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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>mPRδ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mPRδ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mPRϵ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mPRϵ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>mPRϵ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mPRϵ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_table_of_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_table_of_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Summary table of features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_table_of_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Potential roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_in_cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_in_cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Involvement in cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_in_cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Membrane progesterone receptors</b> (<b>mPRs</b>) are a group of <a href="/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor" title="Cell surface receptor">cell surface receptors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Membrane_steroid_receptor" title="Membrane steroid receptor">membrane steroid receptors</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Progestin_and_adipoQ_receptor" title="Progestin and adipoQ receptor">progestin and adipoQ receptor</a> (PAQR) family which bind the <a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">progestogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neurosteroid" title="Neurosteroid">neurosteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a>, as well as the neurosteroid <a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">allopregnanolone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22687885_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22687885-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid24065878_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24065878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">progesterone receptor</a> (PR), a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">nuclear receptor</a> which mediates its effects via <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomic</a> mechanisms, mPRs are <a href="/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor" title="Cell surface receptor">cell surface receptors</a> which rapidly alter <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">cell signaling</a> via modulation of <a href="/wiki/Intracellular" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracellular">intracellular</a> <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">signaling cascades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22687885_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22687885-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mPRs mediate important physiological functions in male and female reproductive tracts, liver, neuroendocrine tissues, and the immune system as well as in breast and ovarian cancer. </p><p>The mPRs appear to be involved in the <a href="/wiki/Neuroprotective" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroprotective">neuroprotective</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antigonadotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigonadotropic">antigonadotropic</a> effects of progesterone and allopregnanolone.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22687885_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22687885-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid24065878_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24065878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The progesterone <a href="/wiki/Active_metabolite" title="Active metabolite">active metabolites</a> <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-dihydroprogesterone" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-dihydroprogesterone">5α-dihydroprogesterone</a>, also a progestogen, and allopregnanolone, which are <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulator">positive allosteric modulators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor">GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor</a>, have been found to rapidly influence <a href="/wiki/Sexual_receptivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual receptivity">sexual receptivity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual behavior">behavior</a> in mice, actions that are GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor-dependent.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10607643_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10607643-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9795145_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9795145-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These proteins are classified into three groups known as <a href="/wiki/MPR%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="MPRα">mPRα</a> (PAQR7), <a href="/wiki/MPR%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="MPRβ">mPRβ</a> (PAQR8), <a href="/wiki/MPR%CE%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="MPRγ">mPRγ</a> (PAQR5), <a href="/wiki/MPR%CE%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="MPRδ">mPRδ</a> (PAQR6), and <a href="/wiki/PAQR9" title="PAQR9">mPRϵ</a> (PAQR9). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="mPR_Subtypes">mPR Subtypes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: mPR Subtypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="mPRα"><span id="mPR.CE.B1"></span>mPRα</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: mPRα"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Membrane-progesterone-receptor-alpha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Membrane-progesterone-receptor-alpha.png/495px-Membrane-progesterone-receptor-alpha.png" decoding="async" width="495" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Membrane-progesterone-receptor-alpha.png 1.5x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>mPRα structure. <i>This image is based on the following table</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Membrane progesterone receptor alpha</b> (<b>mPRα</b>) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the <i>PAQR7</i> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a steroid receptor which binds progesterone <i>in vitro</i>. Recent studies suggest the mPRα has important physiological functions in a variety of reproductive tissues. The mPRα is an intermediary in progestin induction of oocyte maturation and stimulation of sperm hyper motility in fish. In mammals, the mPRα has been implied in progesterone regulation of uterine functions in humans and <a href="/wiki/GnRH" class="mw-redirect" title="GnRH">GnRH</a> secretion in rodents.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="mPRβ"><span id="mPR.CE.B2"></span>mPRβ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: mPRβ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Membrane-progesterone-receptor-beta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Membrane-progesterone-receptor-beta.png/500px-Membrane-progesterone-receptor-beta.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Membrane-progesterone-receptor-beta.png 1.5x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>mPRβ structure. <i>This image is based on the following table</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Membrane progesterone receptor beta</b> (<b>mPRβ</b>) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the <i>PAQR8</i> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A recent study<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has investigated the role of mPRβ in regulating <i>in vitro</i> maturation (IVM) of pig cumulus-oocyte complexes (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repropedia.org/cumulus-oocyte-complex">COCs</a>). This study suggests that the mPRβ is a molecule related to cumulus expansion and it might function by regulation of <a href="/wiki/Exocytosis" title="Exocytosis">exocytosis</a>. The conclusion of this study is that mPRβ might play an important role on the function of the protein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="mPRγ"><span id="mPR.CE.B3"></span>mPRγ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: mPRγ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Membrane-progesterone-receptor-gamma.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Membrane-progesterone-receptor-gamma.png/505px-Membrane-progesterone-receptor-gamma.png" decoding="async" width="505" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Membrane-progesterone-receptor-gamma.png 1.5x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>mPRγ structure. <i>This image is based on the following table</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Membrane progesterone receptor gamma</b> (<b>mPRγ</b>) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the <i>PAQR5</i> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study about the mPRγ subtype<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has generated an antibody against this receptor in order to explore the role of mPRγ. Scientists found that mPRγ is expressed in female mouse reproductive tissues such as ovary and fallopian tube, and also in the lung and liver of both sexes. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that mPRγ is associated with the apical membrane of ciliated cells in the lumen of the fallopian tube, including human cells. That suggests a common role for mPRγ in the regulation of ciliary activity in the fallopian tube and the gamete transport in mammals. The presence of mPRγ in lung and liver of mice indicates that the receptor mediates the actions of progesterone outside the reproductive tract as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="mPRδ"><span id="mPR.CE.B4"></span>mPRδ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: mPRδ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Membrane progesterone receptor delta</b> (<b>mPRδ</b>) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the <i>PAQR6</i> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="mPRϵ"><span id="mPR.CF.B5"></span>mPRϵ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: mPRϵ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Membrane progesterone receptor epsilon</b> (<b>mPRϵ</b>) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the <i>PAQR9</i> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_table_of_features">Summary table of features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Summary table of features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Family members include:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>mPR subtype </th> <th>Gene </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Mass (Da) </th> <th>Tissue specificity </th></tr> <tr> <td>mPRα </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PAQR7" title="PAQR7">PAQR7</a> </td> <td>346 </td> <td>39,719 </td> <td>Ovary, testis, placenta, uterus, bladder, others<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16044242_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16044242-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mPRβ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PAQR8" title="PAQR8">PAQR8</a> </td> <td>354 </td> <td>40,464 </td> <td>Brain, spinal cord, kidney, testis, others<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16044242_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16044242-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mPRγ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PAQR5" title="PAQR5">PAQR5</a> </td> <td>330 </td> <td>38,014 </td> <td>Brain, lung, kidney, colon, adrenal, others<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16044242_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16044242-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mPRδ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PAQR6" title="PAQR6">PAQR6</a> </td> <td>344 </td> <td>37,989 </td> <td>Brain, breast, others<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16044242_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16044242-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23161870_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23161870-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mPRϵ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PAQR9" title="PAQR9">PAQR9</a> </td> <td>377 </td> <td>42,692 </td> <td>Brain, breast, others<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16044242_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16044242-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23161870_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23161870-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The general functions of these subtypes of mPR are: being steroid membrane receptors and binding progesterone. They also may be involved in oocyte maturation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potential_roles">Potential roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Potential roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Mpr_pathway_example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Mpr_pathway_example.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="380" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Membrane progesterone receptors can independently activate signaling pathways in cells. As seen in the example above, progesterone augmented cAMP levels increase cyclic AMP response element (CRE) transcriptional activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Dressing_GE_2010_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressing_GE_2010-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>This image is based on the following <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005015/figure/F3/">figure</a>.</i> </figcaption></figure> <p>The discovery of a membrane located progesterone receptor (mPR) unrelated to the classical <a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">progesterone receptor</a> (PR) in fish ovaries and its subsequent identification in mammal tissues suggests that mPRs could be a potential mediator of non-traditional progesterone actions, particularly in tissues where PR is absent. Even though classical PRs and mPRs can also have overlapping regional expression (e.g., both are expressed in the hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum), their ligand specificity is not identical (for example mPRs bind to <a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-hydroxyprogesterone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dihydroprogesterone" title="Dihydroprogesterone">5-dihydroprogesterone</a> with greater affinity than to the classical PRs).<sup id="cite_ref-Dressing_GE_2010_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dressing_GE_2010-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Singh_159_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh_159-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of progesterone's actions are too fast to be readily explained by a genomic mechanism which typically occurs over a time scale of hours – like most of the classical functions of progesterone mediated by progesterone receptors PR-A and PR-B, which mediate progesterone’s regulation of diverse female vertebrate reproductive functions through altering gene transcription – and it is now widely accepted that progesterone can also exert fast cell surface-initiated actions within minutes through activation of <a href="/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor" title="Cell surface receptor">membrane receptors</a> and their associated intracellular signaling paths.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22687885_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22687885-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While some of the alternative progesterone actions are nongenomic, others may ultimately lead to altered gene transcription involving the activation of second messengers (such as <a href="/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase" title="Mitogen-activated protein kinase">MAP kinases</a>) and through the alteration of progesterone receptors transactivation through effects on <a href="/wiki/Coactivators_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coactivators (genetics)">coactivators</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_coactivator_2" title="Nuclear receptor coactivator 2">SRC2</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22687885_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22687885-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Extensive evidence has been obtained by different research groups that wild-type mPRs in a wide range of vertebrate cells as well as recombinant proteins expressed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems display high-affinity, specific, displaceable and limited capacity progesterone binding characteristic of steroid membrane receptors. Therefore, membrane progesterone receptors are good candidates for the membrane receptors mediating many of the nonclassical cell surface-initiated progesterone actions, such as oocyte meiotic maturation, <a href="/wiki/Granulosa_cell" title="Granulosa cell">granulosa cell</a> apoptosis, immunosuppression of <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a>, breast and ovarian cells.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It has been found that <a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">allopregnanolone</a>, an effective mPR ligand, can act as an mPR agonist at low physiologically relevant concentrations. This indicates an additional receptor mechanism by which <a href="/wiki/Neurosteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurosteroids">neurosteroids</a> can potentially modulate neural functions.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22687885_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22687885-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Experimental evidence also supports that mPRs are intermediaries in progestin-induced cell survival. <a href="/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase" title="Mitogen-activated protein kinase">MAP kinase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_B" title="Protein kinase B">Akt</a> are involved in inhibition of <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, and it has been demonstrated that progestin activates MAP kinase and Akt through mPRs. This is a fact that consolidates mPR's antiapoptotic functions, and also their potential involvement in the antiapoptotic effects of allopregnanolone in the central nervous system.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22687885_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22687885-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MPRs are also considered potential intermediaries in progesterone modulation of <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_B" title="Protein kinase B">GnRH</a> secretion under certain conditions, but direct evidence is lacking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the name says, mPRS are a group of proteins with a receptor function. This determines its location in the cell, the membrane. MPRs recognise some specific substances and facilitate the entrance of these substances inside compartments. Specifically, this receptors allow the entrance to the cell, therefore they are found in the plasmatic membrane. Studies have not revealed significant information about its structure so scientists still do not know exactly how this molecules are. In contrast, studies of the translated cDNAs based on the structure suggest they encode seven transmembrane domains. It also shows that mPRs have high affinity (Kd= 20-30 nm) saturable binding for progesterone – Kd is a constant of every enzyme which says the concentration of ligand needed in order to obtain the half of the saturation. Scientists went further on the study of the binding to the γ-subtype, revealing a specific binding for progesterone with a rate of association and dissociation of t1/2=2–8 minutes. MPRs have a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_159_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh_159-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This results suggest that it may exist a new family of steroid receptors, also with the characteristics of <a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="G protein-coupled receptors">G protein-coupled receptors</a>. Another fact that suggests that this mPR subtype may be a <a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled" class="mw-redirect" title="G protein-coupled">G protein-coupled</a> receptor is that it functions as the intermediary in progesterone induction of the maturation of oocyte meiotic maturation in teleost fishes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Involvement_in_cancer">Involvement in cancer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Involvement in cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a> takes part in the growth regulation of different kind of tumors, in part by its interactions with its intracellular receptors (PR). MPRs have been found in cancer cells and tissues too. Their roles in the process are unclear but it has been suggested that, at least, this <a href="/wiki/Steroid_hormone" title="Steroid hormone">steroid hormone</a> may inhibit tumor progression. Recently, it has been reported that membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are expressed in ovarian and breast cancer cells, and that progesterone could exert some actions through these receptors. The presence of functional mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ subtypes were detected in both cell lines as well as in breast tumor tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the case of the ovarian cancer, transcripts for two of the three mPRs, α and β, were differentially expressed in ovarian cystadenomas, borderline tumors, and carcinomas: while mPRα is expressed at significantly higher levels than the others, an increased expression of mPRβ has been noticed in mucinous <a href="/wiki/Carcinomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinomas">carcinomas</a> when compared to the other tumor types and normal tissues. Notably, the expression of mPRγ was significantly higher in endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which are closely related tumors.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one study, an increase in progesterone was shown to coincide with a reduced level of mPRγ and concomitant increase in the mPRα transcript levels.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent studies suggest that some progesterone actions in <a href="/wiki/Astrocytoma" title="Astrocytoma">astrocytoma</a> cells (the most common and malignant human brain tumors) may be mediated also by mPRs. Recently, it has also been discovered that mPRα and mPRβ are clearly expressed at <a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a> and protein levels in astrocytoma cells whereas mPRγ was barely expressed in these cells.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PGRMC1" title="PGRMC1">PGRMC1</a> and <a href="/wiki/PGRMC2" title="PGRMC2">PGRMC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membrane_steroid_receptor" title="Membrane steroid receptor">Membrane steroid receptor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cell_surface_receptors" title="Template:Cell surface receptors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cell_surface_receptors" title="Template talk:Cell surface receptors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cell_surface_receptors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cell surface receptors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Membrane_proteins,_receptors:_cell_surface_receptors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Membrane_protein" title="Membrane protein">Membrane proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor" title="Cell surface receptor">cell surface receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor" title="G protein-coupled receptor">G protein-coupled receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite;">Class A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eicosanoid_receptor" title="Eicosanoid receptor">Eicosanoid receptor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_receptor" title="Prostaglandin receptor">Prostaglandin receptor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protease-activated_receptor" title="Protease-activated receptor">Protease-activated receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter_receptor" title="Neurotransmitter receptor">Neurotransmitter receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purinergic_receptor" title="Purinergic receptor">Purinergic receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogenic_amine_receptor" title="Biogenic amine receptor">Biogenic amine receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_receptor" title="Olfactory receptor">Olfactory receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite;">Class B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretin_receptor" title="Secretin receptor">Secretin receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite;">Class C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor" title="Metabotropic glutamate receptor">Metabotropic glutamate receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite;">Class D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vomeronasal_receptor" title="Vomeronasal receptor">Pheromone receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite;">Class E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="CAMP receptor">cAMP receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite;">Class F</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frizzled" title="Frizzled">Frizzled</a>/<a href="/wiki/Smoothened" title="Smoothened">smoothened</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Ligand-gated_ion_channel" title="Ligand-gated ion channel">Ligand-gated ion channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purinergic_receptor" title="Purinergic receptor">Purinergic receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme-linked_receptor" title="Enzyme-linked receptor">Enzyme-linked receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serine/threonine-specific_protein_kinase" title="Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase">Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">Receptor tyrosine kinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanylate_cyclase" title="Guanylate cyclase">Guanylate cyclase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other/ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asialoglycoprotein_receptor" title="Asialoglycoprotein receptor">Asialoglycoprotein receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor receptor">Tumor necrosis factor receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily" title="Immunoglobulin superfamily">Immunoglobulin superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acetylglucosamine_receptor" title="N-Acetylglucosamine receptor"><i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropilin" title="Neuropilin">Neuropilins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transferrin_receptor" title="Transferrin receptor">Transferrin receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDAR" class="mw-redirect" title="EDAR">EDAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoprotein_receptor-related_protein" title="Lipoprotein receptor-related protein">Lipoprotein receptor-related protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestin_and_adipoQ_receptor" title="Progestin and adipoQ receptor">Progestin and adipoQ receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Progesterone_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progesterone_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Progesterone receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progesterone_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Progesterone receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progesterone_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progesterone receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Progesterone_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">Progesterone receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor"><abbr title="Progesterone receptor">PR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Progesterone receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Progesterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="3β-Dihydroprogesterone">3β-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">5α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%CE%B1-Methylprogesterone" title="6α-Methylprogesterone">6α-Methylprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%CE%B1-Bromo-11-ketoprogesterone" class="mw-redirect" title="9α-Bromo-11-ketoprogesterone">9α-Bromo-11-ketoprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Dehydroprogesterone" title="11-Dehydroprogesterone">11-Dehydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="16α-Hydroxyprogesterone">16α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17%CE%B1-Methyl-11-deoxycorticosterone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17α-Methyl-11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (page does not exist)">17α-Methyl-11-deoxycorticosterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="20α-Dihydroprogesterone">20α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="20β-Dihydroprogesterone">20β-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimepregnen" title="Dimepregnen">Dimepregnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosgenin" title="Diosgenin">Diosgenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P1-185" title="P1-185">P1-185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone_3-acetyl_enol_ether" title="Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether">Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestrone" title="Quingestrone">Quingestrone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Retroprogesterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/20%CE%B1-Dihydrodydrogesterone" title="20α-Dihydrodydrogesterone">20α-Dihydrodydrogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20%CE%B1-Dihydrotrengestone" title="20α-Dihydrotrengestone">20α-Dihydrotrengestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DU-41164" title="DU-41164">DU-41164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DU-41165" title="DU-41165">DU-41165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dydrogesterone" title="Dydrogesterone">Dydrogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroprogesterone" title="Retroprogesterone">Retroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_6-3129" title="Ro 6-3129">Ro 6-3129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trengestone" title="Trengestone">Trengestone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>17α-Substituted progesterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/6%CE%B1-Methyl-17%CE%B1-bromoprogesterone" title="6α-Methyl-17α-bromoprogesterone">6α-Methyl-17α-bromoprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15%CE%B2-Hydroxycyproterone_acetate" title="15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate">15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Methylene-17%CE%B1-hydroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="16-Methylene-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate">16-Methylene-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Bromoprogesterone" title="17α-Bromoprogesterone">17α-Bromoprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (hydroxyprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Methylprogesterone" title="17α-Methylprogesterone">17α-Methylprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetomepregenol" title="Acetomepregenol">Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algestone" title="Algestone">Algestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algestone_acetonide" title="Algestone acetonide">Algestone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algestone_acetophenide" title="Algestone acetophenide">Algestone acetophenide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagestone" title="Anagestone">Anagestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagestone_acetate" title="Anagestone acetate">Anagestone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromethenmadinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromethenmadinone (page does not exist)">Bromethenmadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromethenmadinone_acetate" title="Bromethenmadinone acetate">Bromethenmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butagest" title="Butagest">Butagest (buterol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormadinone" title="Chlormadinone">Chlormadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate" title="Chlormadinone acetate">Chlormadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormadinone_caproate" title="Chlormadinone caproate">Chlormadinone caproate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlormethenmadinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlormethenmadinone (page does not exist)">Chlormethenmadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormethenmadinone_acetate" title="Chlormethenmadinone acetate">Chlormethenmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cismadinone" title="Cismadinone">Cismadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cismadinone_acetate" title="Cismadinone acetate">Cismadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clogestone" title="Clogestone">Clogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clogestone_acetate" title="Clogestone acetate">Clogestone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomegestone" title="Clomegestone">Clomegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomegestone_acetate" title="Clomegestone acetate">Clomegestone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymegesolate" title="Cymegesolate">Cymegesolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmadinone" title="Delmadinone">Delmadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmadinone_acetate" title="Delmadinone acetate">Delmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edogestrone" title="Edogestrone">Edogestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone" title="Flugestone">Flugestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone_acetate" title="Flugestone acetate">Flugestone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone_acetate" title="Fluorometholone acetate">Fluorometholone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumedroxone" title="Flumedroxone">Flumedroxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumedroxone_acetate" title="Flumedroxone acetate">Flumedroxone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoromedroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate">Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestaclone" title="Gestaclone">Gestaclone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gestobutanoyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gestobutanoyl (page does not exist)">Gestobutanoyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloprogesterone" title="Haloprogesterone">Haloprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromadinone" title="Hydromadinone">Hydromadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromadinone_acetate" title="Hydromadinone acetate">Hydromadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Hydroxyprogesterone acetate">Hydroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyprogesterone_caproate" title="Hydroxyprogesterone caproate">Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyprogesterone_heptanoate" title="Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate">Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate (hydroxyprogesterone enanthate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyprogesterone_heptanoate_benzilic_acid_hydrazone" title="Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate benzilic acid hydrazone">Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate benzilic acid hydrazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecigestone" title="Mecigestone">Mecigestone (pentarane B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrogestone" title="Medrogestone">Medrogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone" title="Medroxyprogesterone">Medroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">Medroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_caproate" title="Medroxyprogesterone caproate">Medroxyprogesterone caproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megestrol" title="Megestrol">Megestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megestrol_acetate" title="Megestrol acetate">Megestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megestrol_caproate" title="Megestrol caproate">Megestrol caproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melengestrol" title="Melengestrol">Melengestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melengestrol_acetate" title="Melengestrol acetate">Melengestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methenmadinone" title="Methenmadinone">Methenmadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methenmadinone_acetate" title="Methenmadinone acetate">Methenmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methenmadinone_caproate" title="Methenmadinone caproate">Methenmadinone caproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">Mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone furoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaterone" title="Osaterone">Osaterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaterone_acetate" title="Osaterone acetate">Osaterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagestrone" title="Pentagestrone">Pentagestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagestrone_acetate" title="Pentagestrone acetate">Pentagestrone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarane_A" title="Pentarane A">Pentarane A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proligestone" title="Proligestone">Proligestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">Triamcinolone acetonide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>19-Norprogesterone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Methyl-19-norprogesterone" title="17α-Methyl-19-norprogesterone">17α-Methyl-19-norprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Methylsegesterone_acetate" title="18-Methylsegesterone acetate">18-Methylsegesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-Norprogesterone" title="19-Norprogesterone">19-Norprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadinone" title="Amadinone">Amadinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadinone_acetate" title="Amadinone acetate">Amadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demegestone" title="Demegestone">Demegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoro_ethyl_norprogesterone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluoro ethyl norprogesterone (page does not exist)">Fluoro ethyl norprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoro_furanyl_norprogesterone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluoro furanyl norprogesterone (page does not exist)">Fluoro furanyl norprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestadienol" title="Gestadienol">Gestadienol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestadienol_acetate" title="Gestadienol acetate">Gestadienol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestonorone_acetate" title="Gestonorone acetate">Gestonorone acetate (gestronol acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestonorone_caproate" title="Gestonorone caproate">Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestronol" title="Gestronol">Gestronol (gestonorone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomegestrol" title="Nomegestrol">Nomegestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomegestrol_acetate" title="Nomegestrol acetate">Nomegestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgestomet" title="Norgestomet">Norgestomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORG-2058" title="ORG-2058">ORG-2058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxogestone" title="Oxogestone">Oxogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxogestone_phenpropionate" title="Oxogestone phenpropionate">Oxogestone phenpropionate (xinogestone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegestone" title="Promegestone">Promegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesterone" title="Segesterone">Segesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorone" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorone">Segesterone acetate (nestorone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimegestone" title="Trimegestone">Trimegestone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Testosterone derivatives:</i> Progestins: <a href="/wiki/6,6-Difluoronorethisterone" title="6,6-Difluoronorethisterone">6,6-Difluoronorethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6,6-Difluoronorethisterone_acetate" title="6,6-Difluoronorethisterone acetate">6,6-Difluoronorethisterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Allyl-19-nortestosterone" title="17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone">17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allylestrenol" title="Allylestrenol">Allylestrenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altrenogest" title="Altrenogest">Altrenogest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroethynylnorgestrel" title="Chloroethynylnorgestrel">Chloroethynylnorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingestol" title="Cingestol">Cingestol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danazol" title="Danazol">Danazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desogestrel" title="Desogestrel">Desogestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dienogest" title="Dienogest">Dienogest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylandrostenediol" title="Ethinylandrostenediol">Ethinylandrostenediol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethandrostate" title="Ethandrostate">Ethandrostate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethisterone" title="Ethisterone">Ethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethynerone" title="Ethynerone">Ethynerone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etonogestrel" title="Etonogestrel">Etonogestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etynodiol" title="Etynodiol">Etynodiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etynodiol_diacetate" title="Etynodiol diacetate">Etynodiol diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestodene" title="Gestodene">Gestodene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestrinone" title="Gestrinone">Gestrinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonorgestrel" title="Levonorgestrel">Levonorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonorgestrel_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Levonorgestrel ester">Levonorgestrel esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Levonorgestrel_butanoate" title="Levonorgestrel butanoate">levonorgestrel butanoate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynestrenol" title="Lynestrenol">Lynestrenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynestrenol_phenylpropionate" title="Lynestrenol phenylpropionate">Lynestrenol phenylpropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metynodiol" title="Metynodiol">Metynodiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metynodiol_diacetate" title="Metynodiol diacetate">Metynodiol diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norelgestromin" title="Norelgestromin">Norelgestromin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norethisterone" title="Norethisterone">Norethisterone (norethindrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norethisterone_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Norethisterone ester">Norethisterone esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Norethisterone_acetate" title="Norethisterone acetate">norethisterone acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norethisterone_enanthate" title="Norethisterone enanthate">norethisterone enanthate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noretynodrel" title="Noretynodrel">Noretynodrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgesterone" title="Norgesterone">Norgesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgestimate" title="Norgestimate">Norgestimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgestrel" title="Norgestrel">Norgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgestrienone" title="Norgestrienone">Norgestrienone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvinisterone" title="Norvinisterone">Norvinisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxendolone" title="Oxendolone">Oxendolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestanol" title="Quingestanol">Quingestanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestanol_acetate" title="Quingestanol acetate">Quingestanol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigestol" title="Tigestol">Tigestol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosagestin" title="Tosagestin">Tosagestin</a>; Anabolic–androgenic steroids: <a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Methyl-19-nortestosterone" title="11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone">11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Methyl-19-nortestosterone_dodecylcarbonate" title="11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate">11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-Nor-5-androstenediol" title="19-Nor-5-androstenediol">19-Nor-5-androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-Nor-5-androstenedione" title="19-Nor-5-androstenedione">19-Nor-5-androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone" title="19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone">19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolandiol" title="Bolandiol">Bolandiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolandiol_dipropionate" title="Bolandiol dipropionate">Bolandiol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolandione" title="Bolandione">Bolandione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethisterone" title="Dimethisterone">Dimethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dienedione" title="Dienedione">Dienedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dienolone" title="Dienolone">Dienolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethandrolone" title="Dimethandrolone">Dimethandrolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethandrolone_buciclate" title="Dimethandrolone buciclate">Dimethandrolone buciclate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethandrolone_dodecylcarbonate" title="Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate">Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethandrolone_undecanoate" title="Dimethandrolone undecanoate">Dimethandrolone undecanoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyldienolone" title="Dimethyldienolone">Dimethyldienolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyltrienolone" title="Dimethyltrienolone">Dimethyltrienolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyldienolone" title="Ethyldienolone">Ethyldienolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylestrenol" title="Ethylestrenol">Ethylestrenol (ethylnandrol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldienolone" title="Methyldienolone">Methyldienolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metribolone" title="Metribolone">Metribolone (R-1881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxydienone" title="Methoxydienone">Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mibolerone" title="Mibolerone">Mibolerone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandrolone" title="Nandrolone">Nandrolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandrolone_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandrolone ester">Nandrolone esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nandrolone_decanoate" title="Nandrolone decanoate">nandrolone decanoate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nandrolone_phenylpropionate" title="Nandrolone phenylpropionate">nandrolone phenylpropionate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norethandrolone" title="Norethandrolone">Norethandrolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normethandrone" title="Normethandrone">Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethandrolone, normethisterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU-2309" title="RU-2309">RU-2309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrogestrinone" title="Tetrahydrogestrinone">Tetrahydrogestrinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenbolone" title="Trenbolone">Trenbolone (trienolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenbolone_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenbolone ester">Trenbolone esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Trenbolone_acetate" title="Trenbolone acetate">trenbolone acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trenbolone_enanthate" title="Trenbolone enanthate">trenbolone enanthate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendione" title="Trendione">Trendione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trestolone" title="Trestolone">Trestolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trestolone_acetate" title="Trestolone acetate">Trestolone acetate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Spirolactone derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Canrenoic_acid" title="Canrenoic acid">Canrenoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">Drospirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mespirenone" title="Mespirenone">Mespirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_canrenoate" title="Potassium canrenoate">Potassium canrenoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prorenone" title="Prorenone">Prorenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC-5233" title="SC-5233">SC-5233 (spirolactone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC-8109" title="SC-8109">SC-8109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirorenone" title="Spirorenone">Spirorenone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide" title="3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide">3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LG-2527" title="LG-2527">LG-2527</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-100128&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-100128 (page does not exist)">LG-100128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riligustilide" title="Riligustilide">Riligustilide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWJ-26819&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RWJ-26819 (page does not exist)">RWJ-26819</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWJ-49853&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RWJ-49853 (page does not exist)">RWJ-49853</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RWJ-60130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RWJ-60130 (page does not exist)">RWJ-60130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaproget" title="Tanaproget">Tanaproget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZM-182345" title="ZM-182345">ZM-182345</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unknown:</i> <a href="/wiki/ORG-47241" title="ORG-47241">ORG-47241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORG-201745" title="ORG-201745">ORG-201745</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Mixed<br />(<a href="/wiki/Selective_progesterone_receptor_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective progesterone receptor modulators"><abbr title="Selective progesterone receptor modulators">SPRMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective progesterone receptor modulators</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dihydroethisterone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydroethisterone">Dihydroethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydrolevonorgestrel" title="5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel">5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydronorethisterone" title="5α-Dihydronorethisterone">5α-Dihydronorethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoprisnil" title="Asoprisnil">Asoprisnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoprisnil_ecamate" title="Asoprisnil ecamate">Asoprisnil ecamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J1042&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J1042 (page does not exist)">J1042</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-120838&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-120838 (page does not exist)">LG-120838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapristone" title="Metapristone">Metapristone (RU-42633)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone (RU-486)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORF-9371&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORF-9371 (page does not exist)">ORF-9371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF-9326" class="mw-redirect" title="ORF-9326">ORF-9326</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-31710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-31710 (page does not exist)">ORG-31710</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-33628&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-33628 (page does not exist)">ORG-33628</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RMI-12936&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RMI-12936 (page does not exist)">RMI-12936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telapristone" title="Telapristone">Telapristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulipristal_acetate" title="Ulipristal acetate">Ulipristal acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilaprisan" title="Vilaprisan">Vilaprisan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-137316&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-137316 (page does not exist)">ZK-137316</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">Apigenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">Kaempferol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-120920&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-120920 (page does not exist)">LG-120920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">Naringenin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PRA-910&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRA-910 (page does not exist)">PRA-910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syringic_acid" title="Syringic acid">Syringic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aglepristone" title="Aglepristone">Aglepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilopristone" title="Lilopristone">Lilopristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonaprisan" title="Lonaprisan">Lonaprisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onapristone" title="Onapristone">Onapristone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-31710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-31710 (page does not exist)">ORG-31710</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-31806&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-31806 (page does not exist)">ORG-31806</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-33628&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-33628 (page does not exist)">ORG-33628</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTI_3021%E2%80%93022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTI 3021–022 (page does not exist)">RTI 3021–022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toripristone" title="Toripristone">Toripristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanoterone" title="Zanoterone">Zanoterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Darolutamide" title="Darolutamide">Darolutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-001447&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-001447 (page does not exist)">LG-001447</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-100127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-100127 (page does not exist)">LG-100127</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-100128&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-100128 (page does not exist)">LG-100128</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-120830&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-120830 (page does not exist)">LG-120830</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LG-121046&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LG-121046 (page does not exist)">LG-121046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZM-150271&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZM-150271 (page does not exist)">ZM-150271</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZM-172406&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZM-172406 (page does not exist)">ZM-172406</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><abbr title="Membrane progesterone receptor">mPR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Membrane progesterone receptor</span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Progestin_and_adipoQ_receptor" title="Progestin and adipoQ receptor"><abbr title="Progestin and adipoQ receptor">PAQR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Progestin and adipoQ receptor</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">5α-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">5β-Dihydroprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycortisone (21-hydroxyprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol" title="11-Deoxycortisol">11-Deoxycortisol (17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Progestogens_and_antiprogestogens" title="Template:Progestogens and antiprogestogens">Progestogens and antiprogestogens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Androgen_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Androgen receptor modulators">Androgen receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Estrogen_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Estrogen receptor modulators">Estrogen receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_steroidal_progestogens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of steroidal progestogens">List of progestogens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&oldid=1192036533">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Membrane_progesterone_receptor&oldid=1192036533</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:7TM_receptors" title="Category:7TM receptors">7TM receptors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_proteins" title="Category:Human proteins">Human proteins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Progestogens" title="Category:Progestogens">Progestogens</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_female_endocrine_system" title="Category:Human female endocrine system">Human female endocrine system</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 December 2023, at 07:41<span 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