BAA47B;">Patalpos ir detalės</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; 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